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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOLUME 38 





WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
19d 2 





ADVERTISEMENT. 


The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of two 
series—Proceedings and Bulletins. 

The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are 
intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers 
based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly 
acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- 
from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited 
groups. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution to 
libraries and scientific establishments, and, in view of the importance 
of the more prompt dissemination of new facts, a limited edition of 
each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The dates at 
which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table 
of contents of the volume. 

The present volume is the thirty-eighth of this series. 

The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series of 
more elaborate papers, issued separately, and, like the Proceedings, 
based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. 

A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the ‘‘Special Bulletin,” 
has been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was 
deemed indispensable. 

Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as ‘‘Contributions from 
the National Herbarium,” and containing papers relating to the bo- 
tanical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. 

RicuarDd RATHBwn, 
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, 
In charge of the United States National Museum. 

Marcu 24, 1911. 


III 





TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Page. 


ANNANDALE, NELSON. [fresh-water Sponges in the collec- 
tion of the United States National Museum.—Part III. 
Description of a new species of Spongilla from China.— 
Neclior. June G6, 1910%: .. . on occcecee ue ce eek ee 183 


New species: Spongilla (Stratospongilla) sinensis. 


Fresh-water Sponges in the collection of the 
United States National Museum.—Part IV. Note on 
the fresh-water Sponge, Ephydatia japonica, and _ its 
allies—No.1771. October 18,1910¢%________._.._.__. 649-650 


Batcu, Francois N. On a new Labradorean species of 
Onchidiopsis, a genus of Mollusks new to eastern North 
America; with remarks on its relationships.—No. 1761. 
Meromer 6, (910°. 2226S ee oe 2 oe we ew be oe oe x= AB9-4A84 


New species: Onchidiopsis corys. 


Bran, Barron A. and ALFRED C. WEED. A review of the 
venomous Toadfishes.—No. 1764. October 15, 1910¢.___ 511-526 
New species: Thalassophryne megalops. 
Berry, Epwarp W. A revision of the fossil Plants of the 
genera Acrostichopteris, Teeniopteris, Nilsonia, and Sap- 
indopsis from the Potomac group.—No. 1769. October 18, 
ee ee ee ee eS oe a ot ees Sho ao un 025-644 


A revision of the fossil Plants of the genus Na- 
geiopsis of Fontaine—No.1738. June 6,1910%___-.-.-. 185-195 
New combinations: Podozamites inxquilateralis, Phyllites latifolius. 
Burr, Matcotm. The Dermaptera (Earwigs) of the 
United States National Museum.—No. 1760. August 
POM NOF 22 eee ec ce ce ee face doce et. 448-467 
New genera: Pilex, Dinex, Cipex. 


Buscx, Aucust. New Moths of the genus Trichostibas.- 


Nomigon. October to, 1910%_ 2. ..-.---22---...... =. 527-530 
New species: Trichostibas isthmiella, T. chiquita, T. costarice, T. 
venatella. 





@ Date of publication. 


Vel TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


CasAnowicz, IMMANUEL M. The Gustavus Vasa Fox col- 
lection of Russian souvenirs in the United States Na- 
tional Museum.—No.1725. April30, 1910%.__.-.-- =: 


Crark, Austin Hopartr. A new Australian Crinoid.— 
No: 1743... June 7;,1910% ee ee 


New species: Compsometra lacertosa. 


———. A new European Crinoid.—No. 1749. June 18, 

1910? .. 22 24e4 2 ee ee ee eS ee See 
New species: Antedon adriatica. 

On the origin of certain types of Crinoid stems.— 

No:1740; «June 6; 191082 02s Se ee 





—. Proisocrinus, a new genus of recent Crinoids.—No. 
1756. August 6,19V0% .- = ee ee 
New genus: Proisocrinus. 

New species: Proisocrinus ruberrimus. 





—. Report on a collection of Birds made by Pierre 
Louis Jouy in Korea.—No. 1735. May 9,1910?_-_---_---- 


—. The Birds collected and observed during the 
cruise of the United States Fisheries steamer ‘‘ Albatross”’ 
in the North Pacific Ocean, and in the Bering, Okhotsk, 
Japan, and Eastern seas, from April to December 1906.— 
Nov1727,  April'30; 910?! eee 


The phylogenetic interrelationships of the recent 
Crinoids.—No. 1732. May 3,1910%____. Si Ce OE 





CocKERELL, T. D. A. The North American Bees of the 
genus Nomia.—No. 1745. . June 14, 1910°__.___.-_-.-- 


New species: Nomia pattoni, N. californica, N. acus, N. tetrazonata. 


New subspecies: Nomia arizonensis angelesia. 


Crawrorp, J. C. New Hymenoptera from the Philippine 
Islands.—No: 1733; -May7s) ol 2 Se eee 

New genera: Lipoglyptus, Cologlyptus, Dimeromicrus. 

New species: Ceratina tropica, Halictus (Nesohalictus) robbii, Cerceris 
luzonensis, Tiphia ashmeadi, T. lucida, T. segregata, Loxotropa 
tricornuta, Lipoglyptus primus, Cologlyptus kiefferi, Acolus luteipes, 
Prosacantha roberti, P. striaticeps, Habroteleia browni, Platyscelio 
abnormis, Macroteleia striativentris, M. kiefferi, Dimeromicrus ash- 
meadi, Podagrion philippinensis, P. ashmeadi, Anacryptus sculp- 
turatus, Eurytoma fulvipes, E. brunneipennis, E. browni, EF. systo- 
loides, E.. carinatifrons, Pachycrepis orientalis, Elasmus albopictus, 
Sympiesis rugithorax. 

New subgenus: Nesohalictus. 


@ Date of publication. 


Page. 


1-15 


275-276 


329-333 


211-216 


387-390 


147-176 


25-74 


115-118 


289-298 


119-133 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Crawrorb, J.C. Three new genera and species of parasitic 
Hymenoptera.—No. 1730. May 3, 1910¢%___..._...._-- 
New genera: Erixestus, Psylledontus, Plagiomerus. 
New species: Erixestus winnemana, Psylledontus insidiosus, Plagio- 
merus diaspidis. 





CusHMAN, JOSEPH AUGUSTINE. New arenaceous Forami- 
nifera from the Philippines.—No. 1759. August 20, 
Pe eat Sea i on Se win way oe 

New genus: Sphxrammina. 

New species: Sagenina divaricans, Reophax pseudobacillaris, R. 
spiculotestus, Hormosina ovaliformis, H. elongata, Sphxrammina 
ovalis, Haplophragmoides grandiformis, Ammobaculites reophaci- 
formis, A. cylindricus, Ammosphxroidina grandis. 


Dati, Wittiam Hratrey. On some land Shells collected 
by Dr. Hiram Bingham in Peru.—No. 1736. June 6, 
ee Oates ea i, OS co ee ee Pe SO ne See 


New species: Bulimulus (Lissoacme) binghami, B. (L) ptyalum, 
Clausilia (Nenia) pampasensis. 


. Summary of the Shells of the genus Conus from 
the Pacific Coast of America in the U. S. National 
Museum.—No. 1741. June 6, 1910%_________________. 


New species: Conus edaphus, C. xanthicus, C. scariphus. 


Dyar, Harrison G. Descriptions of some new species and 
genera of Lepidoptera from Mexico.—No. 1742. June 7, 
SP ee ee a ee et a ee ween Whe ae ee oe 

New genera: Zamolis, Zazunga, Hapigiodes, Ciraphorus. 

New species: Episcepsis dodaba, E. frances, Trichodesma oceola, Del- 
phyre monotona, Eucereon rosadora, E. baleris, E. erythrolepsis, 
Gnamptonychia orsola, Clemensia leisova, C. alembis, Halesidota 
lua, H. vangetta, Hypomolis lithosiaphila, Zamolis noctella, Idalus 
agricus, Euxoa cataclivis, E. arabella, Agrotis incumbens, A. agis, 
Eucoptocnemis aphronus, Lycophotia espetia, Trichestra stigmatosa, 
Polia naida, P. eucyria, P. phaulocyria, P. rodora, P. surgens, 
Hydreciodes anastagia, H. mendicosa, H. felova, H. danastia, IT. 
zinda, Eriopyga sublecta, E. pantostigma, E. strigifacta, E. angusti- 
margo, E. rhimla, E. condensa, FE. infelix, Eriopygodes grammadora, 
Meliana perstrigata, Homoncocnemis poliafascies, Cropia europs, 
C. isidora, C. ruthxa, C. perfusa, Zazunga opinor, Z. zetacelis, 
Iscadia purissima, I. dxmonassa, Melipotis mosca, Metanastria 
gustanda, Tolype celeste, T. adolla, T. mota, T. dollia, Clisiocampa 
onissa, Claphe consolabilis, C. cacopasa, Heterocampa androdora, 
Nagidusa suavis, Naprepa houla, Pseudhapigia misericordia, Hapi- 
giodes frederica, Oenotrus phanerischyne, Heterusia substriata, Coeno- 
calpe penguinifera, Dichorda aplagaria, Polla hemeraria, Pyrinia 
minsera, Bassania wmbrimargo, Stenaspilates rectissima, Endropia 
undularia, Selenia veda, Tornos umbrosarius, Cenocharis famina- 


WEL 


Page. 


87-9 


437-44 


0 


) 





@ Date of publication. 


VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Dyar, Harrison G.—Continued. 
ria, Meris mexicola. Megalopyge lampra, M. cyrtota, M. trujillina, 
M. codiopteris, M. bissesa, Anacraga sofia, Acraga caretta, Castnia 
hechtle, Xyleutes strigifer, Miacora diffidens, Hypopta salome, H. 
chilodora, Trigena amarosa, Stenophyes disparilis, Pachyzancla 
junctalis, Ciraphorus elcodes, Eromene diatrealis. 

New varieties: Pseudospher melanogen, Sphecosoma  nigrifer, 
Eucereon xanthodora, Eriopyga pseudostigma, Oxydia schematica, 
Podalia misantla. 

New name: Cropia consonens. 

Exxiot, D. G. Descriptions of some new species of 
Monkeys of the genera Pithecus and Pygathrix col- 
lected by Dr. W. L. Abbott and presented to the United 
States National Museum.—No. 1751. August 6, 1910 ¢__- 

New species: Pithecus lapsus, P. agnatus, P. lingungensis, P. lau- 
tensis, P. sirhassenensis, P. vitiis, P. carimatzx, P. mandibularis, P. 
baweanus, P. cupidus, P. linge, P. impudens, P. capitalis, Pyga- 
thrix ultima, P. sanctorum, P. flavicauda. 

Empopy, GrorcE C. A new fresh-water Amphipod from 
Virginia, with some notes on its biology.—No. 1746. 
HUNG VS OVO ocr see es ON el ce ee ee ee ae 

New species: Eucrangony serratus. 

EVERMANN, Barron WARREN, and WILLIAM CONVERSE 
Kenpatt. <A comparison of the Chub-mackerels of the 
Atlantic and Pacific oceans.—No. 1748. June 18, 1910 2__ 


GiILMORE, CHARLES W. Leidyosuchus sternberegii, a new 
species of Crocodile from the Ceratops Beds of Wyo- 
ming:—No.. 1762,, October 15, 191025 3 eae 

New species: Leidyosuchus sternbergii. 

GrossBEcK, Joun A. Studies of the North American geo- 
metrid Moths of the genus Pero.—No. 1753. August 19, 
POUO!S Sore loa we tao ae eee 2 oe 

New species: Pero giganteus, P. modestus, P. colorado, P. marmo- 
ratus. 

Hay, Orrver P. Descriptions of eight new species of 
fossil Turtles from west of the one hundredth Meridian.— 
No. 1747. -June29; 1910. Foe. ee eee 

New species: Compsemys parva, C. vafer, Basilemys prexclara, B. 
noblis, Adocus vigoratus, Alamosemys annexa, Hoplochelys bicari- 
nata, Aspideretes amnigenus. 

JorpDAN, Davip Srarr, and Witt1AmM Francis THompPson. 
Description of a new species of deep-water Sculpin 
(Triglopsis ontariensis) from Lake Ontario, with notes on 
related species.—No. 1728. April 30, 19109__--...---- 


New species: Triglopsis ontariensis. 


4 Date of publication. 


Page, 


343-352 


299-305 


327-328 


485-502 


359-377 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. Ix 


JORDAN, Davip Starr, and WitiiAmM Francis THOMPSON. “ 
Note on the Gold-eye, Amphiodon alosoides Rafinesque, 
or Elattonistius chrysopsis (Richardson).— No. 1752. 
Prrertrstn Geis ee ta 2 ees Sel ed ese eeee Seas GOO-DOT 
KENDALL, WILLIAM CONVERSE. See under Evermann, 
Becton Waites. 8 2sce-- 22 eo sek be st ee seee toes B2l—328 


———. Report on the Fishes collected by Mr. Owen 
Bryant on a trip to Labrador in the summer of 1908.— No. 
bfoo. » October: 5, 1910.*_. 2. J. 2.2.5. sane -- 2 scucz.. 5038-510 


Mitter, Gerrit S., Jr. A new Carnivore from China.— 
No. 1755. August 19, 19102 _-.-. 885-386 


New species: Vormela negans. 


Descriptions of two new genera and sixteen new 
species of Mammals from the Philippine Islands.—No. 
Toa, nuouste lO. 1910. 2 as oe 2 3 35 oe in wun -- 391-404 
New genera: Chilophylla, Tryphomys. 
New species: Crocidura halconus, C. beatus, C. mindorus, C. gran- 
dis, Tupaia cuyonis, Pteropus pumilus, Chilophylla hirsuta, 
Taphozous pluto, Epimys tyrannus, E. gala, Tryphomys adustus, 
Batomys dentatus, A. bardus, A. major, A. musculus, Tarsius 
Jraterculus. 
PoeuE, JosepH E. OnSand-barites from Kharga, Egypt.— 
No. 1726. “April 30, 1910 ¢_._ —-- 2 17-24 


RatuBun, Mary J. The Stalk-eyed Crustacea of Peru and 
) “ 
the adjacent coast.—No. 1766. October 20, 1910 %____- 531-620 
New species: Speocarcinus ostrearicola, Dromidia sarraburei, Hypoconcha 
peruviana, Dardanus imbricatus, Munida cokeri, Lysiosquilla decemspinosa. 
New subspecies: Synalpheus townsendi peruvianus. 

Ricuarpson, Harrier. Description of a new parasitic 

Isopod from the Hawaiian Islands.—No. 1770. October 
OO A eee oo ee Lek ee oe cen ee __...... 645-647 


New species: Scyracepon hawaiiensis. 


Report on Isopods from Peru, collected by Dr. 
R. E. Coker.—No. 1729. May 3, 1910%......._... 


New genus: Orbimorphus. 
New species: Sphxroma peruvianum, Orbimorphus constrictus. 


Ronwer, 8. A. On a collection of Tenthredinoidea from 
eastern Canada.—No. 1739. June 6, 1910 7 _-- __.. 197-209 


New species: Pteronus ochreatus, Pontania pumila, P. leavitti, 
Pristiphora idiotiformis, P. pallicoxa, Cryptocampus pallistigmus, 
Polybates secundus, Parabates leucostomus, Hemitaxonus rufo- 
pectus, Monsoma maura, Dimorphopteryx melanognathus, Ten- 
thredo diversiceps. 


79-85 





@ Date of publication. 


x TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


SHarPee, Ricuarp W. Notes on the marine Copepoda and 
Cladocera of Woods Hole and adjacent regions, including 
a synopsis of the genera of the Harpacticoida.—No. 1758. 
Ausist 20-1910). Ses os ee See 


New species: Ilyopsyllus sarsi. 


On some Ostracoda mostly new, in the collection 
of the United States National Museum.—No. 1750. <Au- 
cust 6; 1910: 28) 22 ee z 

New species: Cypris (Cypris) globulosa, C. (Cyprinotus) dentata, 
Chlamydotheca barbadensis. 


Starks, Epwarp CHAPIN and WiLiiam Francis THOMP- 
son. <A review of the Flounders belonging to the genus 
Pleuronichthys.—No. 1744. June 14, 1910%_________-- 

New species: Pleuronichthys nephelus, P. ocellatus. 

STEJNEGER, LEONHARD. 

Formosa.—No. 1731. 


The Batrachians and Reptiles of 
May 31.910; Ca ess ae ere: 


New name: Pelamydrus. 


Tuompson, WILLIAM FrRANcIS. See under Jorpan, Davin 
SIRARRS 20). ea chs not ate Lk a oe set een ee 


See under JORDAN, DAVIDO STARR. . 22.59 oe oe 
See under STARKS, EDWIN CHAPIN -.------------ 


Virreck,, H. L. 
mon-flies.—No. 1754. 


Descriptions of new species of Ichneu- 
August: 6; 1OU0? 2p eee eer 
New species: Apanteles (Protapanteles) hyslopi, A. (P.) fiskei, 
Bracon (Habrobracon) hopkinsi, Rhogas autographx, Heterospi- 
lus prosopidis, Limnerium (Angitia) websteri, L. (Hyposoter) 
parorgyix, Ichneumon (Cratichneumon) burkei. 


Waker, ALrrepD O. Marine Amphipods from Peru.— 
No; 1767. ‘October 18, 191055 =. 2 ee ere 
WeckeL, Apa L. Fresh-water Amphipods from Peru. 
No: L768: » OstobemiS. LOND OF oo ee ween sere 


Weep, ALFRED C. See under Bran, Barton A______-_-- 


WerymoutH, FRANK WALTER. Notes on a collection of 
Fishes from Cameron, Louisiana.—No. 1734. May 3, 


1910 ¢ P. Je cla ODS oP Se ee re 
New genus: Leptocerdale. 


New species: Leptocerdale longipinnis. 


@ Date of publication. 


Page. 


405-456 


300-341 


277-287 


91-114 


621-622 


623-624 
511-526 


135-145 


bis’ OF [LLLUSPRATIONS: 


Facing page. 


PLATES. 
1. Diploma of honorary citizenship of St. Petersburg..............-...-... 
2. Malachite casket for diploma of honorary citizenship of St. Petersburg. - - 
3. Diploma of honorary citizenship of Moscow...........-.-.-.---------+--- 
4. Portfolio for diploma of honorary citizenship of Moscow. ....-..-.-------- 
BeMemoral mom, Cherepovet2 5.2... .62..4. sect wees tesa ete eee cece. teeeess 
6. Portfolio with the arms of Kronstadt.............-..--.---+----.-.-+---- 
feavommicmoration medals: obverse... ...2...s05.. +20. te seces eee iec eee eee 
BS. ,Commemoration medals: reverse....:.....--5----+-+-. esse eee eee ce en eee 
9. Representative specimens of sand-barite from Kharga, Egypt .........--. 
MEMCOnpscmnysand Daslemys 2. .0.2.0 a5 cass nasectecceseee essence tecences 
at. Compsemys, Adocus, and Aspideretes......-.-2.2--2------2222-222000eee- 
PeEETIOPIOCNCING GICUMNAIA. ooo. aoa e eens can alos es oS saden teste ecesen 
Ese orien, American species Of Pero cc: .... ic cee eed ee eects eae nd ce beste sde- 
RC FONETIC CHATACLO'S OF (PETOs.. ccs cee ceicsiicisecgbetmcceess  Selees~e cee cme. 
Se OIE O00 OF Once 2 os tet cer see es lee pac eed bests Eee wedbewe@es cach ides 
SLAIN UE OF Ola g cane ale Dara any cise Aes sd Sad eee Se ag ee MOE eS 
17. Vormela negans, type. Ordos Desert. Vormela peregusna. Dobrudscha....-. 
18. Chilophylla hirsuta. Noseleaf greatly enlarged............-...-.......... 
ie pimys tyrannus, type. (Natural size) .................22..2-2+2-5---- 
20. Batomys dentatus, type. (Natural size)..............-..------------..0-- 
21. A new Labradorean species of Onchidiopsis..........--..----------2---0-- 
22. A new Labradorean species of Onchidiopsis............----.-2.22-----0005 
Boe omill GF Lerdyosuchts stern bergit...-.0.2- 00202-0200 ese noose eee ee eeu 
ome SUL]: GherdyOsUchis StETNDET GU «0-2-2222 occ n ee eee ee eb eee ccna ewes 
25. Skull and jaws of Leidyosuchus sternbergi......--.--------------+-+-- 
26. Skull of Letdyosuchus sternbergit.......-...-.--------- +22 ee eee 
27. Lower jaw of Leidyosuchus sternbergi.....-..----------+------2-002-- eee 
Posi) of bedyosuchius sternbergi.-.-..2-2--22-42---5 es esi eee see nse es 
POMS ULUOL LerdyOsUchits: SteTNDETOW- 22-22-22 22 n eee neces ee eee senses be ee 
UMS MUUCLINUSISTAGNAUIGS..2 25-56-2020 se eens cade once cece etic eewse eee ete bese 
EEMMUNGIISSO DAMINE COWP 22 <ccc5. 5 see ee Soe eee ee tee eee dee sins ce beceeeees 
32. Fig. 1.—Thalassophryne punctata. Fig. 2.—Thalassophryne  maculosa, 
cotype of T. natterert. Fig. 3.—Opercular spine of Thalassophryne dowi. 
Fig. 4.—Opercular spine of Porichthys greenei........--.-----+------+-- 
EMMI HELOSSO DITYNE IMNACULOSAM on aa = =. ees sw wane eee Se See Soe ee ee ee 
DEPPLILOLASSODINUILC TECCULALG == - Socios. 2 oe eect eee ee dase ee eee eee 
Bi ECHOSTIDOS TALNIMNIELUE fe oa a el ee ee ee eee tees eseee 
36. Fig. 1.—Inachoides microrhynchus. Fig. 2.—Epialtus marginatus ...------ 
37. Fig. 1.—Hepatus chilensis. Fig. 2.—Arenwus mericanus.....-.-.---------- 
38. Fig. 1.—Cancer plebejus. Fig. 2.—Cancer polyodon.............------ 
39. Fig. 1.—Xantho gaudichaudi. Fig. 2.—Platyxanthus crenulatus......-.--. 
40. Fig. 1.—Cycloranthops sexdecimdentatus. Fig. 2.—Platyxanthus orbigny’..-- 
41. Fig.1.—Eriphia squamata. Fig. 2.—Panopeus purpureus. Fig. 3. 
Petrolisthes armatus. Fig. 4.—Panopeus chilensis.......-.------------- 
XI 


16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
24 
326 
326 
326 
378 
378 
378 
ok 
386 
404 
404 
404 
484 
484 
502 
502 
502 
502 
502 
502 
502 
510 
526 


526 
526 
526 
530 
620 
620 
620 
620 
620 


626 


XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Facing page. 
42. Fig. 1.—Grapsus grapsus. Fig. 2.— Ucides occidentalis. ...........--.------ 620 
43. Fig. 1.—Uca insignis. Fig. 2.—Ocypode gaudichaudii. Fig. 3.—Ostraco- 
theres polttus... .... 5=232 << an she eS ee oe ee ge ee ee 620 
Ad. ‘Cardisoma crassum: 2 32 222s ae ee eS Oe eee eee 620 
45. Fig. 1.—Leucosilia jurinei. Fig. 2.—Leptograpsus variegatus. Fig. 3.— E 
Callianassa uncinata. Fig. 4.—Microphrys aculeatus..............------ 620 
46. Fig. 1.—Pinniva transversalis. Fig. 2.—Teleophrys cristulipes. Fig. 3.— 
Pachygrapsus transversus. Fig. 4.—Acanthonyx petiverti. Fig. 5.— 
Pachycheles grossimanus. Fig. 6.—Uca galapagensis...............----- 620 
47. Fig. 1.—Eurytium tristani. Fig. 2.—Hypoconcha peruviana. Fig. 3.— 
Goniopsis pulchra. Fig. 4.—Clibanarius panamensis..........-.-------- 620 
48. Fig. 1.—Pagurus benedicti. Fig. 2.—Speocarcinus ostrearicola. Fig. 3.— 
Uca princeps. Fig. 4.—Dromidia sarraburet. Fig. 5.—Petrolisthes spini- 
‘frons.s: Fig. 6:—Dissodactylusnitidusse-. soe eee ee ee 620 
49. Fig. 1.—Emeritaanaloga. Fig. 2.—Dardanus sinistripes. Fig. 3.—Dardanus 
imbricatus. Fig. 4.—Portunus (Portunus) acuminatus. Fig. 5.—Eu- 
pleurodon trifurcatus. Fig. 6.—Emerita emerita......-......----------- 620 
50. Fig. 1.—Paguristes tomentosus. Fig. 2.—Pilumnoides perlatus. Fig. 3.— 
Microphrys platysoma. Fig. 4.—Aratus pisoni. Fig. 5.—Hepatella 
ONO ee tat ee SSS oa Upsthya tie cr chreset are pe te latest eae rece ae 620 
51. Fig. 1.—Macrobrachium jameicense. Fig. 2.—Paguristes hirtus. Fig. 3.— 
Pinnotherelsa- legates Os. sss ac ties See te sree eee a eee 620 | 
52. Fig. 1.—Panulirus ornatus. Fig. 2.—Rhynchocinetes typus. Fig. 3... | 
Peeudosquilla: Lessons |. = 2s j0:cxi-.4 5a tjae se Re eo ee 620 | 
53. Fig. 1.—Palexmon ritteri. Fig. 2.—Peneus stylirostris. Fig. 3.—Lysiosquilla 
decemspinosa. Fig. 4.—Synalpheus townsendi peruvianus. Fig. 5.— 
Miunidan COR ent c/s 5 3+ go Se 252 hee eee ee tate ee eee ee ee 620 
54. Fig. 1.—Bithynis cementars gaudichaudii. Fig. 2.—Peneus brevirostris. 
Hisx'3:—Chlordetla dubia. 22s. < as Nee ae ee oe eee 620 
Bot ACALUINectesitO VOLES sso. oe ie earn ee eee oe ee eee 620 
HORS OMUINECES GPCUALUSS, 5.0 3 ss shinee - sa aerate See eee ae pe ere 620 
TEXT FIGURES. 
Page. 
Photomicrograph of a thin slice of sand-barite, cut at right angles to a penetra- 

tion twin of two tabular individuals crossing at an angte of 30 degrees. Polar- 

ized light; magnification about 25 diameters. Rounded and slightly angular 

quartz grains are abundantly interspersed in a ground of regularly oriented 

barite. The individual to the right is nearly extinguished, while the one to 

the left is brightly illuminated. The basal cleavage may be seen in each... 23 
Subspecies of Lagopus lagopus. a, Lagopus lagopus albus (from a specimen 

from Ungava). 6, Lagopus lagopus alexandrx (from a specimen from the 

Shumagin Islands). ec, Lagopus lagopus (from a specimen from Norway). - - - - 53 
Trglopsis ontariensis, Jordan and Thompson-2.-- 0-5-0. esses e tee ee eee 76 
Triglopsis stimpsont Hoy = 22 Sen ete oe ee a a ee ees isl Se 77 
Gottussricer (Ne@lsOn) 23.0 422 oss sae coe eee ae Sea eee fe eee 78 
Meinertia gaudichaudii. a, adult female. b, adult female. c, lateral view of 

Ghorax «so 5. =e Sic os Dae OS kee i ce as gt eo 80 
Meinertia gaudichaudii. a, young of first stage. b, second leg of adult male. 

c, lateral view of thorax of adult male. d, adult male...................... 80 
SIDA OME NEMA a a az ntl 0 oe a ee ee 81 
Sphxroma peruvianum. a, mandible. 6, first maxilla. c, maxilliped. d, 

firstleg. e,secondleg. /, thirdleg. g,fourthleg. h, fifth leg. 7, sixth leg. 82 
Orbimorphus constrictus. a, adult female. 6, first lamella of marsupium. c, 

seventh lee of female: .d, male: <.2-5 oe eee eee 84 


a 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Cymothoa wstrum. a, young of the second stage. 6, young of the first stage, 
c, lateral view of thorax of adult female. d, adult male. e, adult female. 
GSE 2) 1 eR Se 

Erizxestus winnemana, adult female......................---2-----2---2--0---- 

Erizestus winnemana, antenna of female......................-.------------ 

eayivedontus insidiosus, adult female... ......0-..-2.. 22. s eee sec e eee wees nee. 


EE a CI AROUCIIC) DIVQUUM 0.5 255 20 oie oa oe Boe Same sew tees bene ten sin hoax 
Ciausina(Nenia) pampasensis.. ....-.+.--..- 522 - dne ket eens eee eee esse eese 
Fragment of a twig of Nageioposis zamioides showing indications of decurrent 
Pave wands spiral PUY NOUR W. ccuscodes a cacesed etek cade efedind eae aes 
Twig of Nageioposis zamioides showing variation in form and size of leaves... -. 
TC GS OD NCIUG ox sein 2 Bec Giang sin SSR Gwe 64 ESS 324 9S 5o6 5c bq tse Oss caooes 
ETEMONUCHLNY SIOCELLQUUNSS <2 25 oor ce oars 5 So eeid Hee afsitres, eds bie we esters fees 
Eucrangony serratus. 1,antenna. 2,antenna. 3, gnathopod. 4, gnathopod. 
meserratus.. Pereopod 5. 6, uropod. 7, telson.....5.......2..6.0.02.0005- 
E. serratus (young) antenna, 8. 9, antenna. 10, gnathopod. 11, gnathopod. 
EEO eee see ee oe ee yas a eee es essai vie ite ewe nas ome 
FE. gracilis (young). 13, gnathopod. 14, gnathopod. 15, uropod. 16, F. 
serratus (young) telson. 17, #. gracilis (young) telson. .............-...-.--- 
Compsemys parva. Restoration of plastron..........-..---..2--- 2-2 eee eee 
Compsemys vafer. 2, first, second, and third neurals; 3, first and third right 
peripherals, with restoration of the second; 4, section of front end of eighth 
peripheral; 5, section across tenth peripheral ............-.......--------- 
Basilemys preclara. 6, lower surface of front end of plastron; ent, entoplastron; 
epi, epiplastorn; gu/, gular scute; intg, intergular scute; 7, section across 
front end of plastron a little in front of entoplastron. ...............------- 
Basilemys preclara. 8, median section of front of plastron; ent, entoplastron; 
epi, epiplastron; 9, section of free border of xiphiplastron 40 mm. behind 
Ra AUTOM yi ctr ee ee en AE fb aia Hie icin se pos yee eae ees Boe 
Basilemys preclara. 10, upper surface of front of nuchal; 11, section across 
nuchal near union with first peripheral...............--.-.----+------++--- 
Basilemys nobilis, 12, section across free border of xiphiplastron 40 mm. behind 
hypoplastron; on the left the section enters depression for pubis; 13, section 
across free border of xiphiplastron 115 mm. behind hypoplastron....-.....-- 
Adocus vigoratus. 14, first neural; 15, first left peripheral; 16, section across 
first left peripheral, the upper surface toward right; 17, left seventh periph- 
eral; 18, section across free border of base of hinder lobe....-.....-.--.----- 
Alamosemys annexa. Lower surface of the plastron........-.-..--..2--------- 
Hoplochelys bicarinata, 20, front end of fourth peripheral—a, groove for process 
of hypoplastron; 6b, lateral carina with groove above it; 21, hinder end of 
fourth peripheral; 22, front end of eighth peripheral—a, pit for process of 
hypoplastron; 23, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh peripherals... ....---- 
Cypris (Cypris) globulus. a, right shell from within, X70; 6, dorsal view, 70; 
Earres,. <10-.0, second 100, X210.. ... . tcc cen cece a te see e cee see sess 
Cypris (Cyprinotus) dentata. a, left shell of female, 60; b, left shell of male, 
x 60; c, right shell of male, «60; d, dorsal view of male, X60. .-.......-.-- 
Cypris (Cyprinotus) dentata, a, furca, 105; b, second leg, 250; c, maxillary 
palp of male, 130; d, maxillary palp of male, 130; e, penis. .......--.-. 


XII1 


Page. 


187 
192 
283 
285 
300 
301 


303 
304 


309 


SU 


oo 
— 
or 


316 


SLT 


319 


“NI 


XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Cypria obesa. a, right shell from within, X70; b, left maxillary palp of male; 

c, second foot, 210; d, penis, 250; e, furca, X250........ cit cog es See 
Chlamydotheca barbadensis. a, rake-like organs of mouth, 140; 6, left shell of 

male, 20; c, right shell of female, 20; d, spines of first maxillary process, 

120; e, first leg, 70; /, terminal segment of second leg, 70; g, h, maxillary 

palps‘of male, X80; 2, penis; X60 75 tuncaree<O0 5. eee ae ee 
Amphiodon, alosoides..: ...< <c6 fame Pe Oe oe ee ee 
TTROd OM LET GUSUS 5, «0,5 o's a iss me ke i ee a eee 
Areoletan Lam nEerium. wWeDstert > are ae ee a en oe 
Areola an -Lumneruin Wevstervec.vci= Pe ee See ae ee 
Areopetiolarea iniLimmnenvwimn parongyies a ee eee eee eee 
Proisocrinus ruberrimus; crown and upper part of column; from the type-.--. : 
Proisocrinus ruberrimus; proximal and distal portion of column............-.-- 
Articular face of a columnar from above the middle of the stem. ...........-- 
Euchxta spinosa. a, second foot, 150; 6, furca, ventral, X75..............- 
Eurytemora herdmani. a, dorsal view of female, 35; b, fifth foot of female, 

1005<¢. fifth: footof females SCLaO usp sete Sere ae sere ee ee 
Eurytemora hirundoides. a, dorsal view of female; b, fifth foot of female... ...-. 
Pseudodiaptomus coronatus. a, fifth foot of female, 175; b, fifth foot of male, 


Acartia tonsa. ‘Fifth tootior temale; << 500s. 2s As Sees 5 ere sie eee eee 
Har pacticus chelifer. a, fifth foot of female; 6, fifth foot of male...............- 
imetinosoma curticorme.. Faith foot oftfemale=223s.-sse- oe eee ee eee eee eee 
Alteutha depressa. a, ventral view of male; 6, fifth foot of female; c, caudal 

FAM US! OlMemal 6 20s 75.5.2 sets So ee Oe eee ee eee 
Idyafurcata. a, fifth foot of male; ), fifth foot of female.......................- 
Thalestris gibba. a, fifth foot of female; ), fifth foot of male.............-.-.-.--- 
Halithalestris croni. a, fifth foot of female; b, fifth foot of male...............- 
Dactylopusia thisboides. a, fifth foot of male; 6, fifth foot of female. .........--- 
Dactylopusia vulgaris. a, fifth foot of female; b, fifth foot of male............-- 
Diosaccus tenuicornis. a, fifth foot of male; }, fifth foot of female............-.-- 
Laophonte longicaudata. a, fifth foot of female; 6, fifth foot of male...........- 
Lichomolgus fucicolus. a, second antenna of female; 6, abdomen of female; 

C8 fifth Loot; Aes eas as etnies chee esc ices oe ee ea 
Tachidius brevicornis. a, fifth foot of female; b, fifth foot of male............-..- 
Tlyopsyllus sarsi. a, mandibular palp, X250; 6, lateral view of female, 70; 

c, maxillipeds, 250; d, rostrum, 250; e, fifth foot of female; /, first foot of 

female, 250; g, furcal rami of female, 250; h, second antenna of female, 


250 :A1,firstiantenma of female <2b0 eee eee eee 
Podon leuckarti. a, side view of female; 6, side view of male...........-..-.--- 


Evadne nordmanni. a, side view of female; b, side view of male.........-..-. 
Sagenina dinarteans a kO) eects tes oe oe eee EE are he ee 
Reophaz pseudobacillarts: OK 20 256. iene apes eee = ee eee 
Repphax spicutotestus. 20) 2. .-2- 20 eyo 5 See aoe se ee ee Pn ec 
Hormosina: ovaiformis. UO sc en- 22 2 ee re ee eee 
Hormosina elongata. X15. a, side view; 6, apertural view ....--.-.-------- 
Sphexrammina ovalis. X15. Figs. 8 and 9, side view; Fig. 10, apertural view. 
Hanlophragmoides ‘grandiformis. ~>€25% 4.4.2 a0. sdesee ee ee tae clal ns ew ae cee 
Ammobaculites reophactjormis.. 425...< .ssics caw a doen a eee ae eee 
Ammobaculites cylunameus. <20/--2 25... anaeee eee eee Ree eee ee eee 
Ammosphaeroidina grandis. 8. Figures at upper right and below are aper- 

tUPal VIC WS oes sc Secs oS SoS ee Sc oe ee ee et eee ee 
Antenna and forceps of Labia paraquayensis. << - = aam am ences es ie es = el 


Page. 


338 


339 
309 
396 
382 
382 
383 
388 
389 
390 
410 


411 
411 


412 
414 
415 
415 


416 
417 
418 
418 
419 
420 
420 
421 


422 
422 


423 
434 
435 
437 
438 
438 
439 
439 
440 
440 
441 
441 


442 
455 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, XV 


Page. 
Head, part of antenna, and posterior tarsus of Proreus minor.............-.---- 458 
Penultimate ventral segment of a male Ancistrogaster falcifera................... 459 
Mand leg of Prlex bogotensts. .... 22 -2..- 22.0 cee eens neces cece een eee eneeeee 460 
Penultimate ventral segment of Sarcinatrix anomalia, male......-.............. 461 
Profile of forceps of male Skalistes lugubris, var. metrica.............22.-22------- 462 
- Forceps of male Shalistes cacaoensis......2..220020200002c0ececeecceeecceeesees 462 
BOM NET SCMUCE Macca mae acasseie'ocecce ues okee seduleldesucsdeedeosceds 463 
Leidyosuchus sternbergii. a, fourth (?) lumbar vertebra, seen from right side; 
b, second sacral vertebra, seen from front........................---------- 495 
Leidyosuchus sternbergii. a, left humerus, ventral view; b, right humerus, dor- 
sal view; c, right fibula, lateral view; d, second metatarsal of left hind foot; 
eeproximal half ofa metatarsals... 02.0052.5-06..csececc ec cbe eee cccesssece 497 
Dorsal spine of Thalassophryne dowi ...........---.-22+--------22------ 22-0 511 
Opercular spine of Thalassophryne dowi .........-..22200-0--2-22000--- 200 ee- 511 
@pereular spine of Porichthys greenei.......-:.-0.2..5e002 cece tee seee esse eens 511 
Beeciora! tin. of Porichthys greenet.< csc soc. cece te wes cctaetecenesdeete. vee 515 
Tooth of Thalassophryne punctata. 16 diameters. Fish, 15.2 cm. long ...... 518 
Tooth of Thalassophryne maculosa. 16 diameters. Fish, 16 cm. long ....... 520 
Tooth of Thalassophryne reticulata. 16 diameters. Fish, 26.7 cm. long ...... 522 
Tooth of Thalassophryne megalops. X16 diameters. Fish, 6.9 cm. long... .... 523 
Punogiens cermuacisie, Male, AAs occ Solee sect cate bes aceds s wddeelses eee 542 
Eurypanopeus transversus, male, natural size............-......0000eee eee eee 543 
Synalpheus latastei. After Coutiére. a, frontal and antennal region, male, 
Australia; a’, frontal and antennal region, female, Chile; c, carpocerite; K, 
large chela; k’, small cheliped of first pair; /, foot of second pair; m, foot of 
Ne Ae Se ene Se eas eed Riccio ah SS bperal ib aisle pe cin oa Oe 563 
Bwenotnoe assimilis, male, KUS.c.2c6 occ cand lece cs cc cscs nsec eccaccescscocceee 622 
Hyalella knickerbockeri, male, X12. Madison, Wisconsin................-.--- 624 
Scyracepon hawaiiensis, female. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, lateral 
BREW OL ENOLARS csoo. loco neds bed ance ocdnedaeclesacscecscacpecedeuseees 645 
Scyracepon hawatiensis. Maxilliped...............-..2.-.-2--22--. 22222 e eee 646 
Scyracepon hawatiensis. Mandible....................0.. 0022 eee e eee eee eens 646 
Scyracepon hawaiiensis. First lamella of marsupium.......................--- 646 
Scyracepon hawaiiensis. Second leg of female................22.-.22.2.---2--- 647 
mrnicepon hawatrensis... Male... .....- 2.222. cece een wee wesc ceseecnsee aces 647 





THE GUSTAVUS VASA FOX COLLECTION OF RUSSIAN 
SOUVENIRS IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL 
MUSEUM. 


By ImmanvuEt M. Casanowicz, 
Of the United States National Museum. ‘ 


INTRODUCTION. 


Gustavus Vasa Fox was born in Saugus, Essex County, Massa- 
chusetts, on June 13, 1821. In 1838 he entered the United States 
Navy as a midshipman and served for eighteen years, taking part in 
the war with Mexico. Having attained the rank of lieutenant, he 
resigned in 1856 to engage in a manufacturing business in Lawrence, 
Massachusetts. In 1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln as 
Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and held that office until the close 
of the civil war. In 1866 he was sent by the United States on a 
special mission to Alexander II, Emperor of Russia, and took an 
active part in the negotiations which resulted in the acquisition of 
Alaska by the United States. On his return he resumed his active 
connection with business in Lowell, Massachusetts. He died in 
New York City on October 29, 1883. 


SPECIAL MISSION TO RUSSIA. 


On April 16, 1866, an unsuccessful attempt was made by an 
assassin on the life of the Emperor of Russia. President Johnson 
promptly sent a message of congratulation to the Emperor through 
General Clay, who at that time was the minister to Russia from the 
United States. In addition to this action, Congress, on motion of 
Thaddeus Stevens, a Representative from Pennsylvania, adopted 
on May 10, 1866, the following resolution ‘‘relative to the attempted 
assassination of the Emperor of Russia:”’ 

Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That the Congress of the United States of America has learned 
with deep regret of the attempt made upon the life of the Emperor by an enemy of 
emancipation. The Congress sends greetings to his Imperial Majesty, and to the 
Russian nation, and congratulates the twenty million of serfs upon the providential 
escape from danger of the sovereign to whose head and heart they owe the blessings 
of their freedom. 

Sec. 2. And be it further resolved, That the President of the United States be re- 
quested to forward a copy of this resolution to the Emperor of Russia. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 38—No. 1725. 
Proc.N.M.vol.38—10——1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





The resolution was approved by President Johnson on May 16, 1866. 

It was also decided to send a special envoy on a national vessel to 
carry the resolution to the Emperor. For this task the Hon. Gus- 
tavus Vasa Fox, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, was selected. 
The mission set out in the two-turret monitor Miantonomoh, escorted 
by the side-wheel steamship Augusta, on June 5, 1866, and reached 
Kronstadt, the port of St. Petersburg and chief naval station of 
Russia, on August 6. It was the first ocean voyage made by a mon- 
itor. On August 8, Mr. Fox was received by Alexander II, to whom 
he then presented the resolution of Congress. The American mis- 
sion afterwards visited, by invitation, the cities of Moscow, Nizhni- 
Novgorod, Kostroma, and Tver, being everywhere received by the 
authorities, as well as by the populace, with great enthusiasm, 
several cities conferring on Mr. Fox honorary citizenship.% 

A number of valuable books, atlases, albums, maps, and city plans 
which were presented to Mr. Fox while he was in Russia were given 
by him soon after his return, through the Department of State, to 
the library of the Smithsonian Institution.? That portion of the 
gifts received by him in Russia which recently came to the United 
States National Museum by bequest of Mrs. Virginia L. W. Fox, 
through her executors, Miss Ellen C. de Q. Woodbury and Mr. Gist 
Blair, are briefly described in the following notes: 

Gold snuffbox. Oval in shape and exquisitely chased. In the 
center of the lid is a miniature of the Emperor, Alexander IT in full 
military uniform, surrounded by twenty-six diamonds, while six 
larger diamonds are set, three on each side, at equal distances from 
the inner circle. The bottom of the case is ornamented with blue 
enamel. It was the principal gift of the Emperor to Mr. Fox.¢ 
Height, 14 inches; length, 44 inches; width, 3% inches. (Cat. No. 
255168, U.S.N.M.) 

Description du sacre et du couronnement de leurs majestés impé- 
riales Vempereur Alexander II et Vimpératrice Marie Alexandrovna, 
MDCCCLVI. (Description of the coronation of their majesties the 
Emperor Alexander IT and the Benpress Marie Alexandroyne, 1856.) 





a For an account of the voyage of ine ee an mission to ee in ae see Narra- 
tive of the Mission to Russia in 1866 of the Hon. Gustavus Vasa Fox, from the Journal 
and Notes of J. F. Loubat, edited by John D. Champlin, jr. (New York, 1873); and 
Russian account of the official mission to Russia of Hon. G. V. Fox in 1866, translated 
by S. N. Buynitzky for the Department of State (Washington, 1867). 

b Compare J. F. Loubat, Narrative of the Mission to Russia in 1866, ete., pp. 420-421. 

¢ “Snuffboxes are given by sovereigns, in lieu of decorations, to those who can not 
receive the latter. There are three grades: Plain gold boxes, boxes set with diamonds, 
and those having both diamonds and the sovereign’s miniature. The latter are given 
only to persons of the highest distinction.’? J. F. Loubat, Narrative of the Mission to 
Russia, p. 359. 


NO. 1725. FOX COLLECTION OF SOUVENIRS—CASANOWICZ. a 


Pages 125, printed on heavy bristol board, with 20 plates in chromo- 
lithography and 32 illustrations in the text, showing the portraits 
of the impertal family, the streets and churches of Moscow, where 
the coronation took place, the processions and festivities celebrated 
on the occasion, etc. Bound in half morocco, stamped on the back 
in gold with the crown, scepter, and globe. Height, 36 inches; 
width, 27 inches. (Cat. No. 255171, U.S.N.M.) 

3. Drevnosti rossiyskavo gosudarstva. Isdannyya po vysochay- 
shemu poveleniyu gosudara imperatora Nikolaya I. (Antiquities of 
the Russian Empire. Published by the august order of the Emperor 
Nicholas I.) Four folio volumes of chromolithographic plates. 
Bound in half russian leather, pressed in gold, with gilt edges. In 
the center of the left cover of each volume is stamped in gold in the 
French language: ‘‘ Presented by His Majesty, the Emperor Alex- 
ander II of Russia to the Honorable G. V. Fox, August, 1866.” 
Volume 1, series 1, ecclesiastical objects—ikons, crosses, church 
vessels, and patriarchal vestments, 112 plates; volume 2, series 2, 
ornaments and vestments of the czars, 101 plates; volume 3, series 
3, war paraphernalia—banners, arms, armor, carriages, trappings, 
and harness, 147 plates; volume 4, series 4, portraits and costumes, 
37 plates; series 5, table plate, 72 plates; series 6, views of some 
church and palace buildings and their ornaments, 39 plates. Height, 
21 inches; width, 154 inches. (Cat. No. 255172, U.S.N.M.) 

4. Description ethnographique des peuples de la Russie. (Ethno- 
graphic description of the peoples of Russia.) By T. de Pauly. 
Published on the occasion of the one thousandth anniversary of the 
Russian Empire. St. Petersburg, 1872. Text and chromolitho- 
graphic plates. Contents: The Indo-European peoples of Russia, 
pages 154, with 23 plates; Uralo-Altaic peoples, pages 78, with 22 
plates; peoples of eastern Siberia, pages 13, with 4 plates; peoples 
of Russian America, pages 15, with 4 plates. Supplemented by a 
plate showing the principal craniological types of Russia, an ethno- 
graphic and statistical table, and an ethnographic map of the Russian 
Empire. Bound in morocco, pressed in gold, with gilt edges. Height, 
21} inches; width, 164 inches. Presented by the Emperor Alexan- 
der II to Mr. Fox. (Cat. No. 255174, U.S.N.M.) 

5. Musee de Tzarskoe-selo du collection d@armes. (The museum of 
arms in Tsarskoye Selo.)* By F. Gille. Two folio volumes of 180 
lithographic plates, with explanatory text. Bound in half morocco, 
with the imperial arms of Russia stamped in gold on the covers. 
Height, 22? inches; width, 174 inches. Presented by Emperor 
Alexander II to Mr. Fox. (Cat. No. 255173, U.S.N.M.) 








_ @This palace is about 15 miles south of St. Petersburg and is the summer residence 
of the court. 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


6. The Romanow-Gallery in the imperial winter palace. Photo- 
graphic portraits of the sovereigns of Russia. St. Petersburg, 1866. 
Album of cloth, stamped with the imperial arms, containing 24 
cartes de visite of the sovereigns of the house of Romanov and their 
consorts, from Michael Feodorovich (1613-1645) to Alexander II 
(1855-1881) and his wife Marie Alexandrovna. Height, 64 inches; 
width, 5 inches. (Cat. No. 255661, U.S.N.M.) Cay’. 4/553 

7. The Museum of the Imperial Hermitage. Photographic repro- 
ductions of the most eminent paintings, statues, etc. Presented by 
order of his Imperial Majesty Alexander IT to the officers of the fleet 
of the United States of America. St. Petersburg, August, 1866. A 
book-shaped case, bound in half russian leather, stamped in gold 
with the imperial arms, containing 50 photographic reproductions 
of paintings of the Italian, Spanish, Dutch, and English schools, and 
Greek sculptures. Height, 11 inches; width, 9 inches. (Cat. No. 
255674, U.S.N.M.) Pick fh ae 

“8. Diploma of honorary citizenship conferred by the city of St. 
Petersburg on the Honorable Gustavus Vasa Fox. The diploma, done 
in water colors, is engrossed on heavy bristol board, measuring 
18 by 224 inches. The border, in the Byzantine style, is decorated 
with the following representations: In the center of the top are the 
arms of the city of St. Petersburg, two anchors, and a scepter crossed, 
with the Slavonic letter “A,” the initial of the Emperor’s name, on 
each side, surmounted by crowns. To the right are the American 
flag and the Russian naval flag crossed; to the left, in the same man- 
ner, again the American flag and the Russian imperial standard. In 
the right corner is the Slavonic shield of the Middle Ages. Under- 
neath, the imperial arms of Russia, a double-headed eagle under a 
crown. Next below is the Russian cross. Under it a medal with 
the bust of Alexander II, bearing the inscription ‘‘ Liberator.” Un- 
derneath are allegorical attributes of the arts and sciences. On the 
left side, at the top, is the crown of cap of Monomachus,* worn by 
the Russian rulers until the time of Peter the Great (1696-1724). 
Below it are the imperial arms and the cross, beneath which is a medal 
with the bust of Peter the Great, with the inscription, ‘* Reformer,” 
beneath which again are the allegorical attributes of commerce. In 
the center at the bottom is the seal of the city of St. Petersburg, with 
an engraving of St. Isaac’s Cathedral on the left and of the Exchange 
on the right. 


aIn 1114 the Greek Emperor, Constantine Monomachus, sent Vladimir II, Grand 
Duke of Kiev, 1053-1125, from Constantinople as gifts a cross made of the wood of the 
true cross, an imperial crown, a splendid dalmatic, and a gold chain. Vladimir took 
the name of Monomachus in compliment to the Emperor, and assumed the title of 
Czar of Grand Russia. These presents from the Greek Emperor are still used in the 
coronation of the Russian Emperors. 


xo.1725. FOX COLLECTION OF SOUVENIRS—CASANOWICZ. p 
The diploma proper, in the Russian language and Slavonic script, 
reads as follows: 


The Commonalty of the city of St. Petersburg, with the permission of his most gra- 
cious Imperial Majesty,¢ has nominated G. V. Fox, Ambassador of the Congress and 
Assistant Secretary of the Navy of the United States of North America, and Member 
of the Cabinet of Washington, an honorary citizen of the city of St. Petersburg, as a 
sign of special respect for him, as the Representative of the People of North Amer- 
ica, through whom they expressed their most sincere sympathy toward Russia and her 
Emperor, and in remembrance of the feelings with which this declaration was received 
by the city of St. Petersburg. 

St. Petersburg, August 3, 1866. 

The Mayor of St. Petersburg: N. PoGREBovy. 

Seniors: A. ZABLOTzZKY, DesstaTovsky, NIKOLAY 
Byxov, Sv. AVERIN. 

Secretary of the City: A. TREVILLE. 


(Plate 1, Cat. No. 255169, U.S.N.M.) 

9. Casket of Siberian malachite. Containing the diploma of hon- 
orary citizenship of the city of St. Petersburg. Inlaid with orna- 
ments of gilt bronze and the arms of the city of St. Petersburg, two 
anchors, and a scepter crossed, in the center of lid. Lined inside with 
blue velvet. Height, 5 inches; length, 26 inches; width, 21 inches. 
(Plate 2, Cat. No. 255164, U.S.N.M.) 

10. Diploma of honorary citizenship conferred by the city of Moscow 
on the Honorable Gustavus Vasa Fox. This diploma is done in water 
colors on heavy board and is 36 by 30 inches in size. The border is 
architectural in the Byzantine style. It comprises a broad base, 
inclosing a view of the Kremlin, the famous citadel of Moscow, and 
the bridge leading to it; a tower and spire on each side, which are 
connected at the top by an ornamental arch, with shadowy battle- 
ments behind. At the base of each spire is a medallion; that on the 
left representing the churches of the Kremlin; that on the right, the 
bronze monument of Minin and Pozharsky,’ near the Kremlin. In 
the center of the arch are the arms of the city of Moscow, St. George 
slaying the dragon,’ and surmounting the arch, as well as the two 
spires, are the imperial arms, the double-headed eagle under a crown. 


@¥For the bestowing of honorary citizenship, the highest distinction in Russia, 
unanimity of the municipality and permission and authorization of the Emperor are 
required. 

b When the Poles under Wladislas, in 1610, invaded Moscow, Minin, a butcher of 
Nizhni-Novgorod, assembled volunteers, with whose aid the magnate (boyar) Dmitri 
Mikhailovich Pozharsky, succeeded in driving out the invaders in 1612. On the 
monument Minin is represented with upraised arms, calling on Pozharsky to deliver 
his country from the Poles. 

¢ This was the standard of the Grand Dukes of Russia until the marriage of Ivan II] 
the Great, Grand Duke of Moscow (1462-1508), with Sophia, the daughter of the last 
Greek Emperor. It is still seen in the center of the present imperial arms of Russia. 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


The diploma, in the Russian language and in Slavonic script, reads 
as follows: 


Gustavus VAsA Fox, who presented to his Imperial Majesty the congratulations 
of the North American Congress on the occasion of deliverance from the danger which 
menaced His Majesty and all the Russian people, by the resolution of the Municipal 
Council of Moscow, approved by His Majesty on the twenty-fifth of August, 1866, and 
in token of the particular regard of the citizens of Moscow for him as a worthy repre- 
sentative of the great North American people, friendly to Russia, is acknowledged 
Honorary Citizen of Moscow. 

The Mayor of Moscow: Prince VLADIMIR TCHERKASSKY. 


Councilmen: Assistant Councilmen: 
Prince Dmirry GALITZIN. MicHakL BIBIKOV. 
CONSTANTINE GILDBACH. VLADIMIR VIKHNYAKOV. 
Vasttry BosTANZHOGLO. IvAN BAKLANOV. 
VasILiy TORGASHEYV. _ ALEXANDER GORBUNOY. 
Jacosp BuSHANOV. GREGORY ORLOV. 


The diploma is set in a richly carved wooden frame, likewise archi- 
tectural, resembling in style the border of the diploma, with the arms 
of Moscow and of the United States combined in the center at the 
top. Height of the frame, 65 inches; width, 344 inches. (Plate 3, 
Cat. No. 255166, U.S.N.M.) iN. > o 

11. Portfolio which originally contained the diploma of honorary citi- 
zenship of the city of Moscow. Made of wooden boards, 36 by 28 inches 
in size, covered with a single piece of russet leather, richly embossed 
by a plate of the full size, and ornamented with corners, bosses, and 
clasps of silver open work in Byzantine style. In the center of the 
left cover is set a silver plate, 12 inches square, containing in a circle, 
in Slavonic letters, the name “‘ Moscow” in chased, open, and repoussé 
work. Lined inside with white moreen silk. (Plate 4, Cat. No. 
255162, U.S.N.M.) Caf. HA 0 o 

12. Memorial from Cherepovetz. Representation of a memorial 
erected by the brothers Milyutin in Cherepovetz, a city in the gov- 
ernment of Novgorod, in remembrance of the visit of the American 
special mission in Russia and of its receiving a deputation of emanci- 
pated peasants who went from Cherepovetz to St. Petersburg (a 
distance of more than 400 miles) to express their thanks to the Amer- 
icans for the sympathy and esteem shown to the Russian Emperor. 
The inscription describes the occasion and the object of the coming 
of the American mission, and the addresses delivered by the leader 
of the deputation from Cherepovetz and by the Honorable G. V. Fox 
on the occasion of their meeting. In the center is a representation 
of the American flag, which was presented by Mr. Fox to the depu- 
tation. On each side is a medallion flanked by the American and 
Russian flags; that on the right representing the monitor Miantono- 
moh in the roadstead of Kronstadt, that on the left, the scene of 


NO. 1725. FOX COLLECTION OF SOUVENIRS—CASANOWICZ. iT 


presenting bread and salt by the deputation to Mr. Fox.* ‘The frame 
is carved in Russian wood of different qualities and kinds from a 
design by Col. N. Mussard. The carving was done in twelve days by 
a Russian peasant, Leontyev. The objects represented on the frame 
are, from top to bottom, as follows: The Byzantine cross; the chalice; 
a star on each side; a Russian salt cellar in form of a chair; a loaf of 
bread; a Russian towel on supporters; the arms of the government 
of Novgorod: two bears, erect, facing one another, with the emblems 
of the sea between them and fishes underneath; the dove with an 
olive branch, and on both sides ears of corn, the emblems of fertility. 
Height, 57 inches; width, 324 inches. (Plate 5, Cat. No. 255165, 
U.S.N.M.) aa 

13. Silver salver. Finely chased. Engraved with the Russian let- 
ters “S M G,” surmounted by a crown, and the date July 5, 1865. 
Length, 244 inches; width, 15 inches. (Cat. No. 255168, U.S.N.M.) 

14. Silver-gilt salt cellar in form of a chair. Chased and open work. 
Engraved with the Russian letters ““S M G,” surmounted by a crown, 
and the date July 5, 1865. Height, 4,9 inches; length, 3% inches; 
width, 23 inches. (Cat. No. 255463, U.S.N.M.)? fo AA 

15. Portfolio of red velvet, lined inside with yellow moreen silk. In 
the center of the left cover is set in an oval painting in water colors, 53 
inches by 4? inches in size, representing the arms of Kronstadt, the 
principal naval fortress and port of Russia, consisting of an escutcheon 
divided into two equal parts (per pale), red on the right side and 
azure on the left. On the left side is a lighthouse in silver, on the 
right a black kettle on green.° Above the escutcheon rise the battle- 
ments of a fortress, surmounted by the imperial arms of Russia. On 
each side are yellow flags bearing the imperial arms. Height, 214 
inches; width, 164 inches. (Plate 6, Cat. No. 255175, U.S.N.M.) 

16. Miantonomoh Galop for piano. Dedicated to Cast G. V. Fox 
by Heinrich Fuerstnow, musical director in Pavlovsk. The title page 
shows the monitor Miantonomoh with the American flag. Pages 8, 
quarto, in portfolio of blue velvet, with gold pressing, lined with 
white moreen silk. Height, 13? inches; width, 11 inches. (Cat. No. 

255645, U.S.N.M.) 

17. Popuri vz Amerikanskikh narodnykh pyesney. (Potpourri of 
American songs.) Arranged for a orchestra by Frederick Lund, 
musician of the imperial orchestri Manuscript, pages 27, quarto, 





ieeciaauhed visitors and guests are Gale omed in Russia with oo and salt, the 
‘*staff of life,’? as emblems of hospitality. 

b These two vessels were probably used for the presentation of bread and salt. 

elt is said that Peter the Great, at the time of the founding of Kronstadt, picked up 
a broken iron kettle on the island, where it had been left probably by fishermen, and 
‘in commemoration of the circumstance gave it to the new city for its arms. 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


in portfolio of cloth, stamped i in black and gold. Height, 10? inches; 
w ob 154 inches. (Cat. No. 255640, U.S.N.M.) Ca¥ 

A manual of Russian conversation, containing (1) the Russian 
sonnet (2) a selection of words frequently used in conversation; 
(3) examples of the use of verbs in connection with other parts of 
speech; (4) phrases frequently used in conversation; (5) dialogues; (6) 
outlines of Russian grammar; (7) a comparative table of Russian and 
English coins, weights, and measures; (8) a list of the principal tech- 
nical terms for the use of civil engineers, mechanics, etc. By A. 
Paucker, English teacher in the Imperial Alexander Lyceum. St. 
Petersburg, 1866. This manual was especially prepared for the bene- 
fit of the members of the American mission. Pages200,12mo. Bound 
in Russian russet leather, stamped in gold with the American and Rus- 
sian flags, with gilt edges. Height, 64 inches; width, 5inches. (Cat. 
No. 255660, U.S.N.M.) | 

19. Etiquette observée a la cour impériale de Russie. (The etiquette 
observed at the imperial court of Russia.) Bound in half roan. 
Height, 114 inches; width, 8} inches. (Cat. No. 255649, U.S.N.M.) 

20. Gold medal, commemorating the edict of the emancipation of the 
serfs by Emperor Alexander IT. On the obverse a noble and a peasant 
clasp hands in front of the Emperor, who places his hands upon their 
shoulders, standing between a palace and a peasant’s cabin, with 
the date of the edict, February 19, 1861; on the reverse, the Russian 
cross, with the words in Slavonic script: ‘‘Cross thyself, O orthodox 
nation, and invoke the divine blessing upon thy work of liberation!” 
iamaeter 211 inches. (Plates 7 and 8, fig. 1, Cat. No. 255159, 
U.S.N.M.) 

21. Silver medal, commemorating the one hundredth anniversary of 
the accession to the throne of Catharina II. On the obverse is the bust 
of the Empress, with her name and title: ‘‘Catharina IT, Empress and 
Autocrat of Whole Russia;’’ on the reverse is a female figure standing, 
holding in the right hand a cross and pointing the left to a seated 
female figure who holds an infant in her arms, with the words “‘Ye 
shall live also” (John xiv, 19). Underneath is the date of Catharina’s 
accession, September 1, 1762. Diameter, 2 inches. (Plates 7 and 8, 
fig. 2, Cat No. 255161, U.S.N.M.) 

22. Silver medal, commemorating the one hundredth anniversary of 
the founding of the Moscow Foundling Asylum. On the obverse are the 
busts of Emperor Alexander II and Empress Marie Alexandroyna, 
surmounted by a cross, with their names and the date, 1863. On the 
reverse is a seated female figure, holding in her raised right hand a 
burning heart and with her left clasping an infant to her bosom, 
while two other children are leaning against her knees. In the back- 
ground are seen the buildings and the church of the asylum. The 
inscription reads: ‘‘Whoever shall receive one of such children in my 





5 al 


NO. 1725. FOX COLLECTION OF SOUVENIRS—CASANOWICZ. 9 





name, receiveth me”’ (Mark ix, 37), and says that the asylum was 
founded by Catharina IT (1762-1796) September 1, 1763. Diameter, 
2inches. (Plates 7 and 8, fig. 3, Cat. No. 255168, U.S.N.M.) 

23. Bronze medal, commemorating the one hundredth anniversary of 
the death of Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonossov, Russian poet, philologist, 
and scientist (1711-1765). On the obverse is the bust of the poet 
with his name and the dates of his death, April 4, 1765, and of the cele- 
bration of the centennial anniversary in Nizhni-Novgorod, April 4, 
1865. On the reverse, a man and a boy are standing on the shore 
holding a net by the side of fishing boats, with the inscription: 
“Leave alone, O boy, the fisherman! Other nets, other tasks await 
you. Thou wilt catch minds, and be a helper of the Czars!”? This 
legend, probably taken from one of Lomonossoy’s poems, and the 
scene depicted on the medal refer to the fact that the poet was the 
son of a fisherman and was himself destined for this vocation, but 
ran away from his father when he was 17 years old and became 
a scholar and writer, thus earning the title of ‘‘father of Russian 
grammar and literature.’’ Diameter, 2 inches. (Plates 7 and 8 
fig. 4, Cat. No. 255639, U.S.N.M.) } 

24. Panorama, in chromolithography, of the city of St. Petersburg, 
showing the principal buildings and monuments. Paper mounted on 
cloth. Length, 28 feet 4 inches; height, 8} inches. (Cat. No. 
255643, U.S.N.M.) 

25. Panorama of the city of St. Petersburg. The same as the above, 
No. 255643. Printed on cloth. Length, 24 feet; height, 74 inches. 
(Cat. No. 255644, U.S.N.M.) 

26. Oprsanie Isaakievskavo sobora v S. Peterburaye. (Description 
of St. Isaae’s Cathedral in St. Petersburg.) By Reverend V_ Sera- 
phimov and Inspector M. Formin. St. Petersburg, 1865. The St. 
isaac’s Cathedral is considered as the finest church building in northern 
Europe, and ranks in size, cost, and importance next after St. Peter’s 
in Rome, and St. Paul’s ia London. It occupies the site of the orig- 
inal wooden building erected by Peter the Great, which was dedicated 
to St. Isaac of Dalmatia, because the city of St. Petersburg was 
founded on the day sacred to him. The present building, entirely 
of marble and granite, was begun in 1819 by Alexander I and con- 
secrated in 1858 by Alexander II. It was designed by M. Mont- 
ferrand, a French architect. Like other orthodox churches it is in 
form of a Greek cross with four equal sides, surmounted in the center 
with a cupola of cast and wrought iron, overlaid with gold, which 
reaches a height of 102 meters, and is accompanied by four smaller 
ones at the four principal angles of the central square. The four 
octostyle porticoes are constructed each of forty-eight monolithic 
columns of Finnish granite, 14 meters high, with Corinthian capi- 
tals in bronze. Each of the porticoes has three flights of granite 


) 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


steps, each entire flight being chiseled from a single block. The 
ikonostas (image stand, the partition between the sanctuary and 
the main body of the church) is divided up by ten colossal malachite 
and two lapiz-lazuli columns, and is decorated with magnificent 
mosaic pictures. The central door in it, called the ‘‘royal gate,” is 
of bronze, and is 23 feet in height by 15 feet in width. There is a 
great abundance, inside and outside of the building, of decorative 
sculpture in bronze and various kinds of stone. Pages 91, octavo, 
with 5 lithographic plates. Bound in cloth. Height, 11 inches; 
width, 5 inches. (Cat. No. 255647, U.S.N.M.)Cay Ly 

27. Otchet imperatorskoy publichnoy biblioteki za 1863 god. (Report 
of the imperial public library in St. Petersburg for 1863.) By the 
librarian Delyanovy. Pages 186, octavo. The same for 1864, pages 
115. Bound in cloth. Height, 94 inches; width, 64 inches. (Cat. 
No. 255648, U.S.N.M.) ie 

28. Catalogue des publications de la bibliothéque impériale publique 
de Saint Petérsbourg, depuis sa foundation jusqw en 1861. (Cata- 
logue of the publications of the imperial public library of St. Peters- 
burg, from its foundation till 1861.) Pages 38, small quarto. Bound 
in cloth. Height, 94 inches; width, 72? inches. (Cat. No. 255670, 
U.S.N.M.) 

29. Morskoy Sbormk. (Navy Journal.) Volume 85, No. 8, 
August, 1866, and volume 115, No. 8, August, 1871. St. Petersburg. 
Presented by the editor Vsevolod Melnitzky to Mr. Fox. Bound in 
half roan. Height, 93 inches; width, 6% imches. (Cat. Nos. 
255665-6, U.S.N.M.) f. 

30, Ustav i pravila S. Peterburgskavo rechnavo yakhtkluba. (Con- 
stitution and by-laws of the River Yacht Club of St. Petersburg.) 
St. Petersburg, 1865. Pages 136, 12mo., with 4 chromolithographic 
plates showing the flags of the club. Bound in morocco, with gilt 
edges. Mr. Fox was elected an honorary member of the club. 
Height, 54 inches; width, 3? inches. (Cat. No. 255656, U.S.N.M.) 

31. Ustav russkavo Kupyecheskavo obshchestva dlya vzaimnavo 
vspomozheniya, (Constitution of the Russian Merchants’ Club for 
Mutual Aid.) St. Petersburg. Pages 55, 12 mo. Bound in brown 
velvet, stamped in gold, with gilt edges. Height, 64 inches; width, 
5 inches. Mr. Fox was chosen an honorary member of the club. 
(Cat. No. 255657, U.S.N.M.) 

32, Katalog russkikh knig Kronshtadskoy morskoy biblioteki.  (Cat- 
alogue of the Russian books in the navy library of Kronstadt.) 
Pages 250, octavo. Bound in morocco, with gilt edges. Height, 
84 inches; width, 6} inches. (Cat. No. 255667, U.S.N.M.) 

33. Kronshtadskiy Vyestrik. (Xronstadt Herald.) Numbers 64— 
101, 1866, containing the Russian account of the American special 
mission to Russia in 1866. (Cat. No. 255640, U.S.N.M.) 


NO. 1725. FOX COLLECTION OF SOUVENIRS—CASANOWICZ. 11 





34. Vidy nkolayevskoy zhelyeznoy dorogoy. (Views of the Nicholas 
Railway.) Fifty-six photographic views of the railway between St. 
Petersburg and Moscow (403 miles long), called the Nicholas Railway 
in honor of Emperor Nicholas I (1825-1855), under whose auspices it 
was built. Contained in a book-shaped case of morocco, stamped in 
gold. Height, 164 inches; width, 202 inches. (Cat. No. 255683, 
U.S.N.M.) 

35. Moskva. Podrobnoé istoricheskoé i arkheologicheskoé opisanie 
goroda. (Moscow. A detailed historical and archeological descrip- 
tion of the city.) By I. M. Snegirev. Volume I. Moscow, 1865. 
Pages Ixxvui and 210, quarto; with 1 chromolithographic plate, 
showing the arms of the city of Moscow, St. George slaying the 
dragon. Bound in russian leather, stamped in gold, with gilt edges. 
Height, 12 inches; width, 9 inches. (Cat. No. 255675, U.S.N.M.) 

36. Prilozheniya k pervomu tomu Moskvu. (Supplement to the 
first volume of the description of Moscow.) Consisting of a plan and 
two panoramas of the city of Moscow, in a portfolio of russian 
leather. Height, 14? inches; width, 114 inches. (Cat. No. 255679, 
U.S.N.M.) 

37. Sacristie Patriarchale dite Synodale de Moscou. (The patri- 
archal, called synodal, sacristy of Moscow.) A description of the 
ecclesiastical vestments and vessels preserved in the patriarchal or 
synodal vestry at Moscow. By Sabas, Bishop of Mozhaisk. Mos- 
cow, 1865. Pages 32, quarto, with 15 lithographic plates. Bound 
in russet leather in imitation of bark, with gilt edges. Height, 124 
inches; width, 94 inches. (Cat. No. 255650, U.S.N.M.) 

38, Paleograficheskie snumki s grecheskikh 0 slavyanskikh rukopisy 
moskovskomu synodalnomu biblioteki, vi-avu vyeka.  (Paleographical 
specimens of Greek and Slavonic manuscripts, from the sixth to the 
seventeenth centuries, in the Synodal library at Moscow.) By Sabas, 
Bishop of Mozhaisk. Moscow, 1863. Pages 46, quarto, with 60 
plates. Bound in russet leather in imitation of bark, with gilt edges. 
Height, 124 inches; width, 94 inches. (Cat. No. 255651, U.S.N.M.) 

39, Views of the Agricultural and Forest Academy of Peter the 
Great, near Moscow. August 15, 1866. Three photographic views 
of the agricultural and forest academy founded by Peter the Great 
near Moscow. Contained in portfolio of cloth. Height, 177 inches; 
width, 244 inches. (Cat. No. 255686, U.S.N.M.) 

40. Tzarskiya palaty. (The imperial palaces.) Thirteen chromo- 
lithographic views of the new imperial palace in the Kremlin at Mos- 
cow. By A. Prev, with a description in Russian and French. By 
A. Weltman. Moscow, 1851. Contained in a portfolio of half roan. 
Height, 25 inches; width, 18 inches. (Cat. No. 255687, U.S.N.M.) 

4l. Vidy pamyatnika tysyachalyetno rossi. (Views of the monu- 
ment erected, in 1862, at Novgorod, to commemorate the one thou- 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 38. 


sandth anniversary of the Russian Empire.) Fourteen photographs, 
in a book-shaped case of morocco. Height, 94 inches; width, 12? 
inches. (Cat. No. 255676, U.S.N.M.) 

42. Two photographs representing views of Kostroma, the birthplace 
of the Romanovs, the present dynasty on the Russian throne, in a 
folder of half roan. Height, 114 inches; width, 9 inches. (Cat. No. 
255672, U.S.N.M.) 

43. Istoricheskoé opisanie Kostromskavo ipatskavo monastyra. (His- 
torical description of the Ipatyev monastery at Kostroma.) By 
Archpriest Mikhail Diev. Moscow, 1858. The Ipatyev monastery 
dates from the fourteenth century. Michael Feodorovich, the first 
of the Romanovs (1613-1645), lived there when he was called to the 
Russian throne. Pages 90, octavo. Bound in paper in imitation of 
white moreen silk, with gilt edges. Height, 9 inches; width, 64 
inches. (Cat. No. 255668, U.S.N.M.) 

44. Lhivopisny Karamzin ili russkaya istoriya v kartinakh.  (Pie- 
torial Karamzin, or history of Russia in pictures.) By Andrew 
Prev. St. Petersburg, 1836-1844. One hundred and sixty illustra- 
tions, with explanatory text to the History of the Russian Empire, 
by Nicholas Mikhailovich Karamzin (1765-1826), which was first 
published in eleven volumes, St. Petersburg, 1816-1826. Issued in 
eleven fascicles and inserted in three ornamental folders of cardboard. 
Of folder 2 there is a duplicate in form of a bound volume. Height, 
9? inches; width, 7 inches. (Cat. No. 255646, U.S.N.M.) 

49. Russkiy istoricheskiy albom. (Russian historical album.) Con- 
taining 261 autographs, in various languages, of prominent person- 
ages, from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Moscow, 1855. 
Pages 44, quarto. Bound in cloth. Height, 134 inches; width, 103 
inches. Presented by Prince A. Sherbalov, mayor of Moscow, to 
Mr. Fox. (Cat. No. 255677, U.S.N.M.) 

46. The Russian Orthodox Church. A treatise of her origin and life. 
By Archpriest Bassanoff. Translated by Rev. N. Bjerring, priest of 
the Orthodox Eastern Church. New York, 1873. Pages 44, octavo. 
Paper. Height, 74 inches; width, 5 inches. (Cat. No. 255655, 
U.S.N.M.) 

47. Proyekt pravoslavnavo khrama vo imya Josifa Georgiya Zosimu. 
(Plan of an orthodox church in honor of St. Joseph George Zosimus.) 
By Architect Nicholas Khokhlov. April 4, 1866. Consisting of 4 
chromolithographs in a portfolio of morocco, stamped in gold, lined 
with brown moreen silk. Height, 24} inches; width, 184 inches. 
(Cat. No. 255684, U.S.N.M.) 

48. Llzslyedovaniya o sostoyanii rybolovstva v Rossvi. (Investigation 
of the condition of the fishery industry in Russia.) Seven quarto 
volumes. Published by the Ministry of Imperial Domains. St. 
Petersburg, 1860-1863. Contents: Volume 1, the fisheries in the 


No. 1725. FOX COLLECTION OF SOUVENIRS—CASANOWICZ. 13 





Chud and Pskov lakes and the Baltic Sea, pages 97, with a map of 
the Chud and Pskov lakes; volume 2, fisheries in the Caspian Sea, 
pages 213, with two maps of the Astrakhan waters and of the southern 
region of Transcaucasia; volume 3, description of the fisheries in the 
Ural, pages 106, with one plate; volume 4, technical description of 
the fisheries of the Caspian Sea, pages 141; volume 5, statistical tables 
of the fisheries of the Caspian Sea, pages 150; volume 6, the fishing 
and hunting industries in the White and Ice seas, pages 250, with two 
maps of the North Atlantic and Norway, respectively; volume 7, 
technical description of the fishing and hunting industries of the 
White and Ice seas, pages 108. Bound in half roan. Height, 124 
inches; width, 94 inches. (Cat. No. 255652, U.S.N.M.) 

49. Risunki k izslyedovaniyu Kaspiyskavo rybolovstva. (Drawings 
to the investigation of the fisheries of the Caspian Sea.) Chromo- 
lithographic representations of boats, nets, and other appliances 
used in the fishing industry. Published by the Ministry of Im- 
perial Domains. St. Petersburg, 1861. Bound in half roan, stamped 
in gold. Height, 18} inches; width, 14 inches. (Cat. No. 255652, 
U.S.N.M.) 

50. Atlas économico-statistique de la Russie d’ Europe. (Economico 
statistical atlas of European Russia.) Explanatory text. Pub- 
lished by the Ministry of Imperial Domains. St. Petersburg, 1857. 
Pages 104, octavo. Bound in half roan. Height, 94 inches; width, 
64 inches. (Cat. No. 255669, U.S.N.M.) 

51. La mine de graphite de Sibérve découverte en 1847. (The graphite 
mine of Siberia, discovered in 1847.) By M. J. P. Alibert. Paris, 
1865. Pages 134, octavo, with 6 plates. Bound in half morocco. 
Height, 11 inches; width, 74 inches. Presented by the author to 
Mr. Fox, August 29, 1866. (Cat. No. 255366, U.S.N.M.) 

52. Sobranie russkikh narodnykh pyesen. (A collection of Russian 
popular songs with variations for piano.) By Alexander Dyubyuk. 
Moscow, 1855. Quarto. Bound in russian leather, stamped in gold. 
Height, 13 inches; width, 10$inches. Presented by Nicholas Shcher- 
bin to Mr. Fox. (Cat. No. 255681, U.S.N.M.) 

53. Narodnyya russkiya pyesri. (Russian popular songs for solo, 
chorus, and piano.) Arranged by Ivan Rupin. Dedicated to the 
Empress Marie Alexandrovna. Quarto. Bound in russian leather, 
stamped in gold. Height, 104 inches; width, 134 inches. Presented 
by Nicholas Shcherbin to Mr. Fox. | (Cat. No. 255682, U.S.N.M.) 

54. Hight photographic views of Russian landscapes in portfolio of 
cloth. Presented by photographer M. Tulinov to Mr. Fox. Height, 
18% inches; width, 25 inches. (Cat. No. 255685, U.S.N.M.) 

55. Twenty-three photographic views of churches, palaces, institutions, 
monuments, etc., in various parts of Russia. (Cat. No. 255686, 


U.S.N.M.) 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





56. Six plates from the Arkhitekturny Vyestrik (Journal of Archi- 
tecture). (1) Fragments of ancient decorative paintings in churches 
near Novgorod (chromolithograph); (2) plan of the cathedral of St. 
Sophia in Novgorod (chromolithograph) ; (3) palace of Madame E. M. 
Baturlin in St. Petersburg (woodcut); (4) Tartar mosaics (chromo- 
lithograph); (5) palace of justice at Baku (woodcut); (6) marks of 
Slavonic manuscripts (chromolithograph). Bound in cardboards. 
Height, 14 inches; width, 10? inches. (Cat. No. 255678, U.S.N.M.) 

57. Russian manuscript containing ten religious and patriotic essays, 
with a preface containing an address to the American people, by 
Alexander Korobov. Bound inhalf roan. Height, 104 inches; width 
83 inches. (Cat. No. 255673, U.S.N.M.) 

58. Russian account of the official mission to Russia of Hon. G. V. 
Fox in 1866. Translated by S. N. Buynitzky. Washington, 1867. 
Contains chiefly a translation of the articles in the Kronstadt Herald 
relating to the American mission. Pages 62, octavo. Bound in 
morocco, stamped in gold. Height, 9inches; width, 5$inches. (Cat. 
No. 255664, U.S.N.M.) 

59. Narrative of the Mission to Russia in 1866 of the Hon. Gustavus 
Vasa Fox, Assistant Secretary of the Navy. From the journal and 
notes of J. F. Loubat. Edited by John D. Champlin, jr. New York, 
1873. Pages 444, octavo. With 13 portraits. Bound in cloth, with 
gold pressings. Height, 9} inches; width, 74 inches. (Cat. No. 
255303, U.S.N.M.) 

60. Package of newspaper clippings relating to the American mis- 
sion to Russia under Hon. G. V. Fox. (Cat. No. 255642, U.S.N.M.) 


OTHER OBJECTS INCLUDED IN THE FOX COLLECTION. 


61. Complimentary banquet given by the city council of Boston to 
Rear-Admiral. Lessoffsky and the officers of the Russian fleet at the 
Revere House, June 7, 1864. Contains an account of the visit of the 
Russian squadron under Rear-Admiral Lessoffsky in American waters 
in 1864 and the festivities given in its honor in Boston. Boston, 
1864. Pages 58, octavo. Paper. Height, 9} inches; width, 53 
inches. (Cat. No. 255662, U.S.N.M.) 

62. His Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Alexis in the United States 
of America during the winter of 1871-72. Contains the itinerary of 
the Grand Duke Alexis, fourth son of Emperor Alexander II in the 
United States, which extended from November 20, 1871, to Febru- 
ary 22, 1872. Cambridge, 1872. Pages 223, octavo. Bound in 
morocco, richly stamped in gold, with gilt edges. Height, 104 inches; 
width, 7 inches. (2 copies, Cat. No. 255671, U.S.N.M.) 

63. Package of newspaper clippings relating to the visit of Grand 
Duke Alexis in the United States during the winter of 1871-72. (Cat. 
No. 255641, U.S.N.M.) 


tite t 


i a ai ei 


wo. 1725. FOX COLLECTION OF SOUVENIRS—CASANOW CZ. iS 








64. Svenska  Nationaltrdgter. (Swedish National Costumes.) 
Album of 12 chromolithographs. Bound in leather. Height, 6 
inches; width, 5 inches. (Cat. No. 255658, U.S.N.M.) 

65. Sveriges Historia. (Swedish History.) One part. By Oskar 
Montelius, Hans Hildebrand, Oskar Alin, Martin Weibull, Rudolf 
Tengberg, and John Hellstenius. Stockholm, 1877. Pages 96, 
octavo. Paper. Height, 9; inches; width, 6} inches. (Cat. No. 
255659, U.S.N.M.) 

66. Bronze medal commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the 
Societa Ligure di Storia Patria in Genoa, Italy. On the obverse is the 
seated figure of Cafaro, a statesman of Genoa, died 1163, author of a 
history of Genoa; on the reverse, a dedication and the dates 1858— 
1908. Diameter, 1? inches. (Cat. No. 255160, U.S.N.M.) 

67. The case of the United States to be laid before the Tribunal of Arbi- 
tration, to be convened at Geneva under the provisions of the treaty 
between the United States of America and Her Majesty the Queen of 
Great Britain, concluded at Washington May 8, 1871. Washington, 
1872. Pages 204, octavo, with one map. Bound in cloth. Height, 
9 inches; width, 6 inches. (Cat. No. 255653, U.S.N.M.) 

6S. Report of the joint select committee to inquire into the condition 
of affairs in the late insurrectionary States. Made to the two Houses 
of Congress, February 10, 1872. Washington, 1872. Pages 632, 
octavo. Bound incloth. Height, 9} inches; width, 6 inches. (Cat. 
No. 255688, U.S.N.M.) 





PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 1 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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ON CIN 
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ON SAND-BARITES FROM KHARGA, EGYPT. 


By Josern E. Pocus, 
Assistant Curator, Division of Mineralogy, U.S. National Museum. 


Introduction.—Calcite, gypsum, and barite are distinguished, 
above all other minerals, by the large quantities of sand which they 
can inclose upon crystallization, without being materially hindered 
in the development of crystal outline. As examples of the first, 
there come to mind the well-known sand-calcites of Fontainebleau, 
France, containing 50 to 60 per cent sand, which have been described 
by Lassone * and Haity; ® and the siliceous calcites from the Bad 
Lands of South Dakota, with 60 to 63 per cent of rounded quartz 
grains, accounts of which have been given by Penfield and Ford © 
and by Barbour.¢ Examples of the second are not so familiar, 
but gypsum including fine sand is found in Sussex, New Brunswick ;° 
Carecote, Bolivia;’ and*some other localities. Sand-barites are also 
uncommon. It is the purpose of this paper to recount the localities 
where these, as well as baritic sandstones, occur; and to describe, 
from a new locality,’ an unusually full suite of crystals and groups 
acquired in November, 1909, by the U.S. National Museum (Cat. 
No. 86580). 

Historical.—The first mention of arenaceous barites appears to be 
in 1853, when Reuss” called attention to thin tabular crystals inclos- 
ing much sand, which had been discovered at Tetschen, near Treb- 
nitz, Bohemia. 





@Mem. Acad. Roy. Paris, 1775, p. 65. 

6 Traite de Mineralogie, vol. 1, 1822, p. 424. 

¢ Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 9, 1900, pp. 352-354. 

@d Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 12, 1901, pp. 165-178. Also Barbour and F\sher, 
Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 14, 1902, pp. 451-454. 

¢ Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 35, 1863, p. 213. 

J Verh. Verein Santiago, Chile, vol. 2, 1892, p. 238. 

9M. J. Couyat (La célestite et la barytite d’Egypte. Bull. Soc. Min. France, 
vol. 31, 1908, p. 298) devotes a half page to a brief account of clear crystals of barite 
from Kharga, showing the following formse (001), (110), (O11), (010), (180), (210), 
(102), (111). These, however, do not contain sand. 

XA. E. Reuss, [Note], Lotos, Zeitschr. fiir Naturw., Prague, vol. 3, 1853, p. 72. 





PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38, No. 1726. 
Proc.N.M.vol.88—10——2 17 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. You. 38. 


The following year Bischof % stated that sandstone cemented by 
barium sulphate occurs at Miinzenberg, in the Wetterau district of 
Germany; and that in the district of Kreuznach and near Leipzig, 
Germany, and in the vicinity of Bologna, Italy, are found globular 
concretions composed of sand, barite, and some clay. 

In 1868 Laspeyres,’ in discussing the wells near Dirkheim, in 
Bavaria, Germany, said that baritic sandstone had been encountered 
in a bore hole at depths of 330 and 820 feet. 

In 1883 Zittel* reported that, during an exploration of the Lybian 
Desert of northeastern Africa, he had gathered rounded and slightly 
flattened sand-barite concretions from the isolated mountain of Gella 
Siui, between Bauite and Hiss. 

In 1889 Clowes ? announced that some of the Triassic sandstones 
near Nottingham, England, are cemented with 33 to 50 per cent 
barium sulphate. He directed attention in particular to a sand- 
stone pillar, some 30 feet in height and 70 feet in circumference, 
which is crowned by a flattened mushroom-like cap of baritic sand- 
stone. 

In 1897 Polak ®¢ described crystals of barite from a railroad cut 
near Tetschen-Bodenbach, Bohemia, and said that some of these 
contain included quartz grains. 

The year following, Moore / added another locality, near Bidston 
Hill, in the Triassic of England. There the barite is present in 
quantities up to 34 per cent as a cement in globular sand concretions, 
the size of walnuts, which weather out from the sandstone. 

In 1899 Clowes’ referred to his previous communication, and 
stated further that barium sulphate is not rare among the Triassic 
sandstones of England. The same year, Wedd” mentioned the pres- 
ence of baritic sandstone in North Staffordshire. 

a@G. Bischof, Chemical and Physical Geology, vol. 1, 1854, p. 433. 

6H. Laspeyres, Kreuznach und Diirkheim a. d. Hardt. Zeitschr. Deutsch. 
Geol. Ges., vol. 20, 1868, p. 174. 

ce K. A. Zittel, Beitrage zur geologie der Libyschen Wiiste. Palaeontographica, 
vol. 30, 1883, p. 121. 

@¥. Clowes, Barium sulphate as a cement in sandstone. Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. 
46, 1889, pp. 363-368. | 

eJ. M. Polak, Ueber Baryt krystalle von der Bohemia bei Tetschen-Bodenbach. 
Sitzungsb. Deutsch. Nat. Med. Ver. Lotos. Prague, vol. 17, 1897, pp. 78-80. | 

/©. ©. Moore, The Chemical examination of sandstone from Prenton Hill and 
Bidston Hill. Proc. Liverpool Geol. Soc., vol. 8, 1898, pp. 241-267. Especially pp. 
266-267. 

gl. Clowes, Deposition of barium sulphate as a cementing material in sandstone. 
Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. 64, 1899, pp. 374-377. 

h©. B. Wedd, Note on barium sulphate in the Bunter sandstone of North Stafford- 
shire. Geol. Mag., vol. 6, 1899, p. 508. 


no. 1726. ON SAND-BARITES FROM EGYPT—POGUE. 19 


In 1900 Delkeskamp” gave an extensive paper on sand-barites in 
the Wetterau and Rheinhessen districts of Germany, in which he 
described rosettes and concretionary forms from the Tertiary sand- 
stones. The concretions are sometimes hollow and contain barite 
crystals. 

In 1901, Beadnell? found numerous specimens of ‘“ crystal- 
lized barytes-sandstone” in the Dakhla Oasis of Egypt. These 
are briefly described as tabular crystals, often intergrown into 
masses of various sizes, and having a specific gravity of 3.25 and 
silica content of 55 per cent. In the same year Mackie® cited the 
occurrence of arenaceous barite in the form of nodules disseminated 
through the Triassic sandstone along the coast of Elginshire, England. 

In 1902, Delkeskamp @ included in a second paper an account of 
the sand-barites from Rockenberg and Vilbel, Wetterau; and 
Kreuznach, Rheinhessen. In Rockenberg occur well-developed 
rosettes or ‘‘roses,’’ often uniting in extensive groups; and larger, 
spherical concretions, frequently slightly intergrown.¢ The Vilbel 
forms are prominently tabular and simpler. The Kreuznach indi- 
viduals are mostly spherical and possess an inner radial structure; 
they are frequently intergrown and show strange shapes, resembling 
pears, turnips, etc. From 20 to 30 per cent sand is present in the 
various occurrences. 

In 1906 Nichols’ described sand-barites from near Muskogee, 
Oklahoma. These are rosettes made of intergrown plates and are 
somewhat rounded by wind action. The content of angular quartz 
fragments is 37 per cent. The U.S. National Museum possesses 
specimens from near Bavaria, Saline County, Kansas (Cat. No. 
85275), which are very similar to those from Oklahoma. 

Occurrence.—The specimens to be herein described were collected 
by Dr. A. Hrdliéka, of the U.S. National Museum, while on an anthro- 
pological expedition to Egypt in 1909. They occur in the Lybian 
Desert, and more particularly in the central part of the Kharga 


@R. Delkeskamp, Schwerspatvorhommnisse in der Wetterau und Rheinhessen und 
ihre Entstehung. Notizbl. Ver. Erdkunde, vol. 21, 1900, pp. 47-83. 

6H. J. L. Beadnell, Dakhla Oasis: Its topography and geology. Egypt. Geol. Surv. 
Rept., 1901. 

¢W. Mackie, The occurrence of barium sulphate and calcium fluoride as cementing 
substances in the Elgin Trias. Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci., 1901, p. 649. 

@R. Delkeskamp. Ueber die Krystallisationsfaihigkeit von Kalkspat, Schwerspat, 
und Gyps bei ungewohnlich grosser Menge eingeschlossenen Quarzsandes. Zeitschr. 
Naturw., Halle, vol. 75, 1902, pp. 185-208. 

¢The National Museum possesses specimens from Rockenberg, Cat. No. 80612. 

JH. W. Nichols, Sand-barite crystals from Oklahoma. [Jn New forms of concre- 
tions.] Pubi. Field Col. Mus., Geol. Ser., publ. 111, vol. 3, 1900, pp. 31-35. 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Oasis near the village of Kharga, which is about 300 miles south of 
Cairo and nearly 100 miles west of the Nile. There are several 
ranges of small mountains within the oasis, and in the foothills of one 
of these, on a conical hill about 20 feet high, the specimens were 
found lying loose in the sand. In a few places is exposed the solid 
rock, which is doubtless the Nubian sandstone of Upper Cretaceous 
age, that plays so important a part in the scenery of northeastern 
Africa. 

To convey a better idea of the region, the following description is 
excerpted from an article by a former member of the Egyptian 
Geological Survey: 

The Lybian Desert is the easternmost and most unhospitable portion of the Sahara 
or Great Desert of Africa. The region is practically rainless and the greater portion 
is quite devoid of vegetation, and is uninhabited even by nomad tribes. The extreme 
barrenness of the desert as a whole, however, is in great measure counterbalanced by 
a number of isolated, highly fertile oases, in which there is a permanent resident 
population. The chief groups of oases are the Siwan on the north, that of Kufra on 
the west, and the Egyptian, including the four large oases of Baharia, Farafra, Dakhla, 
and Kharga, on the east. The Egyptian oases occupy extensive depressions cut 
down nearly to sea level through the generally horizontal Cretaceous and Tertiary 
rocks forming the Lybian desert plateau. These depressions owe their origin in great 
measure to the differential effect of subaerial denudation acting on rock masses of 
varying hardness and composition. 

Description.—The suite contains some eighty-five representative 
specimens, ranging from simple rounded tablets to very involved 
intergrowths, and varying in size from three-fourths inch (19 mm.) 
to 23 inches (70 mm.) in diameter. They are composed of about 
equal percentages of quartz sand and the mineral barite or heavy 
spar, and in color and luster resemble maple sugar. Their surface 
has a fine-granular appearance because the rounded quartz grains 
protrude yery slightly from the baritic cement. The only crystal 
face present is the basal plane ¢ (001), which, however, is univer- 
sally developed and controls the habit of every unit and compound. 

The simplest form, which may be considered the fundamental one, 
since it enters into the makeup of every aggregate, is occasionally found 
in single development, as shown in figs. 1 and 4, plate 9. This is a 


oe et ee 


flat crystal bounded above and below by basal planes and circular — 


in outline with scalloped border. To one looking down upon an 
edge it has the appearance of being laminated or twinned parallel to 
the base, and possibly represents a serrate-edged group produced by 


« A. Geike, Textbook of Geology, vol. 2, p. 1207. 

bu. J. L. Beadnell, Flowing wells and subsurface water in Kharga Oasis. Geol. 
Mag., vol. 5, 1908, pp. 49-57; 102-108. For a very entertaining account of this oasis, 
which combines scientific accuracy with liveliness of portrayal, the reader is referred 
to a recently published book by the same author, entitled An Egyptian Oasis; an 
account of the Oasis of Kharga in the Lybian Desert. London, 1909. 


No. 1726. ON SAND-BARITES FROM EGYPT—POGUE. ot 





the parallel growth of small plates. Its rounded contour is in all 
probability due to a concretionary tendency; that is to say, its 
imperfect crystal form is supposed to be the resultant of two mole- 
cular forces, the one striving for the formation of crystal outline, the 
other intent upon the development of concretionary structure, and 
each partly successful. In other words, the completion of the con- 
cretion was prevented by the development of two crystal planes— 
the very two planes, indeed, which in barite are potentially the 
most powerful, as evidenced by their universal occurrence and the 
perfect cleavage parallel to them. The tablet can not owe its 
rounded outline to the carving effect of wind-blown sand, for simi- 
lar shapes are found in protected positions within complex groups, 
nor is there ever any sign of differential abrasion. 

A second type, more complicated, is shown in figs. 2, 3, 6, and 7, 
where two or more plates similar to the one described above inter- 
penetrate. There is universally a central tablet, to which the others 
are variously inclined, and the several components apparently pos- 
sess a b-axis in common. Usually two oppositely-inclined plates 
(fig. 2) make angles of 30°% with a central one, though angles of 12° 
and 45° are not uncommon, and those of 65°, 70°, and even 90° 
(fig. 7) are occasionally met with. Many of these inclinations may 
be included in a single group; or by various permutations of two 
similarly inclined plates with one or more differently inclined even 
more complex assemblages may be formed. 

Other still more involved growths have, in addition to plates 
crossing with 6-axes in common, other plates variously inclined to 
these. The common disposition thus effected is shown in figs. 8 and 
10, where three plates are inclined 30° to the base of a central 
plate, with angles of about 120° to 150° between their own 
planes. From above a three-sided, hopper-shaped appearance. is 
presented. Evidently in such occurrences one or more of the plates 
fail to have even a single axis in common with the other plates pos- 
sessing a mutual b-axis. Occasionally, too, a four-sided hopper is 
developed, as shown in figs. 9 and 11, where two of the secondarily 
inclined plates have opposite inclinations in respect to each other. 
Not infrequently the two patterns just described will be seen on the 
same specimen, the one on one side and the other on the other. In- 
deed, throughout the entire suite the two sides of the central tablet 
are almost invariably differently modified. Again, there are spher- 
ical skeleton forms, composed of many thin plates of nearly like 
diameter, resembling the rosettes from Rockenberg described by 


Delkeskamp.’ 


«The angles are only approximate, as exact measurements could not be made. 
» Zeitschr. Naturw, Halle, vol. 75, 1902. 


7S) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 





Upon the types described are frequently subsidiary growths, giving 
rise to strange and ungainly forms. An example is shown in fig. 13, 
where a slinder pile of small tablets has grown out at an angle from 
the main mass. There is evidently little regularity in the manner of 
attachment of these secondary members. 

Symmetrical rosettes of the nature shown in fig. 5 are rare. Their 
regularity of structure is interesting. They are built up from a cen- 
tral plate by the piling around of other and smaller plates, with ever 
increasing inclinations to the central one, until the uppermost is 
nearly on edge. During their growth the c-axis of the consecutive 
individuals departs more and more from a vertical position, and the 
b-axis, so to speak, makes many complete revolutions in its several 
positions. 

Fig. 12 represents the rare occurrence of two aggregates slightly 
intergrown. There are only two other cases of attachment in the 
entire suite. S 

An unusual radiate assemblage, composed of numerous elongated 
plates diverging from a center, is shownin fig.14. This well illustrates 
the existence of two molecular forces of a somewhat different order, 
the one developing thin tables and the other uniting these in a com- 
mon point. 

Finally, fig. 15 pictures a development represented only twice in 
the present collection and resembling some of the barites from Vilbel, 
Germany, as described by Delkeskamp.* This example consists of 
a thin, irregular sheet, with a surface of numerous globular masses, 
2 to 5 mm. in diameter. It is entirely concretionary in nature (as 
the microscope also shows) and would seem to represent a case in 
which the crystallizing force was insufficient to inhibit a complete 
concretionary development. 

Microscopie.—Several thin slices of the specimens were studied 
under the microscope. Three cases were considered: 

1. Sections cut parallel to the basal plane, ec. These show numer- 
ous rounded and some angular quartz grains, set in a cement of 
barite. The grains are usually from 0.25 to 0.5 mm. in diameter, and 
are rarely in contact with one another. The barite has the same 
orientation throughout, extinguishing simultaneously. It possesses 
two good cleavages parallel to the m (111) faces and crossing at angles 
of 78° and 102°; the more perfect basal cleavage is in the plane of 
the slide, and consequently not visible. A small amount of yellow, 
opaque, pulverulent limonite is present, either staining slightly the 
cleavage cracks of the barite and the edges of the quartz grains or 
forming small aggregates. No other constituents could be deter- 
mined. The material is remarkably clean and pure. 


a Zeitschr. Naturw, Halle, vol. 75, 1902. 





No. 1726. ON SAND-BARITES FROM EGYPT—POGUE. we 





2. Slide prepared at right angles to a penetration twin, a micro- 
photograph of which is reproduced in the accompanying figure. The 
quartz presents the same features as in case 1. The barite, however, 
shows the perfect ¢ or basal cleavage, dividing the mineral into long 
strips, with the less prominent m cleavages at right angles. There 
are two individuals, each of which extinguishes in polarized light as 
a unit, and has the same orientation of cleavage throughout. The 
extinction is parallel to the ¢ cleavage, and the angle measured 
between the twinned parts is 30°. 





PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF A THIN SLICE OF SAND-BARITE, CUT AT RIGHT ANGLES TO A PENETRATION TWIN 
OF TWO TABULAR INDIVIDUALS CROSSING AT AN ANGLE OF 80°. POLARIZED LIGHT; MAGNIFICATION 
ABOUT 25 DIAMETERS. ROUNDED AND SLIGHTLY ANGULAR QUARTZ GRAINS ARE ABUNDANTLY INTER- 
SPERSED IN A GROUND OF REGULARLY ORIENTED BARITE, THE INDIVIDUAL TO THE RIGHT Is 
NEARLY EXTINGUISHED, WHILE THE ONE TO THE LEFT IS BRIGHTLY ILLUMINATED. THE BASAL 
CLEAVAGE MAY BE SEEN IN EACH. 

3. Cross-section of the concretionary specimen shown in fig. 15. 
In this the barite is without regular orientation of cleavage, and its 
extinction is undulatory. At no time during the revolution of the 
stage does the baritic matrix become dark. This example differs 
markedly, therefore, from the other instances in that the barite pos- 
sesses no continuity of arrangement. 

Chemical.—The percentage of sand in different specimens was found 
to vary. The limits are 44 and 53 per cent sand, with values between 


24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


these figures. An average of five determinations for specific gravity 
gives 3.26. The silica content, calculated from this value, is 53.5 
per cent. 

Genesis.—The specimens were probably formed during the consoli- 
dation of the Nubian Sandstone in Upper Cretaceous or later time by 
the deposition from solution of barium sulphate in the interstices of 
a loose sand. The linear force of crystallization pushed the sand 
grains slightly apart, and the less well-understood power, which makes 
for an orderly molecular arrangement, developed an outer form in 
keeping with an inner structure. 


— 


a 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 9 





REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS OF SAND-BARITE FROM KHARGA, EGYPT. ABOUT }% NAT. SIZE. 


FOR DETAILED DESCRIPTION SEE PAGES 20 TO 22, 


a 


THE BIRDS COLLECTED AND OBSERVED DURING THE 
CRUISE OF THE UNITED STATES FISHERIES STEAMER 
“ALBATROSS” IN THE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN, AND IN 
THE BERING, OKHOTSK, JAPAN, AND EASTERN SEAS, 
FROM APRIL TO DECEMBER, 1906. 


By Austin HoBart CuiaRrK, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U.S. National Museum. 


The 1906 cruise of the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross 
had for its especial object the investigation of the fish and fisheries 
of the Japanese seas, where the ship spent most of the time. The 
journey out was made by way of the Aleutian Islands, at several of 
which we stopped, Petropaulski, Kamchatka, and the Kuril islands. 
We returned by way of Honolulu. As the purpose of the expedition 
was the investigation of fish and marine invertebrates, and the ship 
was usually occupied in work offshore, my opportunities for collect- 
ing birds were rather limited, especially as my time was largely taken 
up by my duties in connection with the marine work, as the repre- 
sentative of the Bureau of Fisheries. I brought back about 180 
skins, chiefly from the Aleutian and Kuril islands and from Kam- 
chatka. In addition to these many dead birds were examined and 
identified, but not preserved, mainly on account of their bulk, which 
would have necessitated devoting more time to them than I could 
spare. I kept very full notes at all times during the trip, and these, 
together with the specimens, form the basis of the present paper. 

During the trip of the Albatross I was afforded every possible 
facility for ornithological work by the commanding officer, the late 
Commander Leroy M. Garrett, U. S. Navy, and after his untimely 
loss, in a prolonged spell of exceptionally heavy weather between 
Yokohama and Honolulu, by his successor, Lieut. Arthur J. Hep- 
burn, U.S. Navy. 

We left Sausalito, near San Francisco, on May 3, 1906, at 4.40 
p- m., and sailed up the coast of California and Oregon to Puget 
Sound, arriving at Tacoma at 8 p.m. on the evening of the 9th. We 
left early the next morning for Dockton, Washington, where we went 
into dry dock. IT spent that afternoon, the next day, and the follow- 
ing morning ashore hunting birds. We left at 4 p.m. on the 11th, 
going through the Colvos Passage to the Puget Sound Navy Yard at 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 38—No. 1727. 


26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 





Bremerton, where we arrived at about 7 p.m. Lieutenant Hepburn | 
and I went by a local boat to Seattle the next morning on business, | 
the Albatross meeting us there in the afternoon. 
We left Seattle at 10.35 a. m. on the 13th, arriving at Union Bay, 
Vancouver Island, at 7 a. m. the next morning. I had two and 
a half days ashore here. We left at 7 a.m. on the 17th, and passed 
up the inland passage between Vancouver Island and the mainland, 
anchoring over night in Forward Bay, Johnstone Strait. At 6 a.m. 
on the 18th we got underway, stood westward through Johnstone 
Strait, and took the great circle course for Unalaska, where we 
secured to the wharf at Dutch Harbor at 4.19 p. m. on the 24th. 
We left Dutch Harbor early in the morning of the 28th, bound for 
Atka, where we arrived at 6.45 a. m. on the 30th, anchoring in Nazan 
Bay. Onthe way from Unalaska to Atka we passed close to that most 
interesting trio (previously pair) of volcanic islands, the Bogoslovs. 
Leaving Atka at 6.05 a. m. on the 31st, we cruised about in Bering 
Sea in a general northerly direction, passing over Bower’s Bank, our 
farthest north being lat. 54° 32’ 30’” N., which we reached in long. 
179° 16’ 00” E. on June 3 (omitting June 2). From Bower’s Bank 
we went southward past Semisopochnoi and Amchitka, then in a 
westerly direction to Agattu, where we anchored, in McDonald Bay, 
at 7.51 p.m. onJune 7. I spent the next morning ashore, but I had 
not got very far inland when I heard the whistle of the steamer and 
hastened back to the beach to find that in the meantime a wind had 
risen directly on shore which threatened to make the anchorage dan- 
gerous for the ship; even as it was we had a very hard pull back. I 
was forced to abandon a number of specimens here, all large birds, 
which I had shot and ‘‘cached”’ at various places, as the hurry call 
from the steamer compelled me to take the shortest route to the 
beach, and returning the way I had come would have entailed con- 
siderable delay. We left Agattu at 6.50 p.m. on the 8th for Attu, 
passing the Semichi Islands, and anchoring in Chichagof Harbor, 
Attu, at 4.12 p. m. on the 9th. I spent the evening ashore here, all 
the next day, and the morning of the 11th. We left at 3.59 p. m. 
on that date, and did some deep-sea work between Attu and Copper 
Island, arriving at Preobrajenia Bay, Copper Island, at 9.30 a. m. on 
June 13. Here I spent the afternoon and evening ashore. We left 
at 7 a. m. on the 14th, and at 9.10 a. m. on the 15th anchored in 
Nikolskoi Bay, Bering Island. I went ashore as soon as possible, 
returning about 8.30 p.m. We got underway at 5.05 a. m. on the 16th, 
and at 4.37 p. m. on the 17th arrived in Petropaulski, Kamchatka. 
We left Petropaulski at 8.20 a. m. on the 20th, sailing south along the 
Kamchatkan coast, rounding Cape Lopatka and sailing up the west 
coast to the mouth of the Aangan River, in about lat. 51° 30’ 00” 
N. From this point we went south along the Kurils to Simushir, 
where at 8.27 a. m. on June 23 we came to anchor in Milne Bay. 


no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS * CRUISE—CLARK. ae 


At 8.05 the next morning we were again underway, and proceeded 
south, arriving in Hakodate, Japan, at 11.53 on June 27. On July 
5 we made a short trip to Mororan for coal, returning on the 7th; on 
the 16th we left Hakodate for the Japan Sea, where we stayed 
nearly a month, calling in at an anchorage 2 miles north of Kodomari 
(July 16), Ebisu Byochi, Sado Island (July 18), Nanao (July 20), 
Tsuruga (July 23), Saigo Minato Harbor, Oki Islands (July 25), 
Matsushima (July 28), and Nagasaki (August 3). From Nagasaki 
we went southward among the Linschoten Islands, as far as lat. 
29° 51’ 00” N., long. 131° 02’ 00” E., thence north to Kagoshima, 
where we arrived on August 17. From Kagoshima we went eastward 
along the southern Japanese coast, calling in at a harbor near Wado 
Misaki light (August 24), and going through the Inland Sea to Kobé, 
where we arrived on the 25th. We left Kobéon the 27th for Yokohama, 
calling at Yura-no-Uchi (August 27) and Oshima Ko (August 28, 29, 
and 30), and arriving on September 2. We left Yokohama on Sep- 
tember 14, called in again at Hakodate on the 17th, at Iwanai, in 
Iwanai Byochi, on the 19th, at Otaru on the 20th, and on the 24th 
reached Korsakoff, Sakhalin, where I had a morning ashore. Before 
calling at Korsakoff we went up the west coast of Sakhalin (Gulf of 
Tartary) as far as lat. 47° 39’ 00” N., which point we reached on 
September 23. From Korsakoff we went up the east coast of Sakhalin 
as far as Cape Patience (‘‘Terpenia’’) (September 27), then across 
the Okhotsk Sea to the southernmost Kurils, and down the coast of 
Yezo to Hakodate, which we reached on October 4... From Hakodate 
we went south along the east coast of Hondo, anchoring off the 
village of Kugunari, To Shima peninsula, on the night of the 9th, and 
reaching Shimidzu in Suruga Gulf on the 12th. We worked in this 
- vicinity until the 18th, returning to Shimidzu every night; on that 
date we left, cruising about to the southward until the 21st, when 
we called at Monagawa village in Fuki Ura, Sagami Kai. We worked 
about here, returning every night until the 25th, when we left for 
Yokohama, anchoring that night in Kaneda Bay, and reaching the 
Yokohama lght-ship the next evening. On November 10 we left 
Yokohama for Honolulu, arriving on the 24th after a fifteen days’ 
trip, and proceeding on December 2 to San Francisco, where we 
dropped anchor on the evening of the 10th. 

A preliminary paper dealing with the new forms which I detected 
among the material studied in connection with this report was pub- 
lished in these Proceedings, vol. 32, pp. 467-475. In that paper I 
took occasion to call attention to the peculiarities of that curious 
finch, the Emberiza variabilis of Temminck, by erecting a new genus, 
Tisa, for its reception, a course long ago suggested by Doctor 
Stejneger.@ 


a2Bull. 29, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885, p. 247. 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


A second paper dealing with the habits of the more common 
Kamchatkan birds was published in The Auk, vol. 24, 1907, pp. 
278-280. 

I have adhered to the classification given in the American Orni- 
thologists’ Union check list, in spite of the fact that I consider it 
decidedly out of date, for the reason that, as this paper will be of 
most interest to American ornithologists, an arrangement familiar 
to them will have, in so far as they are concerned, certain advantages 
and will be much more convenient to use. Had this paper included 
only extra American species, I should have adopted the classification 
of Prof. Hans Gadow, as emended by subsequent authors, as I did 
in my papers on West Indian birds. 

Before joining the Albatross I made a thorough study of the sea 
birds of the north Pacific, especially in regard to the most signifi- 
‘ant and striking differential characters, so that I might be able to 
identify them with certainty. Observations were made constantly 
with a good pair of marine binoculars while on shipboard. Previ- 
ous experience with the land birds of both the nearctic and pale- 
arctic regions in the field made the work on shore comparatively 
easy, so far as determination of species was concerned. 

The vernacular names of American birds are, of course, those of 
the check list published by the American Ornithologists’ Union. 
Dr. Leonhard Stejneger’s various papers on Japanese birds, See- 
bohm’s Birds of the Japanese Empire, and other standard works 
have been consulted for appropriate names for purely Asiatic species, 
while to the English names of Kamechatkan and Kurilian birds I 
have added the local Russian and native names, taken from Doctor 
Stejneger’s works on the birds of Kamchatka and the Commander 
Islands and on the birds of the Kuril Islands. 


Order PY GOPODES. 


Suborder PODICIPEDES. 
family PODICIPID/. 


#2CHMOPHORUS OCCIDENTALIS (Lawrence). 
WESTERN GREBE. 

This grebe was common in San Francisco Bay on the day we left, 
and we also found it common in the more open parts of Puget Sound. 
COLYMBUS AURITUS Linneus. 

HORNED GREBE. 

Rather common in Puget Sound, especially before reaching Port 
Townsend. In going up the Sound to Tacoma sea birds were very 
abundant until we were off Port Townsend, when their numbers 
rapidly diminished, and from then on, except for gulls and certain 
ducks, we saw comparatively few. 





no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 29 








Suborder CEPPHI. 
Family GAVIID. 


GAVIA PACIFICA (Lawrence). 
PACIFIC LOON. 


Common off the mouth of the Columbia River, and again in Puget 
Sound as far as Port Townsend. Several were seen at Union Bay, 
Vancouver Island, and in the passage between Vancouver Island and 
the mainland, especially about the head of Georgia Gulf, where they 
were common. A single bird of this species was seen on one of the 
lakes on Agattu, and two near the beach at Simushir, in the Kurils. 


GAVIA ARCTICA (Linnzus). 


BLACK-THROATED LOON. 


A single example of this species was seen flying over the sand bar 
separating the large pond from the sea behind the town of Petro- 
paulski, Kamchatka. 


GAVIA STELLATA (Pontoppidan). 


RED-THROATED LOON. 


Seen at sea off the mouth of the Columbia River, and in Puget 
Sound, but not met with past Port Townsend. A pair was observed 
near the shore at Agattu, a single bird at Atka, and a pair on a small 
pond on Bering Island. 


Family ALCID. 
Subfamily FRATHRCU LIN 4. 
LUNDA CIRRHATA Pallas. 


TUFTED PUFFIN. TOPOROK. ETUBIRGA. STUPIRE. 


We first met with the Tufted Puffin the day after leaving San 
Francisco, when two were observed at sea; after that they became 
rather more common, occasional individuals, pairs, or small com- 
panies of three or four being seen all the way up to Puget Sound, 
except on the morning of May 8, at which time we were off the mouth 
of the Columbia River. In the Sound they were very common, 
usually in pairs, until the vicinity of Port Townsend was reached, 
after which none were seen until we passed Port Townsend again 
going north. In the passage between Vancouver Island and_ the 
mainland none were met with; but soon after we reached the open 
sea they reappeared, though in small numbers, and were observed 
continuously until we reached the Aleutian chain, becoming gradually 
more common as we approached Unalaska, being especially abundant 
in Unalga Pass, between Akutan and Unalaska. All about the shores 
of Unalaska and the neighboring islands, and everywhere we went 
in Bering Sea, they were common. On May 28 we visited the Bogos- 


30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


lov Islands, a group of three small volcanic islands, one of which was 
first reported in 1796, another in 1884, while the third we were 
fortunate enough to be the first to observe. This newest island 
was still steaming violently from fissures over its entire surface, but 
the other two islands were apparently cold. About Castle Island 
(which was the first to have been reported) could be seen with a glass 
myriads of sea birds, flying all about the shores, over the sea, and 
to a considerable height over the land. I have never anywhere seen 
any approach to the enormous number of birds about this island. 
On the sea in this vicinity large numbers of this species were seen, 
but even more numerous were the murres (Uria); so, as no other 
species of the family were observed, I judged that these were the birds 
which chiefly made up the vast numbers seen over the land. I may 
also mention that about the shores of Castle Island we saw many 
sea lions (Humetopias stelleri), this being the only place where we 
found them in abundance. ’ 

About the rocky shores of Atka we saw the Tufted Puffin frequently, 
though in the parts we visited it could not be called abundant. At 
Agattu, however, it was the most numerous sea bird, occurring by 
hundreds along the cliffs and bluffs in the vicinity of Macdonald Bay 
where we lay at anchor. Most of them were flying aimlessly back 
and forth along the coast, now and then taking short excursions out 
over the sea only to return a few minutes later, while many were 
sitting on the water. We found dozens of their burrows on shore, 
mainly along the gravelly grass-covered bluffs facing the sea, but 
also along the sides of a ravine which makes inland half a mile or 
more from the coast from the head of Macdonald Bay. Most of the 
burrows (which are somewhat large for the size of the bird and 
resemble those made by foxes) were rather high, the lowest being 
some 15 or 20 feet above the beach, and in the ravine they chose 
the steepest places, near the top. No eggs were found, although many 
of the birds were seen to come out of the burrows, and one was 
captured by some sailors from the ship before it had time to get 
away. Perhaps this was largely due to a rather general reluctance 
on the part of the men to investigate deep holes tenanted by birds 
with such formidable beaks. 

After leaving Agattu we found these birds common off Semichi, 
about Attu and Copper Island, and everywhere at sea. On Torporkov 
(‘‘Puffin’’) Island, at the entrance to-the harbor of Nikolskoi, Bering 
Island, we found them by thousands, and they were especially abun- 
dant on the water in the outer harbor. 

On the way from Bering Island to Petropaulski they were not at 
all numerous; they were rather common about Avacha Bay, but 
the numbers here could not be compared with those about the 
western Aleutian or Commander islands. We saw them frequently 


kee a 


—oo 


no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. SL 


down the Kamchatkan coast to Cape Lopatka, and up into the 
Okhotsk Sea as far as we went; they were rather common down the 
Kurils to Simushir, then occasional to the northern end of Yezo. 


FRATERCULA CORNICULATA (Naumann). 


HORNED PUFFIN. IPATKA. IPATOK. MATSCHIR. 


We first met with the Horned Puffin in Unalga Pass, near Unalaska, 
where it was rather common. It was found about the shores of 
Unalaska and Atka, and a few companies of six or eight were seen 
at Agattu, together with some single birds. A few individuals were 
found at Copper Island, and one or two at Bering Island. They 
were nowhere nearly as abundant as the preceding. 


Subfamily A{THIIN 4. 
CERORHINCA MONOCERATA (Pallas). 


RHINOCEROS AUKLET. 


This species was observed in limited numbers at Atka and at 
Agattu, and in the northern Kurils I occasionally noticed small com- 
panies on the water as far south as Simushir. 


PTYCHORAMPHUS ALEUTICUS (Pallas). 


CASSIN’S AUKLET. 


Cassin’s Auklets were common at sea in flocks from about southern 
Oregon to Puget Sound, except in the vicinity of the Columbia River. 
In Puget Sound they were abundant until we passed Port Townsend. 
After leaving Union Bay we saw them frequently until we reached 
the upper part of Georgia Gulf, where they were abundant, the num- 
bers again falling off until we reached the open sea. Here we saw 
hundreds of them in flocks of from 10 to 50, well offshore. They 
were also noticed about Unalaska, Agattu, and Atka, and a few were 
seen just outside the harbor at Attu. 


PHALERIS PSITTACULUS (Pallas). 
PAROQUET AUKLET. BJELE-BRUSKI. NAATSCHU. 

This bird was rather numerous in Unalga Pass as we approached 
the harbor of Unalaska, and was met with at Atka, Agattu, and 
Attu, though in small numbers. One flock of five was seen at Bering 
Island, off some cliffs west of the town, and we saw these Auklets 
occasionally in the Kurils as far south as Simushir, where there were 
a number about the rocks. 

JETHIA CRISTATELLA (Pallas). 
CRESTED AUKLET. KONJUGA. KOROKORA. TURUTURA. 

A few Crested Auklets were seen near Unalaska, but at Atka, Attu, 
and especially at Agattu, they were much more numerous. We saw 


32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 7 





a few about the Commander Islands, down the Kamchatkan coast 
to Cape Lopatka, and among the Kurils, where they were common 


5 

=e 5 5 ; amis 3 

about Simushir. We saw occasional individuals among the southern | 
Kaurils almost as far south as Yezo. 
ETHIA PYGMA (Gmelin). ; 

. 


WHISKERED AUKLET. MALINKA KONJUGA. PETUSCHKA. TURUTURK. 
ZETHIA PUSILLA (Pallas). 


LEAST AUKLET. 


Owing to my inability positively to distinguish these two species 
in life, I have thought it best to enter my observations under a double 
heading. Probably most of my remarks refer to 2. pusilla among — 
the Aleutians and to 2. pygmea in the Kurils. } 

Abundant in Unalga Pass, and common about Atka, Attu, and — 
especially Agattu; a number of these small auklets were seen about 
the Commander Islands, down the Kamchatkan coast, and off the — 
Kurils. They were extremely numerous at sea on the day after — 
leaving Simushir, but after that we did not meet with them. ' 


SYNTHLIBORAMPHUS ANTIQUUS (Gmelin). 


ANCIENT MURRELET. STARIK. WINGOROUTSCH. 


Ancient Murrelets were very common all about the shores of the 
Aleutian Islands and in the bays and harbors, being rather more — 
numerous about Atka, Attu, and especially Agattu, than elsewhere; — 
they were rather common about Copper and Bering islands, and a 
few were noticed along the eastern Kamchatkan coast, and down the | 
Kurils as far as Simushir. i 


BRACHYRAMPHUS MARMORATUS (Gmelin). 


MARBLED MURRELET. 


The Marbled Murrelet was first noticed in Puget Sound, where it 
was rather common as far as Port Townsend; a number were seen 
in different places in the channel between Vancouver Island and the 
mainland, especially just before entering Seymour narrows. On 
reaching the open sea we found these birds very common until it 
became dark, after which we saw no more until we reached Unalaska, 
where a number were met with in Unalga Pass and about the rocky 
shores of the island. A female was secured in the inner harbor, near 
the Dutch Harbor wharf. 


a 
| 
: 
BRACHYRAMPHUS, species. 
MURRELET. 


A few birds belonging to this genus were seen in Avacha Bay, 
Kamchatka, and. down the coast toward Cape Lopatka; but as none 
were secured their identity is doubtful. 


no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 33 





CEPPHUS CARBO Pallas. 


SOOTY GUILLEMOT. 


This species was only seen near Sakhalin Island, where a few were 
found in the outer part of Aniwa Bay, and two pairs on the east coast, 
near Cape Patience. 

CEPPHUS COLUMBA Pallas. 


PIGEON GUILLEMOT. KAJURKA. SVISTUN. 


The Pigeon Guillemot was very common about Unalaska, as well 
as about all the other Aleutians which we visited. At Agattu and 
Attu many scattered pairs were found about the cliffs, where they 
were probably breeding, although I found no eggs. This bird was 
common at Copper and Bering islands, and we met with occasional 
pairs at various places in Bering Sea, near the Bogoslovs among others, 
and also in the Pacific as much as 200 miles from Unalaska. 


CEPPHUS SNOWI Stejneger. 


SNOW’S GUILLEMOT. 


We found Snow’s Guillemot common about Cape Lopatka and 
down the Kurils as far south as the northern end of Yezo. Although 
I judged from their actions that these birds were breeding on Simu- 
shir, I was not fortunate enough to find any eggs. 


Subfamily ALCIN A. 
URIA TROILLE CALIFORNICA (H. Bryant). 


CALIFORNIA MURRE. 


The California Murre was first seen on the day after leaving San 
Francisco, and from then on, becoming rather more frequent until 
we were off the mouth of the Columbia River, where they were abun- 
dant in flocks of from six to twenty or more. Many companies were 
seen sitting on logs which had been brought down by the river. 
They remained numerous until we were well inside the Straits of 
Fuca, when their numbers fell off, and they finally disappeared off 
Port Townsend. In the passage between Vancouver Island and the 
mainland they were very abundant at the northern end of Georgia 
Gulf and about the entrance of the Seymour Narrows, but were not 
seen anywhere else. Between Vancouver Island and Unalaska occa- 
sional individuals or pairs were seen, becoming more frequent near 
Unalga Pass, where they were very common. We found them about 
all the Aleutian Islands, but apparently much less abundant toward 
the west and about the Commander Islands. They were very com- 
mon at sea in the vicinity of the Bogoslovs, as already noticed under 
Lunda cirrhata. 


Proc.N.M.vol.38—10 


ce 
eo 





34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





URIA LOMVIA ARRA (Pallas). 


PALLAS’ MURRE. ARE. HARA. 


We found this species common at Unalaska and thence westward 
throughout the Aleutian and Commander islands. They were com- 
mon about Petropaulski, where one was seen near the town, and down 
the coast to Cape Lopatka. They were frequent at sea off the 
Kurils, and common near Simushir. We found them rather com- 
mon about the rocky shores of Yezo between Hakodate and Mororan. 
On July 16, when we left Hakodate for the Japan Sea, we found 
them very numerous all along the rocky shores of Yezo, usually 
singly, but sometimes in flocks of from ten to twenty-five individuals. 
The single birds at this time were almost always accompanied by a 
young chick, so small and inconspicuous on the water that its pres- 
ence would often have been unnoticed had it not been for its shrill 
whistle. On September 24, in Aniwa Bay, Sakhalin Island, we 
found murres very common offshore, and we also found them numer- 
ous on the first of October along the northern and eastern shores 
of Yezo and the southern Kuril Islands. Doubtless many of the 
murres &een about the Bogoslovs, as noted under Lunda cirrhata, 
were of this species. ; 


Order LONGIPENNES. 
Family STERCORARITDA. 
STERCORARIUS POMARINUS (Temminck). 
POMARINE JAEGER. 

A single bird of this species was seen on June 3, on Bower’s Bank 
in Bering Sea. This was the only record for the whole trip. 

STERCORARIUS PARASITICUS (Linnzus). 
PARASITIC JAEGER. RASBOJNIK. 

This jaeger was of rather frequent occurrence in Bering Sea, and 
was met with on Bower’s Bank and about the Aleutians. On land 
I met with it twice, once at Agattu and once on Bering Island. In 
the Kurils one was seen at sea north of Simushir. 

STERCORARIUS LONGICAUDUS Vieillot. 
LONG-TAILED JAEGER. 
A Long-tailed Jaeger was seen off the coast of southern Oregon on 


May 7, another about halfway between Vancouver Island and the 
Aleutians, and a third on Bower’s Bank. 


no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 35 


Family LARID/. 
Subfamily LARIN A. 
RISSA TRIDACTYLA POLLICARIS Ridgway. 
PACIFIC KITTIWAKE. GAVARUSCHKA. KIRUGA. KEROO. 

The Pacific Kittiwake was common in Unalga Pass and in all 

o 
parts of Bering Sea visited by us, especially on Bower’s Bank. <A 
few were seen between Bering Island and Kamchatka, and in the 
Kurils they were found until we were about half way between Simu- 


shir and Yezo. 
RISSA BREVIROSTRIS (Bruch). 


RED-LEGGED KITTIWAKE. KRASNO-NOGAJA. GAVARUSCHKA. 


The Red-legged Kittiwake was seen in small numbers at sea near 
Unalaska, but became more common in the western part of the 
Aleutian chain and about the Commander Islands. It was not found 
in Kamchatka nor in the Kurils. 


LARUS BARROVIANUS (Ridgway). 
POINT BARROW GULL. 


The only Point Barrow Gull observed during the whole trip was on 
the morning of September 28 while we were anchored in Patience 


Bay, Sakhalin. 


LARUS GLAUCESCENS Naumann. 
GLAUCOUS-WINGED GULL. TSCHAIKA. 

A few of these gulls were seen about San Francisco Bay the day 
we left. Two were noticed following the ship on May 7, when we 
were off the Oregon coast, and another the next day. They were 
common in all parts of Puget Sound, and abundant about Union 
Bay, Vancouver Island. We picked them up at sea 20 miles or more 
south of the Aleutian chain, and found them abundant in Unalga 
Pass and about Unalaska. They were common at Atka, Attu, and 
Agattu, especially about the lakes on the last-named island, where 
several were shot. A few were also noticed about the Commander 


Islands. 
LARUS SCHISTISAGUS Stejneger. 


SLATY-BACKED GULL. OUNEMAS. 


I found a few of these gulls in Unalga Pass, near Unalaska, but did 
not meet with the species again until we reached the Commander 
Islands, when a few were seen both at Copper and Bering islands. 
About Petropaulski, however, this species was abundant, and it was 
also abundant at Simushir, in the Kurils, where I secured eight at a 
small pond near the sea. One of these birds had two unbroken eggs, 
apparently of some species of cormorant (Phalacrocorax), in its 
stomach, and another a small octopus. We found this species com- 
mon about the eastern shore of Sakhalin the latter part of September. 


36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 38. 





LARUS OCCIDENTALIS Audubon. 
WESTERN GULL. 

The Western Gull was common about San Francisco Bay when we 
left, and several were seen following the ship at different times until 
we reached Puget Sound, after which we did not meet with this 
species. 

LARUS VEG Palmén. 
VEGA GULL. 

This gull was rather common in Unalga Pass, near Unalaska, and 
was seen again, though not in any numbers, in Avacha Bay, Kam- 
chatka. I have no other records. 

LARUS CALIFORNICUS Lawrence. 
CALIFORNIA GULL. 

The California Gull was common about the bay when we left San 
Francisco, and individuals were seen following the ship until we 
reached the mouth of the Columbia River. 

LARUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS Richardson. 
SHORT-BILLED GULL. 

This species was rather common off the mouth of the Columbia 

River, and was also seen in Puget Sound. 


LARUS HEERMANNI Cassin. 
HEERMANN'’S GULL. 


Heermann’s Gull was seen occasionally in San Francisco Bay on 
the day of leaving, but was not met with subsequently. 










LARUS CRASSIROSTRIS Vieillot. 


JAPANESE BAND-TAILED GULL. 


We first met with this species in Hakodate harbor, where it was 
abundant about the shipping. I was surprised not to see it in Vol- 
‘ano Bay and about Mororan, but it was common along the west 
coast of Nipon, especially in Nanao harbor, about Sado Island, the 
Oki Islands, Matsushima, along the Korean coast, and in the Korean 
Straits. A few were seen at Nagasaki and Kagoshima, and it was 
common in Tokyo Bay and about Yokohama. I also saw a few at 
Otaru (Yezo), and it was common in Aniwa Bay, Sakhalin. When 
we returned from Sakhalin to Hakodate in October it appeared to be 
just as common as it had been in June and July. 

One of the birds observed at Hakodate had the central pair of 
rectrices entirely white, making a conspicuous break in the black tail 


band. 


no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 37 





LARUS RIDIBUNDUS BRUNNEICEPHALUS (Jerdon). 


EASTERN BLACK-HEADED GULL. 


I found this gull abundant about the large pond behind the town 
at Petropaulski, and it was occasionally seen about the inner harbor. 


LARUS PHILADELPHIA (Ord). 


BONAPARTE’S GULL. 


Bonaparte’s Gull was a common species in San Francisco Bay 
when we left, and three small flocks were seen at sea during the after- 
noon of May 7 off the coast of Oregon. In Puget Sound a small 
flock was seen as we were passing Port Townsend on our way north. 
Just as we were entering the Seymour Narrows we saw a large flock 
of fifty or more of these birds, which is the last record I have for the 
species. 

Subfamily STERNIN®. 
STERNA PARADISZA Briinnich. 


ARCTIC TERN. MARTISCHKA. 


The Arctic Tern was met with in small numbers about Atka, Agattu, 
Attu, and once off Semichi. Single individuals were observed on 
Bower’s Bank, off Semisopochnoi, and near Bering Island. 

Terns were also met with off the mouth of the Columbia River and 
sparingly in Puget Sound, but I am not certain of the species. 


STERNA SINENSIS Gmelin. 
ORIENTAL LESSER TERN. 


A few terns, probably of this species, were seen among the 
Linschoten Islands, south of Kiusiu. 


Order TUBINARES. 
Family DIOMEDEIDE. 
Subfamily DIOMEDHIN A. 
DIOMEDEA NIGRIPES Audubon. 


BLACK-FOOTED ALBATROSS. 


We picked up the Black-footed Albatross on the first day out from 
San Francisco, when they were abundant, from four to six or more 
following the ship all the time until we reached the vicinity of the 
Columbia River, where they disappeared. We met them again about 
half an hour after leaving the channel between Vancouver Island 
and the mainland. Here they were very common, becoming more 
so as we proceeded west, and reaching their maximum abundance 
well within sight of the Aleutian Islands. On the day we reached 
Unalaska, about 20 miles southeast of that island twenty-two of 


38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 38. 


—————— — —— 


these birds were collected at the stern of the ship by trailing a piece 
of meat in the water. When we were within about 10 miles of the 
island they began to leave, one by one sailing off over the sea out 
of sight, until, less than half an hour afterward, they were all gone, 


nor were there any in sight, although the meat was still trailmg out 


astern. It is very remarkable that this species should never be 
found in any of the enclosed seas bordering the north Pacific, in all 
of which D. albatrus occurs, especially as it is common to within 
sight of the islands separating those seas from the ocean. 

On June 6 a Black-footed Albatross was seen just before coming to 
anchor in Agattu, about 20 miles offshore; on the 12th, between Attu 
and Copper Island, one was noticed about the stern in the morning, 
and two in the afternoon. On June 25 we saw a number between 
Simushir and Yezo, and again on October 1 they were common off 
the northern coast of Yezo, but only on the Pacific side of the Kuril 
chain. 

We next met with this species on the first day out from Yokohama, 
homeward bound, and the birds followed us continuously until we 
were near the island of Kaui, when they disappeared, to reappear 
again just east of Molokai, after which they remained common until 
we were near the Californian coast. They were not nearly so abun- 
dant in this part of the Pacific as in the northeast, from California 
north to Alaska. 

Specimens of this bird were obtained about 70 miles west of the 
Queen Charlotte Islands, at sea. The birds were shot from the ship 
and picked up by means of a small boat. The uninjured members of 
the flock, a dozen or more in number, were exceedingly tame, and 
would remain on the water until the boat was within a few feet of 
them before taking wing. 

IT examined carefully with a glass ail the dark-colored albatrosses 
which came within range of the ship, as there was a possibility of the 
occurrence of Phawbetria palpebrata (Forster) (= fuliginosa of authors) 
in these waters, it having been recorded from the coast of Oregon; 
but as it is easily distinguishable on the wing both from D. nigripes 
and immature DP). albatrus, I have no hesitation in referring all the 
birds seen in this region to one or the other of these last two species. 


DIOMEDEA ALBATRUS Pallas. 


SHORT-TAILED ALBATROSS. ALBATROS. PONGAPITH. ATO. 


We first saw this species about 200 miles east of Unalaska on the 
day before our arrival at Dutch Harbor. On the next day two were 
seen near the Aleutian chain, one of them within 5 miles of the 
islands. Two more were seen between Attu and Copper Island on 
June 12; on the 20th one was observed about 20 miles off the Kam- 
chatkan coast, and the next day another in the Okhotsk Sea, near 


no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 39 








the mouth of the Aangan River. On October 1 this species was 
very common about the southern end of the Kurils, on both the 
inside and outside of the chain. 

From these meager notes one might infer that the Short-tailed 
Albatross was rather rare in the north Pacific, but I believe rather 
the contrary is the case. Unlike D. nigripes, this species is exceed- 
ingly shy at sea, and under ordinary circumstances keeps at a very 
considerable distance from ships, so that it stands much less chance 
of being observed than that species. 


DIOMEDEA IMMUTABILIS Rothschild, 


LAYSAN ALBATROSS. 


On November 12, two days after leaving Yokohama for Hono- 
lulu, a white albatross was observed, apparently darker above than 
D. albatrus; during the succeeding days it became more common 
until we reached the island of Kaui, after which we did not meet 
with it. Most probably the species was D. immutabilis of Laysan. 


Subtamily FULMARIN &. 
FULMARUS GLACIALIS GLUPISCHA Stejneger. 


PACIFIC FULMAR. GLUPISCH. 


The Pacific Fulmar was first seen the day after leaving San Fran- 
cisco, when a single individual was observed. The next day several 
were seen; subsequently they became more and more common until 
we were off the mouth of the Columbia River, where they were abun- 
dant in flocks of sometimes as many as 40 or 50 individuals. After 
entering Puget Sound no more were seen until we again reached the 
open sea, where they were common and remained so until we were 
near Unalaska, when their number fell off. Only a few were seen 
about that island, and occasional ones in the different parts of Bering 
Sea which we visited. Rather more were seen on Bower’s Bank and 
off Semisopochnoi than elsewhere. Except for three seen between 
Agattu and Attu (off Semichi) none were observed until we left Attu 
for Copper Island, when they reappeared. We found them very 
common about the cliffs of Copper Island near the town, and they 
were also rather common about Bering Island. They were numerous 
along the Kamchatkan coast to Cape Lopatka, and abundant on the 
cod banks in the Okhotsk Sea, where a hundred or more were observed 
about the cod-fishing barkentine S. N. Castle, which was lying there 
at anchor. Of all this large flock only two were in the white 
plumage, the proportion of light to dark birds being very much less 
on the Asiatic than on the American side of the north Pacific. This 
fulmar was common in the Kurils, and we saw it until the day before 
reaching Hakodate. It was not observed about Simushir, however; 
but at Milne Bay, where we anchored, there are no cliffs suitable 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 


for a nesting site. In La Pérouse Strait we next saw this species, 
and found it common along the east coast of Sakhalin and across the 
Okhotsk Sea to the southern Kurils, where, on October 1, it was very 
abundant. On November 11, the first day out of Yokohama, home- 
ward bound, we again saw the Pacific Fulmar, but only one or two 
individuals; others were observed on the 12th and 13th, and again on 
December 10, off the Californian coast. 


FULMARUS RODGERSII Cassin. 


RODGERS’ FULMAR. 


Rodgers’ Fulmar was identified with certainty only on a few occa- 
sions, and only between Vancouver Island and Unalaska. A fine 
example came within a few feet of me when I was out in a small 
boat 70 miles west of the Queen Charlotte Islands, and several were 
seen in the wake of the ship in company with F. glacialis glupischa. 


Subfamily PUFPHFININ A. 
PUFFINUS GRISEUS (Gmelin). 


SOOTY SHEARWATER. 


On September 26, when southeast of Cape Patience, Sakhalin, a 
number of these birds were observed. I have no other records. 


PUFFINUS TENUIROSTRIS (Temminck). 


SLENDER-BILLED SHEARWATER. TSCHORNIJ GLUPISCH. 


I saw this bird only once, on September 30, in the Okhotsk Sea, 
near the southern Kurils. 


PUFFINUS LEUCOMELAS Temminck. 


TEMMINCKE’S SHEARWATER. 


This was the only sea-bird seen in the Japan Sea, where it appeared 
to be not uncommon. We rarely saw more than six or eight in a 
day, however, but this was probably due to the fact that, like Dio- 
medea albatrus, this species will not ordinarily come near a ship, 
acting rather as if repelled by its presence. We found this bird in 
every part of the Japan Sea south of the straits of Tsugaru; about 
Sado and the Oki Islands, Matsushima, and along the Korean coast. 
South of the Korean Straits it became rather more common, espe- 
cially among the Linschoten Islands. From Kagoshima to Yoko- 
hama along the southern coast of Japan we found this species in 
considerable numbers, especially off the little harbor at Oshima Ko, 
where we saw flocks of fifty or more individuals. We did not meet 
with this bird east of Sagami Bay. 


wo.172%. BIRDS OF THER 1906 “ALBATROSS” CRUISE—CLARK. 4] 


BULWERIA BULWERI Jardine and Selby. 


BULWER’S PETREL. 


Bulwer’s Petrel was rather common among the Linschoten Islands, 
off the southern end of Kiusiu, and also among the Seven Islands 
south of Yokohama. I was able to recognize this interesting species 
at once, having previously made its acquaintance among the Azores 
and between the Azores and Gibraltar. 


Subfamily PROCHLULUARIIN 2#*. 
OCEANODROMA FURCATA (Gmelin). 


FORK-TAILED PETREL. STURMOFKA. 


The Fork-tailed Petrel appeared as soon as we were well out to 
sea after leaving the channel between Vancouver Island and the 
mainland, rapidly becoming more common as we approached the 
Aleutians, until the day before reaching Unalaska, when they were 
very abundant. They were common in Unalga Pass, and we found 
them on Bower’s Bank and commonly about all the Aleutians, and 
as far west as Copper Island. On Agattu they were apparently 
breeding in holes along the sides of a deep ravine which makes in 
from the sea at Macdonald Bay, most of them being met with more 
than a quarter of a mile inland. They were frequently seen flying 
up and down this ravine to and from the sea, and entering and 
leaving burrows in its sides. We did not see these birds after leaving 
Copper Island, where they were common, until we reached the 
Kurils, where they were again rather numerous until we were south 
of Simushir, after which this species was not met with again. 


OCEANODROMA LEUCORHOA (Vieillot). 


LEACH’S PETREL. MALINKA TSCHORNAJA STURMOFKEA. 


Leach’s Petrel was noticed shortly after leaving the channel be- 
tween Vancouver Island and the mainland, and was occasionally 
seen all the way up to the Aleutians, although never as common as 
O. furcata. About the islands they were sometimes seen by day, 
but not very often; at night, however, they were attracted by the 
lights of the ship and could be heard chirping all about, like so many 
bats. Doubtless O. furcata was common at night about the ship 
also, but as all the birds which were caught on board were of the 
present species I can make no positive statement that such was the 
case, although I have examined specimens of the latter species 
taken on shipboard at night at Kiska. After leaving Copper Island, 
where the species was not uncommon, we did not see it again until we 
were south of Paramushir, where it became again common until we 
were well south of Simushir. The greatest number heard on any 


492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. _ 


one night was about 100 miles northeast of the last-named island. 
On August 16, in the Linschoten Islands, a single bird, apparently of 
this species, was observed. 

Salvin® mentions a specimen from the Kurils in the British 
Museum with some white at the base of the outer rectrices and also 
along the outer web of the outermost feathers. A specimen from 
Copper Island in my collection exhibits this peculiarity, but Kurilian 
birds have no more white on the tail than others in the National 


Museum collection from the North Atlantic; so I believe it to be — 


merely a case of individual variation, as, except for this one example, 
there is no difference between my birds and a series from the north 
Atlantic. 
OCEANODROMA HOMOCHROA (Coues). 
ASHY PETREL. 


A few of these birds were seen when we were well out from San 
Francisco, and occasionally during the next day. 


Order STEGANOPODES. 
Family PHAETHONTID. 


PHAETHON CANDIDUS (Draper). 


WHITE TROPIC BIRD. 


On August 15, when we were in the Linschoten Islands, two pairs 
and a single bird of this species, at different times, came close to the 
ship and, after circling about a few times, disappeared in the direction 
of the islands. 

PHAETHON RUBRICAUDA Boddaert. 


RED-TAILED TROPIC BIRD. 


One example of this handsome species was observed on August 
14, while we were in the Linschoten Islands. It can hardly be 
doubted that both these species are much more common about 
southera Japan than is commonly supposed. 


Family SULID. 
SULA LEUCOGASTRA Boddaert. 


BOOBY. 


A single Booby passed low over the bows of the ship in the afternoon 
of August 14, when we were among the Linschoten Islands. It was 
the only one seen. 

So far as I know, this group of islands has never been visited by an 
ornithologist. From their geographical position, as well as_ the 
greatly diversified conditions which obtain there, it would be sur- 
prising if a thorough survey did not yield extremely interesting results. 


«Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 25, 1896, p. 349. 


; 


' 


; 


a 


es 


—— 


se eS Sl oe a” Le 


no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 43 





Family PHALACROCORACID.¢ 
PHALACROCORAX FILAMENTOSUS Temminck and Schlegel. 


TEMMINCKE’S CORMORANT. 


What was probably this species was very common about the shores 
of Matsushima at the time of our visit. 


PHALACROCORAX AURIJTUS ALBOCILIATUS Ridgway. 


FARRALONE CORMORANT. 


It being impossible to separate this from the following form in 
observations taken on shipboard, I have arbitrarily placed my records 
from San Francisco to Puget Sound under the present heading, and 
the notes from Puget Sound north under P. a. cineinatus as roughly 
representing the distribution of the two subspecies at the time of my 
visit. 

This cormorant was seen near the entrance of San Francisco Bay, 
and was common outside. We met with it at sea all along the coast, 
and it was abundant off the mouth of the Columbia River. 


PHALACROCORAX AURITUS CINCINATUS (Brandt). 
WHITE-CRESTED CORMORANT. 


Double-crested cormorants were very common in Puget Sound up 
to Port Townsend, but less so from there on. They were occasionally 
seen, however, about Dockton, and two were noticed in Union Bay, 
Vancouver Island. I have a note of a few being seen in Unalga Pass 
near Unalaska, and I found them at Atka, Attu, and Agattu. 


PHALACROCORAX PENICILLATUS (Brandt). 
BRANDT’S CORMORANT. 

This bird was common about San Francisco Bay when we left, 
and was seen along the coast rather commonly as far north as the 
Columbia River. 

PHALACROCORAX PELAGICUS RESPLENDENS Audubon. 
BAIRD'S CORMORANT. 

We found this cormorant common about the Golden Gate, and 

abundant all the way up to Puget Sound. On the second day out 


we passed two flocks, one of fifty or more and the other of upward 
of one hundred and fifty individuals. It was very abundant off the 





a PHALACROCORAX PERSPICILLATUS Pallas. 
PALLAS’ CORMORANT. 

I had hoped that some trace of this magnificent species, which formerly occurred 
on Bering Island, might be found on some of the little-known islands and rocks at 
the extreme western end of the Aleutian chain, but in this I was disappointed. It 
is undoubtedly quite extinct. 


44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 38. 


mouth of the Columbia River in large flocks, and was common in 
Puget Sound as far as Port Townsend, where the numbers fell off 
and the bird gradually disappeared. 


PHALACROCORAX PELAGICUS PELAGICUS Pallas. 


PELAGIC CORMORANT. MALINKIJ URIL. 


This bird was very common about the Aleutians, being first seen 
in Unalga Pass near Unalaska, and from then on commonly when- 
ever we were near land. It was especially abundant about Agattu 
and off Semichi, and we found it at Copper and Bering islands, fre- 
quently along the coast of Kamchatka, and down the Kurils as far 
as Simushir, about the cliffs of which island a number were seen. 
Probably they were breeding here, as in the stomach of a gull (Larus 
schistisagus) I found two cormorant’s eggs, possibly belonging to 
this species. 

PHALACROCORAX URILE (Gmelin). 


RED-FACED CORMORANT. BOLSCHOJ URIL. 

I only identified this species with certainty a few times; near 

Agattu, near Bering Island, near Cape Lopatka, and once in the 

northern Kurils, where a specimen flew across the bow of the ship 
within a few feet of me. 


Order ANSERES. 
Family ANATIDA. 
Subfamily MHRGIN A. 
MERGUS AMERICANUS (Cassin). 
AMERICAN MERGANSER. 
I have one record for this species. A male was seen on May 26 on 
a small pond near Dutch Harbor, Unalaska, and another, possibly 
the same bird, was seen at the same place on the next day. A bird 
probably of this species was seen on one of the lakes at Agattu. 
MERGUS MERGANSER MERGANSER (Linnzus). 
GOOSANDER. MERGANSER. BOLSCHOJ KRACHAL. TUIPE. 
A pair of these birds was found on a large pond near Milne Bay, 


Simushir. 
MERGUS SERRATOR (Linneus). 


RED-BREASTED MERGANSER. KRAKHAL. 


A small flock of Red-breasted Mergansers was seen in the outer bay 
at Unalaska on May 25. 


ee 


no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 45 





Subfamily ANATIN 4%. 
ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS Linnezus. 


MALLARD. SELESENN. SA’ANGITSCH. SAAITSCHITSCH. 


The Mallard was common in the large swamp near Nikolskoi, 
Bering Island, but I saw it nowhere else. 


NETTION CRECCA (Linneus). 


TEAL. TSCHIROK. 
Some of these teal were observed in the swamp on Bering Island. 


NETTION CAROLINENSIS (Gmelin). 


GREEN-WINGED TEAL. 


I have a note that a bird of this species was seen at Unalaska on 
May 25. 
DAFILA ACUTA (Linnzus). 


PINTAIL. VOSTROCHVOST. PAKARICHU. CLAGI. 


I noticed a few birds of this species in the large swamp near the 
town of Nikolskoi, Bering Island. 


Subfamily FULIGULIN 4. 


MARILA MARILA (Linnzus). 


SCAUP. TSCHERNIK. 


The scaup was abundant in Puget Sound, up to and past Port 
Townsend, but we did not find it in the more narrow portions. It 
was, however, common about Union Bay, and occasionally seen in 
the inland passage wherever it widened out. It was rather common 
at Atka and Agattu. 


AYTHYA VALLISNERIA (Wilson). 


CANVAS-BACKE. 


We only noticed the Canvas-back in Puget Sound, where it was 
rather common in the wider reaches before we reached Port Town- 
send. 

HARELDA HYEMALIS (Linneus). 


OLD-SQUAW. SAFKA. AANGA. 


I obtained an adult male of this species in breeding plumage at 
Simushir on June 23. It was extremely emaciated and apparently 
unable to fly. A tumor about an inch and a half long in the body 
cavity probably accounted for the bird’s condition. The’ testicles 
were not enlarged. 


46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 





HISTRIONICUS HISTRIONICUS (Linnzus). 


HARLEQUIN DUCK. KAMENUSCHEA. 


The Harlequin Duck was very common at Unalaska about the 
rocky shores, usually in small flocks. It was common about Atka, 
where one or two were seen inland on a small stream; on Attu and 
Agattu it was also numerous on the streams as well as along the 
coast; a number were seen at Copper and Bering islands, and a few 
at Simushir in the Kurils. 

SOMATERIA V-NIGRA Gray. 


PACIFIC EIDER. PISTRAK, 


The Pacific Eider was common at Agattu and Attu. On the 
former island a nest with four eggs was found near the beach on 
June 8. This bird was usually seen along the rocky portions of the 
shore, and was particularly numerous about Macdonald Bay, Agattu, 
and the entrance of the harbor at Attu. 


OIDEMIA AMERICANA Swainson. 
AMERICAN SCOTER. 


This scoter was seen in Puget Sound and about Union Bay, Van- 
couver Island, but was not nearly so abundant as O. deglandii or O. 
perspicillata, 

OIDEMIA STEJNEGERI Ridgway. 
STEJNEGER’S SCOTER. TURPAN. 


On September 30 and October 1, when among the small low islands 
northeast of Yezo, and the southernmost Kurils, we found these 
ducks very common, usually in small flocks. As they were not seen at 
this point when we passed in the summer, I judged these birds to be 
migrants on their way south. We did not find them about the other 
Kurils nor about Kamchatka. 


OIDEMIA DEGLANDII Bonaparte. 
WHITE-WINGED SCOTER. 

We saw a few White-winged Scoters on May 7 off the Oregon 
coast, and on the next day found them abundant off the mouth of 
the Columbia River. They were common everywhere in Puget 
Sound, and very abundant at the time of our visit at Union Bay, 
Vancouver Island, far outnumbering any other duck. I saw a 
single pair in Unalga Pass, but did not meet with it again in the 


Aleutians. 
OIDEMIA PERSPICILLATA (Linneus). 


SURF SCOTER. 


In Puget Sound this duck was common, although not so abundant 
as O, deglandii; it was common at Union Bay, and a few were seen 





no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 4 


— 


at Attu and Agattu. It was also rather common at sea when we 
were off the mouth of the Columbia River. 


Subfamily ANSE RIN 4%. 


BRANTA CANADENSIS HUTCHINSII (Richards). 


HUTCHINS’ GOOSE. 


This goose is the most abundant bird on Agattu, where it breeds 
by thousands. When we approached the shore we saw a number of 
geese flying about the cliffs and bluffs, and soaring in circles high in 
air. On landing I walked up the beach to the left and soon came 
to a small stream which enters the sea through a gap in the high 
bluffs, when I saw fifty or more of these birds along the bank preening 
their feathers. From this point I walked inland over the rough 
pasture-like country toward a lake where this stream rises. Geese 
were seen on all sides in great abundance, walking about the grassy 
hillsides in companies of six or eight to a dozen, or flying about from 
one place to another. When on the ground they were comparatively 
shy; at about 100 yards distant they would stop feeding and watch 
my movements; at about 50 yards they generally took wing; but 
instead of flying away they would circle about and fly toward me, 
often not more than 10 feet over my head, as if to see what sort of a 
strange beast it was which thus intruded on their domains. I shot 
nine, using merely a very light charge of powder with an ounce of 
No. 10 shot which I had brought with me for the purpose of securing 
specimens of song sparrows (Melospiza) and longspurs (Calcarius); 
even with that light load I secured two at one discharge of my 
12-bore. I believe I could have killed a hundred or more in the 
course of a morning’s walk had there been any object in so doing. 
The actions of these geese on this seldom visited and desolate island 
reminded me of the accounts given by travelers who have visited 
Kerguelen of the habits of the native teal (Dafilula eatoni) there. 
Although common on the seashore, these geese were more abundant 
inland, especially in marshy places, and where there was an abundant 
growth of long rank grass. 

When I had gone inland between a mile and a mile and a half from 
the sea, a recall was blown from the ship, as a strong breeze had 
come up from the sea which made the anchorage unsafe, and I was 
forced to take a bee line to the beach, abandoning my geese, which 
I had “cached” along the route by which I had come, to be picked 
up on my return. On reaching the beach I sent a sailor back to my 
nearest pile of birds, consisting of four of these geese, three Larus glau- 
cescens, some puffins (Lunda cirrhata) and other Alcide, and a few 
ducks, and he soon returned with the geese and gulls. I found it 
impossible to prepare the skins of any large birds that evening, so 
they were stowed away until such a time as I could find leisure 











48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSBUM. VOL. 38m 








to attend to them. The next day I found that, owing to their having 
been placed near some steam pipes, the geese were too far gone for 
preservation, and I was reluctantly obliged to throw them away. I 
took color notes and measurements of each specimen, however, which 
may prove of interest. 

No. 1. Dimensions: Wing 14.90 inches; tail 5.75 inches; rectrices 
16. White cheek patches confluent on throat, with a few scattered 
dark feathers in the median line; white collar about lower neck 
continuous all around, but only about half an inch wide; white of 
anal region sharply marked off from brown of breast and abdomen, _ 

No. 2. Wing 15.75 inches; tail 5.62 inches; rectrices 16; white} 
cheek patches divided for their anterior half by a black peninsula 
three-quarters of an inch wide at the base, narrowing to five-eighths 
of an inch at its end, and a row of scattered black specks from the 
end of the peninsula to the posterior border of the cheek patches in 
the median line of the throat; collar on lower neck 1 inch wide, 
but narrowing toward dorsal surface, where it is crossed by a bar of 
black, one-quarter of an inch in width, in the median line; under- 
parts as in No. 1. 

No. 3. Wing 16.12 inches; tail 5 inches; rectrices 14; cheek 
patches divided for their anterior half as in No. 2; white collar on 
lower neck three-quarters of an inch wide in front, decreasing in 
width toward dorsal surface, where it is crossed by a bar of black; 
underparts as in Nos. 1 and 2. 

No. 4. Wing 15.25 inches; tail 5.50 inches; rectrices 16; cheek 
patches small, and entirely separated by an isthmus three-quarters of 
an inch wide at the anterior and posterior ends, narrowing to one-half 
an inch in the middle; white collar on lower neck one-quarter of an 
inch wide in front, narrowing behind, where it is much broken up 
and divided by a black bar in the median line; upper surface some- 
what darker than the lower, the other birds having been uniformly 
colored; this specimen was also slightly darker throughout, and was 
apparently brooding, a large patch on the breast being bare of feathers. 

In a patch of long grass near the top of a bluff just behind the 
beach I found a nest containing three eggs belonging to this speciess 

At Attu I found this goose not uncommon, but they do not bree 
there. Several were seen on a small islet to the right of the harbo 
entrance, and others flying overhead at various places in the low= 
lands. The natives here told me of their breeding in great abundance 
on Agattu, and also in lesser numbers at Semichi, and they also’sai 
that the ravens on those islands steal their eggs and bury them for 
winter consumption. The absence of foxes from Agattu and Semi 
chi undoubtedly accounts for the occurrence of this species on thes¢ 
islands in such abundance, 


no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 49 


Order HERODIONES. 
Suborder HERODIIL. 

Family ARDEID. 
Subfamily ARDEHIN 1. 
ARDEA HERODIAS FANNINI Chapman. 
NORTHWEST COAST HERON. 


This bird was observed several times about Union Bay, Vancouver 


Island. 
ARDEA, species. 


HERON. 


Herons were seen at various places along the Japanese coast, at 
the Oki Islands, Matsushima, and in the Linschoten Islands. One 
was also seen on October 1 among the small islands northeast of 
Yezo. As no specimens were obtained, their identity is uncer- 
tain, though I am almost sure that the last was an example of 
Ardea cinerea jouyi. 


Order PALUDICOL. 
Suborder GRUES. 
Family GRUIDX. 
GRUS CANADENSIS (Linneus). 
LITTLE BROWN CRANE. 

On the morning of June 8 while ashore on Agattu Island I encoun- 
tered a pair of these birds, but could not succeed in getting anywhere 
near them. On being flushed they never flew for any great distance, 
but always alighted far out in the open pasture-like areas, out of 
reach from any rocks or other suitable cover. I tried twice to creep 
up on them under the lee of some small hills, only to find that they 
had walked a long way from the spot where they had settled, and I 
therefore gave up the chase as hopeless. 


Order LIMICOL2. 
Family PHALAROPODID. 


PHALAROPUS FULICARIUS (Linnzus). 
RED PHALAROPE. 
The only time I observed this bird was just before reaching Unalaska. 


On the morning of the day we reached that island thousands of these 
birds were seen, mostly in flocks of from fifty to a hundred or more, 


Proc.N.M.vol.88—10——-4 


50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


but many singly or in small companies. Most of the birds were 
flying about in an aimless sort of way, but many were on the water. 
When we were about 5 miles from the coast the birds began to 
get less frequent and finally disappeared. 


LOBIPES LOBATUS (Linnezus). 


NORTHERN PHALAROPE. 


The Northern Phalarope was common on the pools in the marshes 
on Bering Island, but was not met with anywhere else. 


Family SCOLOPACID. 
ARQUATELLA MARITIMA COUESI Ridgway. 


ALEUTIAN SANDPIPER. LAJDINIJ KULIK. 


The Aleutian Sandpiper was very common on the Aleutian Islands, 
especially at Atka, Agattu, and Attu, and was also found on the 
Commander Islands. If frequents the more rocky portions of the 
shores, where it is usually very tame, and is abundant in the inland 
marshy districts and along the swampy banks of the streams. The 
ery is loud and clear, bearing a striking resemblance to the call of the 
Flicker (Coloptes auratus). At Attu and Agattu I found them most 
abundant, occurring everywhere in the marshy lowlands and along 
the shore, singly or in pairs. At Attu, although more common in the 
lowlands than anywhere else, they were found high up on the moun- 
tains wherever the snow had melted sufficiently to uncover the moss 
underneath. They were frequently seen about a large bare patch on 
the summit of one of the mountains to the left of the harbor entrance. 
On the side of one of these mountains, 700 feet or more above the val- 
ley, I found a nest of this species with four eggs, near an extensive 
patch of snow. The nest was deep cup-shaped, with the edges even 
with the surrounding moss; the eggs were brownish olive, rather 
dark, spotted and blotched, chiefly at the larger end, with deep brown 
and purplish gray. 

PISOBIA DAMACENSIS (Horsfield). 


LONG-TOED STINT. 


[ found this trim little species rather common in the large swamp 
at Bering Island, where specimens were secured. 
HETERACTITIS INCANUS (Gmelin). 
WANDERING TATLER. TSCHORNIJ KULIK. 
This species was seen at Unalaska near Dutch Harbor, at Agattu, 


and at Attu, but was nowhere common, The specimens brought 
back are from Unalaska, 





ee ee ee ee eee 


ae ae ot Gee 


sal ioe 


no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 51 











family APHRIZIDZ. 
ARENARIA MELANOCEPHALA (Vigors). 


BLACK TURNSTONE. KIDMALGIK. 


On the first day out of San Francisco, May 4, we saw several small 
flocks of these birds on their way north; each succecding day they 
became more abundant until on the afternoon of May 8 we saw them 
by thousands, in flocks of from ten or twenty to several hundred. At 
one time, about 2 o’clock in the afternoon, the whole sea appeared 
dotted with white, so abundant were they. All the birds noticed were 
headed up the coast, going the same direction as we. 

In the mornings these birds were comparatively rare; they began 
to appear about 11, and increased in numbers until about 2, when they 
were very abundant; shortly after 3 there was a falling off until by 
half past 4 few, if any, were to be seen. This was true every day we 
were at sea on the voyage from San Francisco to Puget Sound. 
Whether they spent the night and early morning on the neighboring 
shores or resting on the water I am unable to say; but all we saw were 
on the wing; possibly there were other shore birds in these multitudes, 
but all which came near the ship were of this species. 


Order GALLIN4. 


Suborder PHASIANT. 


Family TETRAONID. 
Subfamily THTRAONIN 4. 
BONASA UMBELLUS SABINI (Douglas). 


OREGON RUFFED GROUSE. 


IT never found ruffed grouse nearly so common as this subspecies 
was about Union Bay, Vancouver Island. They were abundant in 
all the wooded districts, and the males were heard drumming on all 


sides. 
LAGOPUS LAGOPUS ALEXANDRE J. Grinnell. 


ALEXANDER’S WILLOW PTARMIGAN. 


Lagopus lagopus alexandrx J. GRINNELL, Univ. of California Publ., Zool., vol. 5, 
1909, No. 2, p. 204 (Feb. 18). 

In the course of my work upon the collections which I made while 
on the Albatross, I had occasion to enter rather deeply into the 
question of the recognizable forms belonging to the willow ptarmigan 
group in North America. The results from this study were not 
entirely satisfactory, owing to the absence of material from certain 
important intermediate districts, and of specimens from all localities 
in strictly comparable plumages, so the work was temporarily laid 
aside until further material might become available. Mr. Joseph 


52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Grinnell had, in the course of his work on Alaskan birds, become 
interested in the problem presented by the willow ptarmigan. I 
explained to him the general results which I had attained from the 
study of the material in Washington, and urged him to name the 
southern Alaskan form, which he has done. As I have had no oppor- 
tunity of again taking up the question, I give in the. following para- 
graphs, without change, the notes I made in 1907, hoping that they 
may prove of some value. 

A careful examination of the material available in Washington, 
consisting of 115 specimens of North American willow ptarmigan, 
has convinced me that there are at least two well-marked forms of 
this bird inhabiting the country, in addition to the subspecies found 
in Newfoundland (Lagopus lagopus alleni Stejneger), which appear to 
be readily distinguishable from birds from Norway. I have not been 
able to examine specimens from eastern North America south of 
Labrador, except from Newfoundland, but the indications are that a 
race inhabits this district which is similar to Lagopus lagopus alex- 
andr, but which will probably turn out to be a new form peculiar 
to the region. 

There seer to be slight, but apparently constant, differences 
between birds from various parts of the northwest, which I have 
considered collectively as Lagopus lagopus alexandrx. For instance, 
the bird inhabiting the mountains of southeastern Alaska differs from 
that of the coasts of the Alaska peninsula and the islands adjacent, 
_while these, again, are not quite the same as others from the coast of 
Norton Sound. With but 32 specimens from the entire Territory of 
Alaska, however, I cannot hope to solve the problem. At any rate, 
although perfectly distinct from ZL. l. albus, L. l. alexandre exhibits 
much more plasticity than the well-marked and comparatively 
stable northern form. The color comparisons were made from 
12 specimens from the Shumagin Islands and 6 from Alaska in the 
perfected spring plumage, and over twice as many from northern Lab- 
rador, taken at the same time and apparently in the same plumage. 

I have examined specimens from the following localities: Twenty 
from Newfoundland, 60 from Labrador, 3 from central arctic North 
America, 18 from the mainland of Alaska, 2 from Kadiak Island, and 
12 from the Shumagin Islands. Three examples from Norway were 
regarded as true Lagopus lagopus lagopus. 

Of these specimens, all those from Labrador and central arctic 
America, with others from Point Barrow, Kotzebue Sound, Cape Lis- 
bourne, Kowak River, Yukon River, and near St. Michaels, belong to 
a well-differentiated race, with the beak very large, high, and stout, 
the culmen strongly arched, and usually with a prominent ridge from 
the inferior corner of the maxilla to in front of the nostril. They are 
identical among themselves, it being impossible to tell from the ex- 





| 
| 
| 


no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 53 


amination of any one specimen whether it was taken in Alaska or in 
Labrador. A number of young birds in various stages from Labrador, 
besides the 60 adults examined, show that this character of the large 
beak is assumed at a very early age. My Norwegian specimens have 
very small beaks, not noticeably larger than those of Lagopus mutus 
from the same locality. 

In regard to the nomenclature, Gmelin, in 1788,“ based the name 
[ Tetrao] albus upon the ‘ Lagopéde de la Baye d’ Hudson” of Buffon, ? 
which is unmistakably this form. The other references cited by 
Gmelin under this species, as well as under his [ Zetrao] lagopus of the 
previous page, include old and new world forms of both the Lagopus 
lagopus and Lagopus mutus groups jumbled together. 

This form should be known, therefore, as Lagopus lagopus albus, 
the type-locality being Hudson’s Bay, and the habitat from northern 
Labrador westward and northwestward, reaching the Alaskan shores 





SUBSPECIES OF LAGOPUS LAGOPUS. @. LAGOPUS LAGOPUS ALBUS (FROM A SPECIMEN FROM UNGAVA). 
‘ 
b. LAGOPUS LAGOPUS ALEXANDRE (FROM A SPECIMEN FROM THE SHUMAGIN ISLANDS). ¢. LAGOPUS 
LAGOPUS LAGOPUS (FROM A SPECIMEN FROM NORWAY). 


of the Arctic Ocean south in Alaska to parts of the lower Yukon 
valley and St. Michaels. 

Lagopus lagopus alexandrx is a somewhat smaller form, with a 
much smaller and weaker beak, the culmen regularly curved as in 
L. 1. lagopus. The general coloration above is deep rich chestnut, 
thickly and finely vermiculated with black, each feather narrowly 
tipped with white; upper throat and face dusky; sides of head and 
neck, lower throat, and fore neck clear chestnut, the breast becoming 
finely vermiculated with black, increasing in extent posteriorly; 
sides and flanks very dark and clouded with blackish, the feathers 
tipped with buff; most of wings and under tail-coverts, middle of 
underparts, thighs, and feet, white. 

Measurements (average): Wing 193 mm.; tail 120 mm.; tarsus 38 
mm.; middle toe 28.5 mm.; culmen 17.5 mm.; depth of bill at base 12 
mm.; distance from inferior corner of maxilla to tip of culmen 21.5 
mm.; width of bill at base 12 mm. 


aSyst. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 750. 
b Hist. Nat. Ois., vol. 2, 1771, p. 276 [but not pl. 9]. 


54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 38. 





Judging from my material this appears to be a more richly colored, 
darker, more finely marked form than L. l. albus, the markings above 
finer, with much less rufous, and the lower part of the prapectus 
finely vermiculated, instead of clouded with black. 

The single specimen in my collection was obtained by Mr. F. M. 
Chamberlain on July 13, 1905, on Twin Rift Peak above McDonald 
Lake in southeastern Alaska, at an elevation of about 3,000 feet. 
It is a male bird, and was followed by a brood of young at the time 
of capture, although the ground was still covered with patches of 
snow. 

This bird differs in some respects from the series of L. 1. alecandre 
from other parts of Alaska; the culmen is strongly curved toward 
the tip instead of regularly curved for its entire length, and the 
general coloration is darker and more rufous, the feathers above 
tipped with buff instead of white. It measures: Wing 190 mm.; tail 
117 mm.; tarsus 39mm.; middle toe 27 mm.; culmen 19 mm.; depth 
of bill 11 mm.; distance from inferior corner of maxilla to tip of eul- 
men 23 mm.; width of bill at base 12 mm. It is possible that it 
may represent a new race peculiar to the mountains of southeastern 
Alaska, but a large series will be necessary definitely to determine 
this point. 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN SUBSPECIES OF LAGOPUS LAGOPUS., 


I. Shafts of primaries and secondaries black; primaries conspicuously marked with 
black in distal portion (Newfoundland). 
Lagopus lagopus alleni (Stejneger). 
II. Shafts of secondaries, and usually of primaries, white; no black markings on 
primaries. 

a. Bill very large, high, and stout, culmen strongly curved; size large (wing 
about 196 mm.; tail 125 mm.; tarsus 40 mm.); coloration above dusky, 
coarsely vermiculated with rufous and grayish buff (northern Labrador, 
westward and northwestward to northern Alaska, reaching Point Barrow, 
Kotzebue Sound, Cape Lisbourne, and Kowak River). 

Lagopus lagopus albus © (Gmelin). 

b. Bill moderate, culmen regularly curved; size smaller (wing about 193 mm.; 

tail 120 mm.; tarsus 38 mm.); coloration above chestnut, vermiculated 

with black, and sometimes also with buff (southern Alaska, from coasts 

of Norton Sound and Alaska Peninsula, including Kadiak and the Shumagin 
Islands, southeastward to mountains of southeastern Alaska). 

Lagopus lagopus alexandrx J. Grinnell. 


LAGOPUS LAGOPUS, subspecies. 
WILLOW PTARMIGAN. 


Some form of Willow Ptarmigan was found to be not uncommon 
in the lowlands behind Petropaulski, Kamchatka, but the birds 
were very shy and I did not sueceed in getting any specimens. 


= _ 





@ Type-locality.—Hudson Bay. 


On 


no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 5 


| 


LAGOPUS RUPESTRIS NELSONI Stejneger. 


NELSON’S PTARMIGAN. 


I found this bird rather common about the summit of the mountain 
on Dutch Harbor Island, Unalaska, and also saw it frequently on the 
lower slopes, except in the immediate vicinity of Dutch Harbor. At 
the time of my visit the birds were mostly paired, and were very shy, 
rarely allowing a near approach. Most of the birds were in the 
dark plumage, but many were mottled with white and one was noticed 
almost entirely white. The males were very noisy, and their croaking 
could be heard on all sides; several wereseen to fly up into the air to a 
considerable height and then sail down, emitting their peculiar croak- 
ing rattle. The powers of flight possessed by these birds is very great; 
few that were flushed alighted within half a mile, and several flew 
directly out across the bay toward the mountains on the other side, over 
two milesaway. Practically all the birds seen were on or in the imme- 
diate vicinity of snow, none being found in the comparatively level 
grassy districts near the towns of Dutch Harbor or Unalaska, where 
the snow had all melted. On the rugged northeastern end of Dutch 
Harbor Island, however, the birds were found on the mossy lower 
slopes, and one or two on the seacoast itself about the mouth of 
snow-filled ravines. The six specimens obtained are all typical and 
exhibit no peculiarities. 


LAGOPUS RUPESTRIS ATKHENSIS (Turner). 


TURNER’S PTARMIGAN. 


At Atka I was much surprised to find ptarmigan abundant all over 
the grassy lowlands, and none at all even on the lower slopes of the 
mountain, just the reverse of my experience at Unalaska. As on 
that island, the birds were usually in pairs and very shy, rising a long 
distance away. Their white wings made them very conspicuous. 
They never went far after being flushed, however, and, the ground 
being fairly level, it was usually possible to obtain a second shot. 
Ptarmigan appear to be much more numerous here than at Unalaska, 
occurring even in the vicinity of the town, and I had no trouble in 
securing all the specimens I wished. 


LAGOPUS EVERMANNI Elliot. 


ATTU PTARMIGAN. 


I did not find this bird at all common on Attu, doubtless because I 
did not succeed in locating its favorite haunts. During an entire 
day’s trip over the mountains on the right of the harbor, behind the 
town, and about the large lake at the summer encampment only 
three were seen, one in the mountains above the lake and two in the 


56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Jowlands between the town and the lake. All three were shot. On 
arriving at the ship one of the men told me he had never seen ptarmi- 
gan so common as about the summit of the mountains at the left of 
the harbor entrance. As he had had considerable experience with 
ptarmigan in seldom visited portions of Alaska, and was a reliable 
man, I arranged to visit the locality the next day with him as a guide 
in order to obtain a series of this little known species. We started 
early and reached the place a little before noon, but, although the 
droppings of the birds were extremely abundant everywhere, we saw 
none of the birds themselves. Just as we were preparing to leave, 
after searching the whole district thoroughly, a fine cock came flying 
over from one of the neighboring peaks and was promptly secured. 
On our way back to the shore we saw one other which was chased 
for over a mile but without success. The only male specimen taken 
is darker than any in the National Museum collection, being sooty 
black with but few traces of rusty vermiculations. 
LAGOPUS RIDGWAYI Stejneger. 
RIDGWAY'S PTARMIGAN. KUROPATEA. 

Although we searched the mountains about the town on Copper 
Island carefully, we found none of these birds and only a very few 
of their droppings; at Bering Island we also failed to find them, our 


search, however, being limited to the lowlands behind the town. 
The birds are, nevertheless, common in certain parts of both islands. 


Order COLUMB. 
Family COLUMBID. 


COLUMBA FASCIATA Syy. 
BAND-TAILED PIGEON. 
A small flock of Band-tailed Pigeons was seen at Union Bay, 


Vancouver Island, but, as the birds were very shy, specimens could 
not be secured. 


Order RAPTORES. 
Suborder FALCONES. 
Family FALCONIDA. 
Subfamily BUTHONIN A. 
MILVUS ATER MELANOTIS (Temminck and Schlegel). 
SIBERIAN BLACK KITE. 

This species was very common about all the Japanese towns we 
visited, but I did not notice it at the Oki Islands, Sado Island, nor 


Matsushima. It was particularly abundant at Hakodate, where I 
counted twenty-two sailing about together over some object of 


ti ae ieee 


no. 1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS” CRUISE—CLARKR. 57 





mutual interest in a field. This bird in the Japanese harbors plays 
the part of scavenger, assisting the numerous gulls. It is very adept 
at picking bits of food up from the water, devouring it afterwards 
on the wing. 
?BUTEO BUTEO JAPONENSIS (Gmelin). 
JAPANESE BUZZARD. 


On Matsushima a Buteo was very common, which may have been 
this species. 
AQUILA CHRYSAETOS (Linnzus). 
GOLDEN EAGLE. 


I observed this species once on Unalaska and several times on 
Atka, where it appears to be rather common. 


THALASSAETUS PELAGICUS (Pallas). 
KAMCHATKAN SEA EAGLE. 


On May 26 while collecting birds in the broad valley which makes 
up into the mountains in a southerly direction from the town of 
Unalaska, in company with Dr. F. E. McCullouch, U. S. Navy, 
of the Albatross, I saw a bird of this species. It sailed across 
the valley almost directly above our heads and very low down. 
I happened to have a Winchester repeating rifle with me at 
the time. The bird offered an exceptionally easy shot, but unfortu- 
nately the rifle missed fire. On returning to the ship, Prof. J. O. 
Snyder, of Stanford University, California, told me of a peculiar 
eagle he had seen which I have no doubt was the same bird; he had 
met with it about a mile away from the place where I saw it. A 
thorough survey of these islands may show that this species, as well 
as Haliaétus albicilla, which has been recently recorded from Una- 
laska, are of more or less regular occurrence throughout the whole 
group. 

I subsequently met with this bird in Kamchatka where I saw 
several examples in the vicinity of Petropaulski, and in the island of 
Sakhalin, where I saw two near Korsakoff. 


HALIAETUS ALBICILLA BROOKSI (Hume). 
EASTERN GRAY SEA EAGLE. 


This bird was seen a few times in the vicinity of Petropaulski, and 
once near Korsakoff, Sakhalin. 

Specimens of white-tailed sea eagles from eastern Asia, the Com- 
mander Islands, and Japan are small, and are apparently identical 
with specimens in the National Museum collection from northern 
India, belonging to the race which has been named brooksi by Hume. 
Probably Aleutian and northwestern American records should be 
referred to this form. 





58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. | 
HALIAETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS ALASCANUS C. H. Townsend. ! 
| 


ALASKAN BALD EAGLE. 


Bald eagles were very common about Union Bay, Vancouver 
Island, and abundant at Unalaska. They were very common at Atka, 
where on a small island off the coast an Indian shot 175 last winter to 
prevent their making depredations on the young of a colony of blue 
foxes which had been established there. I did not see any of these 
sxagles on Agattu, Attu, or the Commander Islands. 


Family FALCONID. 
FALCO PEREGRINUS ANATUM (Bonaparte). 
DUCK HAWKE. 


In my collection there is a typical young female of this subspecies, 
secured by Mr. F. M. Chamberlain off the Colombian coast, about 
100 miles southwest of Panama, in November, 1903. It agrees with 
another specimen from Colombia in the National Museum collection, 
and with specimens from the United States. 


FALCO PEREGRINUS PEALEI Ridgway. 
PEALE'S FALCON. TSCHORNIJ JASTRIP. AGULEK. 


This species was observed on all the Aleutian Islands we visited, 
but did not appear to be abundant. It was noticed at Bering Island, 
and several were seen at Simushir in the Kurils. Peale’s Falcon is 
strikingly different from the Peregrine in life, appearing at a little 
distance quite black. About the rocky and barren shores of the 
Aleutian and Kuril islands the actions of this bird are in every way 
similar to those of its representative Falco peregrinus anatum in its 
winter haunts along the shores of the West Indies. 


‘amily PANDIONIDA. 
PANDION HALIAETUS (Linnzus), subspecies. 


OSPREY. 


Ospreys were common about Petropaulski at the time of my visit, 
but I did not notice them anywhere else. 

The material available is insufficient for me to form an opinion as 
to the identity of the east Asiatic with the European or with the 
American bird; they appear, however, to be slightly nearer the latter. 


PANDION HALIAETUS CAROLINENSIS (Gmelin). 
AMERICAN OSPREY. 


The Fish Hawk was not uncommon about Union Bay, Vancouver 
Island, at the time of my visit. 


no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK., 59 


Order SirRiGes: 
family STRIGID. 
ASIO FLAMMEUS (Pontoppidan). 


SHORT-EARED OWL. 


At Unalaska I saw Short-eared Owls frequently in the low grassy 
district near Dutch Harbor, but they were very shy, and I did not 
succeed in getting any specimens. I did not happen to see this bird 
at any other point during the entire cruise. 


STRIX OCCIDENTALE CAURINUM (Merriam). 


MERRIAM’S SPOTTED OWL. 


This owl was not uncommon in the woods about Union Bay, 
Vancouver Island. 
SURNIA ULULA DOLIATA (Pallas). 


SIBERIAN HAWK OWL. 


Some species of owl was very common about Petropaulski at the 
time of my visit. It occurred along the ridge of hills behind the 
town, wherever there were large trees. The birds were very noisy, 
and kept up a continual hooting all day long. Owing to the dense, 
and in some places almost impenetrable, undergrowth, I found it 
impossible to approach any of them, although several hours were 
wasted in the attempt. As this is the only owl known from this 
locality at this season, it seems probable that this was the form. 

From certain remarks made by authors, it would seem as if the 
Hawk Owl of Kamchatka represented a good subspecies, distinguished 
by a greater development in the amount of white in the plumage; but 
a specimen from Petropaulski collected by Dr. W. H. Dall, in the 
National Museum, while rather light in general coloration, is easily 
matched by specimens of S. w. doliata from other parts of its range. 
The record of Surnia ulula from Alaska should be referred to this form, 
Surnia ulula doliata (Pallas). 


Order COCCYGES. 
Suborder CUCULI. 
family CUCULID. 
Subfamily CUCULIN ®. 
CUCULUS CANORUS TELEPHONUS (Heine). 
EASTERN CUCKOO. KAKKOK. 

The Eastern Cuckoo was abundant in the scrubby growth about 
Petropaulski, and its loud and clear “cuck-oo,”’ which was heard all 
through the day from sunrise to sunset, was one of the characteristic 
bird notes of the locality. 


60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Suborder ALCYONES. 
Family ALCEDINID. 
CERYLE ALCYON (Linneus). 
BELTED KINGFISHER. 

I found the Belted Kingfisher rather common about Dockton, 
Washington, and about Union Bay, Vancouver Island, at the time 
of my visit. 

Order PICI. 
Family PICID. 
PICUS MARTIUS (Linnzus). 
GREAT BLACK WOODPECKER. KUMAGERA. 
Dryocopus martius reichenowi Kotur, Orn. Monatsb., June, 1906, p. 95. 

I saw a single specimen of this handsome and striking species near 
the town of Korsakoff, Sakhalin. 

Kothe has bestowed a subspecifice name upon this bird in the 
eastern part of its range; but aspecimen in the U.S. National Museum 
taken by Doctor Stejneger at Cape Patience, Sakhalin, agrees per- 
fectly with examples from Europe. Mr. Buturlin, in a recent study 
of this species, has also come to the conclusion that there is no 
recognizable eastern form. 

DRYOBATES VILLOSUS HARRISII (Audubon). 
HARRIS’ WOODPECKER. 

This woodpecker was rather common about Dockton, Washington, 

and Union Bay, Vancouver Island. Specimens secured are typical 


of the race. 
DRYOBATES PUBESCENS GAIRDNERII (Audubon). 


GAIRDNER'S WOODPECEER. 

Gairdner’s Woodpecker was common about Dockton, Washington, 

principally in clearings in which were scattered dead trees. 
COLAPTES AURATUS LUTEUS (Bangs). 
NORTHERN FLICKER. 

The National Museum collection contains a Flicker which was cap- 
tured on St. Georges Island, Pribiloff group, in the autumn of 1904 by 
James Judge. In a letter dated October 5, 1904, he mentions the 
bird as ‘‘recently shot.’’ This appears to be the first record of this 
species for the Bering Sea islands. 

COLAPTES CAFER SATURATIOR (Ridgway). 
NORTHWESTERN FLICKER. 

The Northwestern Flicker was common at Dockton, Washington, 
and at Union Bay, Vancouver Island. A female secured at the latter 
locality is typical of the form. 








no.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS” CRUISE—CLARK. 61 
YUNX TORQUILLA (Linnzus). 
WRYNECK. ARISU. 
A male Wryneck was captured on board the Albatross on October 
2, when off the northeast coast of Yezo, near the southern Kurils. 


af) 

It is darker above and below than any of the specimens of this 
species in the National Museum collection, even darker than the 
specimen from Urakami, Kiusiu, mentioned by Doctor Stejneger.4 
The measurements are: Wing, 79 mm.; tail, 65 mm.; culmen, 15 mm.; 


tarsus, 20 mm.; middle toe, 17 mm. 


Order MACROCHIRES. 
Suborder CYPSELI. 

Family MICROPODID.1%. 
Subfamily MICROPODIN ~2£#. 
MICROPUS PACIFICUS (Latham). 
WHITE-RUMPED SWIFT. 

What appeared to be this species was very abundant about the 
rugged shores and summits of the more inaccessible rocky hills on 
Matsushima. 

Suborder TROCHILI. 
Family TROCHILID. 
SELASPHORUS RUFUS (Gmelin). 

RUFOUS HUMMINGBIRD. 


This elegant little hummingbird was very common about Dockton, 
Washington, and about Union Bay, Vancouver Island. 


Order PASSERES. 
Suborder CLAMATORES. 
Family TYRANNID. 
MYIOCHANES RICHARDSONII (Swainson). 
WESTERN WOOD PEEWEE. 


This species was found not uncommonly about Dockton at the 
time of our visit. 
EMPIDONAX DIFFICILIS Baird. 
WESTERN FLYCATCHER. 


Common about Dockton, Washington, and Union Bay, Vancouver 
Island. Other flycatchers were seen at these localities, but as no 
specimens were secured I can not be sure of their identity. 





@Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 296, 





62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Suborder OSCINES. 
Family ZOSTEROPID/‘. 
? ZOSTEROPS STEJNEGERI (Seebohm). 
STEJNEGER’S WHITE-EYE. 


I found a species of Zosterops, whether Z. stejnegert or Z. japonicus 
I am unable to say, common on Matsushima in the Sea of Japan. 


Family ALAUDID. 
ALAUDA ARVENSIS BLAKISTONI Stejneger. 


KAMCHATKAN SEKYLARE. 


The Kamchatkan Skylark was rather common in the meadows 
about Petropaulski where it was in full song, and I met with a few 
about the sand dunes near Nikolskoi, on Bering Island. 


Family CORVID/. 
Subfamily GARRULIN 44. 
PICA PICA KAMTSCHATICA Stejneger. 


KAMCHATKAN MAGPIE. EKAKUE. 


This fine magpie was common about Petropaulski at the time of 
our visit, and was perhaps the most conspicuous bird. I found it in 
all situations, but most frequently on scrubby hillsides. It was very 
shy and difficult to approach. 


CYANOCITTA STELLERI STELLERI (Gmelin). 
STELLER’S JAY. 


Steller’s Jay was common in the woods about Dockton, Washing- 
ton, and Union Bay, Vancouver Island. 


Subfamily CORVIN AX. 
CORVUS CORAX PRINCIPALIS Ridgway. 


NORTHERN RAVEN. 


The raven is the only corvine bird found in the Aleutian Islands, 
although the American Magpie occurs on the Alaska peninsula and on 
the Shumagins. On Unalaska and Atka I found these birds very 
common, and, about the towns, very bold. They frequented the sea 
front of the town of Unalaska, and several were seen about the houses 
of the town on Atka. Away from the villages, however, they were 
very shy, and I found it difficult to secure specimens. They were 
most abundant along the beaches and cliffs bordering the sea, but in 
these situations they were very shy, much more so than the eagles. I 
saw none on Agattu, nor did I find any traces of them, although they 
occur there; possibly their distribution on that island is local. On 


eae 2 a Ee EEL 


no. 1727. BIRDS OF THE 1966 “ALBATROSS " CRUISNE—CLARK. 63 





Attu comparatively few were seen, not more than six or seven during 
the entire stay; but here again they may have deserted the district 
about the harbor for some of the streams where the salmon were run- 
ning where they could be sure of a good supply of food. 


CORVUS CORAX BEHRINGIANUS Dybowski. 


COMMANDER ISLAND RAVEN. VORON. 


I only saw this species once, on Copper Island, about the cliffs near 
the sea. 
CORVUS CORAX KAMTSCHATICUS Dybowski. 
KAMCHATKAN RAVEN. 


This bird also I only met with once, on the summit of a hill on the 
farther side of the large pond near Petropaulski. 


CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS CAURINUS (Baird). 
NORTHWEST CROW. 


I saw a few of these crows at Dockton, Washington, and found 
them abundant at Union Bay, Vancouver Island. They were com- 
mon along the beach in front of the town and about the houses, as 
well as in the woods along the shore. They were quite unsuspicious, 
and I had no trouble in securing specimens. 


CORVUS CORONE ORIENTALIS (Eversmann). 


EASTERN CARRION CROW. 


The Eastern Carrion Crow was common along the coasts near 
Petropaulski. There were a number on the wooded peninsula 
which separates the harbor of Petropaulski from Avacha Bay, 
where I found several nests in the trees along the crest of the bluff 
on the outer side. My efforts to reach them were, however, unsuc- 
cessful. 

On Simushir I found a pair of these birds about the cliffs at the 
right hand end of the sandy beach at Milne Bay. | 

The few crows observed on Matsushima were apparently of this 
species. 

CORVUS MACRORHYNCHOS JAPONENSIS (Bonaparte). 


JAPANESE RAVEN. 


This crow was very common at Hakodate, about the town, es- 
pecially in the park, as well as about the harbor. Individuals first 
boarded us long before we came to an anchorage, and, making the 
foreyard their headquarters, were quick to seize any opportunity for 
making off with pieces of meat or other provisions left unguarded. 
At Mororan they were also common, the first ones coming out to 
meet us when we were 2 miles or more from shore, and, as their 
visit had not been anticipated, their raid on the meat hung up in the 


64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





port gangway, was very rOCeiatne They were rather more bold 
here than at Hakodate, and frequented the hurricane deck, perching 
on the davits or the flagstaff at the stern watching for opportunities. 
They were quite fearless, but always managed to elude the vengeance 
of the cook or the men. 

In the Oki Islands there was a large crow roost in the outskirts of 
the town, the birds being apparently of this species. 


NUCIFRAGA CARYOCATACTES KAMCHATKENSIS Barrett-Hamilton. 


KAMCHATKAN NUTCRACKER. 


A few of these birds were seen on a hill near Petropaulski, in a 
grove of pines. eee 
Family FRINGILLID. 
PINICOLA ENUCLEATOR KAMTSCHATKENSIS (Dybowski). 
KAMCHATKAN PINE GROSBEAK. 


On June 17 I shot a male Pine Grosbeak on one of the hills behind 
Petropaulski. Although in immature plumage it was singing and 
the testicles were enlarged, indicating that probably it was a breeding 
bird. No others were seen. 

This specimen, compared with a series of eight P. e. enucleator from 
Norway, Sweden, and north Russia, shows no difference in size. A 
male from Sweden, and also a male from Pomerania, match it exactly 
in every dimension. In color, however, it is a purer, clearer gray, 
the yellow on the head more golden and brighter. 


PYRRHULA PYRRHULA KAMTSCHATICA (Taczanowski). 


KAMCHATKAN BULLFINCH. 


I saw a few of these bullfinches about Petropaulski, but did not 
succeed in getting any specimens. 


CARPODACUS PURPUREUS CALIFORNICUS (Baird). 


CALIFORNIA PURPLE FINCH. 


This species was very common about the town at Union Bay, 
Vancouver Island, where specimens were secured. A nest was 
found on May 15 containing half-grown young. It was in a thick 
bush, about three feet from the ground. 


CARPODACUS ERYTHRINUS GREBNITSKII Stejneger. 


GREBNITSKI’'S SCARLET ROSE FINCH. 


These handsome birds were abundant about the scrubby hillsides 
near Petropaulski, their pretty whistling song being, except that of 
Calliope calliope, the most characteristie bird note of the locality. 
Red and gray males appeared to be about equally common, the gray 
birds equaling the red in vocal efforts. Two of the latter which 
were secured (both in song at the time) had the sexual organs devel- 
oped, and appeared to be breeding birds. 


xo.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK., 65 


LEUCOSTICTE TEPHROCOTIS GRISEONUCHA (Brandt). 


ALEUTIAN LEUCOSTICTE. PETUSCHOK. 


The Aleutian Leucosticte was common on the Aleutian Islands we 
visited, and also on Copper and Bermg islands. At Unalaska and 
Atka it was most frequent at moderate elevations, about patches of 
snow, only one-or two being seen in the valleys. At Attu and on 
the Commander Islands I found it most commonly along the sea- 
coast, especially about rocky beaches. At Attu I found a pair about 
some cliffs just behind a narrow beach, whose actions led me to sus- 
pect that they had a nest in the vicinity, but I was unable to find it. 
I did not find this species on Agattu. 

Measurements of a series of 28 specimens from Unalaska, Atka, 
Adak, Kiska, Attu, and from Copper and Bering islands, show 
a tendency to an increase in size toward the west, which is correlated 
with a slight increase in intensity of coloration, the Unalaska birds 
averaging smaller and duller, and the Commander Island. birds 
larger and brighter, the others being intermediate. 


CHLORIS SINICA USSURIANUS Hartert. 


USSURILAND GREENFINCH. 


The Ussuriland Greenfinch was very common on Matsushima, in 
the Sea of Japan, where it frequented hillsides covered with scrubby 
bushes. In habits it appeared to be similar to the common Gold- 
finch (Carduelis carduelis). 


PASSERINA NIVALIS TOWNSENDI Ridgway. 


TOWNSEND’S SNOW BUNTING. SNIEGIROK. 


Townsend’s Snowflake is a common bird on all the Aleutian and 
on the Commander islands. It is usually very wary, and speci- 
mens are hard to secure. At Unalaska I found the Snowflakes 
common only in the higher altitudes, where the ground was largely 
covered with snow. They were here extremely shy, and T only suc- 
ceeded in getting four. At Atka also they were only found in the 
higher elevations where the ground was mainly snow covered, and 
I had great difficulty in obtaining specimens, more than in shooting 
ptarmigan. I did not find this species on Agattu; but I was unable 
to visit the more snowy districts of the island. On Attu and on the 
Commander Islands this bird was most ecmmon along the seacoast, 
especially about rocky beaches, where it was not at all difficult to 
get within range. At Attu, indeed, I saw none at all in the snowy 
districts. 

As in the case of the other resident finches of the Aleutian Islands, 
birds from Unalaska average the smallest, the average size gradually 
increasing, reaching a maximum on the Commander Islands. 


Proc.N.M.vol.38S—10 


5 





66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 38. 





One of my males from Unalaska has the feathers of the rump 
tipped with rusty (May 27, 1906). Two of the females in my collec- 
tion have considerable rusty on the rump, and all some on the scap- 
ulars. All the males have black bills. The females have dusky bills, 
except one from Attu, which. has the mandible except the tip yellow. 

On June 9, at Attu, I found a nest of this species, with four eggs. 
It was in a recess under a large bowlder, about a foot from the open- 
ing, which was almost completely hidden by a large tuft of grass. It 
was situated on the beach to the right of the harbor entrance, not 
much above high-water mark. The male was flushed from the nest 
and secured. 

CALCARIUS LAPPONICUS ALASCENSIS Ridgway. 


ALASKAN LONGSPUR. 


The Longspur is the most abundant bird throughout the Aleutian 
and Commander islands. Although occurring everywhere except in 
the highest altitudes, it is most common on the lower levels. Besides 
the Song Sparrow ( Melospiza) this was the only small bird I found on 
Agattu. 

Birds from the Aleutian Islands appear to average rather more 
brilliant in coloration than those from the mainland, the difference, 
however, being very slight. Aleutian specimens show a slight average 
tendency toward deeper colors toward the western part of the chain, 
not, however, approaching in richness of coloration C. 1. coloratus of 
the Commander Islands. 

Measurements of forty-seven specimens from the Aleutian and Com- 
mander islands show a tendency toward increased size at the western 
end of the chain and on the Commander Islands, the smallest birds 
coming from Unalaska, and the largest from Bering Island. The 
Commander Island birds, although bearing the same relation in size 
to birds from Attu and Agattu as birds from these islands.do to others 
from Atka, are markedly different in color; and it is interesting to 
note that, while Commander Island birds are in size just what we 
should expect did C. l. alascanus occur there, the color is wholly 
different. 

Aleutian specimens of C. 1. alascanus are somewhat larger than 
continental birds. 


CALCARIUS LAPPONICUS COLORATUS Ridgway. 
COMMANDER ISLAND LONGSPUR. TSCHELUTSCHJEK. 


This form is very common on the Commander Islands. Besides 
differing greatly in color, especially the females, from Aleutian birds, 
there is a decided difference in the notes; in addition to the regular 
song, which is the same as with @. 2. alascanus, they have another 
consisting of three somewhat whistling notes, very clear and sweet. 

Nineteen specimens from Copper and Bering islands show very little 
individual variation in color. 





no. 1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 67 


PASSERCULUS SANDWICHIENSIS SANDWICHIENSIS (Gmelin). 
SANDWICH SPARROW. 


This species was abundant on Unalaska, in the grassy lowlands. I 
obtained fourteen specimens near Dutch Harbor. I did not find it 
on any of the other islands we visited. It was also common at Union 
Bay, Vancouver Island, in grassy places near the shore. 


ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS NUTTALLI Ridgway. 
NUTTALL’S SPARROW. 


Nuttall’s sparrow was very common in the clearings and more open 
places about Dockton, Washington. The birds were in full song at 
the time of our visit. Specimens secured are typical of this subspecies. 


TISA VARIABILIS (Temminck). 
GRAY BUNTING. 
Tisa variabilis A. H. Cuark, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, p. 468. 


This species was rather common about Petropaulski, but was 
very retiring; I only found it in dense alder thickets, where it was 
usually seen on or near the ground. Owing to the difficulty of pene- 
trating these thickets without making considerable noise and startling 
all the inhabitants, I was only able to secure a single specimen, which 
I found, together with its mate, near a spring by the side of the large 
pond behind Petropaulski. 


MELOSPIZA CINEREA MORPHNA Oberholser. 
RUSTY SONG SPARROW. 


The Rusty Song Sparrow was very common about Dockton, Wash- 
ington, occurring in all open places and clearings. It was also abun- 
dant about Union Bay, Vancouver Island. On May 13, at the latter 
locality, I secured a young bird with the tail feathers nearly the full 
length, and found several others, one of which was taken, just able 
to fly.’ 

Specimens from both localities agree with others from Seattle, 
Washington, and Victoria, British Columbia, and are typical of the 
subspecies. 

MELOSPIZA MELODIA SANAKA McGregor. 


ALEUTIAN SONG SPARROW. 


I was not fortunate enough to find this form at Unalaska, although 
I searched carefully for it. At Atka it occurred, though not abun- 
dantly, in the rank grass along the beaches, and in the gorge of the 
small stream which flows through the town. At Agattu I found it 
in the tall grass along the shore about Macdonald Bay and along the 
marshy banks of the lower reaches of the stream which enters the sea 
at this point. At Attu it occurred in the grassy areas all along the 


65 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEU M. Vou. 38, 





shore and about the town. This bird does not. appear to be abundant 
anywhere, and seems to be strictly limited to the vicinity of the sea. 

A series of 29 birds from Unalaska, Atka, Kiska, Adak, Agattu, 
and Attu show considerable individual and seasonal variation in the 
intensity of the gray in the plumage. Birds from the western end of 
the chain appear to average rather grayer than those from Unalaska. 
They are also a trifle larger. 

In the National Museum collection there are 5 fully grown young 
from Unalaska, 3 shot on July 12, 1 on August 14, and 1 on August 
15: 1 from Kiska, taken July 7; a young bird, just able to fly, from 
Attu, June 11, and another, nearly fully grown, from Attu, June 20. 





PIPILO MACULATUS OREGONUS (Bell). 


OREGON TOWHEE. 


This bird was very common at Dockton, Washington, and at 
Union Bay, Vancouver Island, occurring aa in the more open 
places. 

Nine specimens, representing both localities, agree with Puget 
Sound specimens in the National Museum collection. 


HYPOCENTOR AUREOLUS (Pallas). 


YELLOW-BREASTED BUNTING. GOLDAMMER. 


I found this bird very common about Petropaulski, especially in 
pastures with scattered trees and bushes and on scrubby hillsides. 
Their song, which is very sweet and pleasing, was heard on all sides, 
this bird enklng next after Carpodacus erythrinus grebnitski and 
Calliope calliope as the third best vocalist of the district. 

A critical examination of twenty-one males of this species CR 
paulski, 8; Bering Island, 3; Yezo, 2; Goto Islands, 1; Siberia, 2; 
north Russia, 1; Tungchou, China , shot in the spring; and 
Yezo 2, and Canton 1, shot in the autumn and winter) shows that 
the Kamcehatkan birds average the largest, being considerably 
larger than Japanese. The Siberian specimens agree in size with 
Japanese, and the example from northern Russia is rather larger. 
The winter birds from China and Japan are larger than breeding ex- 
amples, indicating a northern origin. There is no color variation 
correlating with locality. While there is considerable individual 
variation, especially in regard to the dusky about the head and the 
extent of the black centers to the dorsal feathers and in the intensity 
of the maroon collar, I find that the two finest and most handsome 
specimens, which are practically alike in every way, come one-from 
the Goto Islands and the other from Petropaulski. These specimens 
have the maroon collar mixed with dusky feathers and bordered an- 
teriorly with black. 





No.i727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 69 


HYPOCENTOR RUSTICA (Pallas). 


RUSTIC BUNTING. 


This species was not rare about Petropaulski, although not as 
abundant as the preceding, frequenting the scrubby hillsides. 

A series of twelve males from Petropaulski, Bering Island, Yezo, 
and Pekin, China, shows no appreciable difference in coloration 
correlated with locality. The Kamchatkan birds are the largest, 
the Japanese specimens intermediate, and the Chinese ones the 
smallest. 

PASSER MONTANUS MONTANUS (Linneus). 


TREE SPARROW. 


Sparrows were very common about all the Japanese ‘towns, the 
Tree Sparrow of Europe becoming the House Sparrow of the east. 
One can not help noticing many advantages in having this neat, 
quiet, and unobtrusive little bird about a town rather than its larger, 
noisier, and’ more obstreperous relative. On Matsushima also this 
species was common about the houses and in the cultivated fields. 

A specimen from Hakodate, taken July 3, 1906, and two males 
from Fusan, taken on November 8, 1885, agree well with European 
examples in color, but, as in the case of all the eastern specimens in 
the museum, the beak is somewhat stouter. Although I have re- 
ferred the eastern birds to true Passer montanus montanus, I am not 
certain that it would not be better to recognize them as Passer mon- 
tanus orientalis. 


Family HIRUNDINID. 
HIRUNDO ERYTHROGASTER Boddaert. 
BARN SWALLOW. 
A few Barn Swallows were noticed about the village of Unalaska 
at the time of our visit. 
HIRUNDO TYTLERI Jerdon. 


BROWN-BELLIED SWALLOW. 


This species was seen at Petropaulski at the time of our visit. 
They were not numerous, and none were obtained. 
HIRUNDO RUSTICA GUTTURALIS (Scopoli). 
EASTERN CHIMNEY SWALLOW. 
This swallow was common about the Japanese towns, especially 


at Hakodate, where it was frequently seen to enter houses. I also 
found it common on Matsushima. 





70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Family VIREONID. 
VIREO GILVUS SWAINSONII (Baird). 
WESTERN WARBLING VIREO. 


The Western Warbling Vireo was fairly common about Dockton, 
Washington, but I only met with one or two at Union Bay. 


Family MNIOTILTID. 
HELMINTHOPHILA CELATA LUTESCENS Ridgway. 
LUTESCENT WARBLER. 

This warbler was rather common in the thickets about Dockton, 
Washington, and Union Bay, Vancouver Island. <A pair from the 
latter locality are very dusky; but this is probably accounted for by 
the fact that they were secured near the wharf where steamers are 
coaled and the plumage had become infiltrated with fine coal dust. 

DENDROICA A:STIVA RUBIGINOSA (Pallas). 
PALLAS’ WARBLER. 

The Yellow Warbler was the commonest of the warblers at Dockton 

and Union Bay, occurring about all the more open places and clear- 


ings in the woods. 
DENDROICA AUDUBONI (Townsend). 


AUDUBON’S WARBLER. 

Audubon’s Warbler was common both at Dockton and Union Bay, 
occurring mainly in the fir trees. 

DENDROICA NIGRESCENS (Townsend). 
BLACK-THROATED GRAY WARBLER. 

The Black-throated Gray Warbler was common both at Dockton 
and Union Bay, occurring about clearings in the woods. Specimens 
obtained are typical. 

Other species of this genus were seen about Dockton and Union 
Bay, but no specimens were obtained. 

GEOTHYLPIS TOLMIEI (Townsend). 
MACGILLIVRAY’S WARBLER. 


This species was common in the more open places about Dockton 
and Union Bay, Vancouver Island. 


Family MOTACILLIDE. 
MOTACILLA LUGENS Kittlitz. 
BLACK-BACKED KAMCHATKAN WAGTAIL. 


This bird was common about Petropaulski, frequenting the sea- 
shore, especially about rocky beaches. I also found it at Simushir 
in the Kurils, where I am certain it was breeding. 





| 
| 


a 


No.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS ” CRUISE—CLARK. 


-I 
— 





MOTACILLA, species. 


WHITE WAGTAIL. 


A White Wagtail, apparently a migrant, was the commonest 
small bird observed at Sakhalin, occurring abundantly about the 
beaches and about the piers and jetties of Korsakoff. Two which 
were observed at close range appeared to be J. lugens, but, as none 
were secured, their identity is uncertain. 


BUDYTES FLAVUS SIMILLIMUS Hartert. 


KAMCHATKAN YELLOW WAGTAIL. 


This bird was common in the lowlands about Petropaulski, espe- 
cially in a broad valley which makes inland from the large pond near 
the town. Five males were secured here. Two examples from 
Plover Bay, Siberia, are difficult to place; they appear to be interme- 
diate, one being somewhat nearer B. f. alascanus and the other nearer 
the present form. 

ANTHUS GUSTAVI Swinhoe. 


SCHLEGEL’S TITLARK. INKATSCHUGI. 


This Pipit was common near the town on Copper Island and on the 
grassy lowlands of Bering Island. It was plentiful also in the low- 
lands about Petropaulski. 


ANTHUS RUBESCENS (Tunstall). 
AMERICAN PIPIT. 

The American Pipit was found in the higher elevations on Unalaska, 
just below the snow line, but was not very common. <A female 
secured had eggs nearly ready tolay. I did not meet with it anywhere 
else. 

ANTHUS JAPONICUS Swinhoe. 
JAPANESE ALPINE PIPIT. 

I found this bird common in the grassy lowlands near Milne Bay, 
Simushir, but very shy and hard to get. The males were in full sone 
at the time of our visit, June 23. Specimens secured agree with others 
from Japan. 

PIPASTES MACULATUS (Jerdon). 
EASTERN TREE PIPIT. 

This bird was common about Petropaulski, more especially about 

the taller birch trees on the hills, from the top of which it would send 


forth its loud, clear, cheerful song, much after the manner of Seirus 
aurocapillus. 


/ 


~I 
bo 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





‘amily TROGLODY TIDE. 
NANNUS HIEMALIS PACIFICUS (Baird). 
WESTERN WINTER WREN. 
The Western Winter Wren was common about Dockton and Union 


Bay. There was at least one other species of wren at these places, but 
as I did not obtain specimens I can not be sure of the identity. 


NANNUS MELIGERUS (Oberholser). 
ATTU WREN. 

I found this wren common about the cliffs and rocky shores of Attu 
Island and in the gorge of the stream which enters the sea to the right 
of the town. I was not fortunate enough to find any other wrens in 
the Aleutian Islands. 

NANNUS PALLESCENS (Ridgway). 
COMMANDER ISLAND WREN. LIMASCHINKA. 

At Copper Island one or two of these wrens were seen about the 
cliffs near the town, but they did not seem to be common. I did not 
find them on Bering Island. 

Family CERTHID. 
CERTHIA FAMILIARIS OCCIDENTALIS Ridgway. 
WESTERN BROWN CREEPER. 


This bird was not uncommon in the woods about Dockton, Wash- 
ington, and Union Bay, Vancouver Island. 


Family PARID/A. 
PENTHESTES RUFESCENS RUFESCENS Townsend. 
CHESTNUT-BACKED CHICKADEE. 

The Chestnut-backed Chickadee was common about Dockton and 
Union Bay, usually in small flocks. Specimens secured are typical of 
the race. 

PENTHESTES KAMTSCHATICA (Bonaparte). 
KAMCHATKAN CHICKADEE. - 

A small company of these pretty little titmice was seen on one of 
the hillsides near Petropaulski. 

PERIPARUS ATER INSULARIS Hellmayr. 
JAPANESE COAL-TIT. 
A male of this form was caught on shipboard off Iwanai, on the east 


coast of Hondo, September 19, 1906. It is identical with others from 
Japan in the National Museum collection. 





\ x0.1727. BIRDS OF THE 1906 “ALBATROSS " CRUISE—CLARK. 73 


PSALTRIPARUS MINIMUS SATURATUS Ridgway. 


NORTHWESTERN BUSH-TIT. 


This bird was common in the bushes about Dockton, Wash- 
ington. Specimens brought back are typical of this subspecies. 


ACANTHOPNEUSTE BOREALIS XANTHODRYAS (Swinhoe). 


ARCTIC WILLOW WARBLER. 


A typical example of this subspecies, a female, was caught on board 
the Albatross in the Okhotsk Sea, about 7 miles west of Kunashir, 
Kurils, on October 1, 1906. 


ACROCEPHALUS JAPONICUS (Cassin). 


JAPANESE REED WARBLER. 


When I visited Simushir, in the Kurils, on June 23, 1906, I found 
this species abundant in the tall rank grass just back of the beach 
and about the piles of driftwood. It was by far the commonest bird 
on the island. The only other small birds I saw near Milne Bay were 
Anthus japonicus, which was rather common on the grassy lowlands 
behind the fringe of rank beach grass, and Motacilla lugens, which 
was not very common and only seen along the rocky seacoast. 

The seven specimens secured agree with others in the National 
Museum collection from the other Kurils and Japan. 


ACROCEPHALUS OCHOTENSIS (Middendorf). 


MIDDENDORF’S GRASSHOPPER WARBLER. 


When we were off the eastern coast of Sakhalin, and for the first 
half of the journey across the Okhotsk Sea, many birds of this genus, 
resembling those I had found on Simushir, but paler and more olive in 
color, came on board. I have tentatively referred them to A. ocho- 
tensis, although I can not be positive of the identification, as none 
were secured. 

HYLOCICHLA GUTTATA GUTTATA (Pallas). 


HERMIT THRUSH. 


The Hermit Thrush was occasionally seen in the woods near Dock- 
ton and about Union Bay, but did not appear to be common. 


PLANESTICUS MIGRATORIUS PROPINQUUS Ridgway. 


WESTERN ROBIN. 


The Western Robin was not uncommon about the more extensive 
_ clearings in the vicinity of Dockton and Union Bay and in the out- 
skirts of those two towns. Puget Sound specimens are deeper in 
; color than birds from more southern localities, especially on the 
_ breast, and I believe that eventually it will be found advisable to 
- them as a distinct race. 


74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 38. 





PETROPHILA MANILLA (Boddaert). 


BLUE AND RED ROCK THRUSH. ISO HIO-DORI. 
This bird was not uncommon on Matsushima, in the Sea of Japan. 


CALLIOPE CALLIOPE (Pallas). 


RUBY-THROATED NIGHTINGALE. KAMCHATKAN NIGHTINGALE. 


The ‘“‘Kamchatkan Nightingale” was the most abundant bird 
about Petropaulski and also the best songster. Its fine, clear song 
was the most characteristic bird note of the place, and was heard 
from sunrise to sunset. This species shows a preference for hillsides 
covered with scrubby growth, in which it is very adept at concealing 
itself. It is also common on the lowlands where any little clumps of 
bushes occur sufficient to afford it shelter. Most of its time is spent 
on or near the ground, but the song is usually delivered from the tops 
of the bushes or the lower limbs of small trees. If surprised in such a 
situation, the bird is very quick to take refuge in the thick under- 
brush. 

At Simushir I found two or three pairs of this species among the 
driftwood well beyond high-water mark. They were rather shy and 
kept well under cover. From their actions I judged that they were 
breeding here. 

A careful examination of twenty males of this species shows that 
breeding birds from Kamchatka are appreciably larger than those 
from Yezo in all dimensions. The birds appear to fall into two 
classes in regard to size; a larger, measuring, wing 78-83 (80.5) mm.; 
tail, 61-67 (64) mm.; tarsus, 29-32 (30.5) mm., which is the size of 
the Kamchatkan birds; and a smaller, measuring, wing72—76(74)mm. ; 
tail, 58-60 (59) mm; tarsus, 27-30 (28.5) mm., which is the size of 
breeding birds from Yezo. 

Of autumn and winter birds belonging to the first class, the National 
Museum possesses specimens from the following localities: Hakodate, 
Yezo (2); at sea off Kinkesan Light, Hondo; Yaeyama Island; Amoy, 
China; Malate, Philippines; and of the second class from Tung Chow, 
China (2); Malate, Philippines; and Nepal. 

I can find no constant difference in color between birds from differ- 
ent localities not apparently the result of individual variation, but 
my material is unsatisfactory in this respect. 

During the first two weeks of October, when we were about the 
southern Kurils and the eastern coast of Yezo and Hondo, these birds 
were frequent visitors to the ship. One was captured on October 10, 
several miles east of Kinkesan Light, on the coast of Hondo. 


at cee i tie i a 


DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF DEEP-WATER SCUL- 
PIN (TRIGLOPSIS ONTARIENSIS) FROM LAKE ONTARIO, 
WITH NOTES ON RELATED SPECIES. 


By Davin Starr JorpANn and WitiiAmM Francis THOMPSON, 
Of Stanford University, California. 


In the work of the International Fisheries Commission on Lake 
Ontario, Dr. Seth Eugene Meek, acting as assistant to the commis- 
sion, secured a fine specimen of a species of sculpin from deep water 
off Toronto. 

This specimen belongs to the genus Triglopsis of Girard, the fresh- 
water representative of the marine genus Oncocottus, and it is pre- 
sumably descended from species of the latter genus left in the Great 
Lakes on their elevation from the sea. 

This specimen, which is in very perfect condition, may be described 
as follows: 

TRIGLOPSIS ONTARIENSIS Jordan and Thompson; new species. 


One specimen, No. 64599 U.S.N.M., 128 mm. long, taken in deep 
water off Toronto by Dr. Seth Eugene Meek. 

Head 3} in length to base of caudal; depth 4}; width at base of 
pectorals 4; orbit 5 in head; interorbital space 54; depth of caudal 
peduncle equal to interorbital space, its length 2 in head; height of 
first dorsal twice in width of body at pectorals, of second dorsal twice 
that of first; dorsal rays IX—15; anal 14; pectoral 16. 

Body broad, head depressed, cylindrical from pectorals to caudal 
peduncle, which is slightly compressed. Head long, broad; snout 
moderate, 33 in head; gape wide; interorbital space broad, concave; 
maxillaries extending to below posterior margin of eyes; eyes large; 
gill membranes attached to isthmus very narrowly, almost forming a 
fold across; a short slit behind fourth gill; a short spine above each 
orbit, one on each side of median line at occiput; four blunt ones on 
preoperculum, of which the dorsal and largest points upward and 
backward, the ventral downward, the others pointing backward and 
downward; none curved or hooked; one on operculum at lower angle, 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38, No. 1728. 


io 


76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





much smaller than others; three on each side at junction of operculum 
edge and body, attached to shoulder girdle and posterior bones of 
head, all rather small, curved posteriorly, and hooked; a similar one 
on upper angle of operculum; dorsal surface of head slightly rough- 
ened by small papille; body smooth, without scales or bristles. 
Lateral line following line of dorsal, well above axis of body, chain- 
like, reaching center of caudal peduncle, well developed throughout. 
First dorsal much lower than second, the latter being twice the 
former when longest rays are measured to tip; base of first longer 
than height; base of second equal to its height and to body width at 
pectorals; rays of second produced into filaments two-fifths of total 
leneth, last six bifureated; anal similar to second dorsal in insertion 





FiG. 1.—TRIGLOPSIS ONTARIENSIS JORDAN AND THOMPSON. 


and length, but rays much less produced as filaments; pectorals very 
broad at base, long, their insertion less oblique than in Triglopsis 
thompsoni, tip extending considerably beyond insertion of second 
dorsal and vent, which is beneath last of first dorsal; ventrals long, 
reaching to anus, but not as long as pectorals. Vent slightly nearer 
caudal base than tip of snout. 
Color in spirits a darker yellowish ground with mottled dark above, 
forming 4 or 5 indistinct stripes across body; below colorless; dorsal, 
pectoral, and caudal fins with indistinct cross bands on light back- 
cround, tips clear, ventrals and anals clear save for light stippling on 
anal. ' 
The skeleton of the head is very soft and cavernous 





ee 


————— - —_ CU 


No. 1728. 





A NEW SCULPIN—JORDAN AND THOMPSON. 


~I 
~] 























Comparative measurements of T. ontariensis, **T. stimpsoni,’’ and T. thompsoni. 
Thompsoni. 
Ontariensis. | ‘‘Stimpsoni.’’ (after 
Girard). 
UOC Yiape)neiaisixteyele aisieicie Ste sew ee cassc's sess ae eae enters Lake Lake Lake 
Ontario off | Michigan off | Ontario off 
Toronto. Chicago. Oswego. 
a ength without caudal ............-----seeeeeeeceeees mm... 128 59 88 
DBD EOL DOG Vies seen cae wesc oro teen esos serene hundredths. . | 0.21 0.165 0. 165 
NWiclthi ab PECCONAS a ssanec tiemce se cow ses cre deisel neces GOze a: 26 albD |e eee 
AC a teen et Sern age See aches sisicica disc Skea se bine ees GOz- 27 33 | p30 
Distance from vent tosnout..................-2--225.-- do._.2- 55 .50 | 50 
Wepth ofcaudal peduncle... 2. ..4...-22....002.-208- do. 4; 06 045 | 05 
Length of same from anal tocaudal rays. .....---2....-- G0s--2 16 13 .13 
MOrSAalTays 32. .25.- see ee See ate oR ccs aio no.. IX-15 VIII-14 VII-18 
ENTIAL Si os RI ea ieee no.. 14 14 15 
IOC HOLRAMT AVS acces eee cease ouleweniscl wie staves ee se no.. 16 18 | 18 
PAG HIOSUC PAIS ee oe ee eal Oo s.w cee seme de eee Sens be no.. 6 6 | 6 
WGenethiOnsnoOutes .< ec scecncs -cnsekaee eee ease hundredths. . 0. 09 0.10 | 0.12 
Diameter of orbit (bone to bone)..........-----.------- do.... . 065 . 09 . O85 
Maxillary length from tip of snout.....-..............-. doz... 13 15 15 
PREECTOL DI GAL WAGU) 322 22cc 252 ec 2 3k Sora cke ore ection esses Osea 06 ROS ie ote ae 
Pectoral length (longest ray)....-.-.-..-..------------- do.... 32 “2p 22 
Pectoral base(width). 2.2.2... .2.2. sec cc wees eccicecaes do... 14 Soler eneeee eee 
First dorsal height (longest ray).....-..---..-..---+----- do.... 13 ell 09 
Second dorsal height (longest ray).......-.....--------- do... . .27 o15 aoe 
HDS As aSeSeme a ees oe oe ese min ee are Sens tose cle cates do....} 0.19 + .26 O:16 5528. |e. sesh eec cass 
PROS beeen Seca nee senescence cane asa ts sone eed do.... 215 Sa ee eee 
PAVIA SOME Me ei seh oe yee ep eaaie Moyo gmceaas eases Goze. oe 29 30 
DV@NILEAIMCN PEN 2 ee Sno aoe ce cece coe ces ee hewe toca sss’ COs25: . 24 alo 14 








a Al] measurements are in hundredth of body length to base of caudal. 


We have compared with this specimen an example from deep water 
off Chicago (No. 629 Stanford University) collected by Dr. Stephen 
A. Forbes. To this Lake Michigan species, the name of Triglopsis 
stimpsoni was given by Doctor Hoy in 1872 ¢ from a specimen col- 
lected by himself. 





Fic. 2.—TRIGLOPSIS STIMPSONI Hoy. 


This specimen agrees with the description and figures of Triglopsis 
thompsoni from Lake Ontario in all respects except the following: 

Lateral line distinct to last rays of second dorsal. Dorsal rays 
VIII-14 ; anal rays 14, ending opposite second dorsal. The soft 
dorsal is not very much higher than spinous dorsal. In Triglopsis 
thompsoni, the soft dorsal is three times as high as the first, the dorsal 
rays are VII-18, and the anal rays 15, the lateral line is distinct to 








aTrans. Wis. Acad. Sci., 1872, p. 98. 


78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





eighth soft ray of dorsal. In T. ontariensis, which has a much deeper 
and thicker body, the second dorsal is twice as high as the first, which 
is also unusually high. The lateral line is distinct to the base of 
caudal, and the mouth is much smaller than in T. thompson or 
T. stimpsom, the snout being also shorter. 

We present a figure of the specimen from Lake Michigan, typical 
of the nominal species, Triglopsis stimpsom. We are unable, without 
more material, to determine whether Triglopsis stimpsoni is a valid 
species or not. The lower dorsals and the smaller number of fin 
rays constitute the chief apparent differences. This figure, as also 
the figure of Triglopsis ontariensis, is drawn by Mr. W. 8. Atkinson. 


<a 





ys 
\ 


Hy sully 


Fic. 3.—COTTUS RICEI (NELSON) FROM THE ORIGINAL TYPE. 


Among the remains of Triglopsis thompsoni from stomachs of the 
predatory ling (Lota maculosa), off Oswego, examined by Doctor Girard, 
are also fragments of another little-known deep-water sculpin, Cottus 
ricet (Nelson). Of this species, which has never been figured, we 
present an outline made from Nelson’s original type many years ago. 


aaa 


REPORT ON ISOPODS FROM PERU, COLLECTED BY 
DR. R. E. COKER. 


By Harrier Ricuarpson, 


Collaborator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U.S. National Museum. 


In a collection of isopods sent by Dr. Robert E. Coker to the U.S. 
National Museum are three species, two of which are new to science. 
The third species, Meinertia gaudichaudw (Milne Edwards), has pre- 
viously been recorded from Peruvian shores by Schicedte and Meinert % 
in 1883. At an earlier date, 1877, Miers,’ in a paper entitled On a 
collection of Crustacea, chiefly from South America, described a spe- 
cies of Anilocra from Peru, and also recorded Cymothoa estrum as 
probably occurring there. These are the only marine isopods so far 
recorded from Peru. 

MEINERTIA GAUDICHAUDII (Milne Edwards). 

Cymothoa gaudichaudii MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 3, 1840, p. 271. 

Ceratothoa rapax HELLER, Reise Novara, Crust., 1865, p. 146, fig. 17. 

Ceratothoa gaudichaudii Scui@pre and Mernert, Nat. Tidsskr. (3), vol. 13, 1883, 
p. 335, pl. 13, figs. 11-15. 

Meinertia gaudichaudii SteBBING, Hist. Crust., 1893, p. 345.—RicHarpson, Proc. 
U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1899, p. 829; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vol. 4, 1899, 
p. 171; Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 3, 1901, p. 568.—SreBBINnG, Willey’s 
Zool. Results, 1902, p. 643. 

Locality.—Mollendo, Peru: From the mouth of a large ‘‘Jurel.”’ 

Distribution.—F rom Mazatlan, Mexico, to Chile; Galapagos Islands. 
Also recorded from the Louisiade Archipelago, New Guinea. 

Description.—Body elongate, nearly three times as long as broad, 
16 mm.: 45 mm. 

Head nearly twice as wide as long, 4 mm.: 7 mm., somewhat tri- 
angular in shape, with apex obtuse. The head is deeply set in the 
first thoracic segment, the narrow and acute antero-lateral angles of 
which extend half the length of the head. Eyes small, distinct, irreg- 
ular in outline, but inclined to be square, and placed at the sides of 
the head, a little below the middle. 


@ Nat. Tidsskr. (3), vol. 13, 1883, p. 335, pl. 18, figs. 11-15. 
6 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 671. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38, No. 1729. 
79 


80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


The first antennz are composed of seven articles, the two first ones 
being almost fused; they extend just below the eye. The second 
antenn are composed of nine articles and extend to the posterior 
margin of the head. The basal articles of the first pair of antenne are 
adjacent on the ven- 
tral side. The arti- 
cles of both pairs of 
antenne are greatly 
dilated and flattened. 
The maxillipeds have 
a palp of two articles. 
The palp of the man- 
dibles is composed of 
three articles, the ter- 
minal one being very 
slender and minute. 
The second maxillee 


Fic. 1—MEINERTIA GAUDICHAUDI (AFTER SCHIG:2DTE AND MEIN- termin ate Im two 
ERT). @, ADULT FEMALE. b, ADULT FEMALE. c, LATERAL view lobes furnished with 


OF THORAX. (ENLARGED.) -small hooks. 

The first segment of the thorax is longer than any of the others, 
being 6 mm. in length; the second and fifth segments are subequal, 
each being 4 mm. 
long; the third and 
fourthareeach5 mm. 
in length; the sixth 
segment is 3) mm. 
long; the seventh is 2 
mm.long. Theante- 
ro-lateral angles of 
the first segment are 
narrow and acute and 
are produced forward 
to about the middle 
of the head. The epi- 
mera are distinctly 








Fic, 2.—MEINERTIA GAUDICHAUDI (AFTER SCHIGEDTE AND MEINERT). 
separated on all the a, YOUNG OF FIRST STAGE. b, SECOND LEG OF ADULT MALE. 
C, LATERAL VIEW OF THORAX OF ADULT MALE. d, ADULT MALE. 
( ENLARGED.) 


Six following seg- 
ments. They are nar- 
row, elongated plates, not extending quite to the posterior margin 
of the segments. 

The abdomen is deeply set in the thorax. The first seement has 
the sides covered by the last thoracic segment. The four following 
segments are as wide as the seventh thoracic segment or wider. The 
sixth or terminal segment is trapezoidal, almost twice as wide as 








eee 


. oo 


NO. 1729. ISOPODS FROM PERU—RICHARDSON, 81 





long,7 mm. by 13 mm. The post-lateral angles are rounded and the 
posterior margin straight. The uropoda are a little longer than the 
terminal abdominal segment. The inner branch is slightly longer 
than the outer branch. Both are narrow, elongate, and produced 
to acute and tapering extremities. 

The legs are all prehensile, and terminate in short, stout dactyli. 
There is a high carina on the basis of the last four pairs of legs, the 
carina increasing in height from the fourth to the seventh pair, 
where it is extremely high.¢ 





SPHAROMA PERUVIANUM, new species. 


Body oblong-ovate, covered with small granules, which on the 
abdomen become much more numerous and larger, more like tubercles. 

Head large, wider than long, with the front produced in a small 
median point. Two small tubercles are situated close to the anterior 
margin, one on either side of the median line. 
The eyes are placed in the post-lateral angles 
and are large and composite. The first anten- 
nx have the first article twice as long as 
wide; the second article is half as long as the 
first ; the third is slender and is about as long 
as the first two taken together; the flagel- 
lum is composed of eleven articles and ex- 
tends to the middle of the lateral margin of 
the first thoracic segment. The second an- 
tenn, with a flagellum of nineteen articles, 
extend to the posterior margin of the second 
thoracic segment. The first maxilla has the 
inner lobe furnished with four plumose pro- 
cesses, the outer lobe with thirteen spines, 
eight long and five short ones. The mandible 
has the apical tooth trifid. 

The segments of the thorax, with the ex- yy. 3 —spneroma peRUVIANUM. 
ception of the first, have a transverse tuber- ~ 5! (Drawn by Miss V. Dan- 
culated ridge. The seventh segment is fur- a 
nished with four large tubercles in a transverse line, two on either 
side of the median line. The lateral parts of all the segments are 
produced in narrow triangular lobes, with rounded extremities. 

The first segment of the abdomen has two large tubercles, one on 
either side of the median line, and two smaller ones on either side of 
these, making six in a transverse row. The terminal segment is 
broadly rounded posteriorly, with the apex slightly truncate. On 
the anterior portion are six prominent tubercles, four in a transverse 





a ¥or description of the male, female, and young of the first stage, see Schicedte 
and Meinert, Nat. Tidsskr. (3), vol. 13, 1883, p. 335. 


Proc.N.M.vol.88—10——6 


82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 





verse row, one on either side of the median line. Close to the lateral 
margin on either side, and just below the middle of the segment, there 
is a thick bunch of hairs. The inner branch of the uropoda is pointed 
at the extremity and extends but little beyond the abdomen. The outer 





Fic. 4.—SPHEROMA PERUVIANUM. @, MANDIBLE. X 23. b, FIRST MAXILLA. X41. C, MAXILLIPED. X 41. 
d, FIRSTLEG. ¢€,SECONDLEG. /, THIRDLEG. g,FOURTHLEG. h, FIFTH LEG. “%, SIXTH LEG. X 14}. 


branch has two teeth on the outer margin, with only a feeble indica- 
tion of a third. This branch is about as long as the inner branch 
and is also pointed at the extremity. The first-three pairs of legs 
are long and slender, the last four short and stout. All are covered 
with long hairs. 


line, two on either side of the median line and two below this trans-_ 





‘ 
4 
; 


eke 


ating ge 208m Oe 


Views 






No. 1729. ISOPODS FROM PHERU—RICHARDSON. 83 





A large number of specimens were collected in the oyster beds of 
Matapalo (near Capon), Peru. They were found in wood, in holes 
bored by them. The wood was completely honeycombed. 

The following notes were supplied by Doctor Coker: ‘‘These small 
crustacea are economically significant, since they enter the green 
stems and roots of the mangroves, causing the wood to decay. The 
falling away of these destroyed branches and roots causes the loss of 
the many oysters attached to them. As I rarely observed the Teredo 
in the green stems, it seems that these crustacea are the most per- 
nicious form and undoubtedly they prepare the way for the more 
rapidly destructive Teredo. (A nest of young included.) ‘Piojos de 
Mangle’ (Mangrove louse). Fishermen attribute to these the destruc- 
tion of oysters that is really accomplished by the drill.” 

This species differs from the other wood-boring forms of this genus 
in the smaller number of teeth on the outer branch of the uropoda, 
in the shape of the terminal segment, in the difference in the arrange- 
ment of the tubercles, in the presence of a bunch of hairs on either 
side of the terminal segment, in the trifid apical tooth of the mandi- 
bles, in having four plumose processes on the inner lobe of the first 
maxille and thirteen on the outer lobe, and tn the difference in the 
shape of the maxillipeds. 

Ty pe-specomen.—Cat. No. 40333, U.S.N.M. 


ORBIMORPHUS, new genus. 


Body of adult female, ovate. 

Head large, with a narrow frontal border. 

Lateral bosses present on the first four segments of the thorax. 
Lateral to these are the epimera, which extend the entire length of 
the lateral margin. Epimera are present on all the segments of the 
thorax and on the first four segments of the abdomen, but are not 
greatly developed. There are four pairs of double-branched pleo- 
pods, and a pair of double-branched uropoda. 

The male has all the segments of the thorax distinct. Those of 
the abdomen are fused, but at the base of the abdominal segment is 
a notch on either side indicating a fused first segment. There are 
no uropods or pleopods. 

Type of the genus.—Orbimorphus constrictus, new species. 

This genus is very close to Orbione Bonnier but differs in having 
the pleural lamelle or epimera of the thorax and abdomen of the 
female not so enormously developed. The male® also differs in 
having the first segment of the abdomen indicated by a notch on 
either side of the terminal segment. 





a@The male of Orbione Bonnier has not been described or figured, but I hope soon to 
give a figure of this form from a specimen of O. penei collected recently by the Bureau 
of Fisheries steamer Albatross, 


84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38, 





ORBIMORPHUS CONSTRICTUS, new species. 


Body of adult female ovate, somewhat irregular in outline. 

Head large, and with a narrow frontal border. Eyes absent. 
First pairof antenne small, composed of three articles, the terminal one 
being minute. Second pair of antenne concealed by the mouth parts. 

The seven segments of the thorax are distinct. Lateral bosses are 
present on the first four. Lateral to these are the epimeral plates, 
which extend the entire length of the lateral margin, and which are 
larger on one side of 
the body than on the 
other. The epimera of 
the last three segments 
are also well developed. 

The abdomen is com- 
posed of five segments, 
the fifth or terminal 
segment being small and 
not provided with pleu- 
ral plates as are the first 
four segments. The seg- 
ments of the abdomen 
are rather indistinctly 
defined in the middle 
of the dorsal region. 
There are four pairs of 
double-branched pleo- 
pods, the lamelle being 
leaf-like. The uropods 
are a pair of double- 
branched. oval lamelle, | 
a little shorter. than 
the branches of the pleo- 
pods, all of which en- 
circle the abdomen, and 
FIG. 5.—ORBIMORPHUS CONSTRICTUS. @, ADULT FEMALE. X 14}. project beyond the pleu- 

b, FIRST LAMELLA OF MARSUPIUM. X 23. ¢, SEVENTH LEG OF ral plates of the abdom- 
FEMALE. X 41. d, MALE. X 41. : 
inal segments. There 
are seven pairs of prehensle legs, all furnished with a high rounded. 
carina on the basis. There are five pairs of incubatory plates, the 
first pair having the distal half produced in a small lobe. 

The male is narrowly elongate. The head is large, transversely 
oval. Eyes are small and distinet. All seven segments of the 
thorax are distinctly defined, with lateral margins not contiguous, but 
separated byasmallindentation. Thesegmentsof the abdomen are all 
united to form a single tapering segment, with posterior extremity 








No. 1729. ISOPODS FROM PERU—RICHARDNSON. 85 


rounded. Near the base on either side is a small notch probably 
indicating the first fused segment. There are no pleopods or uropods. 
One male and one female were collected at Matapalo (near Capon), 
Peru. They were taken from the branchial cavity of Petrolisthes 
armatus (Gibbes) which was found in oyster beds. 
Ty pe-specimen.—Cat. No. 40133, U.S.N.M. 


ADDITIONAL ISOPODS KNOWN FROM PERU. 
ANILOCRA LAVIS Miers. 
Anilocra txvis Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 672, pl. 68, fig. 6. 
Localities.—Martinique; Peru. 
CYMOTHOA CSTRUM (Linnzus). 

(?) Oniscus estrum LINNEvs, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1766, p. 1059.—Faprictus, 
Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 294. 

Cymothoa estrum Fasrictus, Syst. Ent., vol. 2, 1793, p. 505.—Leracn, Trans. 
Linn. Soc., vol. 11, 1815, p. 372.—Desmarest, Cons. Gén. Crust., 1825, 
p. 309, pl. 47, figs. 6, 7—Mrmne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 3, 1840, 
p. 269; Régne Anim. Cuvier (éd. Crochard), Crust., pl. 45, fig. 1.—SprNcE 
Bate and Westwoop, Hist. Brit. Sessile-eyed Crust., 1868, vol. 2, p. 274, 
footnote.—Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 671.—Scnuiaprr and 





Meiert, Nat. Tidsskr. (3), vol. 14, 1883, p. 271, pl. 8, figs. 5-6. 





Fig. 6.—CYMOTHOA STRUM (AFTER SCHIG:DTE AND MEINERT). @, YOUNG OF THE SECOND STAGE 
(ENLARGED). 0, YOUNG OF THE FIRST STAGE (ENLARGED). C, LATERAL VIEW OF THORAX OF ADULT 
FEMALE (REDUCED). d, ADULT MALE (ENLARGED), €, ADULT FEMALE (REDUCED). J, ADULT FEMALE 
(REDUCED). 


Localities.—Virginia, southward throughout the Gulf of Mexico and 
Caribbean Sea; Peru (according to Miers). Parasitic on fish. 





THREE NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF PARASITIC 
HYMENOPTERA. 


By J. C. Crawrorp, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Insects, U. S. National Museum. 


Two of the genera described in this paper were received in the 
regular course of work through the Department of Agriculture, and 
the other was first found in the material donated to the U.S. National 
Museum by the Washington Biologists’ Field Club. Of the genera 
described, two are very interesting on account of their hosts, and the 
one first described is the most interesting, belonging as it does to a 
family no member of which has hitherto been reported as an egg 
parasite. In the study of these species, as in all other work on the 
Chalcidoidea, a Zeiss binocular microscope, with a magnification of 
from 28 to 35, has been used. 


Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA. 
Family MISCOGASTERIDE. 
EBERIXESTUS, new genus. 


Head slightly wider than thorax; clypeus medially deeply incised; 
mandibles with four long teeth; antennz 12-jointed, with two ring 
joints, inserted on the middle of the face, very similar in the two 
sexes; funiclar joints almost quadrate, slightly pedicellate at base; 
club of antenne slightly enlarged in the female, in the male not 
thicker than the joints of the funicle; parapsidal furrows complete; 
scutellum at base with an arcuate fovea and with a cross furrow before 
apex; axille almost meeting; hind tibize with two apical spurs, one 
very small; abdomen with a short petiole; wings with marginal 
fringes, the postmarginal vein about as long as the marginal, the 
stigmal shorter. 

In Doctor Ashmead’s classification of the Chaleidoidea this genus 
would run to the Miscogasterini, where it does not seem closely related 
to any known genus. 

Type of genus.—E. winnemana Crawford. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38, No. 1730. 


Co 
~“J 


CO 
co 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





ERIXESTUS WINNEMANA, new species. 


Female.—Length 1 mm. Above deep purple, the parapsidal areas, 
the abdomen, face and cheeks greenish-blue; antennze brown, scape 
and pedicel testaceous; face smooth, polished, vertex back of ocelli 
finely roughened; median area of mesonotum finely transversely 
lineolate, parapsidal areas, axille and postscutellum before cross 
furrow indistinctly reticulate; back of cross furrow smooth; meta- 
thorax smooth, medially with a transverse carina, back of this a 
median longitudinal carina which at apex of metathorax divides and 
runs laterally; legs testaceous; abdomen smooth, polished. 





Fic. 1.—ERIXESTUS WINNEMANA, ADULT FIG, 2.—ERIXESTUS WINNEMANA, ANTENNA 
FEMALE. OF FEMALE. 


Male.—Length 1 mm. Similar to the female, the antennz more 
hairy. 

Type-locality—Plummer’s Island, Maryland. 

Ten specimens bred from the eggs of Calligrapha bigsbyana, col- 
lected by Mr. E. A. Schwarz; also twelve paratypes bred from the 
eggs of Calligrapha scalaris collected by Mr. Frederick Knab on the 
Virginia shore of the Potomac River opposite Plummer’s Island. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12916, U.S.N.M. 

The specific name is an Indian name applied to the island and means 
“beautiful island.”’ 

The insect so completely fills the parasitized egg that it seems 
impossible for it to be anything but a primary parasite. 





Family ENCYRTID. 
Subfamily HNCYRTIN 4. 
Tribe MIRINI. 
PSYLLEDONTUS, new genus. 


Head not thin anterio-posteriorly; not distinctly lenticular; lateral 
ocelli away from the margins of the eyes; the eyes pubescent; an- 
tenn inserted close to the mouth, the funicle 5-jointed, no ring 
joint apparent, the antenne similar in both sexes; axille contiguous; 
marginal vein punctiform; post-marginal not developed; marginal 
fringes of wings short; mesonotum strongly metallic; abdomen above 
flat, not strongly pubescent. 


i I lt tl i 


No. 1730. NEW PARASITIC HWYMENOPTERA—CRAWFORD. 89 





This genus differs from the genus Rhopus by being metallic, by having 
the antenne similar in both sexes, the head robust, and by the short 
marginal fringes of anterior wings. The genus Metallon is described 
as having rudimentary wings and the axille slightly separated. 

Type of genus.—P. insidiosus Crawford. 


PSYLLEDONTUS INSIDIOSUS, new species. 





Female and male.—Length 1 mm. Head and thorax somewhat 
purple; the scutellum bright bluish-green; eyes large, distance 


between them greatly less than length of scape; face well produced 
below the eyes; face above finely reticulate; mesonotum finely 





FIG. 3.—PSYLLEDONTUS INSIDIOSUS, FIG. 4.—PSYLLEDONTUS INSIDIO- 

ADULT FEMALE. SUS, ANTENNA OF FEMALE, 
reticulate; the scutellum elongate, triangular, finely longitudinally 
rugulose; wings hyaline, strongly iridescent; legs black, femora at 
bases and apices, tips of tibize, and tarsi almost entirely, light yellowish. 

Type-locality.—Geneva, New York. Bred from nymphs of the 
pear psylla. 

P. J. Parrott, collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12782, U.S.N.M. 


PLAGIOMERUS, new genus. 


Metallic; antenne 9-jointed, the funicle 4-jointed, the first two 
joints transverse, pedicel elongate, much longer than joints one and 
two of funicle together, no ring joint apparent; labrum not prom- 
inent; eyes strongly convergent above; antennex inserted below the 
level of the eyes; vertex without thimble-like punctures, ornamented 
with two bristles; axille meeting along the median line; scutellum 
at apex with a cluster of flattened scales; wings hyaline; marginal 
vein not punctiform, as long as the stigmal, postmarginal distinct; 
abdomen flattened above, sheaths of ovipositor subexerted. 

Homalopoda Howard has the vertex with thimble-like punctures; 
the wings dusky with hyaline spots; the pedicel hardly longer than 
wide, the first two joints of the funicle subquadrate, as long as the 
pedicel, the last two slightly longer. 

Cercobelus Walker is said to have the abdomen elongate com- 
pressed; the pedicel elongate, the first joint of the funicle longer than 
wide. 

Type of genus.—Plagiomerus diaspidis Crawford. 


90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





PLAGIOMERUS DIASPIDIS, new species. 


Female.—Length about 1mm. Metallic colored, the head greenish 
or bluish, the mesonotum bronzy black, the metathorax and base of 
abdomen greenish or bluish, the rest of abdomen deep bronzy; face 
almost smooth, the vertex finely rough- 
ened; antenne light yellowish, base of 
scape and pedicel dark, basal joints of 
funicle and the club slightly dusky; 
mesonotum finely reticulate; scutellum 
with very fine thimble-like punctures; 
postscutellum and metathorax smooth; 
wings strongly iridescent; legs dark, the 
tarsi whitish; knees and apices of tibize of 
front legs, basal half and apices of femora, bases and apical half of the 
tibie of middle legs, knees, bases and apices of tibize of hind legs, 
light colored; abdomen smooth. 

Male.—Unknown. 

T'ype-locality.— New Mexico. 

Host.—Diaspis cacti. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12917, U.S.N.M. 





Fic. 5.—PLAGIOMERUS DIASPIDIS, AN- 
TENNA OF FEMALE. 


A 


THE BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES OF FORMOSA. 


By LEONHARD STEJNEGER, 


Curator, Division of Reptiles and Batrachians, U. S. National Museum. 


When Robert Swinhoe, in 1863, published the first List of the 
Formosan Reptiles he had only 15 species to enumerate. After the 
lapse of forty-four years the species of reptiles known to occur in 
Formosa and its outlying islands had increased to 50, as given in 
my Herpetology of Japan.* To-day, three years after the issue of 
the latter, the number has risen to 66. The record of the batrachians 
is still more remarkable. Swinhoe collected only 4 species of batra- 
chians in Formosa, as follows: Hyla chinensis, Microhyla fissipes, 
Rana plancyi, and Rana tigerina. In 1907 I recorded 9 species. In 
the present paper there are enumerated 20 species. 

The activity in collecting these animals in Formosa since the pub- 
lication in 1907 of the Herpetology of Japan has raised the total 
number of batrachians and reptiles known to occur in that island 
from 59 to 86 species. Of the 26 species thus added to the fauna, 
no less than 15 are new species, and 8 represent genera hitherto not 
known to occur on the island. 

These additions are recorded in seven papers by five authors, as 
follows: 

1908. BarBour, THoMAS. Some new Reptiles and Amphibians. Bull. Mus. Comp. 
Zool., vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 315-325. 

1909. Barspour, THomas. Notes on Amphibia and Reptilia from Eastern Asia. 
Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 4, Nov. 24, 1909, pp. 53-78, pls. 6-7. 

1908. BouLencER, G. A. Descriptions of a new Frog and a new Snake from Formosa. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 2, Aug. 1908, pp. 221-222. 

1909. BouLencEeR, G. A. Descriptions of four new Frogs and a new Snake discovered 
by Mr. H. Sauter in Formosa. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, Dec. 1909, 
pp. 492495. 

1909. DenBURGH, JoHN vAN. New and previously unrecorded Species of Reptiles 
and Amphibians from the Island of Formosa. Proc, California Acad. Sci. 
(4), vol. 3, Dec. 20, 1909, pp. 49-56. 

1908. NamtyEe, M. Poisonous Serpent of Formosa. Zool. Mag. Tokyo, no. 256, June 
15, 1908, pp. 192-194, pl. —. 

1910. SteBenRock, L. Clemmys mutica Cant. von der Insel Formosa. Ann. Naturh, 
Hofmus. Wien, vol. 23, pp. 312-317, pls. 12-138. 





@ Bulletin 58, U. S. National Museum. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38, No. 1731. 
91 


92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 





ood 


Of the 86 species enumerated below 7 are truly marine snakes and 
turtles, and therefore have no bearmg on the problems of the geo- 
graphical distribution of the other species. 

Of the remaining 79 species no less than 24 species are peculiar to 
the island, as follows: 


AMPHIBIA. 

1. Bufo bankorensis. 6. Rana sauteri. 

2. Microhyla fissipes. 7. Rana taipehensis. 

3. Microhyla steinegert. 8. Rana adenopleura. 

4. Rana longicrus. 9. Polypedates moltrechti. 

5. Rana swinhoana. 10. Polypedates robustus. 
Repviiia. 

ll. Japalura swinhonis. 18. Xenodon stejnegeri. 

12. Japalura mitsukurii. 19. Macropisthodon carinatus. 

13. Takydromus formosanus. 20. Achalinus formosanus. 

14. Takydromus sauteri. 21. Oligodon ornatus. 

15. Takydromus kuenet. 22. Dinodon ruhstrati. 

16. Natrix swinhonis. 23. Boiga kre pelini. 

17. Natrix sauteri. 24. Amblycephalus formosensis. 


Thus 50 per cent of the batrachians of the island are peculiar, but 
only about 26 per cent of the reptiles. 

Both of these figures are high, and it is quite possible that a few 
of the species now listed as peculiar may be discovered later in some 
part of southern China. It is also possible that a slight reduction 
may eventually have to be made in the genera Rana and Takydromus, 
but this loss is just as likely to be offset by future separation of 
island forms now thought to be identical with the mainland species. 

Of the 10 peculiar batrachians the relationship of 2 is somewhat 
dubious, namely, Microhyla steinegeri and Rana taipehensis.. Two 
have their nearest relations known in the Riu Kius and Japan, namely, 
Polypedates moltrechti and P. robustus. Two more are nearly related 
to Chinese species, namely, Microhyla fissipes and Rana longicrus, 
while the remaining 4 have distinct leanings toward species at home 
in the eastern Himalayas and the high country immediately to the 
east, Burma, Yunnan, ete. 

Of the 14 peculiar reptiles the 3 species (?) of Takydromus are closely 
related to Chinese forms,® while all the others are more or less inti- 
mately related to species occurring in the western provinces, on the 
upper Yangtse River, Upper Burma, Assam, or-the eastern Himalayas. 
Two of the snakes, Oligodon ornatus and Boiga krepelini, do not 
appear to have any near relations in China at all. It isnot intended, 
however, to lay stress on the absence of these species in China or in 


@ Which in their turn are related to a Himalayan species. 


no. 1731. FORMOSAN BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 93 


the more eastern p provinces of that empire, as it is quite likely that 
these gaps may be filled when the mountain districts of southeastern 
China shall become better known, but rather to emphasize the strong 
connection between the Formosan species and those inhabiting the 
eastern Himalayas and the high land to the east. . 

This relationship is not only manifested by the peculiar species, 
but by the rest of the reptilian fauna as well. Leaving out the geckos 
and skinks, the geographical distribution of which is subject to so 
many accidental circumstances, we have 35 species of land reptiles 
left, which also occur outside of Formosa. Of these 3 are of very 
wide distribution, extending into the Malayan Archipelago, but not 
occurring in the Himalayas or the high land to the east. These are, 
therefore, species of decidedly southern affinities. Seven species 
which occur in southern China, some of them extending southward 
into Indo-China and Siam, may be included in this category. Ten 
species are of more or less general distribution in eastern China. 
Finally, 15 species, one of which is doubtful, occur in the eastern 
Himalayas or the high land to the east or both. 

On the other hand, none of the Formosan batrachians occurring 
outside the island are found in the Himalayas or the high land to the 
east. Of the 10 species 4 are wide-ranging and southern, 2 likewise 
southern but of more restricted distribution, 1 is strictly eastern 
Chinese, while 3 are also found in the Riu Kiu Islands, 1 of undoubted 
southern affinity, the other 2 probably likewise. 

It will thus be seen that all the batrachians which have Himalo- 
Chinese affinities have differentiated into more or less distinct species, 
while those of southern affinities have remained nearly unchanged. 
It is also evident that the reptiles of southern affinities have remained 
practically unaltered in the island and that the specific differentia- 
tion almost exclusively took place among the Himalo-Chinese species; 
but the amount of differentiation in the reptiles was not nearly as 
large, for while it affected all the batrachians, it affected only 44 per 
cent of the reptiles. Whatever may be the reason for the greater 
amount of batrachian differentiation, the fact that practically no 
southern forms have undergone speciation in the island seems to 
indicate most plainly that the Himalo-Chinese component of the 
herpetological fauna of Formosa has lived much longer in the island 
than the more southern element, which must be a later arrival. 

In this review of the relationship of the Formosan herpetological 
fauna the most striking fact, next to the prevalence of the IHimalo- 
Chinese element, is the total absence of any indication of affinity to 
the fauna of the Philippine Islands directly to the south. A number 
of wide-ranging species of southern origin occur in both faunas, but 
as these also occur in southern China, on the mainland opposite For- 





94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


mosa, tein way of dispersal is clez arly am vated. There are only 
two species of this category which have not yet been collected in 
Chinese territory, namely, Dasia smaragdina, of wide distribution 
and which may owe its occurrence in Formosa to introduction by 
human agency, the other being a snake, Psammophis pulverulentus, 
the discovery of which within the limits of China would not cause 
surprise, as its known distribution includes Sikkim, Assam, and the 
Shan states. There seems, therefore, to be good reason for asserting 
that there has been no direct land connection between Formosa and 
the Philippine Islands since Formosa received its batrachian and rep- 
tilian fauna. 

The present review is somewhat in the nature of a supplement to 
my Herpetology of Japan, hence a full synonymy of genera and spe- 
cies is only given in case of those which have been added since its 
publication in 1907, while in the other cases the page references to 
that work are given immediately below the specific name. 


Class AMPHIBIA. ’ 


Order SALIENTIA. 
Family BUFONID. 


BUFO MELANOSTICTUS Schneider. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 72.) 

Common. Recorded from Taipa, Giilan, and Taiwan fu. 
BUFO BANKORENSIS Barbour. 


1908. Bufo bankorensis BARBourR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 51, no. 12, p. 323 
(type-locality, Bankoro, Central Formosa; type, No. 2432, Mus. Comp. 
Zool.; Ow Hon collection); Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 4, 1909, 
p. 99, ci 6. 


Resembling Bufo melanostictus, but lacking the bony cranial crests. 
Exceedingly small tympanum. Also related to Bufo himalayanus. 
Family HYLID. 
HYLA CHINENSIS Guenther. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 86, pl. 9, fig. 4.) 
In addition to the specimens there enumerated from Formosa, I 
have since examined a specimen belonging to Mr. Barbour (Owston 


collection) from the same island. It had no spots in the groin; teeth 
behind the choane. 


No.1731. HMORMOSAN BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 95 


Family ENGYSTOMID, 
MICROHYLA FISSIPES Boulenger. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 88.) 


1884. Microhyla fissipes BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), vol. 13, p. 397; 
(8), vol. 4, Dec. 1909, p. 495. 


In addition to those previously listed, Boulenger records specimens 
from Kosempo and Kanshirei. 
MICROHYLA STEINEGERI Boulenger. 


1909. Microhyla steinegeri BoULENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, Dee. 1, 
1909, p. 494 (type-locality, Kanshirei, Formosa; types in Brit. Mus.; 
H. Sauter, collector). 


Thus far only known from the specimens collected by Mr. Sauter 
at the village of Kanshirei. 
Family RANID. 
RANA PLANCYI Lataste. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 101.) 
“The specimens recorded from Formosa are all in British Museum, 
the only ones with a definite locality being from Taiwan fu.” 
RANA LONGICRUS Stejneger. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 104.) 
Only the type-specimen, from Taipa, is thus far known. 
“ - ) d 
RANA LIMNOCHARIS Wiegmann. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 127.) 
It is the commonest species of frog in Formosa, and is also recorded 
by me from the Pescadores and Botel Tobago. 
RANA SWINHOANA Boulenger. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 182.) 
1903. Rana swinhoana BouLENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vol. 12, Nov. 1903, 
p. 556; (8), vol. 4, Dec. 1909, p. 495. 
In addition to the types from Bangkimptsing, specimens have 
since been recorded from Kosempo. 


RANA LATOUCHII Boulenger. 


1899. Rana latouchii BoULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1899, p. 167, pl. 21, 
fig. 1 (type-locality, Kuatun, Fokien, China; types in Brit. Mus.; J. D’ 
La Touche, collector); Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, Dec. 1, 1909, 
p. 495 (Fuhosho, Formosa).—DensBuron, Proc. California Acad. Sci. 
(4), vol. 3, Dec..20, 1909, p. 55 (Kanshirei, I’ormosa). 


96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Orig’ inally described from. the province of Fokien, China, this frog 
has been found in Formosa since the publication of the Henseealves 
of Japan, and recorded almost simultaneously by Boulenger and Van 
Denburgh. 





RANA NAMIYEI Stejneger. 


(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 36.) 


see 


1901. Rana namiyei STEJNEGER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 14, Dec. 12, 
1901, p. 190.—DeEnBuRGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), vol. 3, Dec. 20, 
1909, p. 55 (Kanshirei and Polisia, Formosa). 

1909. Rana kuhlii BouLENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, Dec. 1, 1909, 
p. 495 (Fuhosho, Kanshirei, and Alikang, Formosa), (not of Duméril 
and Bibron ?). 


a 


nein 


Originally described by me from Okinawashima, Riu Kiu. The 
Formosan specimens are recorded by Boulenger as Rana kuhlii and 
by Van Denburgh as 2. namiyei, the former expressing the belief that 
they should be united. Direct comparison between authentic speci- 
mens from Riu Kiu and from Formosa is required to decide which of | 
the two forms occurs in the latter island. 


RANA TIGERINA Daudin. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 139.) 
Apparently common in Formosa. 
RANA SAUTERI Boulenger. 


1909. Rana sauteri BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, Dec. 1, 1909, 
p. 493 (type-locality, Kanshirei village, 2,000 feet alt., Formosa; types 
in Brit. Mus.; H. Sauter, collector). 
This addition to the Formosan fauna is said to be related to Rana 
mortenseni, from Burma and Siam. 


RANA ADENOPLEURA Boulenger. 


1909. Rana adenopleura BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, Dec. 1, 1909, 
p. 492 (type-locality, Fuhacho village, 4,000 feet alt., Formosa; types 
in Brit. Mus.; H. Sauter, collector). 


Another novelty, stated to agree very closely with Rana pleuraden, 


from Yunnan. 
RANA TAIPEHENSIS Denburgh. 


1909. Rana taipehensis DENBURGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), Dec. 20, 1909, 
p. 56 (type-locality, Taipeh, Formosa; type, California Acad. Sci. No. 
18007). 

This is possibly the same as the foregoing species, though a com- 

parison of the original descriptions shows several discrepancies. 
Thus in R. adenopleura the vomerine teeth are described as “be- 
tween the choane,” in R. taipehensis as “between and extending 
behind the choans;’’ first finger as “extending slightly beyond 


no.1731. FORMOSAN BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 97 








second,” against “first not longer than second.” In the coloration 
the most notable discrepancy is in the markings on the limbs, which 
in R. adenopleura are said to be marked “with dark cross bars,’ but 
in FR. taipehensis “with longitudinal dark stripes.’ Boulenger com- 
pares his species with R. pleuraden, Van Denburgh his with R. 
erythrea. 
POLYPEDATES MOLTRECHTI (Boulenger). 
1908. Rhacophorus moltrechti BouLENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 2, 
Aug. 1908, p. 221 (type-locality, Lake Candidje, Nauto district, central 
Formosa; types in Brit. Mus.; Dr. A. Moltrecht, collector); vol. 4, Dec. 
1909, p. 495 (Kosempo, Formosa). 
Not as yet reported from outside Formosa. 
POLYPEDATES ROBUSTUS (Boulenger). 
1909. Rhacophorus robustus BouLENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, Dec. 
1909, p. 494 (type-localities, Kankau, Alikang, and Kosempo, Formosa; 
H. Sauter, collector). 
According to Boulenger this form is closely allied to P. buergeri of 
Japan (Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 150). 
POLYPEDATES EIFFINGERI (Boettger). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 153.) 
1895. Rana eiffinger’ BortraEer, Zool. Anz., vol. 18, July 8, 1895, p. 267.— 
Rhacophorus eiffingeri BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, Dec. 
1909, p. 495 (Kanshirei, Formosa). 

The recording of this form in Formosa by Boulenger is very inter- 
esting, since, like P. robustus, it is also related to P. buergeri, of which 
species it has been regarded as the Riu Kiu representative. It is 
consequently the more to be regretted that the exact locality of the 
type of P. eiffingert is not known. The question also arises whether 
any form corresponding to P. robustus may not occur in the Riu Kiu 
Archipelago. As another possibility it is suggested that Hallowell 
may have been correct in recording P. burgeri from the ‘ Loo Choo 
Islands,” and from ‘‘Ousima.”’ 


POLYPEDATES JAPONICUS (Hallowell). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 155.) 


1860. Ixvalus japonicus HALLOWELL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 501. 
Rhacophorus japonicus BouLENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, 
Dec. 1909, p. 495 (Kankau, Formosa). 

This is another Riukiuan species, now for the first time recorded 
from Formosa. As I have already shown in the Herpetology of Japan, 
it does not occur in Japan proper, notwithstanding the specific name 
given it by Hallowell. 


Proc.N.M.vol.838—10——7 


95 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. _ VOL, 38. 





Class REE riiirA 
Order SQUAMATA. 


Suborder SAURIA. 
Family GEKKONIDA. 
GEKKO JAPONICUS (Duméril and Bibron). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 165.) 


This species has its center of distribution in south-central and 


eastern China, and is said to be common everywhere in Formosa. 
The account of its habits by Swinhoe and reprinted in the Herpe- 
tology of Japan, pp. 164-165, refers particularly to Formosan 
specimens. 
HEMIDACTYLUS FRENATUS Duméril and Bibron. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 172.) 
Specimens from Taiwan fu are in British Museum and are in the 
Bergen Museum from “ Formosa.” 
HEMIDACTYLUS BOWRINGII (Gray). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 176.) 
1845. Doryura bowringii Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., p. 156.—Hemidactylus 


* bowringiti BarBour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 4, Nov. 24, 1909, 
p. 62 (Formosa). 


In addition to the specimen rec sorded by me, Mr. Barbour has 
obtained two specimens from ‘“ Formosa.’ 
COSYMBOTUS PLATYURUS (Schneider). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 178.) 
No record additional to the one given there. 
PEROPUS MUTILATUS (Wiegmann). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 180.) 


The same remark applies to the present species. 


Family AGAMIDE. 
JAPALURA SWINHONIS Guenther. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 184.) 


1864. Japalura swinhonis GUENTHER, Rep. Brit. India, p. 133, pl. 14, fig. B.— 
Barsour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 4, Nov. 24, 1909, p. 63 
(Bankoro, Central Formosa). 


Common throughout the island. 
JAPALURA MITSUKURII Stejneger. 
(Ierpet. Japan, 1907, p. 190.) 
Apparently restticted to the island of Botel Tobago. 






No.1731. FORMOSAN BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES—STEJNUGER. 99 








family SCINCID. 
EUMECES ELEGANS Boulenger. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 202.) 
Known both from Formosa and the Pescadores. 
EUMECES CHINENSIS (Gray). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 208.) 
Collected by Swinhoe at Tamsui and by Tada at Taipa. 
MABUYA LONGICAUDATA (Hallowell). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 214, pl. 16.) 


Nothing new has been added to our knowledge of the status of the 
Formosan specimens. Barbour, however, has examined specimens 
from Hainan and Siam and find that in these the scales have three 
keels, while Fischer’s figure (reproduced in Herpet. Japan, pl. 16, 
fig. 5) shows only two, and on the strength of this discrepancy he 
suspects Mabuya ruhstrati (Fischer) from South Formosa of being a 
valid species.“ 

SPHENOMORPHUS INDICUS (Gray). 


(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 216, pl. 17, figs. 1-2.) 


1853. Hinulia indica Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), vol. 12, Dec. 1853, p. 388. 
Sphenomorphus indicus BarBour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 4, 
Nov. 24, 1909, p. 64 (Bankoro, Central Formosa). 


Two additional specimens, collected April 26, 1907, at Bankoro, 
Central Formosa, have been recorded by Mr. Barbour, to whose kind- 
ness I owe the privilege of examining them. Both have 54 scale 
rows around the middle of the body. The larger specimen is without 
a dark lateral band, which is quite pronounced in the smaller one. 


Genus DASIA Gray. 


1839. Dasia Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, no. 11, Jan. 1839, p. 351 (type, D. 
olivacea). 

1843: Liotropis FrrzincEr, Syst. Rep. p. 22 (type, Euprepes ernesti=D. olivacea). 

1843. Lamprolepis Frrzincer, Syst. Rep., p. 22 (type, Lygosoma smaragdinum). 

1845. Keneuxia Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., p. 79 (type, A. smaragdina). 

1864. Apterygodon Eprtina, Nederland. Tijdsschr. Dierk., vol. 2, (p. 201), (type, 
A. vittatum). 


The genus being additional to the fauna of Formosa and not 


included in the Herpetology of Japan, the synonymy, as well as that 
of the following species, is here given in full. 


a Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 4, Nov. 24, 1909, p. 64. 


100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


DASIA SMARAGDINA (Lesson). 


1830. Scincus smaragdinus Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 48, 
pl. 3, fig. 1 (type-locality, Ualan, Caroline Islands; Lesson, collector).— 
Lygosoma smaragdinum BouLENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1887, p. 
250.—BarBour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 4, Nov. 24, 1909, 
p. 65 (Bankoro, Formosa). 

1830. Scincus viridipunctus Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 44, pl. 
4, fiz. L (type-locality, Ualan, Caroline Islands; Lesson, collector). 

1830. Scincus cxlestinus GuERIN, Icon. Régne Anim., Rept., pl. 15, fig. 2 (type- 
locality not given, probably Java). 

1872. Lygosoma (Hinulia) smaragdinum var. viridifuscum PEters, Mon.—Ber. 
Berlin Akad. Wiss., 1872, p. 776 (type-locality, Boston Island; types in 
Berlin Mus.; Godeffroy collection). 

1894. Lygosoma acutirostre OUDEMANS, in Semon, Zool. Forsch., vol. 5, (p. 141, 
fig.), (type-locality, Salayer Island, s. of Celebes). 


A single, very young specimen was acquired by Mr. Barbour from 
Mr. Owston, whose collector obtained it in the central portion of 
Formosa. By a careful comparison I can find no character which 
would separate it from Philippine specimens. 

Description.—Mus. Comp. Zool.; Bankoro, Central Formosa; April 
26, 1907; Owston coll. No. 9255. Distance between the end of snout 
and the fore leg equaling the distance between axilla and groin; 
snout long, pointed, depressed; lower eyelid scaly; rostral large, 
broadly in contact with fronto-nasal; fronto-nasal large, pentagonal, 
broader than long, in contact with anterior loreal and prefrontals; 
prefrontals broadly in contact separating fronto-nasal from frontal; 
frontal as long as fronto-parietals and interparietal together, nar- 
row behind, in contact with first, second, and third supraoculars; 
four subequal supraoculars; nine superciliaries, first two largest; 
fronto-parietals and interparietal distinct, the latter as long as suture 
between the former; parietals broadly in contact behind inter- 
parietal; four nuchals on left side, three on right; nostril in the 
middle of a single nasal; no supranasal; two loreals, one behind 
the other, both longer than high, especially the anterior, which is of 
the same height as the nasal; eight supralabials, sixth forming a 
large subocular much larger than the others and as long as the two 
anterior to it; two large temporals, the lower wedge-shaped, the upper 
longer, with parallel upper and lower edges and in contact with parie- 
tal; ear-opening small, with one upper larger and two small lower 
lobes on its anterior border; 26 rows of smooth scales around the 
middle of the body; preanal scales somewhat larger than those ad- 
joining, especially the middle pair; hind leg stretched forward 
reaches the axil; subdigital lamellae under fourth toe 33; an en- 
larged scale on heel. Color above (in alcohol) light brownish gray, 
each scale edged with dark brown and almost every other in the 


no. 1731. FORMOSAN BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 101 


longitudinal rows with this dark edge widened at the tip into a dark 
brown spot, while the rest of the scale is occupied by a whitish dot 
in such a manner as to form a regular system of oblique lines of bead- 
like spots from the middle of the back toward the flanks; top of head 
with dark brown edges to the shields and a few symmetrical whitish 
dark-edged dots on the shields of the parietal region; legs above 
with rounded whitish dots; tail obscurely banded, with darker and 
lighter brownish gray; underside pale. 


Dimensions. 


mm. 
AUG )PDUNLIGS C28 cP a A a eR 107 
SD OU ENOUIE 00, VONbs tance else ee ii wad sete sd oeasind soot dee on 40 
MTURORLMO MIMI Wer 4 are acho ie 8 4 ie xe wih eo She Sg eS 67 
BGR eR pe ee ees ett tae ciate aoa ona 2 ek deter a oak 10.5 
Be RM MOD eaercretg cee wns apn Sete ale. 2 wien xl ete eet cide See eee 18 
Pea ee erie seach 2 Pee nics, 2 5 SAA ec eee ess we enw adam slice 15 
EOP nag eae hs oe Swe et wae oe LO 


Family LACERTID. 
TAKYDROMUS SEPTENTRIONALIS Guenther. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 232.) 


1864. Tachydromus septentrionalis GUENTHER, Rep. Brit. India, p. 69.— Takydro- 
mus septentrionalis DeNBURGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), vol. 3, 
Dec. 20, 1909, p. 50 (Pescadores, Taihoku, Koshun, Polisia, and Kelung). 


Apparently the commonest species of the genus in Formosa. 


TAKYDROMUS FORMOSANUS Boulenger. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 235.) 
No additional specimens have been recorded which might throw 
light on the status of this species. 
TAKYDROMUS SAUTERI Denburgh. 


1909. Takydromus sauteri DeNBURGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), vol. 3, Dec. 
20, 1909, p. 50 (type-locality, Koshun, Formosa; type, Cal. Acad. Sci. 
No. 18001; H. Sauter, collector). 

This addition to the Formosan fauna belongs to the section of the 
genus characterized by four pairs of submental shields. Like 7. 
wolteri it has only one inguinal pore, but is described as having head 
and tail very elongate. The color is bright green above. 


TAKYDROMUS KUEHNEI Denburgh. 


1909. Takydromus kuehnei DeNnBuRGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci.( 4), vol. 3, 
Dec. 20, 1909, p. 50 (type-locality, Kanshirei, Formosa; type, Cal. Acad. 
Sci., No. 18002). 
Belongs to the same section as the foregoing, but is distinguished 
by having 4 or 5 pores in each groin. 


102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Family ANGUID. 
Genus OPHISAURUS Daudin. 


1803. Ophisaurus Dauptn, Hist. Nat. Rep., vol. 7, p. 346 (type, O. ventralis). 

1820. Hyalinus Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph., p. 79 (type, O. ventralis). 

1830. Ophiosaurus WAGLER, Nat. Syst. Amph., p. 159 (emendation). 

1853. Dopasia Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), vol. 12, p. 389 (type, D. 
gracilis). : 

1853. Ophiseps Buyru, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 22 (p. 655), (type, O. 
tessellatus=D. gracilis). 


OPHISAURUS, species. 


1909. Ophisaurus harti? DENBuRGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), vol. 3, 
Dec. 20, 1909, p. 60 (not of Boulenger?). 


. 


The addition of a ‘‘glass-snake” to the fauna of Formosa is very 
interesting, though for the present the species must remain in doubt. 
To explain the situation, I can do no better than quote Van Denburgh’s 
own words, as follows: 


The presence in Formosa of a species of Ophisaurus is attested by a specimen now 
in the Taiwan Medical School. This specimen was collected by the late Rev. Mr. 
Mackay, at Tamsue. Another specimen, collected at Shinchiku, was formerly in 
this museum, but has been lost. We have not as yet secured a specimen, but our 
collector states that individuals have been seen at Takao sunning themselves on a 
stone wall that borders a grove of screw pines. 

The general relationship of the fauna would lead one to suspect that the Ophisaurus 
of Formosa is probably identical with Boulenger’s O. harti from Fokien, China; but 
the notes which I have received concerning the specimen in the medical school 
indicate that the Formosan lizard is distinct. The matter must remain undecided 
until a specimen is received for examination. 


Suborder SERPENTES. 
Family TYPHLOPIDA. 
TYPHLOPS BRAMINUS (Daudin). 
(Herpet., Japan, 1907, p. 260.) 
Specimens of this widely distributed blind-snake have been collected 
in Formosa by Swinhoe, Dickson, and Novara. 
Family NATRICIDAL. 
Genus SIBYNOPHIS Fitzinger. 


1843. Sibynophis Frrzincer, Syst. Rep., p. 26 (type, Herpetodryas geminatus 
Schlegel). 

1854. Lnicognathus DumERm and Brsron, Erpét. Gén., vol. 7, p. 328 (type, 
HT. geminatus), (not of G. R. Gray, 1840). 

1876. LHenicognathus Corr, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 8 (p. 138), 
(emendation), (not of Agassiz, 1846). 

1890. Polyodontophis BouLencer, Fauna Brit. India, Rep., p. 301 (substitute 
for Enicognathus, preoccupied). 


no. 1731. FORMOSAN BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 108 


SIBYNOPHIS COLLARIS (Gray). 


1853. Psammophis collaris Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), vol 12, p. 390 (type- 
locality, Khasi Hills; typesin Brit. Mus.; J. Hooker, collector).—Polyo- 
dontophis collaris BouLeNcer, Fauna Brit. India, Rep., 1890, p. 302 
(Himalayas; Assam; Arrakan; Upper Burma; S. China); Cat. Snakes 
Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1893, p. 184, pl. 12, fig. 1; vol. 3, 1896, p. 597.— 
DENnBURGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), vol. 3, Dec. 20, 1909, p. 50 
(Kanshirei, Formosa). 

1889. Ablabes sinensis GUENTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vol. 4, (p. 220), (type- 
locality, Ichang, Upper Yangtse Kiang, China; type in Brit. Mus.; A. E. 
Pratt, collector). 

Two specimens of this addition to the Formosan fauna, from Kan- 


shirei, are recorded by Mr. Van Denbureh. 


NATRIX STOLATA (Linnzus). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 280.) 
1758. Coluber stolatus LinN®us, Syst. Nat., 10 ed., vol. 1, p. 219.— Natriz stolatus 
BarBour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 4, Nov. 24, 1909, p. 67 
(Central Formosa; Hainan). 
A common species in. Formosa. Mr. Barbour has recorded it from 
Mount Arizan, Central Formosa. 


NATRIX PISCATOR (Schneider). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 288.) 
No addition to my previous record. 


NATRIX ANNULARIS (Hallowell). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 291.) 
The same remark applies to this as to the foregoing species. 


NATRIX SWINHONIS (Guenther). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 293.) 
1868. Tropidonotus swinhonis GuENTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), vol. 1, 1868, 
p. 420.—BouLencer, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, 1909, p. 495 
(Kosempo, Formosa). 

In addition to the unique type-specimen, the British Museum now 
has this species from Kosempo, collected by Mr. H. Sauter, as recorded 
by Boulenger. 

NATRIX SAUTERI (Boulenger). 
1909. Tropidonotus sauteri BouLENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, Dec. 
1909, p. 495 (type-locality, Kosempo, Formosa; types in Brit. Mus.; 
H. Sauter, collector). 
1909. Natrizx copei DeNBuRGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), vol. 3, Dec. 20, 
1909, p. 52 (type-locality, Kanshirei, Formosa; type, Cal. Acad. Sci. 
No. 18004). 

The name given by Boulenger to this interesting novelty has about 
twenty days priority over that given by Van Denburgh. According 
to the first-mentioned author it is allied to N. swinhonis. 








104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Genus PSEUDOXENODON Boulenger. 


1830. Xenodon WaAGuLER, Syst. Amph., p. 171 (type, X. inornatus Bore) (not of 
Fitzinger, 1825). 
1890. Pseudoxenodon BouLENGER, Fauna Brit. India, Rep., p. 340 (type, 
P. macrops). 
PSEUDOXENODON STEJNEGERI Barbour. 
1908. Pseudoxenodon stejneger. BARBouR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, 
vol. 51, no. 12, p. 317 (type-locality, Mount Arizan, Formosa; type, No. 
7103, M. C. Z. C.; Owston collection); Proc. New England Zool. Club, 
vol. 4, Nov. 24, 1909, p. 67, pl. 7, fig. 8 (type). 
Only a single specimen from Mount Arizan, Central Formosa, was 
taken November 29, 1906. The species, according to its original 
deseriber, is related to Pseudoxenodon dorsalis from China. 


Genus MACROPISTHODON Boulenger. 


1893. Macropisthodon BouLENGER, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., vol. 1, p. 265 (type, 
M. flaviceps). 

1909. Pseudagkistrodon DENBURGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), vol. 3, Dec. 20, 
1909, p. 51 (type, P. carinatus). 

The chief difference relied upon to distinguish Pseudagkistrodon 
from Macropisthodon is the lack of interspace between the anterior 
maxillary teeth and the posterior large fangs, a character scarcely 
sufficient in the present instance. 


MACROPISTHODON CARINATUS (Denburgh). 


1909. Pseudagkistrodon carinatus DENBURGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), 
vol. 3, Dec. 20, 1909, p. 51 (type-locality, Formosa; type, Cal. Acad. Sci., 
No. 18003). 

In addition to the type which seems to have no definite locality 
attached to it, specimens are recorded from Toroku and Mount 
Arizan, central Formosa. 

Apparently the present form is very closely allied to the Chinese 
species M. rudis, which is recorded from Fokien and Yunnan. It 
agrees with it in the very strongly keeled scales, the keeled temporals, 
and in the presence of suboculars. The scale formula is also sub- 
stantially alike in the two species, except that in the Chinese speci- 
mens recorded the scale rows are 25, but in the Formosan 23. 


ACHALINUS FORMOSANUS Boulenger. 


1908. Achalinus formosanus BouLENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 2, Aug. 
1908, p. 222 (type-locality, Punkiho, Kagi district, Central Formosa; type 
in Brit. Mus.; Doctor Moltrecht, collector). 

Beyond the type-specimen nothing is known of this interesting 
addition to the Formosan fauna. In spite of its large number of scale 
rows (27) it appears to be more nearly related to A. spinalis than to 
A. rufescens. 


no. 1731. FORMOSAN BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 105 


ENHYDRIS PLUMBEA (Boie). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 300.) 


1827. Homalopsis plumbea Bors, Isis, 1827, p. 550.—Enhydris plumbea BARBOUR, 
Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 4, 1909, p. 68 (Bankoro, Formosa; 
Hainan). 


In addition to the Formosan specimens mentioned .by me, Mr. 
Barbour has listed another from Bankoro, central Formosa. 
ENHYDRIS BENNETTII (Gray). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 302.) 
No further record of the occurrence of this snake in Formosa has 
been forthcoming since the issue of the Herpetology of Japan. 
HURRIA RYNCHOPS (Schneider). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 304.) 
The same remark applies to the present species as to the foregoing. 
ELAPHE CARINATA (Guenther). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 308.) 
Four specimens are thus far known from Formosa. 
ELAPHE PORPHYRACEA (Cantor). 


1839. Coluber porphyraceus CANTOR, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 39 (type- 
locality, Mishmee hills, Assam).—BouLENGER, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 
vol. 2, 1894, p. 34 (Eastern Himalayas; hills of Assam; Burma; Yunnan; 
Malay Peninsula; Sumatra); Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1899, p. 165 (Fokien, 
China).—Elaphe porphyracea DENBURGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), 
vol. 3, Dec. 20, 1909, p. 53 (Kanshirei, Shinchiku, and Giran, Formosa). 

1839. Psammophis nigrofasciatus CANTOR, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 53 
(type-locality, Singapore; type in Brit. Mus.; Cantor, collector). 

1853. Coronella callicephalus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), vol. 12, p. 390, 
(type-locality, Khasi Hills; type in Brit. Mus.; J. Hooker, collector). 

This is another east Himalayan species whose range has now been 
ascertained to extend to Formosa. Judging from the fact that the 
collector of the San Francisco Academy sent specimens from three 
different localities, it can not be very rare in the island. 


ELAPHE RUFODORSATA (Cantor). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 310.) 


Not recorded from Formosa since Swinhoe’s time. Ile sent speci- 
mens from Tamsui to British Museum. 


ELAPHE TNIURUS Cope. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 319.) 


The record of this species in Formosa still rests on the two speci- 
mens in Museum Senckenbergianum in Frankfort-on-the-Main. 


106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 





LIOPELTIS MAJOR (Guenther). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 338.) 


1858. Cyclophis major GUENTHER, Cat. Colubr. Snakes Brit. Mus., p. 120.— 
Liopeltis major BARBowR, Proc. New England Zool. Club., vol. 4, 1909, 
p. 69 (Formosa; Ichang, Hupeh, China). 
The seventh specimen from Formosa, the female recorded by Mr. 
Barbour, I have had the privilege to examine. Its scale formula is 
_as follows: Sc. 15; v. 169; a. 2; c. 92; oc. 3-2; t. 142; 1. 8. 


PTYAS MUCOSUS (Linneus). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 345.) 
Three specimens are recorded from Formosa, one of them from 


Taiwan-fu. 
PTYAS KORROS (Schlegel). 


(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 348.) 
ZAOCYS DHUMNADES (Cantor). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 352.) 


Nothing has been recorded which will shed additional light on the 
status of these two species as members of the Formosan fauna. 


Genus OLIGODON Boie. 
1827. Oligodon Borg, Isis, 1827 (p. 519) (type, O. bitorquatus). 
OLIGODON ORNATUS Denburgh. 
1909. Oligodon ornatus DENBURGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), vol. 3, 
Dec. 20, 1909, p. 53 (type-locality, Shinchiku, Formosa; type, Cal. 
Acad. Sci. No. 18005). 

The occurrence of a species of this essentially Indian and Malayan 
genus in Formosa is quite unexpected, as no member of the genus 
has hitherto been found in China. However, as one species has long 
been known from Assam, while two others have recently been de- 
scribed from Nepal and Burma, the present addition to the fauna 
of Formosa, or a closely allied species, may some day turn up in the 
intervening territory of China, from which many a novelty may yet 
be expected. 

The type-specimen is the only one thus far recorded. 


HOLARCHUS FORMOSANUS (Guenther). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 354.) 


1872. Simotes formosanus GUENTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), vol.-9, Jan. 
1872, p. 20.—Holarchus formosanus BarBour, Proc. New England Zool. 
Club, vol. 4, 1909, p. 69 (Mt. Arizan, Formosa). 


Seems rather common in Formosa. Barbour maintains that the 
Hainan specimens form a distinguishable ‘local color variety.” 


i le 


—x0.1731. FORMOSAN BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 107 


DINODON« RUFOZONATUM (Cantor). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 358.) : 


Common in Formosa, though not recorded as being in any of the 
_ collections recently made there. 


DINODON SEPTENTRIONALE RUHSTRATI (Fischer. ) 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 370). 
Nothing has been added since. 


CALAMARIA BEREZOWSKII Guenther. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 376). 


1909. Calamaria pavimentata BouLENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, 
Dec. 1, 1909, p. 495 (Kosempo, Formosa) (not of Duméril and Bibron?). 


Boulenger suggests ® that Guenther’s Calamaria berezowskii “is 
probably not specifically separable” from C. pavimentata. This may 
be so, but for the reasons given in my Herpetology of Japan, p. 375, 
I “can not consider the question finally settled,’ and therefore prefer 
to leave the nomenclature undisturbed until sufficient material shall 
have accumulated to make a final disposition of these forms possible. 


BOIGA KRPELINI Stejneger. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 381). 


1902. Boiga kre pelini STEINEGER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 15, p. 16.— 
Dipsadomorphus krepelinti BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 
4, Dec. 1909, p. 495 (Kankau and Kosempo, Formosa). 


The additional specimens listed by Boulenger make it appear 
probable that this snake is not so rare as its late discovery might 
suggest. 

PSAMMODYNASTES PULVERULENTUS (Boie). 


(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 383). 


Nothing added to the status of this snake in Formosa. 


@No further light has been shed on the alleged occurrence of Lycodon aulicus 
_ (Linnzus) in Formosa (Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 358). 

In this latter work (p. 356, footnote) I stated that inasmuch as Boie himself, in 
1827, fixed L. audax as the type of Lycodon, which was established in 1826 without 
designated type, this generic name must be retained for the South American Lycog- 

nathus. It appears, however, that Fitzinger (Neue Class. Rept., 1826, pp. 29, 30) 
designated Coluber aulicus as the type of the genus, consequently previously to 
Boie, and as not even the latter himself, under the International Code, could undo 
the previous action of Fitzinger, the name Lycodon must be retained in the sense 
adopted by Boulenger. 

b Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, 1909, p. 495. 


108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


Family AMBLYCEPHALID, 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 255.) 
Genus AMBLYCEPHALUS Boie. 
1822. Amplycephalus Kun, Isis, 1822, p. 474 (nomen nudum). 


1827. Amblycephalus Born, Isis, 1827, p. 519 (type, A. levis). 
1830. Pareas WAGLER, Nat. Syst. Amph., p. 181 (type, Dipsas carinatus). 


AMBLYCEPHALUS FORMOSENSIS Denburgh. 


1909. Amblycephalus formosensis DENBURGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), vol. 
3, Dec. 20, 1909, p. 55 (type-locality, Kanshirei, Formosa; type, Cal. 
Acad. Sci. No. 18006). 

This interesting novelty seems to hold a somewhat intermediate 
position between A. monticola, which occurs in the Eastern Hima- 
layas, the Khasi hills and the Assam hills in Assam, and <A, 
moellendorfii from southeastern China and Indo-China. With the 
former it shares scale-formula and enlarged median dorsals, with 
the latter the exclusion of the supralabials from the eye. 


Family ELAPID/. 
CALLIOPHIS MACCLELLANDII (Reinhardt). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 391.) 


1844. Flaps macclellandii Rernnarpt, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, p. 582.— 
Callophis macclellandii DENBuRGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), vol. 
3, Dec. 20, 1909, p. 54 (Kosempo and Suishako, Formosa). 

Van Denburgh simply remarks that specimens of this species have 
been received from the localities quoted above, but he does not give 
any scale formulas which would throw light on the question raised 
in the Herpetology 6f Japan, whether a high number of ventrals may 
not characterize a separate Formosan form. 


CALLIOPHIS, species. 


Callophis DENBURGH, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4), vol. 3, Dec. 20, 1909, p. 54 
(Giran, Formosa). 

A specimen preserved in the Taiwan library is doubtfully referred 
to by Van Denburgh as possibly ‘“‘an undescribed species.”’ From the 
description furnished by his correspondent it appears that the scale 
formula and other external structural characters are essentially as in 
the specimen of C. macclellandii from Formosa described by me in the 
Herpetology of Japan. Among other characteristics it thus possesses 
243 ventrals. The coloration, however, is very different, being longi- 
tudinally striped instead of transversely barred, and by the additional 
lateral white spots reminds one of the pattern of Hemibungarus 
boettgeri. This similarity might tempt one to suggest that the Giran 
specimen may belong to the latter genus rather than to Calliophis, 


f 


no.1731. FORMOSAN BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 109 


but against this it should be noted that Van Denburgh expressly 
states that “no small teeth could be made out on the right maxilla” 
(the left was found to be destroyed). However, considered in con- 
nection with my former statement (Herpet. Japan, p. 387) that 
Calliophis macelellandii and Hemibungarus japonicus (and conse- 
quently also HH. boettgeri) ‘‘seem to be so closely related to each other 
that the latter appears less nearly allied to any of the other species 
of Hemibungarus,” the suggestion seems justified that the Riukiuan 
species is genetically connected with the Formosan form here dis- 
cussed. If so, the distinctness of the last-mentioned genus, as now 
defined, becomes very dubious indeed. 


NAJA NAJA ATRA (Cantor). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 394.) 

Beyond the single specimen in the British Museum, which Mr. La 
Touche collected near South Cape, Formosa, nothing has been 
recorded regarding the occurrence of the cobra in this island. 

BUNGARUS MULTICINCTUS Blyth. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 397.) 

Found both in northern and southern Formosa, and according to 
Mr. Tada common around Taipa. 

LATICAUDA LATICAUDATA (Linneus). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 402.) 
Apparently common along the coasts of Formosa. 


[LATICAUDA COLUBRINA (Schneider).] 


(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 406.) 


No actual capture of this species on the coasts of Formosa has as 
yet been recorded, though there is every reason to believe that it 
occurs there. . 

(LATICAUDA SEMIFASCIATA (Reinwardt).] 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 409, pl. 22.) 


Occurring, as this species does, in the sea surrounding the neigh- 
boring islands of the southern Riukius and also in the Moluccan Sea, 
it may be looked for with confidence in Formosan waters as well. 


EMYDOCEPHALUS IJIM Stejneger. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 413.) 


In a recent paper ® Doctor Boulenger admits the validity of the 
genus HMmydocephalus and supplies several additional cranial charac- 





a Note on the Ophidian genus Emydocephalus, in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 1, 
Mar. 1908, p. 231. 





110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 38. 








ters in support of it, but he still maintains the identity of the present 
species with £. annulatus. Doctor Wall, on the other hand, who in — 
his two earlier papers* supported Boulenger’s view, in his recent | 
Monograph of the Sea Snakes,? comes to the same result as I, though 
quite independently of my arguments in the Herpetology of Japan, © 
which had not reached him at the time he prepared his work. 


DISTEIRA MELANOCEPHALA (Gray). 


(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 421.) 


It is equally gratifying to see that Doctor Wall, also quite indepen- 
dent of my action, has suppressed the genus Hydrophis and united it 
with Disteira,* a procedure likewise indorsed by Mr. Van Denburgh and 
Doctor Thompson. 

In his Monograph of the Sea Snakes, Doctor Wall not only unites 
D. spiralis, brugmansii, melanocephala, subcincta, melanosoma, wrayt, 
floweri, and alcocki, but suggests that cyanocincta and lapemordes “will 
eventually be united” with D. spiralis. It is quite possible that he 
is right or nearly right in this view, but I think he has to some extent 
anticipated what will ‘‘eventually” take place. In saying this I 
allude to the fact that he states that he considers them “‘all divided on 
insufficient grounds, affecting shields known to be subject to varia- 
tion in this and other allied species.”’ It is not reassuring to read that 
analogy from other allied species has to be invoked in order to effect 
this wholesale lumping. Even the fact that some of the characters — 
relied upon for distinction are subject to variation is not in itself 
suflicient cause for uniting allied forms. Every herpetologist knows 
that in numerous cases of undoubtedly distinct species the variation 
of individual shields is so great that recourse has to be had to a com- 
bination of characters in order to phrase a diagnosis that will apply to 
most of the specimens. If Doctor Wall requires absolutely hard and 
fast lines in. these snakes he may eventually be compelled to make 
further reductions in the number of species. Adding to these con- 
siderations the further fact that the difference between D. spiralis 
and D. melanocephalus is sufliciently marked to draw from him the 
admission ‘‘that melanocephalus is a local variety of spiralis charac- 
terized by rather fewer neck seales”’ (p. 212), I believe myself justified 
in retaining [isteira melanochephala as a distinct heading, at least for 
the present. 

Beyond the specimen recorded by me from the Pescadores nothing 
further is known about this snake on Formosa, though it probably is 
common around the coasts of that island. 


Siti 


— 


@ Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1903, pp. 84-102, and 1905, vol. 2, pp. 511-517. 
bMem. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 2, no. 8, 1909, p. 187. 

¢Idem, p. 193. 

@d Proc, California Acad. Sci. (4), vol. 3, Dec. 31, 1908, p. 41. 


? 


Sa er 


STEJNEGER. 111 





no.1731. FORMOSAN BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES 


DISTEIRA CYANOCINCTA (Daudin). 


(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 428.) 


As for the status of this species I may refer to the remarks under 


the foregoing species. It appears to be common around Formosa. 


(DISTEIRA VIPERINA (Schmidt). ] 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 434.) 


As this species has been recorded from Hongkong and from Swa- 
tow, on the mainland side of the Formosa Channel, there is every 


reason to suppose that it also occurs on the island side, though not 
actually recorded from there as yet. 


Genus PELAMYDRUS,¢ new name. 


1890. Hydrus BouLENGER, Fauna Brit. India, Rep., p. 397 (type JI. platurus), 
(not of Schneider, 1799).—Sresnecer, Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 438. 


_ Under article 30, 1, d, of the International Rules of Zoological 
Nomenclature, Pallas’ Coluber hydrus becomes the type of Schneider’s 
genus Hydrus.> Latreille, in 1802, substituted for //ydrus, which he 
considered preoccupied by Hydra, the name /lydrophis.© The fol- 
lowing year Daudin, considering //yjdrophis inappropiate, as these 
snakes inhabit the sea, substituted Pelamis for it.¢ Both of these 
names being expressly designated as substitutes and without desig- 
nated type must have for type the same species which is the type of 
Hydrus.< Gistel’s Elaphrodytes of 1848 is in the same category, and 
the genus comprising Linneeus’s well-known Anguis platura must be 
given a new name. . 


PELAMYDRUS PLATURUS (Linnzus). 


1766. Anguis platura LinN.%us, Syst. Nat., 12. ed., vol. 1, p. 391.—Hydrus 
platurus StEJNEGER, Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 439. 


“Of regular occurrence around Formosa.” 

@From zndapéc, a young thunny, and ‘vdpoc, a water snake. 

bSee opinion by International Committee of Zoological Nomenclature in Science 
(uss:), vol: 31, Jan. 28, 1910, p. 150. 

¢‘*Nous croyons devoir, pour éviter la confusion, substituer le mot hydrophis, qui 
veut dire serpent d’eau, 4 celui d’hydre ou d’hydrus de Schneider.”’ Hist. Nat. Rep., 
vol. 4, p. 193. 

@Ce genre comprend trois espéces * * * elles ont servi a Latreille pour former 
son genre hydrophis; mais comme elles habitent la mer, je les ai appelées de préfe- 
rence pélamides, et j’ai substitué le nom d’hydrophis aux orvets 4 queue plate et veni- 
meux qui vivent dans l’eau douce.’’ Hist. Nat. Rep., vol. 7, p. 361. 

€ International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, art. 30, u, f. 


112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Family CROTALID. 


AGKISTRODON ACUTUS (Guenther). 


a 


| 
1888. Halys acutus GUENTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vol. 1, 1888 (p. 171; 
pl. 12), (type-locality, mts. w. of Kiukiang, China; types in Brit. Mus., — 
A. E. Pratt, collector).—Ancistrodon acutus BoULENGER, Cat. Snakes 
srit. Mus., vol. 3, 1896, p. 524 (Ichang).—Agkistrodon acutus NAMIYE, © 
Zool. Mag., Tokyo, No. 236, June 15, 1908, p. 192, pl—Dernsureu, Proc. 
California Acad. Sci. (4), vol. 3, Dec. 20, 1909, p. 55 (Koshun and Shin- 
chiku, Formosa). 

This interesting addition to the Formosan fauna was made by 
Namiye in 1908, and its occurrence in the island has since been 
corroborated by the collection made for the California Academy. — 
Occurring, as it does, on the upper Yangtze Kiang and in the prov-— 
ince of Fokien, opposite Formosa, its capture in the latter adds — 
another fact to the many previous ones connecting its fauna with — 
that of the Chinese mainland. 

TRIMERESURUS MUCROSQUAMATUS (Cantor). . 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 467.) : 


1870. Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus SwinnHok, Proc. Soc. Zool. London, 1870, j 
p. 411, pl. 31.—Barsour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 4, 1909, — 
p. 75 (Bankoro, Central Formosa). 


No additional light has been thrown on the occurrence of this — 
species on the mainland, and the identity of the Formosan specimens 
with the species described from the ‘‘hills”” in Assam remains still in 
obscurity. The specimen recorded by Barbour from Bankoro, in 
central Formosa, has the unusual number of 18 scales between the 
supraoculars, the latter being extremely narrow. Otherwise it comes 
within the limits of variation recorded by me. 














TRIMERESURUS MONTICOLA Guenther. 


1853. Parias maculata Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), vol. 12, Dec. 1853, p. 
392 (type-locality, Sikkim; type in Brit. Mus.; Dr. J. Hooker, coilec- 
tor), (not Trimesurus maculatus GRAY, 1842). 

1864. Trimeresurus monticola GUENTHER, Rep. Brit. India, p. 388, pl.-24, fig. 
B (type-localities, Nepaul and Sikkim; types in Brit. Mus.; Hodgson 
and Hooker, collectors).—Barsour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 
vol. 4, Nov. 24, 1909, p. 74 (Mt. Arizan, Central Formosa).—Lachesis 
monticola BOULENGER, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1896, p. 548 

, (Tibet, Himalayas, Assam to Malay peninsula and Sumatra). 

1870. ? Trimeresurus convictus SroticzKa, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 39, p. 

224, pl. 12, figs. 1-16 (type-locality, Penang). 


Another Himalayan species added to the Formosan fauna. Bar- 
bour in recording the fact remarks as follows: 


Stejneger (Herp. of Japan, 1907, p. 480) wrote at the end of his remarks on 7’. okina- 
vensis that no near ally of this species was known from Formosa. He notes its rela- 
tionship to 7’. monticola, and says ‘‘the latter or a related form may be expected to 


no.1731. FORMOSAN BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 118 


occur in that island [Formosa].’’ It is interesting to record now how correct Stejne- 
ger’s surmise was. A fine specimen from Tapposha, Mt. Arizan, central Formosa, 
was acquired with the Owston material. It is colored as Indian specimens are, but 
differs very slightly in having 10 scale sseparating the supraoculars and 10 supra- 
labials. The scale rows are 27 in number, which Boulenger states is a rare condition. 
V. 155; anal entire; C. 46. 
TRIMERESURUS GRAMINEUS (Shaw). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 480.) 


1802. Coluber gramineus Suaw, Gen. Zool., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 420.—Trimeresurus 
gramineus BARBOUR, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 4, 1909, p. 76 
(Bankoro, central Formosa). 


Common. Barbour records two additional specimens. 


Order TESTUDINATA. 


Suborder ATHEC. 
Family DERMOCHELID. 


[DERMOCHELYS SCHLEGELII (Garman).] 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 485.) 


Not recorded from, but undoubtedly occurring occasionally, at 
least, in the waters surrounding Formosa. 


Suborder LAMINIFERA. 
Family TESTUDINID. 


OCADIA SINENSIS Gray. 


(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 489, pl. 28.) 


Apparently common. 
CLEMMYS MUTICA (Cantor). 


1842. Emys mutica Cantor, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. 9 (p. 482), type-locality, 
Canton, China; type in Brit. Mus.; Cantor, collector.—Damonia mutica 
BouLEeNGER, Cat. Chel. Brit. Mus., 1889, p. 96 (Canton).—Clemmys 
mutica SteBENROcK, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien, vol. 23, 1910, p. 312, 
pls. 12-13 (Formosa). 

1855. Emys nigricans Gray, Cat. Shield Rep. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, p. 20 (part: 
type-specimen of FE. mutica).—SieBenrock, Sitz.—Ber, Akad. Wiss. 
Wien, vol. 112, 1903 (p. 439) (Ningpo, China). 

1894. Clemmys schmackeri Borrtcer, Ber, Senckenberg. Ges., 1894 (p. 129, 
pl. 3, fig. 1 a-b) (type-locality, China, probably Hainan; type in Mus. 
Senckenberg.). 

This addition to the fauna of Formosa was recorded by Doctor 
Siebenrock while the present paper was in the press. I can there- 
fore only refer to his article, from which the above synonymy 1s 
derived. The Vienna Museum received eleven specimens from 
Fuhosho, South Formosa. 


Proc.N.M.vol.88—10—S 





114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





CYCLEMYS FLAVOMARGINATA Gray. 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 503, pl. 33.) 


The type of this species came from the Tamsui River, where, ac- 
cording to Swinhoe, it is the prevailing species. 


Family CHELONIIDA. 
[CARETTA OLIVACEA (Eschscholtz).] 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 507, pl. 34.) 

As this marine species is common both to the north and the south 
of Formosa, it is pretty certain that it occurs also in the waters sur- 
rounding this island, though no record of actual capture is known as 
yet. 

CHELONIA JAPONICA (Thunberg). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 509.) 


Already cited as Formosan by Swinhoe under the name Chelonia 
virgata. 
ERETMOCHELYS SQUAMOSA (Girard). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 511.) 


Same remark as under foregoing species. 


Suborder CHILOTA:. 
AMYDA SINENSIS (Wiegmann). 
(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 524.) 
1834. Trionyx (Aspidonectes) sinensis W1EGMANN, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Carol., 
vol. 17, p. 189.—Amyda sinensis BarBour, Proc. New England Zool. 
Club, vol. 4, 1909, p. 77 (Kagi, Formosa). 

Two soft-shelled turtles from China (Cat. Nos. 39313-14, U.S.N.M.), 
collected by Mr. Sowerby in the Hoang-ho, at Honan-fu, province of 
Honan, 1,000 feet altitude, appear to me, after direct comparison, to 
be inseparable from Japanese specimens of the same size. They 
differ, consequently, as much from the Pechili specimens (A. schle- 
gelii) as the Japanese specimens do. At present the Hoang-ho 
empties into the Gulf of Chili, not far from the mouth of the rivers in 
which A. sehlegelii is at home, but this embouchure is only a recent 
one, as prior to 1852 the Yellow River emptied into the sea not far 
from the mouth of the Yang-tse-Kiang, the lower part of these two 
river systems being more or less connected through extensive lakes 
and swamps, as well as canals. Whether the soft-shelled turtles 
from these two rivers are identical, time alone will show, and as the 
type-locality of A. sinensis is Macao, the question of the latter’s rela- 


tion to the above and to the Formosan forms is equally for the future 
to answer. 
[DOGANIA SUBPLANA (Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire).] 


(Herpet. Japan, 1907, p. 531.) 


The occurrence of this species in Formosa is still very problematical. 


ee 


THE PHYLOGENETIC INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF THE 
RECENT CRINOIDS. 


By Austin H. Crarx, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U.S. National Museum. 


In the present enligntened epoch of comprehensive zoological 
thought, one is justly considered as antiquated and narrow-minded 
if, in the study of any group of organisms, careful attention is not 
given to their fossil representatives. Yet in many cases the com- 
bination of recent species with their fossil representatives and near 
relations forms a mass very difficult of mental digestion, and it is 
found that the best results are attained by studying each component 
separately and then combining the acquired data. 

The study of the Crinoidea has always been approached from the 


_ paleontological standpoint as a natural corollary of the preponder- 


ance of the fossil over the recent species; but a comparative study 
restricted to recent forms alone brings out certain points well worthy 
of consideration, and emphasizes certain facts not so evident if 
recent and fossil species are studied all together. 

In the present paper all the recent crinoid groups will be taken up 
and their various interrelationships shown, without reference to any 
of their fossil relations, as if there were none but recent crinoids, in 
the hope that this unique and more or less illogical treatment will 
call attention to certain points hitherto more or less obscured. 

In studying the recent crinoids I have become impressed with the 
fact that the stems offer the best criteria for tracing out phylogenetic 
relationships; a critical study of the stems has shown that all the 
types converge, both phylogenetically and (where observations have 
been possible) ontogenetically to a common center. -Next in impor- 
tance to the stems come the basals, and using these two structures 
alone we can form a very satisfactory phylogenetic tree. 

On the characters offered by the stem and basals, the recent crinoids 
fall into three sharply differentiated groups, as follows: 

a'. Stem short and stout, unjointed. Holopus. 
a’. Stem long and slender, with many joints. 
b!. Stem without cirri or nodes; the basals are inclined upward more or less toward 
a position parallel to the dorso-ventral axis, enclosing a cup-shaped cavity, 
and form part of the lateral body wall. 
Phrynocrinus; Ptilocrinus; Calamocrinus,; Hyocrinus; Gephyrocrinus, 
Bathycrinus, Rhizocrinus: 

62. Stem with cirri, forming one or more nodes; the basals are horizontal, or have 

become metamorphosed, and do not form part of the lateral body wall. 


Comatulida; Pentacrinitide. 





PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38, No. 1732. 


116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Were there no such things as fossil crinoids, each of these groups 
would have the standing of an order; and for the purposes of this 
paper they may be referred to as (1) the Holopida, (2) the Ptilo- 
erinida, and (3) the Comatulida. 

The stem of Jolopus is of the simplest possible construction, 
being practically but a simple thickening of the primitive central 
plate. Our Holopida therefore are a surviving early offshoot from 
the main line of descent, representing a developmental stage of 
great antiquity, before the inception of articulations in the crinoidal 
base. 

I have elsewhere shown that the theoretically most primitive type 
of articulated crinoidal columnar is that found in Rhizocrinus, and, 
especially, Bathycrinus; these two genera, therefore, stand at the 
foot of the Ptilocrinida, though not on the same plane, for the second 
is much more specialized than the first. The stem of Phrynocrinus 
is a curious and unique adaptation of the primitive articulated col- 
umnar to a great increase in size and the necessity of supporting a 
greatly increased weight; the individual columnars of Phrynocrinus 
are morphologically the same as those of Bathycrinus, but modified 
by being greatly shortened, the diminution in length being correlated 
with a broadening of the terminal ellipses. The family Phryno- 
crinide therefore marks the furthest development in the line of the 
simplest possible adaptation to increasing stress of a column of the 
type found in the Rhizocrinide. In very large specimens of Bathy- 
crinus we notice that the primitive fulcral ridge on the articular 
faces of the columnars shows a tendency to form a pair of triangular 
structures with their apices at the central canal, and these triangular, 
or more properly fan-like, structures are marked more or less distinctly 
with radiating lines. This indicates a second line of adaptation to 
increased stress, which eventually results in the formation of circular 
articular surfaces uniformly covered with radiating lines. Such articu- 
lar surfaces are common to Ptilocrinus, Calamocrinus, Gephyrocrinus, 
and JTyocrinus, and therefore we should group these four genera 
together (a course already in part indicated by Doctor Bather) 
making of them the superfamily Hyocrinoida which, most obviously 
on the basis of the arrangement of the brachials, falls into two 
families, Ptilocrinide and Hyocrinide. 

The great order of the Comatulida, and the family Pentacrinitide, 
to which the vast majority of the recent forms belong, represent a 
higher state of development and phylogenetic (as opposed to generic 
or family) specialization than the Ptilocrinida; for we find that the 
primitively uniform stem of the latter in this group is modified by the 
development, at regular intervals, of cirriferous nodes; and the basals, 
which throughout the echinoderms form part of the body wall and in 
the Heteroradiata lie in the same plane as the radials, forming in con- 


no.1732. INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF RECENT CRINOIDS—CLARK. 117 


junction with them a dorsal cup, here have come to lie horizontally, 
have moved inward, and have become more or less atrophied or meta- 
morphosed, taking no part whatever in the formation of anything but 
the bottom of the cup. The Comatulida are sharply divided into two 
parts: (1) Those species in which the stem is retained throughout life, 
and (2) those in which it is cast off at an early stage—the Pentacrini- 
tid and the Comatulida. 

So far as can be judged from the available facts, the earlier stage of 
these two groups is the same; a dorso-central like that of Phrynocrinus, 
or a root like that of Rhizocrinus, supports a Bathycrinus-like stem, 
which in turn bears a crown in which the basals are large and form 
part of the dorsal cup exactly as in Rhizocrinus, and large orals are 
present, as in the Holopida and Ptilocrinida generally. But after the 
formation of a certain number of columnars, approximately definite 
for each species, a specialized columnar is formed which is united to 
the preceding by a plane articular surface instead of by an articular 
surface comprising the usual fulcral ridge and ligament fosse, and 
which gives off radially five articulated processes, the cirri. At this 
stage the basals, at first large and an important and essential part of 
the wall of the calyx cup, have considerably diminished in their 
external size, due to having become more recumbent in position, and 
to having slipped inward under the central part of the dorsal cup. 

From this point onward the paths of the Pentacrinitide and the 
Comatulida diverge. In the former a new series of columnars, resem- 
bling the first series, is added on top of the cirriferous nodal, this series 
also terminating, as did the first, in a nodal, a second cirriferous 
columnar, separated from the first by about the same number of 
ordinary columnars as separated the first from the dorso-central. 
This process is continued; new columnars are added one by one, every 
so often one being formed with a whorl of cirri; with increasing size 
the columnars gradually become shorter, and the primitive fulcral 
ridge little by little spreads out into two fan-like figures, which have 
indicated radiating lines. The structure of the basals has not changed 
since the formation of the first nodal and its whorl of cirri; they are 
much reduced in size and lie horizontally so that their sides are dorsal 
and ventral, and their edges outward. As each columnar is formed, 
either directly under the basals or, in later life, by intercalation 
between the upper columnars, it is cast in a mold formed by the 
under side of the basals, and thereby becomes modified by the acquisi- 
tion of petaloid markings, more or less obscuring the primitive radiat- 
ing lines which otherwise would have been formed. 

In the Comatulida, stem development ceases when the first nodal is 
formed; but the nodal itself greatly increases in size, and usually 
adds several additional rows of cirri to the first; coincidentally the 
basals slip farther and farther inward, disappearing from sight alto- 


118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


cether,” and fusing so as to form the so-called rosette; the stem, now 
become too delicate to support the growing animal, breaks off at the 
modified articulation just under the nodal, and the animal becomes a 
so-called free form. 

It is interesting to notice that in the adults of the Pentacrinitidee 
and Comatulida the radials have undergone a considerable change 
comparable to that undergone by the basals. Primarily large broad 
plates forming an important part of the calyx wall, as seen in the 
Ptilocrinida, they have gradually become recumbent, and have 
attained an almost or quite horizontal position. Their inferior ends, 
originally abutting on the superior ends of the basals, with which 
they form, as in the young of Antedon, a smooth, regularly-rounded 
cup, have, as the basals became more and more recumbent, gradually 
slipped inward, so as to become attached to what was at first the 
inner side of the basals. When the radials in their turn became 
recumbent their lower ends slipped inward along the upper (origi- 
nally inner) surface of the basals, so that finally the radials come to 
form a circlet of almost or quite horizontal plates, superposed upon 
the similar circlet of horizontal basals. The infrabasals long ago 
underwent a similar transformation, and in the Comatulida and in 
the pentacrinite genus Endoxocrinus have been quite lost. Morpho- 
logically, therefore, the calyx of the Comatulida and Pentacrinitide 
is composed of three alternating circlets of five plates each, super- 
posed horizontally upon each other, so that the first two have entirely 
lost their original function of serving as a protection to the calyx con- 
tents, and the third, or uppermost, merely forms the central part of 
the calyx floor, having for its chief function the support of the arms. 

The changes undergone by the plates of the calyx which primarily 
form a cup about the calyx contents are accompanied by a gradual 
extrusion of the calyx contents, so that these (the so-called disk) 
come to be supported more and more by the arm bases, and in the 
Pentacrinitid and Comatulida rest upon the post-radial ossicles to and 
including the second of the undivided arm. In many cases these ossi- 
cles have spread out laterally, and are in close lateral apposition, so 
that they have taken on the function of the original calyx plates and 
form a solid calcareous wall enclosing and protecting the “‘soft parts.” 

Exactly the same thing has taken place in Bathycrinus, but by a 
radically different process; instead a diminution of the interior vol- 
ume of the calyx cup by the attainment gradually of a horizontal 
position and a slipping inward of the calyx plates, the basals and 
radials have moved inward without at all changing their original 
relationships, but with the same result of causing the “soft parts” 
to be extruded and to be supported by the post-radial ossicles. 





«Except in Alelecrinus, where the basals are retained in the condition of those of 
the Pentacrinitide. 


NEW HYMENOPTERA FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 


By J. C. Crawrorp, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Insects, U.S. National Museum. 


The species described in this paper were for the most part col- 
lected by the Rev. Robert E. Brown, S. J., although a few are from 
the material gathered by the Rev. William A. Stanton, S. J. Under 
each species credit has been given to the collector. In the Philippine 
Journal of Science * Father Brown has given a list of the species of 
Hymenoptera found in the islands and has cited several names sent 
him by the late Dr. W. H. Ashmead which are manuscript names. 
In describing these species, of which no manuscript has been found, 
the names used by Doctor Ashmead have been adopted. 


Superfamily APOIDEA. 
Family CERATINID. 


CERATINA TROPICA, new species. 


Female—Length 6-6.5 mm. Black, with the following yellow 
markings: A transverse line on anterior margin of clypeus, slightly 
wider medially, one on anterior margin of supraclypeal area, a spot 
on each side of face below, one opposite insertion of antenne, two 
small spots back -of antenne, a long line on posterior orbits, collar, 
tubercles, a large spot on scutellum, narrow transverse line on abdom- 
inal segments 1-5, those on segments 1, 4, and 5 dilated medially, 
those on 2, 3, and 4 narrowly interrupted medially; head coarsely 
punctured; mesothorax closely, more finely punctured, the punctures 
crowded, the disk impunctured; base of metathorax very finely longi- 
tudinally wrinkled, the wrinkles not reaching the apex, the apex 
_ finely lineolate; mesopleure closely punctured; wings slightly dusky; 
tegule almost black, veins of wings dark brown; legs black, knees, 
outer side of anterior tibiew, and first jomt of hind tarsi yellowish- 
white; tarsi reddish; first three segments of abdomen closely punc- 
tured, following segments rugoso-punctate. 

Male.—Length 5.5 mm. Similar to the female, markings differing 
as follows: Labrum yellow; mark on clypeus with a longer upward 


«Vol. 1, pp. 683 to 695. 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 38—No. 1733. 


120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





extension; spots on sides of face connected; outer side of all tibize 
yellowish-white; front tibiz reddish; bands on segments 2 and 3 
widely interrupted; a band on sixth segment. 

Manila, P. I. (Robert E. Brown, collector.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12885, U.S.N.M. 


Family ANDRENID. 
Subfamily HALICTINZ&. 


NESOHALICTUS, new subgenus. 


Closely resembles J/alictus, but differs by the greatly elongate 
tongue, which is about as long as the antenne, by having the inner 
spur of the hind tibiz in the male armed with a few large teeth, and 
by having all the transverso-cubital veins, the cubitus beyond the 
second transverse cubital, and the upper two-thirds of the second 
recurrent vein, obsolescent. 

Type.—The following species. 


HALICTUS (NESOHALICTUS) ROBBII, new species. 


Male.—Length 6-6.5 mm. Black, head and thorax finely line- 
olated, covered with long, whitish, plumose pubescence, clypeus 
greatly produced, with scattered large, weak punctures, punctures 
of the supraclypeal area closer; above antenne the punctures fine, 
crowded; antenne reddish beneath, joints two and three short, 
together hardly as long as the fourth; mesothorax finely reticulated 
with scattered fine punctures, the reticulations appearing as punc- 
tures, except under a high power; median and parapsidal furrows 
apparent; metathorax irregularly rugulose, with an indistinct basal 
inclosure, which is not pubescent; truncation surrounded by a hex- 
agonal carina; wings slightly dusky, stigma and veins light colored; 
legs brown, tarsi reddish, hind inner spur with a few large teeth; 
abdomen closely, finely punctured; segments 2-4 with small basal 
hair patches. 

lemale.—Unknown. 

Manila, P. I. (Collected by M. L. Robb and R. E. Brown.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12886, U.S.N.M. 

Named for M. L. Robb, the collector. 


Superfamily SPHECOIDEA. 
‘amily PHILANTHID. 


CERCERIS LUZONENSIS, new species. 


Male.—Length 7 mm. Black, coarsely and closely punctured, 
more closely so on pleure; enclosed place at base of metathorax 
longitudinally striate; scape except a line above, broad inner mar- 
gins of eyes to above level of insertion of antennae, spot at base of 


ee 


No. 1733. NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA—CRAWFORD. (21 


clypeus, a spot on each side of prothorax, spot on tegule, postscu- 
tellum almost entirely, anterior and middle tibize and tarsi, basal 
half of hind tibia, spot at base of segment 2, small spot on each side 
of segments 2 and 4 at apex, apical half of segments 3 and 6, yellow: 
lateral angles of clypeus strongly produced; wings dusky, the ante- 
rior margin with a more deeply infuscated band; bases of abdominal 
segments strongly constricted; venter black, first segment with a 
median keel basally, third segment with a transverse yellow band. 
Manila, P. I. (R. KE. Brown, collector.) One specimen. 
Type.—Cat. No. 12887, U.S.N.M. 


Superfamily VESPOIDEA. 
Family TIPHIID™. 


TIPHIA ASHMEADI, new species. 


Male.—Length 4.75-6 mm. Black, sparsely pubescent, the 
pubescence at apex of abdomen golden; head and thorax finely 
reticulated; antenne reddish beneath, joints two and three sub- 
equal, together longer than four; clypeus produced, with small, well- 
separated punctures; punctures immediately above antenne close, 
in front of ocelli, sparse; those along inner orbits close almost up to 
ocelli; thorax, including scutellum and postscutellum, sparsely 
punctured; propleure finely lineolated, mesopleure reticulated and 
punctured, metapleure longitudinally striated except at front 
beneath where they are strongly lineolated; metathorax with three 
straight, longitudinal carine, the outer ones converging slightly 
towards apex, between them coarsely sculptured, lateral areas trans- 
versely rugulose basally; truncation of metathorax closely sculp- 
tured all over; tegule black with a broad reddish margin, reticu- 
lated; wings slightly dusky, veins light brown, stigma dark brown; 
legs black, front and middle femora at apices together with the 
tibiz and tarsi, brownish; abdomen shiny, sparsely punctured, more 
closely so on apical segments; segments 2 to apex reticulated. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown and W. A. Stanton, collectors.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12824, U.S.N.M. 

Named for the late Dr. W. H. Ashmead. 


TIPHIA LUCIDA, new species. 


Male.—Length about 6mm. Closely related to 7. ashmeadi; head 
and thorax not reticulated; joint three of antenne distinctly longer 
than two; clypeus not produced, with large, close punctures; punc- 
tures along inner orbits close almost up to ocelli; tegule reticulated 
at rear; mesopleure not reticulated; truncation of metathorax at 
top smooth, below coarsely sculptured; punctures of scutellum close, 
coarse; of postscutellum close, very coarse; metathorax with three 
longitudinal carine, the outer ones converging toward apex and 


129 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


curved inwardly; between them not coarsely sculptured; the apical 
part of inclosure smooth, the median carina not reaching apex; 
abdomen sparsely punctured, not reticulate. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12825, U.S.N.M. 


TIPHIA SEGREGATA, new species. 


Male.—Length 6mm. Closely related to the two species described 
above: head and thorax not reticulated; joints two and three of an- 
tenne subequal; clypeus not produced, withsmall, well-separated 
punctures; punctures along inner orbits not close; punctures of 
thorax, including scutellum and postscutellum, sparse; metathorax 
with three carine, the outer ones straight, converging toward apex, 
between them coarsely sculptured; truncation sculptured all over; 
tegulee smooth; mesopleure not reticulated; abdomen sparsely punc- 
tured, not reticulated. 

Female.—Length 6.5 mm. Similar to the male, below antennze 
finely roughened and with scattered punctures, the clypeus apically 
smooth; above antenne with sparse coarse punctures; metathoracic 
carine, as in male; sculpture of metathorax, entirely fine. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown and W. A. Stanton, collectors.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12826, U.S.N.M. 


Superfamily PROCTOTRY POIDEA 
Family DIAPRITD“. 


LOXOTROPA TRICORNUTA, new species. 


Female-—Length 2.5 mm. Deep mahogany brown, head black, 
the face brown; antennex, legs, and abdomen apically lighter brown; 
head in front of ocelli with lateral and a median processes; the lateral 
ones larger; all the prominences with sharp points; from the median 
one a carina runs downward between antenne; prominence on which 
antenne are inserted large, front of prominence with a median carina 
extending down to mouth parts; antenne about 2 mm. long; scutel- 
lum at base unifoveate; prothorax and metathorax covered with 
pubescence; metathorax with a median carina and lateral carine, 
forming two depressed areas; median carina at base elevated into an 
angular prominence; metathorax at apex produced, emarginate; 
wings slightly yellowish; first segment of abdomen occupying most 
of surface. 

Male.—Length 2.5 mm. Similar to the female; antennz over 3 
mm. long. 

Manila, a I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12888, U.S.N.M. 





| 
| 


NO. 1733. NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA—CRAWFORD. 123 


LIPOGLYPTUS, new genus. 


Antenne thirteen-jointed in both sexes, inserted on a strong frontal 
prominence, very slightly enlarged toward apex in female, filiform in 
male; the scape very long in the female; prothorax long, truncate in 
front; mesothorax without furrows; scutellum foveate at base,each 
side with an elongate fovea extending to the apex of the seutellum, 
these fovezr with carinate sides; metathorax with median and lateral 
longitudinal carine; submarginal vein reaching the anterior margin 
_of wing slightly before the middle of the wing; marginal vein long, 
stigmal vein very short, hardly visible; basal vein indicated by an 
infuscated line in the female, not at all indicated in the male; petiole 
long, fluted. 

In Doctor Kieffer’s classification of the Diapriine this genus comes 
near [emilexodes Ashmead. 

Type of genus.—Lipoglyptus primus Crawford. 


LIPOGLYPTUS PRIMUS, new species. 





Female. 
shiny, head and thorax with sparse, long hairs; scape of antenne 
dark brown, pedicel and first four joimts of funicle lighter brown; 
beyond, orange; pedicel short, about two-thirds as long as the first 
joint of the funicle; joints two to five of funicle gradually decreasing 
in length, the following joints subquadrate, the apical joint over twice 
as long as wide; median carina of metathorax greatly elevated, espe- 
cially at base; pro--and mesopleure smooth; metapleure with large 
longitudinal grooves; wings deeply infuscated, marginal fringes 
short; tegule and legs, including coxx, brown; femora and _ tibize 
pedunculate; first segment of abdomen occupying most of surface. 

Male —Length about 2.5 mm.; antenne over 5 mm. Similar to 
the female; antenne reddish brown; pedicel short, as long as the first 
joint of the funicle; following joints of antenne greatly elongate; 
second joint of funicle near base above with a short carina; median 
carina of metathorax less elevated than in female; grooves of meta- 
pleure indistinct, the surface finely roughened; legs lighter in color; 
w_ongs not so deeply infuscated. 

Manila, P.I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type-—Cat. No. 12889, U.S.N.M.) 


Length 3-3.5 mm.; antenne over2 mm. Black, smooth, 





COLOGLYPTUS, new genus. 


Antenne with thirteen joints, the club four-jointed; submarginal 
vein reaching the anterior margin of the wing about one-third the 
distance from the base of the wing to the apex; eyes hairy; wing 
without = basal vein; parapsidal furrows visible only posteriorly, 
deep; scutellum with two fovex at base and along each side a fovea; 


124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 





metathorax with a median carma which basally is elevated into an 
angulated prominence. 
Type of genus.—Cologlyptus kieffert Crawford. “e 
In Doctor Kieffer’s table of the Diapriine ¢ this genus runs nearest 
to Basalys. 
COLOGLYPTUS KIEFFERI, new species. 


Female.—Length about 2mm. Deep brown, the abdomen at base 
of second segment and along sides more or less inclining to reddish 
testaceous; the whole insect smooth and shining, head and thorax 
with long pubescence, abundant on prothorax, metathorax, and 
petiole; antenne light brown, flagellum inclining to reddish, the club 
dark brown; joints of flagellum, except first, almost subquadrate; 
the first about as long as the pedicel; scutellum at apex with a trans- 
verse row of punctures; postscutellum with a median longitudinal 
carina; metathorax on each side of median carina with a longitudinal 
carina having a branch on each side, the one directed laterad at about 
the middle, the one directed mesad near base, so that the metathorax 
is areolated; petiole fluted; legs yellow, the femora strongly peduncu- 
late; first segment of the abdomen occupying most of the surface. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Manila, P. I. Three specimens collected by R. E. Brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12890, U.S.N.M. 

Dedicated to Dr. J. J. Kieffer. 





Family SCELIONID/. 
Subfamily BAHIN 4. 


ACOLUS LUTEIPES, new species. 


Female —Length1mm. Black; face with a vertical carina extend- 
ing from the anterior ocellus to the mouth parts, upper part of face 
closely punctured, the lower part vertically striate; flagellum four- 
jointed, joints of club so closely fused as to make the club appear 
one-jointed; mesonotum closely punctured, punctures of the scutel- 
lum sparse, fine; scutellum apically margined; wings slightly dusky; 
the submarginal vein long; basal vein short; legs yellow; first seg- 
ment and second segment of abdomen medially with longitudinal 
strie, rest of abdomen closely punctured with the apical margins of 
segments narrowly impunctured. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12891, U.S.N.M. 

This species in Father Brown’s catalogue of the Philippine Hymen- 
optera is listed under the manuscript name used by Doctor Ashmead 
of Hadronotus lute i pe S. 


4Ann. Mus. Stor. Genova, vol. 42, 1905, p. 33. 





2 
2 


+] 
Y 
o 


NO. 1 


: NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA—CRAWFORD. 135 


Subfamily THLBASIN A. 


PROSACANTHA ROBERTI, new species. 


Male.—Length 1 mm. Black, petiole and base of first abdominal 
segment yellow; head smooth and shiny; below antenne vertically 
striate; the antenne almost twice the length of the body, the scape 
testaceous, rest of antenne brown; mesothorax finely punctured, the 
scutellum smooth; metathorax with a distinct median carina: scler- 
ites of mesopleurx separated from each other by a row of pits; wings 
very long and narrow, dusky, the marginal fringes very long, front 
wings on the posterior margin near base produced to a distinet point; 
petiole, basal half of first segment, and base of second with longitudinal 
striz. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type—Cat. No. 12892, U.S.N.M. 





PROSACANTHA STRIATICEPS, new species. 





Male—Length 1.5 mm.; antenne 2.5 mm. Black, the first seg- 
ment of the abdomen red; face except medially above antennew, ver- 
tically striate; clypeus transversely striate, the lateral angles pro- 
duced; head behind eyes finely punctured; mandibles testaceous: 
antennz brown, the third joint of the funicle at base with an elevated 
‘arina and not excised; mesonotum finely punctured; scutellum just 
before apex with a transverse row of large punctures, behind them 
smooth, shiny; metathorax rugose; wings dusky; legs rufo-testaceous; 
first and second segments of abdomen and the third basally and 
laterally, longitudinally striate. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) One specimen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12893, U.S.N.M. 


Subfamily SCHLIONIN®. 


HABROTELEIA BROWNI, new species. 





Female.—Length 4.5 mm. Black, scape, tegule and legs including 
coxe, rufo-testaceous; head coarsely punctured; parapsidal furrows 
consisting of a row of large punctures; middle lobe of mesonotum 
with a median longitudinal depressed area which is finely punctured; 
mesonotum along sides and anterior margin with a single row of large 
punctures, anteriorly the middle lobe finely punctured; elsewhere the 
mesonotum is almost impunctured, smooth, polished, scutellum at 
base with a row of large pits, coarsely punctured, near apex with a 
transverse row of punctures, back of this smooth; postscutellum with 
large pits and a short median spine; metathorax with a long median 
spine and the sides greatly prolonged caudad to form the socket for 
the abdominal spine; wings deeply infuscated, reaching beyond the 
apex of the fourth abdominal segment; abdomen including basal horn, 


126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


longitudin: ally striz he ican een ana striz with punctures, Phe Bee 
segment near base w ith a semicircular row of large pits; venter longi- 
tudinally striate and punctured between the striz. 

Manila, P. I. Two specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12894, U.S.N.M. 

Named in honor of Father R. E. Brown, who collected the specimens. 


PLATYSCELIO ABNORMIS, new species. 


Male.—Length about 3.5 mm. Black, shiny, greatly flattened, 
the antenn twelve jointed, filiform, rufo-testaceous; scape flattened, 
enlarged toward apex, pedicel short, not longer than wide; joints of 
the flagallum elongate, the third with a short carina on one side; 
three ocelli present, the ocellar triangle longitudinally striate; head 
with a strong median carina bifurcated at each end, the bifurcations 
at the posterior end embracing the anterior ocellus, those at the 
anterior end running to each antenna; head smooth, polished, 
single row of punctures along the anterior orbits of the eyes; middle 
lobe of mesothorax longitudinally punctate-striate, the lateral lobes 
punctured only anteriorly, the disk smooth but with a short indistinet 
furrow; scutellum near apex with a single transverse row of punc- 
tures, interrupted medially; metathorax striate laterally, the median 
area smooth, with a longitudinal furrow which posteriorly bifurcates ; 
wings slightly dusky, reaching beyond the apex of the fourth segment, 
the marginal vein long, the stigmal short, the postmarginal wanting; 
legs testaceous; abdomen closely longitudinally striate-punctate; the 
lateral carine distinct to the middle of the fifth segment. 

Manila, P. I. One specimen collected by R. E. Brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12895, U.S.N.M. 


MACROTELEIA STRIATIVENTRIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 5mm. Black, the scape of antennz and the legs, 
including the coxx reddish-testaceous; pedicel brown, the apex 
lighter, funicle brown, the club black; head and thorax with rather 
close, coarse punctures; meso- and metapleure longitudinally striate, 
the strie of the anterior part of the mesopleure with punctures in 
the interstices; wings slightly dusky reaching beyond the middle of 
the fourth segment; veins brown, the postmarginal about twice as 
long as the marginal; abdomen longitudinally striate, the third 
segment distinctly longer than second, the fourth about as long as 
the second and longer than the fifth; sixth segment longer than fifth, 
viewed in profile, slender, the line of the dorsum straight. 

Male.—Length 4.5mm. Similar to the female, the wings reaching 
almost to the apex of fourth segment; sixth and seventh segments 
short, the seventh segment without prongs at apex 

Manila, oh I. “(R. E. Brown, collector.) Four specimens. 

Type. Cat. No. 12896, U.S.N.M. 





NO. 1735. NEW PHILIPPINE HY MENOPTERA—CRAW FORD. LT 


—— $a 





MACROTELEIA KIEFFERI, new species. 


Female.—Similar to M. striativentris; black, scape and legs, in- 
cluding coxx reddish-testaceous; meso- and metapleure: punctured : 
wings reaching beyond apex of fourth segment; veins light, the 
postmarginal not much longer than the marginal; segments two and 
three of abdomen subequal, the fourth shorter, longer than the fifth: 
sixth segment about as long as fourth, viewed in profile the line of 
the dorsum slightly curved. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) Two specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12897, U.S.N.M. 

Named for Rev. J. J. Kieffer. 





MACROTELEIA MANILENSIS Ashmead. 





Female.—Length 3.25 mm. Very similar to the two species de- 
scribed above, the mesopleure punctured, the metapleure striate; 
wings reaching beyond the apex of the fifth segment, the veins light 
colored, the postmarginal not much longer than the marginal; seg- 
ments two and three of abdomen subequal, the fourth much shorter 
but longer than the fifth, the sixth about as long as the fourth and 
viewed in profile with the line of the dorsum strongly curved. 

Male.—Similar to the female in structure of the pleur; last seg- 
ments of abdomen with two prongs at apex. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Doctor Ashmead, when describing this species, had before him 
only a male specimen. 


Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA. | 
Family TORY MID. 
Subfamily MONODONTOMHRIN 4. 


DIMEROMICRUS, new genus. 


Antenne 13-jointed with two ring joints; in the male these ring 
joints so minute as to appear as one, except under high magnification ; 
funicle six-jointed; occipital foraminal depression margined ; scutellum 
without a cross furrow; abdominal segments incised medially; front 
femora normal; pronotum short; hind femora almost smooth  be- 
neath, excised at apex; eyes bare; marginal vein about as long as 
submarginal; stigmal knob subsessile; postmarginal vein” hardly 
longer than stigmal knob. 

Plesiostigmodes the only other genus in the subfamily having two 
ring joints, differs in having the front femora much swollen and the 
pronotum longer than the mesonotum. 

Type of genus.—Dimeromicrus ashmeadi Crawford, 


128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 


DIMEROMICRUS ASHMEADI, new species. 


Female.—Length 1.6 mm. Head and thorax bluish green; abdo- 
men medially brown; head finely lneolated; antennz brown; scape 
yellow; thorax transversely lineolated; legs yellow; coxe and hind 
femora except tips green; abdomen very finely lineolated; ovipositor 
about as long as abdomen. 

Male.—Length 1.4 mm. Similar to female, but more brassy green; 
mesothorax more coarsely sculptured, abdomen more yellowish. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12898, U.S.N.M. 

Dedicated to the late Dr. W. H. Ashmead. 





Subfamily PODAGRIONIN 2X. 


PODAGRION PHILIPPINENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 2.25 mm., ovipositor 83 mm.; deep blue, antennz 
brownish, scape lighter, ring joint small; head and thorax closely 
reticulated by slightly raised lines, becoming stronger toward rear of 
mesonotum and on scutellum; parapsidal areas almost smooth, the 
reticulation very indistinct; scutellum posteriorly and axille im- 
punctate; base of metathorax with two diverging carine running 
backward from medial anterior margin, these joined by two running 
forward from apex of metathorax forming a diamond-shaped area; 
this area finely rugose, rest of metathorax coarsely rugose; front and 
middle femora brown, hind bluish; tibiz: mostly brownish, tarsi 
light; hind femora with nine teeth. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12899, U.S.N.M. 


PODAGRION ASHMEADI, new species. 


~ 


Fremale.—Length 2.75 mm.; ovipositor about 4 mm.; head and 
thorax dull green, abdomen yellowish, with the base metallic and apical 
half brown; head closely and strongly punctured; antenne yellowish, 
club dark, ring joint longer than wide; pro- and mesothorax finely 
rugoso-punctate, becoming larger, distinct punctures on rear of meso 
notum and scutellum; rear of scutellum and axille impunctate, 
finely roughened; parapsidal grooves obscured by roughness of sculp- 
ture; metathorax irregularly rugose, slightly back of middle with a 
transverse ruga stronger than the rest; front and middle legs, includ- 
ing coxe, yellow; hind cox at base metallic, rest yellowish; hind 
femora and tibiw more or less obscured with dusky, their tarsi yel- 
lowish; hind femora with eight teeth. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12900, U.S.N.M. 

Named for Dr. W. H. Ashmead. 


no. 1733. NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA—CRAWFORD. 129 


Family CHALCIDID. 


Subfamily CHALCIDIN 24%. 





Tribe CHALCITELLINI. 


ANACRYPTUS STANTONI Ashmead. 


This species was described by Doctor Ashmead in the genus 
Arretocera, but the specimens show on the hind tibix the tooth 
which characterizes the genus Anacryptus. 


ANACRYPTUS SCULPTURATUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 2.5 mm. Black, petiole, base of abdomen and 


lower margins of the segments brown; face punctured, the medial 
part finely transversely lineolated; antenne brown, the scape yellow; 
back of head finely lineolated; thorax with large punctures, those on 
scutellum stronger; anterior part of mesopleure rugose, the posterior 
part very coarsely rugoso-punctate; wings slightly yellowish; ante- 
rior and middle legs, including coxe, testaceous; hind coxe black, 
tips reddish, hind femora and tibiz reddish, the femora black me- 
dially; hind femora with about eight teeth following the large one; 
abdomen smooth, polished. 

Male.—Length 2.5 mm. Similar to female except in sexual char- 
acters. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown and W. A. Stanton, collectors.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12901, U.S.N.M. 


Family EURYTOMID. 
Tribe EURYTOMINI. 


EURYTOMA FULVIPES, new species. 


Female.—Length 2 mm. Black, head, including face below an- 
tenne and thorax, umbilicately punctured; pubescence white; an- 
tenne brown, the scape reddish-testaceous; joints of funicle almost 
quadrate, the first slightly longer than wide; prothorax about twice 
as wide as long; metathorax rugose, median groove with an indistinct 
double row of transverse pits; wings hyaline, nervures almost white; 
legs red, the cox black, tarsi whitish; petiole short; abdomen pol- 
ished, the third segment much the longest, the fourth showing only 
slightly. 

Male.—Length 2 mm. Similar to the female; scape and pedicel 
reddish-testaceous, flagellum brown; joints of the funicle excised 
above; legs reddish, coxve black, tarsi whitish; petiole about as long 
as hind coxe. 

Manila, P. Il. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12902, U.S.N.M. 


Proc.N.M.vol.88—10 9 





130 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 38, 





EURYTOMA BRUNNEIPENNIS, new species. 


Iemale. 





Length 3 mm. Black, closely, strongly umbilicately 
punctured, with yellowish pubescence; carine along inner orbits not 
high, but distinct, with a row of punctures between them and the 
eyes; face below antenne with striz converging toward mouth; an- 
tennal fossa strongly carinate at sides, these carine continued below 
to the mouth; antenne long, dark, the scape testaceous except apical 
half above; first joint of funicle about as long as scape; following 
joints of funicle about twice as long as broad; prothorax about twice 
as wide as long; mesopleure weakly, irregularly rugose; metathorax 
coarsely, irregularly rugose, with a median longitudinal depression, 
but no differentiated area; wings strongly infuscated; cox black, 
trochanters, bases, and apices of femora and tibiz and the tarsi red- 
dish-testaceous, the hind tarsi more whitish; femora and tibiz me- 
dially dark brown or black; petiole longer than hind coxe, rugulose 
above; abdomen polished, segment 3 longer than 4. 

Male.—Length 2.5 mm. Similar to female; antenne longer, the 
joints of funicle more elongate, the first longer than the scape; scape 
at apex below with a projecting, rounded elevation; joints of funicle 
not excised above, and covered with hairs not arranged in whorls; 
petiole longer than in female. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12903, U.S.N.M. 


EURYTOMA BROWNI, new species. 





Female.—Length 2.5 mm. Black, head and thorax strongly um- 
bilicately punctured; face below antenne with striae converging to- 
ward mouth; antennex black, joints of funicle distinctly longer than 
wide, the first almost twice as long as wide and over one-half as long 
as scape; inner orbits with high carine running from just below lateral 
ocelli to the lower level of eyes; carinz at sides of antennal fossa ex- 
tended beneath, converging, to the mouth parts, the area between 
them smooth, shiny; carine at rear of cheeks running to vertex; pro- 
notum about twice as wide as long; metathorax with posterior face 
distinctly separated from sides, irregularly rugose and finely rough- 
ened, the median groove distinguished by a row of transverse pits and 
by the non-roughened surface; wings hyaline, nervures light; legs 
black, knees, most of front tibize and apices of middle and hind tibize 
testaceous; tarsi more whitish; abdomen polished, greatly com- 
pressed, petiole short; third and fourth segments subequal in length, 
each about as long as segments 1 plus 2. 

Male.—Length2mm. Similartofemale; antenne elongate, jointsof 
funicle excised above, hair in whorls; petiole longer than hind coxe. 

Manila, P. J. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12904, U.S.N.M. 

Named for Father Brown. 


no. 1735. NEW PHILIPPINE HY MENOPTERA—CRAWFORD. 13] 





EURYTOMA SYSTOLOIDES, new species. 


Female.—Length 2.5 mm. Black, umbilicately punctured, pubes- 
cence white; face below antenne with strie converging toward mouth; 
no distinct carine along inner orbits; antenne black, joints of funicle 
almost quadrate, the first shghtly longer; pronotum about twice as 
wide as long; mesopleure finely sculptured with thimble-like pune- 
tures, at rear above with horizontal strizw and a row of large punctures; 
metathorax irregularly rugose, medially with a double row of trans- 
verse pits; wings milky hyaline, nervures light testaceous; legs black, 
knees, and extreme tips of tibix yellowish; tarsi whitish; petiole short; 
abdomen polished, segments 1—3 subequal in length, segment 3 slightly 
longer; segment 4 as long as segments 1-3 together. 

Male.——Length 2 mm. Similar to female; antennz longer, joints 
of funicle excised above at apex, hairs arranged in whorls; nervures 
almost white; petiole as long as hind coxe. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12905, U.S.N.M. 


EURYTOMA CARINATIFRONS, new species. 


Female.—Length 2.5mm. Black; head above antenne and thorax 
strongly umbilicately punctured; face below antenne with striz con- 
verging toward mouth; face with a greatly elevated carina on each 
side running parallel to inner orbits, from just in front of lateral ocelli 
to below level of eyes; between these carine and the eyes impunc- 
tured; antennal fossa strongly carinate at sides; below the insertion 
of the antennez these carine continue, converging toward the mouth, 
the space between them, smooth, shiny, and with a single vertical 
stria; carine on posterior edge of cheeks running to vertex; antenne 
long, black, the scape short, reddish, the first joint of flagellum two- 
thirds the length of scape, following joints of funicle about twice as 
long as broad; pronotum twice as broad as long, wider anteriorly; 
metathorax irregularly rugose, with a median groove with transverse 
pits; wings greatly infusecated; legs black, femora pedunculate; 
trochanters, bases and tips of both femora and tibiwe reddish; tarsi 
whitish; abdomen greatly compressed, petiole as long as posterior 
coxx; segment 3 longer than 4. 

Male.—Length 2.5 mm. Similar to female; antenne longer, first 
joint of flagellum as long as scape; joints of funicle not excised above, 
hairs not arranged in whorls; petiole longer than hind coxw; legs red, 
hind femora medially black; occasionally front and middle legs with 
femora infuscated medially. 

Manila, P.I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12906, U.S.N.M. 


r32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Family PTEROMALID. 
Subfamily SPHEGIGASTHRIN 4. 
Tribe PACHYNEURONINI. 


PACHYCREPIS ORIENTALIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 1.75mm. Bluish green, the abdomen more bluish 
and in certain lights bronzy; head and thorax with fine thimble-like 
punctures, those on the head coarser; antennx yellowish, the funicle 
five-jointed, the antenne with three ring joints so minute as to be 
distinguishable only under very high power; head slightly wider than 
thorax; prothorax anteriorly carinate, not rounded; parapsidal 
crooves very distinct; metathorax with a very distinct neck, between 
the lateral folds punctured; laterad of the lateral folds smooth; the 
spiracles long oval; anterior part of mesopleure punctured, the pos- 
terior part smooth and shiny; wings hyaline; the stigmal vein about 
as long as the marginal, the postmarginal longer; legs entirely tes- 
taceous; petiole slightly shorter than the hind coxw; abdomen smooth, 
polished. 

Male.—Length 1.5 mm. Similar to the female, the last ring joint 
large, the sculpture of the head and thorax stronger. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12907, U.S.N.M. 





Family ELASMID.‘. 
ELASMUS ALBOPICTUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 2.5 mm. Yellow with an orange tinge, the face 
below, tegule and legs, ivory white; head and thorax closely clothed 
with short black hairs, except on scutellum and postscutellum; 
antenne brown, scape and pedicel yellow; ocellar area together with 
a median stripe running backward on rear of head, a triangular spot 
on upper posterior orbits connected with the median stripes, axille, 
scutellum except sides and rear, median and lateral spots on meta- 
thorax, a spot on mesopleure, and a spot on each side of first abdomi- 
nalsegment, black; apical part of scutellum and base of postscutellum, 
yellow; hind coxe with a green spot above; bristles of legs black, 
those on rear of posterior tibiae arranged in diamond shaped figures; 
abdomen with a few black bristles. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) One specimen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12908, U.S.N.M. 


eee 


NO. 1733. NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA—CRAWFORD. i350 


Family KEULOPHIDZ. 
Subfamily KULOPHIN &. 


SYMPIESIS RUGITHORAX, new species. 


Female.—Length 2 mm. Head and thorax dark green, abdomen 
at base blue, the apex black, the disk yellow; antenne brown, the 
scape at base whitish; face smooth shiny; in front of ocelli reticulate; 
thorax strongly rugoso-punctate, the axille smooth; metathorax 
strongly rugose, with a median carina and on each side a lateral one 
running out onto-the neck of the metathorax; mesopleure almost en- 
tirely smooth; wings slightly dusky; legs white; venter testaceous. 

Manila, P. I. (R. E. Brown, collector.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 12909, U.S.N.M. 





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f ‘ i) 4 





NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM CAMERON, 
LOUISIANA. 


By Frank WALTER Weymouth, 
Of Stanford University, California. 


The collection upon which the following list is based was made 
for the Gulf Biologie Station, chiefly by Mr. Milo H. Spaulding during 
1906. The station is located at Cameron, Louisiana, on the outlet of 
Calcasieu Lake, about 35 miles east of the Texas-Louisiana boundary, 
and most of the collecting was done in the vicinity, one of the chief 
localities being Calcasieu Pass, the mouth of the outlet upon which 
Cameron is situated. A few of the specimens were obtained at the 
Chandeleur Islands, nearly 40 miles northeast of the mouth of the 
Mississippi River and about 300 miles east of Calcasieu Pass, but 
unfortunately the labeling of the collection when it reached the 
writer’s hands was so confused as to render impossible the exact 
recording of localities. 

The most striking feature of the collection is a new species of the 
Cerdalide, the remaining members of which are known only from 
the Pacific coast of Central America. For this form it has been 
found necessary to erect a new genus, Leptocerdale, and the type- 
species 1s here described as Leptocerdale longipinnis. 

The specimens are in a great part immature, a fact which has ren- 
dered identification in many cases very difficult. The extensive 
collections of Stanford University have been of great assistance in 
this difficulty, but even with the series at hand some of the young 
could not be identified. 

The writer wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Prof. E. C, 
Starks, under whose direction the present work was done, and to 
Dr. Charles H. Gilbert and President David Starr Jordan for many 
helpful suggestions, 


Family DASYATID. 
1. PTEROPLATEA MACLURA (Le Sueur). 


Represented in the collection by a single young specimen (total 
length, 190 mm.) which shows instead of the four distinct cross bands 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 38.—No. 1734. 


136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


on the tail mentioned in Jordan and Evermann’s description @ only 
two with indications of a third basal band, which, however, fades into 
a dotted pattern like that of the disk. No caudal spine is present. 


Family MYRID. 
2. MYROPHIS PUNCTATUS Liitken. 
Six specimens of this species are in the collection. 
Family ELOPIDAC 
3. ELOPS SAURUS Linnzus. 
This widely distributed species is represented by one young 
specimen. 
Family DOROSOMIDE. 
4. DOROSOMA CEPEDIANUM (Le Sueur). 
The two specimens in the collection would agree with the Gulf 
subspecies exile, if this is recognized, in the depth of the body, meas- 
uring 3 and 2}, respectively. 


5. DOROSOMA MEXICANUM (Giinther). 


Represented by five specimens, which show the following varia- 
| 2 ) e 


92 


tions: The anal rays number from 23 to 26 and the scutes behind 
the ventrals are more often 10 than 9 as given for the type. 
Family CLUPEID. 
6. CLUPANODON PSEUDOHISPANICUS (Poey). 
One specimen. 
7. BREVOORTIA TYRANNUS PATRONUS Goode. 

Represented in the collection by ten adults and a considerable 
number of young, the latter rather doubtfully referred to this species. 
family ENGRAULID. 

8. ANCHOVIA BROWNII (Gmelin). 
Represented by four young specimens. 
9. ANCHOVIA MITCHILLI (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 


Represented by several specimens, some young, corresponding 
closely with specimens in the university collection and with Jordan 
and Evermann’s description,’ but differing from the latter in fol- 
lowing points: The head in specimens 38 inches long is smaller, 4 to 
4}, instead of 34, the depth usually greater, 3} to 4, instead of 4, 
and the eye smaller, 34 instead of 3. 


4 Bull. 47,°U. 8S. Nat. Mus., p. 87. 6 Idem, p. 446. 


No. 1734. FISHES FROM LOUISIANA—WRYMOUTH. 137 


Family SYNODONTIDE. 
10. SYNODUS FCTENS (Linnzus). 
There is in the collection one young specimen apparently of this 


species. 
Family PQQCILIID. 
11, FUNDULUS SIMILIS (Baird and Girard). 
Two specimens were placed in this species. They might possibly 
fall in the closely allied /’. majalis, but the vertical scale count of 11 
instead of 13 does not favor this. 


12. FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS (Linnzus). 


This species is represented by a number of specimens. From the 
range these might be the subspecies /. heteroclitus grandis," but they 
show no sharply marked differences from the typical forms. 


13. CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS Lacépéde. 
This species is represented by six specimens. 
14. MOLLIENISIA LATIPINNA Le Sueur. 


There are three specimens in the collection belonging to this 
species. 
Family ESOCID. 
15. TYLOSURUS MARINUS (Walbaum). 
There is one immature specimen in the collection apparently 
belonging to this species. 
Family SYNGNATHID. 
16. SYNGNATHUS FLORIDA (Jordan and Gilbert). 
This species is represented by one specimen. 
17. SYNGNATHUS SCOVELLI (Evermann and Kendall). 
Represented in the collection by five specimens. 
18. SYNGNATHUS LOUISIANZ Giinther. 
Represented by one adult and several young. 
19. SYNGNATHUS CRINIGERUM (Bean and Dresel). 
This species is represented by numerous specimens. 
20. HIPPOCAMPUS ZOSTERZ Jordan and Gilbert. 
This diminutive sea horse, reported by Jordan and Evermann ° 
only from the type locality, Pensacola Bay, is represented by five 
specimens. 


a Jordan and Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. Nat. Mus., p. 641. 
6 Idem, p. 778. 


138 PROCREDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor. 38. 


‘amily ATHERINIDE. 
21. KIRTLANDIA VAGRANS (Goode and Bean). 


There are in the collection seven specimens agreeing well with this 
species but apparently not sharply separated from the northern 
subspecies, laciniata. 


Family MUGILID. 
22. MUGIL CEPHALUS Linneus. 


There are four adults of this species in the collection. 


Family POLYNEMIDL. 
23. POLYDACTYLUS OCTONEMUS (Girard). 


Represented in the collection by six specimens. 


: Family TRICHIURID. 
24. TRICHIURUS LEPTURUS Linneus. 


This species is represented by two specimens. 


‘amily CARANGID AL. 
25. OLIGOPLITES SAURUS (Bloch and Schneider). 
Represented by four immature specimens. 
26. CARANX HIPPOS (Linnzus). 
This widely distributed species is represented by a single specimen. 
27. CARANX LATUS Agassiz. 


Represented by four young specimens showing five or six vertical 
stripes. 
28. VOMER SETIPINNIS (Mitchill). 


This species is represented by three immature specimens. 
29. CHLOROSCOMBRUS CHRYSURUS (Linnzus). 
Represented by two young. 
30. TRACHINOTUS CAROLINUS (Linnzus). 


This species is represented by two immature specimens. 


Family POMATOMIDQA1%. 
31. POMATOMUS SALTATRIX (Linnzus). 


Represented by three young specimens. 


a 


No. 1734. FISHES FROM LOUISIANA—WEYMOUTITI. 139 


Family STROMATEID. 
32. RHOMBUS PARU (Linnzus). 


This species is represented by six small specimens. 


Family LOBOTID. 
33. LOBOTES SURINAMENSIS (Bloch). 


Represented by a single immature specimen. 


Family SPARID. 
34. LAGODON RHOMBOIDES (Linneus). 


There are two specimens of this species in the collection. 


Family SCLANIDE. 
35. BAIRDIELLA CHRYSURA (Lacépéde). 
This common species is represented by two specimens. 
36. STELLIFER LANCEOLATUS (Holbrook). 

There are in the collection six specimens agreeing well with Jordan 
and Evermann’s description ® of this species except that the scale 
count is 43 to 44 instead of 47 to 50. 

37. LEIOSTOMUS XANTHURUS Lacépéde. 

Represented by fifteen immature specimens. 

38. MICROPOGON UNDULATUS (Linneus). 


There are in the collection a considerable number of very immature 
specimens apparently agreeing with this species in barbels and fin-ray 
count. 

39. MENTICIRRUS SAXATILIS (Bloch and Schneider). 

There are three young specimens doubtfully placed here and possi- 
bly belonging either to M. americanus or M. littoralis. They appear, 
however, to have larger teeth than Uittoralis, and to display the color- 
ation of sazatilis (stripes, dark tip to spinous dorsal and to anal) 
rather than of americanus. 


Family MONACANTHID. 
40. MONACANTHUS CILIATUS (Mitchill). 
Represented by a single young Specimen. 
41. MONACANTHUS HISPIDUS (Linneus). 


A single young specimen of this species. 
oD e oD 





4 Bull. 47, U. 8. Nat. Mus., p. 1443. 


140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





42. ALUTERA PUNCTATA Agassiz. 
Represented by two young specimens. ‘These might possibly fall 
in A. schoepfii, but the presence of minute spots, unless an immature 
character, favor punctata. 
family TETRAODONTID. 
43. SPHEROIDES TESTUDINEUS (Linneus). 
This species is represented by two immature specimens. 
Family TRIGLID. 
44, PRIONOTUS PUNCTATUS (Bloch). 


Represented by one young specimen. This record is a material 
increase of range, for, although reported from the West Indies 
(Jamaica) and the Caribbean Sea, it has not before been taken on 
the coasts of the United States. 


45. PRIONOTUS TRIBULUS (Cuvier). 
This species is represented by two immature specimens. 
Family GOBITD. 
46. CTENO GOBIUS BOLEOSOMA (Jordan and Gilbert). 


There are in the collection several young specimens probably of 
this species, at least closely agreeing with young in the Stanford 
University collection. Some of the specimens here included may 
belong to @. schufeldti or fasciatus, but in the absence of more material 
for comparison this can not be satisfactorily determined. 


47. GOBIOSOMA MOLESTUM Girard. 

Represented by fifteen specimens, some very young. 
48. GOBIOSOMA BOSCI (Lacépéde). 
Ba es ; 
rhis species is represented by one specimen. 
49. GOBIOIDES BROUSSONNETII Lacépéde. 

Represented by one specimen. 

Family URANOSCOPID. 

50. ASTROSCOPUS Y-GRAECUM (Cuvier and Valenciennes), 

his species is represented by one young specimen. 

51. ASTROSCOPUS GUTTATUS Abbott. 


A single young specimen. This is a considerable increase of range, 
as the southernmost record at hand is Norfolk, Virginia.@ 


4 Bean, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 1879, p. 60. 


No. 1734. FISHES FROM LOUISIANA—WEYMOUTH. 141 


Family BATRACHOIDIDE. 
52. OPSANUS TAU (Linneus). 


Represented by numerous specimens. 


Family GOBIESOCIDE. 
53. GOBIESOX VIRGATULUS Jordan and Gilbert. 


This species is represented by two specimens. 


family BLENNIIDA. 
54. HYPLEUROCHILUS GEMINATUS (Wood). 


This species is represented by two specimens, a male (mu/tifilis) 
with a supraorbital cirrus equal in length to twice the diameter of 
the eye, and the anal II, 17 instead of II, 18, and a female (gemi- 
natus) with a supraorbital cirrus shorter than the eye, and 16 rays 
in the anal, which is apparently without spines. 


55. HYPSOBLENNIUS IONTHAS (Jordan and Gilbert). 


There are three specimens of this species in the collection, two 
males and a female. The males have the long supraorbital cirrus 
and otherwise correspond very closely to Jordan and Evermann’s 
description®, but have D. XII, 14, A. IT, 14 and 16 instead of D. 
XII, 14 or 15, A. I, 15 or 16. The female does not agree so closely, 
having no evident cirrus, while the dorsal is XII, 14 and the anal I 
15 (possibly II, 14) instead of D. XII, 13 or 14, A. II, 13 or 14. 


56. HYPSOBLENNIUS HENTZ (Le Sueur). 


There are two specimens of this species in the collection. The 
male, which corresponds very closely to the description given by 
Jordan and Evermann’, having the dorsal XII, 14 and the anal 
II, 15 instead of D. XII, 15, A. 18, is quite evidently Wood’s Blennius 
punctatus,? as he mentions the bifurcated orbital cirrus. The female 
agrees with Le Sueur’s original description of Blennius hentz, where 
the cirrus is spoken of as short and presumably simple and the fin ray 
formula given as D. XI, 14, A. 16, which is nearer that of the female 
at hand (D. XIJ,14, A. I?,15) than that of the male. In other 
words, the discrepancies between the two descriptions given by 
Jordan and Evermann are the differences between the male and 
female, analogous to those found in //ypsoblennius ionthas, the descrip- 
tion in the text and that given by Wood referring to the male, and 
that of Le Sueur referring to the female. 





a Jordan and Evermann, Bull. 47, U. 8. Nat. Mus., p. 2385. 
bIdem, p. 2388. 

¢ Idem, p. 2390. 

dJourn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 4, 1825, p. 279. 


142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





57. CHASMODES SABURR£Z: Jordan and Gilbert. 


Represented by nine specimens. The males show the modification 
of the two anterior anal spines mentioned by Jordan and Evermann. 


58. CHASMODES BOSQUIANUS (Lacépéde). 


This species is represented by one specimen. 
Family CERDALID. 
LEPTOCERDALE, new genus. 


Body extremely elongate, with small non-imbricate rudimentary 
scales; head small; snout short and obtuse; lower jaw obtuse, much 
projecting; mouth markedly oblique; teeth minute, found only in 
jaws; eye very small; gill slit moderately narrow, more nearly ver- 
tical than horizontal; vertical fins joined to caudal; pectorals mod- 
erate; ventrals small, of one minute spine and three rays; vent 
normal, a trifle anterior to the middle of the body. 






LPLA IIS BLS 
ADL AP Pa AAPA A 


Fic. 1.—LEPTOCERDALE LONGIPINNIS. 





This genus is separated from Cerdale and Microdesmus, the other 
genera of the Cerdalidx, chiefly by its much more elongate form and 
the larger size of the gill slits. Im Cerdale (C. ionthas) the gill slit is 
shorter than the base of the pectoral and runs very nearly horizon- 
tally forward from the lower edge of the base of the pectoral; in 
Microdesmus (M. retropinnis) the gill slit is about as long as the base 
of the pectoral and runs obliquely forward and downward from the 
middle of the pectoral base, while in the present genus the gill slit is 
wider than the base of the pectoral and runs from near its upper edge 
downward and slightly forward. The depth in Cerdale is 10} and in 
Microdesmus 153 (M. retropinnis) and 18 (M. dipus) while in the 
present genus is much more slender than either, the depth varying 
from 24 to 33. 


Type of the genus.—Leptocerdale longipinnis. 
59. LEPTOCERDALE LONGIPINNIS, new species. 


Head 15 in body length (tip of snout to base of caudal), depth 30 
in length, D. 68, A. 42, P. 14, V. I, 3. 

Body greatly elongate, compressed, and tapering but slightly. 
Vertebre (determined from one of the cotypes) 62 and the hypural 


No. 1734. FISHES FROM LOUISIANA—WEY MOUTH. 14:3 





plate, of which 29 are anterior to the vent. Head small, blunt; 
mouth moderately small, markedly oblique; lower jaw markedly 
projecting and blunt, gape not reaching vertical from front of orbit; 
teeth (determined from one of the cotypes) only in jaws, minute, 
acute, arranged both above and below in two rows which, however, 
are approximated and tend to pass into one at the extreme posterior 
end. Nostril double, anterior opening at tip of upper jaw, posterior 
at anterior edge of orbit. The cheeks are provided with rows of 
extremely minute pores having a definite arrangement. There are 
three principal vertical rows dividing the space between the angle of 
the mouth and the tip of opercle into four approximately equal spaces. 
The most posterior of these is deflected forward below and joins the 





Fig. 2.—HEAD OF LEPTOCERDALE LONGIPINNIS. 


next anterior near its lower end. In addition there are three much 
shorter vertical lines running downward from near the eye and just 
failing to join a rather longer horizontal line lying at the level of the 
gape. No pores were noticed in other parts of the head. The other 
available members of the family (Cerdale ionthas and Microdesmus 
retropynnis) were examined in this connection and found to exhibit 
similar pores, but rather less conspicuous and differing in arrange- 
ment. Gill slit wider than attachment of pectoral (4 in head), run- 
ning from near the upper margin of base of pectoral downward and 
slightly forward, somewhat curved. 

The vertical fins are connected with the caudal. The distance 
from the head to the origin of dorsal is contained about twice in head. 
The dorsal is composed of 21 slender flexible spines and 47 branched 


144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





articulate rays, separable, however, only under a lens. Origin of 
anal slightly nearer tip of snout than base of caudal. Anal composed 
entirely of branched articulate rays. Caudal well developed, broadly 
rounded (in some of the cotypes showing a tendency to become more 
or less pointed). Pectorals well developed, rounded; ventral small, 
inserted close together about under insertion of pectoral, of three dis- 
tinct rays, the inner much the longer, and a minute spine. The spine 
is difficult to distinguish in some of the specimens at hand, but is 
plainly present in a number, thus agreeing in this feature with the 
other members of the family as determined by Gilbert and Starks. @ 

Scales small, round, nonimbricate, and widely separated; extend- 
ing, somewhat reduced in size, over the entire head. The scales are 
almost entirely missing in the type, the point of attachment being 
marked by a small depression, but are present in several of the 
cotypes. 

Color in life unknown; no markings present in the type, but in 
part of the other specimens, due apparently to difference in preser- 
vation, there remain exceedingly minute dark fleckings along the dor- 
sal surface, extending im some cases over a considerable portion 
of the dorsal fin. 

Type.—Cat. No. 64157, U.S.N.M., 210 mm. long. This together 
with the cotypes were taken with a jack-light at night, a fact which 
may explain why they have not been previously obtained. 

The cotypes, 11 in number, show some variations not noted in 
the foregoing description. The following table will exhibit the chief 
of these. 








| 
Head in| Depth | ‘ ; 
total | in total | oe Anal 
length.| length.| TYS- TAyS- 
} ! 
16} | 25 67 42 
164 265 70 43 
174 334 71 45 
7 27} 69 43 
14 29 68 41 
144 27 Tl 5 AB 
143 28 70 42 
16 284 70. |. 45 
14 244 66 42 
| 14 264 68 43 
14 27 67 42 





Part of the cotypes are deposited in the Stanford University col- 
lection, part in the U. S. National Museum. 
Family PLEURONECTID. 
60. ETROPUS CROSSOTUS Jordan and Gilbert. 


There are five specimens apparently belonging to this species, 
though the interorbital space is distinctly scaly while it is said to be 
bare in the generic description of Etropus. 





2 Wishes of Panama, p. 196. 


no. 1734. FISHES FROM LOUISIANA—WEYMOUTH. 145 


Family SOLEID. 
61. ACHIRUS FASCIATUS Lacépéde. 
Represented by three specimens. 
62. SYMPHURUS PLAGIUSA (Linneus). 


There are twelve specimens of various sizes which by the number 
of dorsal fin rays (about 90) appear to belong to this species rather 
than the closely allied S. pusillus, said to have D. 78. 


Family ANTENNARIID. 
63. PTEROPHRYNE GIBBA (Mitchill). 


The single specimen of this genus appears to belong to this species, 
the bait being bulbous rather than bifurcate. From specimens 
available for comparison, however, this character shows a consid- 
erable variation, and as this is the chief specific distinction, the 
form may prove not to be separable from P. histrio (Linnzus). 


Proc.N.M.vol.d8s—10——10 


aes 


t 
t 
- 
4 








REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF BIRDS MADE BY PIERRE 
LOUIS JOUY IN KOREA. 


By Austin I. Ciark, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U. S. National Museum. 


The late Mr. Pierre Louis Jouv, during a residence of over three 
years In Korea within the period from 1881 to 1886, brought together 
a magnificent collection of the birds of that country, his specimens, 
five hundred and fifty-four in number, having been taken mainly at 
Fusan, Chemulpo, and Seoul, though a few are from Gensan. He also 
visited the island of Tsushima in the Korean Straits, and obtained a 
very interesting series of the birds of that locality. This collection, 
much the most important ever made in Korea, has never been reported 
upon. Mr. Jouy was engaged in work upon it at the time of his death, 
and subsequently Dr. Leonhard Stejneger made use of some of the 
material in his studies on the avifauna of Japan. Although he pub- 
lished comparatively little upon it, he went over the collection care- 
fully and identified most of the species. It was suggested that, as 
I had spent considerable time in the vicinity of the Korean coast, an 
account of Mr. Jouy’s specimens could appropriately be prepared 
along with the account of my own observations, and I therefore spent 
considerable time in the study of his material. This was, in the 
main, chiefly a review of the work already done by Mr. Jouy and 
Doctor Stejneger, and a confirmation of the results already attained 
by them. 

A preliminary notice of the new forms which I detected among the 
material studied was published in these Proceedings, vol. 32, pp. 467- 
475. 

While this preliminary notice was in press a paper appeared 
written by that eminent authority on Asiatic birds, Mr. Sergius <A. 
Buturlin, of Wesenberg, Esthonia, in which certain of my new forms 
were anticipated. Mr. Buturlin has had the kindness to assist me in 
straightening out the matter, and he has recently published a note 
by which the confusion caused has been dispelled. I entirely agree 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VOL, 38.—No. 1735. 
147 


148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


with Mr. Buturlin in his conclusions, which are reviewed in detail in 
the discussion of the birds involved, species of the genus Dendro- 
dromas. 

Owing to the press of work connected with animals other than 
birds, I have been unable to devote as much time to the preparation 
of this paper as the importance of the collection merited; but I have 
thought it better to present it in its present form than to retain it 
longer in the hope of perfecting it, for it is advisable, in justice to 
Mr. Jouy, that the sum of the results of his labors in Korea be given 
to the world as soon as possible, before the somewhat large number 
of birds, first actually obtained in that country by him, but first 
recorded by others, is further increased. 

In addition to Mr. Jouy’s birds I have included notices of some 
interesting specimens obtained in southwestern Korea by Dr. William 
Lord Smith, of Boston, during November and December, 1902, and 
January, 1903. Doctor Smith started from Mak-Po (in about lat. 
35° N.) and went down the west coast, partly by junk and partly on 
foot, to the end of the peninsula. He was the first to make collec- 
tions in this part of the country. 

The classification herein followed is that of the American Orni- 
thologists’ Union check list, which has been adopted so that com- 
parison between this paper and my report on the birds collected and 
observed during the cruise of the U.S. Fisheries steamer Albatross 
may be facilitated. 


Order PY.GOPODES: 
Suborder PODICIPEDES. 
Family PODICIPID. 
COLYMBUS NIGRICOLLIS (Brehm). 
EARED GREBE. 

There are three specimens of this species in Mr. Jouy’s collection, 
two males from Fusan, taken on December 7, 1884, and on Decem- 
ber 10, 1883, and one example in winter plumage, unsexed, and with 
no locality given but ‘‘ Korea.” 

Suborder CEPPHI. 
Family GAVIID. 
GAVIA STELLATA (Pontoppidan). 


RED-THROATED LOON. 


There are in Mr. Jouy’s collection two males from Fusan, obtained 
on March 8, 1885, 


NO. 1735. BIRDS FROM KORBFA—CLARK. 149 


Family ALCID. 
Subfamily AXTHIIN ©. 


SYNTHLIBORAMPHUS WUMIZUSUME (Temminck). 
JAPANESE MURRELET. 


There are two males of this interesting species in Mr. Jouy’s col- 
lection from Fusan, taken on April 20, 1884. 


Order LiONGIPENN ES. 
Family LARID. 
Subfamily LARIN &®. 


LARUS CRASSIROSTRIS Viellot. 
JAPANESE BAND-TAILED GULL. 


There is an immature specimen of this species in the collection 
labeled ‘‘Fusan” with no further data. 
Subfamily SPERNIN AS. 


STERNA SINENSIS Gmelin. 
ORIENTAL LESSER TERN. 


There is an adult male in Mr. Jouy’s collection, taken on the Salu 


r,s) 


River, at Seoul, on June 25, 1883. 


Order TUBINARES. 
family DIOMEDEIDA. 


Subfamily DIOMHDHIN 4. 


DIOMEDEA ALBATRUS Pallas. 
SHORT-TAILED ALBATROSS. 


In the Korean collection there is a specimen without data in regard 
to sex and exact locality. Mr. Jouy obtained another, a male, at 
Tsushima, in the Korean Straits, on June 2, 1885. 

Subfamily PUFFININ 4“. 
PUFFINUS LEUCOMELAS Temminck. 
TEMMINCK’S SHEARWATER. 


Mr. Jouy obtained a male of this species at Fusan, on May 18, 1884, 


Order STEGANOPODES. 
Family PHALACROCORACID. 
PHALACROCORAX FILAMENTOSUS Temminck and Schlegel. 
TEMMINCK’S CORMORANT. 


There are two specimens of this bird, both males in juvenile plum- 
age, in the Korean collection, one taken at Seoul in July, and the 
other at Chemulpo in August. 


150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Order ANSERES. 
Family ANATIDZ. 


Subfamily ANATIN A. 
ANAS ZONORHYNCHA Swinhoe. 
DUSKY MALLARD. 

There is a specimen of this duck in the National Museum collection 
which was taken in southwestern Korea by Dr. William Lord Smith. 
NETTION CRECCA (Linneus). 

TEAL. 

There is in Mr. Jouy’s collection a male of this species from Fusan, 
taken on January 23, 1SS86. 

NETTION FORMOSUM (Georgi). 
SPECTACLED TEAL. 

Mr. Jouy’s Korean collection contains a male from Fusan, taken on 
January 24, 1886, and a female from the same locality, taken on the 
18th of the same month. 

EUNETTA FALCATA (Georgi). 
FALCATED TEAL. 

In the collection made by Mr. Jouy there are three males of this 
beautiful species, one taken on the Naktung River, at Fusan, on De- 
cember 10, 1884, the others labeled ‘‘ Korea,” with no further par- 


ticulars. 
CASARCA FERRUGINEA (Pallas). 


RUDDY SHELDRAEE. 

There are two of these ducks from Korea in the National Museum 
collection, one, an adult female, collected by Mr. Jouy, without any 
particulars as to capture, the other, unsexed, taken by Dr. W. L. 
Smith in the southwestern part of the country. 

Subfamily FULIGULIN 4. 
CLANGULA CLANGULA CLANGULA (Linneus). 
GOLDEN-EYE. 

Mr. Jouy obtained a young male of this species at Fusan on De- 
cember 8, 1883. 

HISTRIONICUS HISTRIONICUS (Linnezus). 
HARLEQUIN DUCK. 

Two adult males were secured by Mr. Jouy, one in Fusan Bay on 
March 14, 1886, the other at Deer Island, near Fusan, on December 
14, 1884. 


-1 
oo 
t 


no. 1 


: BIRDS FROM KORBPA—CLARK. 151 


Subfamily ANSHRIN 2. 


ANSER ALBIFRONS GAMBELLI (Hartlaub). 
AMERICAN WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE. 

Mr. Jouy’s collection contains four specimens of this subspecies, 
two males collected at Fusan on March 13, 1885, and a third male, 
taken by Mr. Jouy between Seoul and Fusan on November 12, 1883. 
There is another Korean specimen in the National Museum collection, 
unsexed and undated, collected in the southwestern part of the 
country by Dr. W. L. Smith. All three are typical examples of the 
race. 

Specimens of White-fronted Geese from Shanghai in the National 
Museum collection, however, are unmistakably A. albifrons albifrons. 
OLOR CYGNUS (Linnzus). 

WHOOPER SWAN. 


There is a specimen of this bird from southwestern Korea in the 
National Museum collection, which was taken by Dr. W. L. Smith. 


Order Fr RO DION ES, 
Suborder IBIDES. 
Family IBIDID/A. 
NIPPONIA NIPPON (Temminck). 
JAPANESE CRESTED IBIS. TOKI. 
There is an adult male of this species in the collection taken by 
Mr. Jouy on December 17, 1883, at Fusan. 

Family PLATALEIDA. 
PLATALEA MINOR Temminck and Schlegel. 
SWINHOE'S BLACK-FACED SPOONBILL. 


The collection includes a young male of this species taken at Fusan 
on December 7, 1884. 
Suborder CICONLE. 
Family CICONITD/. 
Subfamily CICONIIN A“. 
CICONIA BOYCIANA Swinhoe. 
JAPANESE STORK. KO-DZURU. 
Mr. Jouy’s collection contains two adult males of this species col- 


lected on December 3 and 15, 1883, at Fusan, and a female taken at 
the same place on December 21 of the same year. 


152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Suborder HERODIL. 
Family ARDEIDA. 
Subfamily ARDHIN AX. 
ARDEA CINEREA JOUYI Clark. 


ORIENTAL GRAY HERON. AWO-SAGI. 


Ardea cinerea jouyi A. H. CLarKk, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, p. 468 
(Seoul, Korea). 

Mr. Jouy collected three specimens of this form at Seoul on July 4, 
1883, an adult male, an adult female, and a young male. These were 
compared with a good series from eastern and central China and from 
Japan, and found to be the same. 


HERODIAS EULOPHOTES Swinhoe. 
A male of this species was secured at Fusan, Korea, on April 25, 
1886, by Mr. Jouy. 
DEMIEGRETTA RINGERI Stejneger. 
RINGER’S REEF HERON. KURO-SAGI. 


There are two males and four females of this species in Mr. Jouy’s 
collection, taken at Tsushima on May 26, 1885. 


Order PALUDICOL. 
Suborder GRUES. 
‘amily GRUIDA. 


GRUS MONACRHUS Temminck. 
WHITE-HEADED CRANE. 


There are two males of this species in Mr. Jouy’s collection taken at 
Fusan on December 11, 1883. In these specimens the head is entirely 
feathered, the fore part of the head being chiefly white with occasional 
black feathers, and the hind neck and nape washed with rufous. 


PSEUDOGERANUS LEUCAUCHEN (Temminck). 
WHITE-NAPED CRANE. 


A female taken by Mr. Jouy at Fusan on December 6, 1883, has the 
head entirely feathered, gray (including the throat) suffused with 
rusty, especially on the crown, where the feathers are rusty with 
gray tips, becoming clear rusty on the hind neck; lower down there 
is a sprinkling of white feathers, becoming more frequent until on 
the lower neck the color is white with occasional rusty spots. Mr. 
Jouy also obtained a male of this species at Fusan on January 8, 1884, 
and a third specimen with which there are no data. 


735. BIRDS FROM KORBEA—CLARK. 153 


Suborder RALLI. 
Family RALLID/. 
GALLICREX CINEREUS (Gmelin). 
WATER-COCK. 
Mr. Jouy collected an adult male of this species at Fusan on June 
28, 1885. , 
Order LIMICOLA. 
Family SCOLOPACID. 
SCOLOPAX RUSTICOLA Linneus. 
WOODCOCK. 
In the collection from Korea there is a pair of wings from a speci- 
men of this species obtained by Mr. Jouy, with no data attached. 
GALLINAGO GALLINAGO UNICLAVUS Hodgson. 
EASTERN SNIPE. KULIK. 
There are two females of this species in Mr. Jouy’s Korean collection, 
both from Seoul, taken on September 28, 1883. 
GALLINAGO SOLITARIA Hodgson. 
JAPANESE SOLITARY SNIPE. 


The Korean collection includes a female of this bird taken at Fusan 
on November 18, 1884. 


GALLINAGO MEGALA Swinhoe. 
SWINHOE’S SNIPE. 


A male from Seoul shot on August 24, 1883, is in Mr. Jouy’s 
collection. 
GALLINAGO STENURA (Bonaparte). 
PINTAIL SNIPE. 


Among Mr. Jouy’s birds are two males of this species, one taken at 
Seoul on September 23, 1883, and one at Chemulpo on September 8, 
1883, and a female taken in August at Seoul. 


PELIDNA ALPINA SAKHALINA (Vieillot). 


RED-BACKED SANDPIPER. 


Mr. Jouy’s collection includes five birds of this subspecies, a male 
from Chemulpo taken on May 28, 1883, two males from Seoul taken 
on October 7, 1883, a female from Seoul taken on the same date, and 
a female from the Naktung River at Fusan, taken October 26, 1884. 


154 PROCEEDINGS OF THH NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 38. 


LIMOSA LAPPONICA BAUERI (Naumann). 
PACIFIC GODWIT. 

In the collection are a pair of these birds from the Naktung River 
at Fusan, taken on October 25 and November 8, 1885, and two males 
and a female from Chemulpo taken on September 6, 1883. There is 
also another specimen without data. 


TOTANUS NEBULARIUS GLOTTOIDES (Vigors). 
EASTERN GREEN-SHANK. 
This species is represented in the collection by a pair from Chemulpo 
Y vy p 
taken on September 6 and 20, 1883. 
HELODROMAS OCHROPUS (Linnzus). 
GREEN SANDPIPER. 


A pair from Seoul secured on October 7, 1883, is in Mr. Jouy’s 


collection. 
HETERACTITIS BREVIPES (Vieillot). 


ORIENTAL TATLER. 


The collection includes a pair of this species from Tsushima taken 
on May 29, 1885, and a female from Fusan taken on May 9, 1886. 


ACTITIS HYPOLEUCOS (Linnezus). 
COMMON SANDPIPER. 


In Mr. Jouy’s collection there is a male of this species collected on 
September 4, 1883. 
NUMENIUS ARQUATUS LINEATUS (Cuvier). 


ORIENTAL CURLEW. 


A male secured at Chemulpo on September 4, 1883, and two 
females from the Naktung River at Fusan, taken on November 2, 
1884, are in the collection. 


NUMENIUS CYANOPUS Vieillot. 
AUSTRALIAN CURLEW. 
Mr. Jouy secured two males of this species at Chemulpo, Korea, on 
September 8 and 11, 1883. 

| ; 

Family CHARADRITDE. 

CHARADRIUS DOMINICUS FULVUS (Gmelin). 
PACIFIC GOLDEN PLOVER. 


This species is represented in the collection by a female taken at 
Seoul on September 23, 1883. 


-| 
wt) 
' 


No. 1 


: BIRDS FROM KORFA—CLARK. 155 


AEGIALITIS DUBIA (Scopoli). 
LITTLE RING PLOVER. 

There are in Mr. Jouy’s collection three males of this species from 
Seoul, taken on June 25, 1883 and on September 18, 1883, a female 
from Gensan obtained on July 25, 1883, and two females from Seoul, 
one collected on June 25 and the other on September 18, 1883; there 
are also two females from Fusan, taken on December 25, 1884, and 
two specimens without data. 

AGIALITIS PLACIDA Gray. 
HODGSON'S RINGED PLOVER. 
A male taken at Seoul October 7, 1883, represents this species in 


the collection. 
ZEGIALITIS MONGOLA (Pallas). 


MONGOLIAN PLOVER. 


There is an unsexed and undated bird of this species from Gensan 
among Mr. Jouy’s Korean skins. 


Family HAMATOPODID. 
HMATOPUS OSCULANS Swinhoe. 
JAPANESE OYSTERCATCHER. PETUSCHOK TACHAICAN. 


The collection contains a pair of these birds from Chemulpo col- 
lected on September 6, 1883, and a female from the Naktung River, 
near Fusan, taken on November 8, 1885. 


Family LOBIVANELLID. 
MICROSARCOPS CINEREUS (Blyth). 
GRAY-HEADED WATTLED LAPWING. 


There is a male of this species, taken at Fusan, on the Naktung 
River, April 19, 1884, in Mr. Jouy’s collection. 


Order GALLIN @. 
Suborder PHASIANI. 

Family PHASIANIDE. 
Subfamily PHASIANIN A. 
PHASIANUS KARPOWI KARPOWI Buturlin. 
KOREAN PHEASANT. 

The National Museum collection contains twelve specimens of this 
fine pheasant, three males from Fusan, taken by Mr. Jouy on Janu- 
ary 12, 1885, and on December 5, 1883; one female from Fusan, taken 
on November 22, 1885; and eight males from southwestern Korea, 
taken by Doctor Smith. 


156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. 38, 





PHASIANUS KARPOWI BUTURLINI Clark. 
TSUSHIMA PHEASANT. 


Phasianus karpowi buturlini A. H. Cuark, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, p. 468. 
There is a male of this subspecies, the type, in the National Mu- 
seum collection, which was taken by Mr. Jouy on Tsushima on May 


21, 1885. 
Subfamily COTURNICINE. 


COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICUS (Temminck and Schlegel). 
JAPANESE QUAIL. 


Mr. Jouy’s collection contains two males of this form, one taken 
at Fusan November 21, 1885, and the other 40 miles from Seoul, 
November 11, 1883. 

family OTID. 
OTIS DYBOWSKII Taczanowski. 
EASTERN GREAT BUSTARD. 

The Korean collection contains three adult females of this species 
from Fusan, taken on December 16 and 24, 1883, and on January 6, 
1884; an adult male taken on January 10, 1884, at the same place; 
and a fifth specimen from Fusan, the sex and date being unrecorded. 


Order COLUMB. 
Family COLUMBID. 


COLUMBA TACZANOWSKII Stejneger. 
TACZANOWSEI'S PIGEON. 

The type of this species, an adult male, taken in southern Korea 

November 22, 1882, is in Mr. Jouy’s collection. 
TURTUR GELASTIS (Temminck). 
EASTERN TURTLE DOVE. KIJI-BATO. 

There are five specimens of this dove in the collection, three males 
and two females, taken at Seoul on June 14 and 15, and on August 6 
and 26, 1883. 

TURTUR DECAOCTA TORQUATUS (Bogdanow). 
RINGED TURTLE DOVE. SHIRAKO-BATO. DZUDZUKAKEBATO. 

The collection contains three males of this species, taken on June 
17, 1883, and on September 21 and 23 of the same year. 


Order RAPTORES. 


Suborder VULTURES. 
family VULTURID/A. 
VULTUR MONACHUS Linneus. 
ARABIAN VULTURE. 
Mr. Jouy’s collection contains the tail of a bird of this species 
which was secured in Korea. 


“] 
nw 
oN 


no. 1 BIRDS FROM KOREA—CLARK. 57 


Suborder FALCONES. 
‘amily FALCONID. 


Subfamily BU'THONIN 1. 
MILVUS ATER MELANOTIS (Temminck and Schlegel). 
SIBERIAN BLACK KITE. 
In the collection there are six specimens of this common kite, a 
male from Seoul, taken on June 19, 1883, and two males and three 
females from Fusan, taken on April 13 and 30, 1884. 


BUTEO HEMILASIUS Temminck and Schlegel. 
SIBERIAN BUZZARD. 

In Mr. Jouy’s collection there are a male of this species taken at 
Fusan January 7, 1884, and two females taken at the same place on 
February 18 and on March 3 of the same year. They agree perfectly 
with specimens from China. 


BUTEO BUTEO JAPONENSIS (Gmelin). 
JAPANESE BUZZARD. 
There is a female of this species in the Korean collection, taken at 
Fusan on February 18, 1884. 
The [Falco] japonensis of Gmelin” is based on the ‘Japanese 
Hawk” of Latham,® the description of which applies to this form, 


CIRCUS CYANEUS (Linnezus). 
HEN HARRIER. 
There are four specimens of this bird in Mr. Jouy’s collection, all 


adult males, taken at Fusan on January 3, 1886, January 30, 1854, 
and on February 2, 1886. 


ACCIPITER NISUS (Linnzus). 


EUROPEAN SPARROW HAWE. 


Mr. Jouy’s collection contains six examples of this species, a male 
and a female taken between Seoul and Fusan on November 17 and 20, 
1883; two males taken at Deer Island, near Fusan, November 30, 
1884; and a male taken at Fusan December 14, 1883. 


TACHYSPIZA SOLOENSIS (Latham). 
SULU FALCON. 


The collection contains a male and two immature females of this 
species, secured at Seoul on August 24 and 26, 1883. 


aSyst. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 257. & Synopsis, vol. 1, pt. 1, 1781, p. 33. 


158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSHUM. VOL. 38. 


HALIAETUS ALBICILLA BROOKSI (Hume). 


EASTERN GRAY SEA EAGLE. 


In the collection there are a young female of this form, taken at 
Fusan in November, 1884, and another specimen without data. 


Family FALCONIDZ. 


FALCO PEREGRINUS ANATUM (Bonaparte). 


DUCK HAWE. 


A female Peregrine Falcon taken by Mr. Jouy at Fusan on August 
28, 1884, appears to be indistinguishable from typical specimens of 
this subspecies. 

FALCO ASSALON INSIGNIS (Clark). 


KOREAN MERLIN. 
salon regulus insignis A. H. CuarK, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, p. 470 
(Fusan, Korea). 
The type of this subspecies, a young male, was obtained by Mr. 
Jouy at Fusan on March 12, 1884. 


FALCO SALON Tunstall. 


MERLIN. 


There is a female unmistakably referable to this form in the col- 
lection, taken by Mr. Jouy at Fusan on November 23, 1884. It 
agrees perfectly with a good series of birds from Yezo. 

[It will be noticed that this is a winter bird, which probably came 
from northern Japan. Although the available material is very 
scanty, I believe that the breeding merlins of Korea will prove to be 
I’. x. insignis, while F. x. japonicus will be found:to be a winter 
visitor, at least to that part of the peninsula about the Korean Straits. 

FALCO TINNUNCULUS PERPALLIDUS (Clark). 
KOREAN KESTREL. 


Cerchneis perpallida A. H. CuarK, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, p. 470 
(Fusan, Korea). 
The collection contains the type of this subspecies, a male, which 
was taken at Fusan on April 6, 1884. 
FALCO TINNUNCULUS Linneus. 


KESTREL. 


A female kestrel taken at Seoul, September 23, 1883, is referable 
to this subspecies. It is very dark in color, agreeing perfectly with 
specimens from Japan. Probably, as in the case of the merlins, the 
breeding kestrels in Korea will be found to belong to the light form 
which I have called perpallidus, while the dark Japanese form occurs 
during the migrations and possibly in winter. 


NO. 1735. BIRDS FROM NOREA—CLARK. I 


qn 
} ¢© 


family PANDIONID.X. 
PANDION HALIAETUS (Linnezus ), subspecies. 


OSPREY. 


There is a male in the National Museum collection taken by My. 
Jouy at Tsushima on May 29, 1885. 


Order STRIGES. 
Family STRIGID.®. 
ASIO OTUS (Linneus). 


EUROPEAN LONG-EARED OWL. 


Mr. Jouy’s collection includes three males of this species, one taken 
at Fusan on December 5, 1883, and two taken at Deer Island, near 
Fusan, on December 13 of the same year. They appear to be iden- 
tical with specimens from Europe. These examples are rather light 
in color; but a bird from Havre, France, matches them exactly. A 
specimen from Hakodate and two from China in the National 
Museum collection are very dark; but another from Hakodate and 
one from China exactly resemble the torean and European birds. 

ASIO FLAMMEUS ( Pontoppidan). 
SHORT-EARED OWL. 
There is in Mr. Jouy’s collection an unsexed specimen of this species 
taken at Fusan on November 23, 1884. 
STRIX MA (Clark). 
KOREAN BROWN OWL. 
Syrnium ma A. H. CuarKk, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1890, p. 471 (Fusan, 
Korea). 

Mr. Jouy collected the type of this species, a fine female, at Fusan, 
in March, 1885. 

Mr. Buturlin has very kindly called my attention to the fact that 
this is probably the species described and figured by David and 
Oustalet * under the name of Ptynx fuscescens. According to these 
authors, the species lives in Manchuria, ranging south i winter to 
central China. Pére David only met with it twice at Pekin, in the 
coldest winter season. 

OTUS SEMITORQUES Temminck and Schlegel. 
FEATHER-TOED SCOPS OWL. 

Mr. Jouy obtained three specimens of this species at Fusan, an 
adult male, taken on May 3, 1884, and two adult females, taken on 
March 20 and May 10, 1884. He also collected two specimens on 
Tsushima, on June 2, 1885. 





aQiseau ce la Chine, 1877, p. 45, pl. 2. 


160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





NINOX SCUTULATUS JAPONICUS Temminck and Schlegel. 


JAPANESE BROWN OWLET. 


This form is represented in the Korean collection by an excellent 
series of nineteen specimens, two males from Seoul, taken on Septem- 
ber 18, 1883; a female from the same locality, taken on August 24 of 
the same year; two males and a female from Nam San, collected on 
September 19 and 21, 1883; and six males and seven females from 
Fusan, taken on April 30, 1886, May 3, 10, 12, and 13, 1884, June 1, 
1884, and on September 29, 1885. 


BUBO TENUIPES Clark. 


SMALL-FOOTED EAGLE OWL. 
Bubo tenuipes A. H. Cuark, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, p. 470 (Fusan, 
Korea). 

It seems probable that a specimen mentioned by Mr. J. H. Gurney,? 
which was obtained on the Goto Islands, in the Korean Straits, and is 
now in the Norwich Museum, should be referred to this species. 
Possibly B. tenwipes is an inhabitant also of Kiusiu, at least of the 
southern portion. It is very strange that no eagle owl has ever been 
reported from Hondo. 

There are two specimens of this species in Mr. Jouy’s collection, 
taken at Fusan, one on December 17, 1883, the other on February 20, 
1884. The former is a male; the latter is not sexed. — . 


‘amily PITTID/E. 
PITTA NYMPHA Temminck. 
JAPANESE PITTA. 

There is a pair of this species in Mr. Jouy’s collection, taken at 
Tsushima on June 8, 1885. It is surprising that this bird has never 
been found on the Korean peninsula; but as no careful work has yet 
been done along the southern coast adjacent to the Korean Straits, it 
may yet be discovered in that district. 


Qrder COCCYGES. 
Suborder CUCULI. 
Family CUCULID. 
Subfamily CUCULIN &. 


CUCULUS CANORUS TELEPHONUS (Heine). 
EASTERN CUCKOO. 


In Mr. Jouy’s collection there is an adult male of this species taken 
at Fusan on May 23, 1886. 


a |bis, 1886, p. 524. 


NO. 1735. BIRDS FROM KOREA—CLARK. 161 


CUCULUS KELUNGENSIS Swinhoe. 
KELUNG CUCKOO. 

Mr. Jouy’s collection includes an adult femaie of this species, taken 
at Fusan on April 30, 1886, and a young male, also from Fusan, taken 
September 25, 1885. 

Suborder ALCYONES. 
Family ALCEDINID. 
ALCEDO ISPIDA BENGALENSIS (Gmelin). 
EASTERN KINGFISHER. 

Mr. Jouy obtained twelve specimens of this subspecies in Korea, 
seven at Fusan, two adult males, taken on May 25 and June 2, 1886, 
two adult females, taken on April 15 and June 2 of the same year, one 
young male, taken September 26, 1886, and two young females, 
taken on the 15th of the same month; two at Chemulpo, both adult 
males, taken on May 28 and September 10, 1883, two at Seoul, both 
young males, taken July 31 and August 21, 1883, and one, an adult 
male, near Gensan, taken July 27, 1886. 

‘HALCYON ATRICAPILLA (Gmelin). 
BLACK-CAPPED KINGFISHER. 
The collection contains a pair of these birds, taken at Fusan on 
May 25, 1884. 
Suborder CORACIAES. 
Family CORACIID. 
Subfamily CORACIIN. 
EURYSTOMUS CALONYX Sharpe. 
CHINESE ROLLER. 
Mr. Jouy collected five birds of this species on Tsushima, four males, 


taken on May 24, June 2, June 13, and June 25, and a female, taken 
on June 13, 1885. 


Order Pici. 
Family PICID/. 


DRYOBATES JAPONICUS (Seebohm), 


The Korean collection contains eleven specimens of this species, 
five adult males from Seoul, taken September 18, 20, and 21, and 
October 14, 1883; an immature male taken at Seoul August 16, 1883; 
four adult females from Seoul taken June 10, August 19, and Septem- 
ber 18, 1883, and an adult male from Fusan taken on September 28, 
1885. 


Proc.N.M.vol.88—10——11 


162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


When compared with a series of ten examples from Yezo and 
Hondo, Japan, no constant differences can be found. The Korean 
birds average perhaps rather darker below than the Japanese, but 
two of the latter are fully as dark, and one of the former is quite 
light, being almost white below. A specimen from Pekin and 
another from Shanghai also agree with individuals in this series. 


DENDRODROMAS LEUCOTOS USSURIENSIS (Buturlin). 


KOREAN WHITE-BACKED WOODPECKER. 


Dryobates leuconotus ussuriensis ButTuruin, Mitth. Kauk. Mus., vol. 3, pt. 1 
1907, pp. 47, 62 (April), (Sidemi, southern Ussuriland). 

Dryobates leucotos coreensis A. H. Cuark, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, 
p. 472 (June), (Fusan, Korea). 

Dendrodromas leuconotus ussuriensis ButTuruin, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. 
St.-Pétersbourg, vol. 13, 1909, p. 233. 


’ 


In the preliminary paper describing the new forms in Mr. Jouy’s 
collection I diagnosed the Korean white-backed woodpecker, calling 
it Dryobates leucotos coreensis; but while my paper was in press, two 
months before it was published, Mr. Buturlin described the same thing 
under the name of Dryobates leuconotus ussuriensis, from specimens 
taken at Sidemi, in the southernmost part of Ussuriland, near the 
Korean boundary. In the same paper I described as new Dryobates 
leucotos ussurianus from central Ussuriland, a quite different form. 
Mr. Buturlin’s ussuriensis is the same as my coreensis, and the latter 
therefore lapses into the synonymy of the former; but his name 
ussurvensis preoccupied my name ussurvanus used for quite a different 
bird, which he has consequently renamed. Mr. Buturlin had the 
kindness to straighten out the whole matter in correspondence, and 
later published an account of this somewhat curious nomenclatorial 
entanglement, at the same time taking the opportunity of more 
clearly bringing out the differential characters of the forms. 

There are two males and two females of this subspecies in Mr. Jouy’s 
collection, taken at Fusan on September 30, and October 3, 1885. 


YUNGIPICUS KIZUKI SEEBOHMI (Hargitt). 


SEEBOHM’S PIGMY WOODPECKER. 


The collection contains a male of this subspecies taken at Seoul 
July 5, 1883, and a female from the same locality taken on October 
14, 1883. 

YUNGIPICUS KIZUKI NIGRESCENS (Seebohm). 


RIUKIU PIGMY WOODPECKER. 


Two female pigmy woodpeckers taken on Tsushima May 18 and 
June 2, 1885, appear to be referable to this form, rather than to 
Y. k. kizuki of Kiusiu. They agree perfectly with a bird from 
Miyakeshima. 


=] 


No. 1735. BIRDS FROM KOREA—CLARK. 163 


YUNGIPICUS SCINTILLICEPS DOERRIESI (Hargitt). 
AMUR PIGMY WOODPECKER. 

This subspecies is represented in the Korean collection by a series 
of nine birds, eight from Seoul and one from a locality 30 miles east 
of Seoul, taken in June, August, September, and October, 1883. 

GECINUS CANUS GRISEOVIRIDIS Clark. 


KOREAN GREEN WOODPECKER. YAMAGERA. 


Gecinus canus griseoviridis A. H. CLarK, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, 
p. 473 (Seoul, Korea). 

The collection contains three males of this subspecies from Seoul, 
taken on September 18 and October 2 and 20, 1883; one male from 
Gensan, taken April 10, 1884; three females from Seoul taken on 
September 20 and October 2, 1883, and a female from Gensan taken 
April 26, 1884. 


Order MACROCHIRES. 


Suborder CAPRIMULGI. 


Family CAPRIMULGID. 
CAPRIMULGUS JOTAKA Temminck. 


7 ORIENTAL GOATSUCKER. 


Mr. Jouy’s collection contains a male of this species, taken at 
Fusan on April 28, 1884. 


Suborder CYPSELI. 
Family MICROPODID®. 
Subfamily CH. 40 1TURIN-®. 
CHATURA CAUDACUTA (Latham). 
NEEDLE-TAILED SWIFT. 
In the collection there is a specimen of this swift, taken 8 miles 
south of Seoul, September 26, 1883. It agrees perfectly with others 


from Japan. 
Subfamily MICROPODIN 4¢. 


MICROPUS PACIFICUS (Latham). 
WHITE-RUMPED SWIFT. 
Mr. Jouy’s collection includes a female of this species from Fusan, 
taken on May 2, 1886, which agrees perfectly with another at hand 
from Chifu, 


164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Order Passeres. 


Suborder OSCINES. 


Family MUSCICAPID/. 
TERPSIPHONE ATROCAUDATA (Eyton). 
PARADISE FLYCATCHER. 


Muscipeta princeps of Temminck® is preoccupied by Muscrpeta 
princeps Vigors;® the next available name appears to be that of 
Eyton, Muscipeta atrocaudata,° by which the species should be known. 

There are four males of this form in the Korean collection, taken 
at Fusan on May 3 and 11, 1884, and a female, taken on the latter 
date. One of these males is interesting in having the entire outer 
web of the right central rectrix light pearl gray. The collection also 
contains a female and a male without elongated rectrices, both taken 
at Fusan in May. 


MUSCICAPA GRISEISTICTA Swinhoe. 


GRAY-SPOTTED FLYCATCHER. 


Mr. Jouy’s collection contains a male and three females of this spe- 
cies, taken at Fusan on September 23, 26, and 28, 1885. 


ALSEONAX LATIROSTRIS (Raffles). 


BROAD-BILLED FLYCATCHER. 


There are two males from Seoul, taken October 2 and 4, 1883, and 
a female from Fusan, secured June 1, 1884, in the collection. On the 
label of the latter is written: ‘‘Iris very dark brown; base of bill 
flesh color: in pines.”’ 


HEMICHELIDON SIBIRICA (Gmelin). 


SIBERIAN FLYCATCHER. 


The collection includes a male from Seoul, taken October 2, 1883, 
and a female, taken May 28, 1883, at Chemulpo. On the label of the 
male is written: ‘‘ Rare; one specimen seen in pines.’ The specimens 
agree with others from the Commander Islands and Kamchatka. 


ERYTHROSTERNA ALBICILLA (Pallas). 


WHITE-TAILED FLYCATCHER. 


There are three males of this species in the collection, taken at 
Seoul on October 4, 6, and 8, 1883. 


@ Planch. Color., vol. 3, 1835, pl, 584. 


b Proc. Comm. Sci. Cor. Zool. Soc., London, pt. 1, No. 2, p. 22, Feb. 1, 1831. 
¢ Proc. Zool. Soc., 1839, p. 102. 


-1 
on 


No. 1 


BIRDS PROM KORPA—CLARK. 165 


XANTHOPYGIA XANTHOPYGIA (Hay). 


YELLOW FLYCATCHER. 


This species is represented in Mr. Jouy’s collection by anexcellent 
series of fifteen specimens; nine adult males from Seoul, taken on 
June 10, 14, 15, 16, and 19, and August 2, 1883; three adult females 
from Seoul, taken on June 14, 15, and 30, 1883; one young male from 
Seoul, taken June 15, 1883, one young male from Chemulpo, taken 
September 8, 1883, and one adult male from Fusan, taken May 7, 


1884. 
XANTHOPYGIA NARCISSINA (Temiminck). 


NARCISSUS FLYCATCHER. 


There are five specimens of this species in the Korean collection; 
four males and one female, all taken at Fusan, the dates of capture 
being April 27 and May 10 and 11, 1884, and May 2, 1886. 


POLIOMYIAS FERRUGINEA (Gmelin). 


The collection includes a fine series of thirty-five specimens of this 
species, twenty-three males and twelve females, thirty-one taken at 
Seoul on October 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 14, and 20, 1883, and four from Fusan, 
two taken May 2, 1886, one June 1, and one October 19, 1884. 

The autumn males are washed with slate gray above, due to wide 
edgings of this color on the feathers, especially on the head and rump. 
The spring males are dark sooty gray above, somewhat lighter on 
the rump, but dark again on the upper tail coverts. The under parts 
appear to be practically the same at all seasons. 


CYANOPTILA BELLA (Hay). 


BLUE AND BLACK FLYCATCHER. ORURI. 


Mr. Jouy’s collection includes eleven specimens of this handsome 
species, eight from Fusan, seven adult males taken on April 27 and 
May 3, 1884, April 27, 1885, and April 27, 1886, and one adult female, 
taken April 27, 1885; and three from Seoul, an adult male, taken 
September 20, 1883, and two adult females taken September 18 and 


19, 1883. 
IANTHIA CYANURA (Pallas). 


SIBERIAN BLUE-TAIL. BLUESTART. 

There are in the collection two specimens of this species, a male 
and an immature female, taken at Seoul, October 24, 1883. On the 
label of the male is written ‘‘Tris dark brown.”’ 

LARVIVORA CYANE (Pallas). 
BLUE FLYCATCHER. 

There are three specimens of this species in the collection, all from 
Fusan, one adult male taken May 11, 1886, and two adult females, 
taken May 7, 1884, and May 1, 1886. 


166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Family CAMPEPHAGID. 
PERICROCOTUS CINEREUS INTERMEDIUS Clark. 
KOREAN MINIVET. 
Pericrocotus cinereus intermedius A. H. CuarK, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 
1907, p. 474 (Seoul, Korea). 

There are in Mr. Jouy’s collection nine specimens of this form; 
four males from Fusan, taken on April 27, 1884, April 25, 1886, and 
May 3, 1885; two males from Seoul, taken June 10, 1883; two 
females from Fusan, taken April 27 and 30, 1884, and one female 
from Seoul, taken June 10, 1883. 


Family ZOSTEROPID. 


ZOSTEROPS STEJNEGERI Seebohm. 


STEJNEGER’S WHITE-EYE. 


A female Zosterops taken on Tsushima June 6, 1886, and a male 
taken at Fusan, Korea, October 12, 1884, together with a male from 
Oshima (the last is the bird mentioned by Doctor Stejneger in Proc. 
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 10, 1887, p. 486; and vol. 16, 1893, p. 636), 
appear to be rather nearer to Seebohm’s Z. stejnegeri than to Z. 
japonicus, inasmuch as they are larger in size than the latter with 
longer bills. 


Family ALAUDID. 


ALAUDA ARVENSIS BLAKISTONI Stejneger. 


KAMCHATKAN SEKYLARE. 


Mr. Jouy’s collection contains two males of this species from Fusan, 
taken on January 30, 1884, and a female from Seoul, taken on Sep- 
tember 23, 1883, identical with birds from Kamchatka, the Com- 
mander Islands, and the Kurils. 


ALAUDA ARVENSIS INTERMEDIA (Swinhoe). 


TARTARY SEKYLARE. 


In the collection there are two males of this subspecies taken at 
Seoul, May 5, 1886 and September 28, 1883, another male taken at 
Fusan, December 5, 1883, and a female from Fusan, taken on April 20, 
1884. They agree with a specimen from Vladivostok. 


GALERIDA CRISTATA COREENSIS (Taczanowski). 


KOREAN CRESTED LARE. 


The collection includes six specimens of this form, two adult males 
from Chemulpo, taken on September 8 and 10, 1883, two adult 
females from the same locality, taken September 3 and 10, 1883, an 
adult female from Fusan, taken January 18, 1885, and a young male 
from Fusan, taken October 2, 1885. 


NO. 1735. BIRDS FROM KORBFA—CLARK. 167 


Family CORVID. 


Subfamily GARRULIN 4s. 
PICA PICA SERICA Gould. 
CHINESE MAGPIE. 
There are six specimens of the Chinese magpie in the collection, 
three males, taken at Seoul on June 21,24, and 25, 1883, and two males, 
taken at Fusan on March 9, 1885, and March 12, 1884. 


GARRULUS JAPONICUS (Schlegel). 


JAPANESE JAY. 


There is a male of this species in Mr. Jouy’s collection from Tsu- 
shima, taken on May 21, 1886, and two others from the same place, 
unsexed and undated. It is rather strange that this species should 
never occur in Korea, when it occurs so near as Tsushima. The only 
jay known from Korea is G. brandti, which replaces this species in the 
north of Japan (Yezo). Possibly some Jay near (. japonicus will 
in the future come to light on the as yet unknown southern coast. 

Subtamily COR V LN Ax. 
CORVUS TORQUATUS Lesson. 
CHINESE WHITE-COLLARED CROW. 

There is a fragmentary specimen of this species in the National 
Museum collection which was obtained by Mr. Jouy at Yokohama, 
Japan. It seems most probable that is was an escaped cage bird, 
though there is no reason why this species should not be found, at 
least occasionally, in southern Japan. 

CORVUS CORONE ORIENTALIS Eversmann. 
EASTERN CARRION CROW. 
There are four specimens of this bird in Mr. Jouy’s collection, tak. 
at Seoul and Fusan in February, July, November, and December. 
CORVUS MACRORHYNCHOS JAPONENSIS Bonaparte. 
JAPANESE RAVEN. 
Mr. Jouy collected two birds of this species at Seoul on July 27, 


1S83. 
COLGUS DAUURICUS (Pallas). 


PALLAS’ JACKDAW. 


Pallas’ Jackdaw is represented in the collection by six specimens, 
a male and three females taken between Seoul and Fusan on Novem- 
ber 22 and 23, 1883, and a female taken at Fusan on February 11, 
1884, 

T can not help inclining toward the belief, already several times 
expressed by others, that the following is but a color phase of this 


168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 38. 





species, just as I hold Cereba atrata, C. wellsi, and C. laure to be 
merely melanotic phases of the species of that genus inhabiting the 
same localities. An examination of young birds in the nest would 
throw an interesting light on the question. 


COL@®US NEGLECTUS (Schlegel). 
BLACK JACKDAW. 
This form is represented in the collection from Korea by four 
specimens; three males, one taken at Fusan on February 11, 1884, 


and two between Seoul and Fusan on. November 23, 1883, and a 
female taken between Seoul and Fusan on the latter date. 


NUCIFRAGA CARYOCATACTES MACRORHYNCHOS (Brehm). 
NUTCRACKER. 
The collection contains three males and a female of this subspecies 
from Fusan, taken on September 23 and 27, 1885. 
Family STURNIDA. 
SPODIOPSAR CINERACEUS (Temminck). 
GRAY STARLING. 


The collection contains a male and a female of this starling taken 
at Seoul on January 14, 1883. 


Family ORIOLID. 


ORIOLUS DIFFUSUS Sharpe. 


CHINESE ORIOLE. 


Mr. Jouy’s collection contains two adult males taken near Seoul on 
June 17, 1883, a young male taken thirty miles east of Seoul on 
August 12, 1883, and an adult female taken near Chemulpo on Sep- 
tember 8, 1883. 


‘amily FRINGILLIDA, 
COCCOTHRAUSTES COCCOTHRAUSTES JAPONICUS (Temminck and Schlegel). 
JAPANESE HAWFINCH. 
There are in the Korean collection four examples of this species; a 
male taken at Fusan on December 14, 1884, and three females from 


the same locality, taken on April 11, 1886, and on December7 and 14, 


ISS4. 
PYRRHULA PYRRHULA GRISEIVENTRIS (Lafresnaye). 


ORIENTAL BULLFINCH. 


Mr. Jouy’s collection includes a fine male from Fusan, taken on 
April 18, 1886. 


=~ 
wo 


5 BIRDS FROM KOREA—CLARK. 169 


no. 1 





CHLORIS SINICA USSURIANUS Hartert. 


USSURILAND GREENFINCH. 


Mr. Jouy collected five specimens of this form, all at Seoul, four 
males, taken on June 10, 12, and 25, 1883, and on October 27 of the 
same year, and a female taken on the last-mentioned date. 

FRINGILLA MONTIFRINGILLA Linnzus. 
BRAMBLING. 

The collection contains two males of this species from Seoul, 
taken on October 23 and 24, 1883. 

EMBERIZA ELEGANS Temminck. 
TEMMINCK’S YELLOW-BROWED BUNTING. 

There are four adult males of this species in the collection from 
Fusan, taken November 30, 1883, April 19 and December 14, 1884, 
and April 26, 1886; an adult female taken at Seoul on October 24, 
1883; and an adult male, with no data attached. 

EMBERIZA FUCATA Pallas. 
GRAY-HEADED BUNTING. 

There is a single adult male of this species in the collection, taken 

thirty miles east of Seoul on August 12, 1883. 
EMBERIZA CASTANEICEPS Moore. 


CHESTNUT-HEADED BUNTING. 


The collection contains seven specimens of this species, five from 
Fusan, four males taken on January 30 and April 20, 1884, and on 
May 3, 1885, and a female taken on the last-named date; and two 

J ? ) 
young males from thirty miles east of Seoul, taken on August 12, 1883. 

EMBERIZA TRISTRAMI Swinhoe. 
TRISTRAM’S BUNTING. 

This species is represented in the collection by a male from Seoul, 
taken October 14, 1883, another from Fusan, taken April 27, 1885, 
and three females from Seoul, taken on October 4 and 8, 1883. 

PASSER MONTANUS ORIENTALIS Clark. 
EASTERN TREE SPARROW. 


Mr. Jouy collected two males of this form at Fusan on November 
8, 1885. 


170 PROCREDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. 38. - 


Family HIRUNDINIDA. 
HIRUNDO RUSTICA GUTTURALIS (Scopoli). 
EASTERN CHIMNEY SWALLOW. 

There are four females of this bird in Mr, Jouy’s collection, one 
taken at Fusan on April 28, 1886, and three taken at Seoul on June 
10 and 19 and on August 2, 1883. 

RIPARIA RIPARIA (Linneus). 
BANK SWALLOW; SAND MARTIN. 


There is a male of this wide-ranging species in the collection taken 
at Seoul on September 29, 1883. 


Family LANITDA. 
LANIUS LUCIONENSIS Linneus. 


CHINESE RED-TAILED SHRIKE. 


In the collection there are ten specimens of this species, four from 
Fusan, two adult males taken May 17 and July 9, 1884, an adult 
female taken July 9, 1884, and a young bird taken December 14, 
1884; five from Seoul, two adult males taken on June 14 and 19, 
1883, two adult females taken on June 5 and 15, 1883, and a young 
male taken on July 31, 1883; and one from Gensan, an adult female 
taken on July 24, 1886. 


LANIUS MAGNIROSTRIS Lesson. 
THICK-BILLED SHRIKE. 


A male taken at Fusan on May 22, 1886, and another taken at 
Tsushima on June 6, 1885, represent this species in Mr. Jouy’s 
collection, 


LANIUS SPHENOCERCUS Cabanis. 


There are in the collection two males and a female of this species 
taken in central Korea on November 16, 18, and 21, 1883, and a male 


taken near Seoul on September 28, 1883. 


Family MOTACILLIDE. 
MOTACILLA LUGENS Kittlitz. 
BLACK-BACKED KAMCHATKAN WAGTAIL. 
There is a male of this species in Mr. Jouy’s collection taken near 
Seoul on September 29, 1883. 
MOTACILLA LEUCOPSIS Gould. 


GRAY-BACKED WAGTAIL. 


In the collection there are two males of this species from Seoul, 
taken on September 20 and 26, 1883. 


They agree with Chinese 
examples. 


~) 
2 
' 


« 


no. 1 


BIRDS FROM KORBA—CLARK. a ay aa 


BUDYTES FLAVUS SIMILLIMA Hartert. 
KAMCHATKAN YELLOW WAGTAIL. 
A young female Yellow Wagtail taken by Mr. Jouy at Fusan on 
September 23, 1885, appears to be referable to this form. 
BUDYTES BOARULA MELANOPE (Pallas). 
EASTERN GRAY WAGTAIL. 
A female of this form taken at Seoul, Korea, on October 7, 1883, 
agrees with others from China and Japan, 
ANTHUS GUSTAVI Swinhoe. 
SCHLEGEL'S TITLARK. 
A specimen taken by Mr. Jouy at Seoul on September 23, 1883, 
agrees with others from Copper and Bering islands and from Iam- 


chatka. 
ANTHUS RICHARDI STRIOLATUS (Blyth). 


BLYTH'’S PIPIT. 
A male taken by Mr. Jouy 8 miles south of Seoul on September 26, 
1883, agrees with specimens from Hongkong taken in October. 
PIPASTES MACULATUS (Jerdon). 
EASTERN TREE PIPIT. 
In Mr. Jouy’s collection there is a male and an unsexed specimen 
taken at Seoul on October 2 and 14, 1883. 
DENDRONANTHUS INDICUS (Gmelin). 
INDIAN TREE PIPIT. 
Mr. Jouy’s collection contains three males and four females of this 
species, all taken at Seoul on June 2, 10, 15, 16, 23, and 29, 1883. 
Family TROGLODY TIDE. 
NANNUS FUMIGATUS PENINSUL& (Clark). 


KOREAN WREN. MISOSAZAI. 


Olbiorchilus fumigatus peninsule A. H. CLarK, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, 
p. 474 (Fusan, Korea). 


Mr. Jouy’s collection includes a pair of this species, a male taken 
at Fusan on December 14, 1884, and a female from the same place 
taken on December 4, 1885. 


Family CERTHID. 
CERTHIA FAMILIARIS SCANDULACA (Pallas). 


SIBERIAN CREEPER. 


A male creeper taken at Fusan on November 15, 1884, another 
taken at Seoul November 5, 1883, and an unsexed specimen from 


172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Fusan taken November 15, 1884, appear to be referable to this 
subspecies. They are darker, with less white, than specimens from 
Yezo, and are also smaller. This disposition of these birds is merely 
provisional, the material available for comparison being much too 
scanty to admit of accurate determination. 


Family PARIDZ. 
PENTHESTES PALUSTRIS CRASSIROSTRIS (Taczanowski). 


THICK-BILLED MARSH-TIT. 


The collection contains three adult males of this form taken at 
Seoul on August 21 and September 20 and 24, 1883. and an immature 
male taken on July 5, 1883. 


PROPAROIDES VARIUS VARIUS (Temminck and Schlegel). 


JAPANESE TIT-MOUSE. 


The collection contains seven specimens of this species from Fusan, 
five males taken on October 19, 1884, and April 18, 1886, and two 
females taken on October 12, 1884; and seven specimens from Seoul, 
three males taken June 10, September 23, and October 14, 1883, and 
four females, taken on June 12, September 21, October 14, and 
October 20, 1883. Compared with a series of eighteen specimens 
from Yezo and Hondo, no differences can be found not attributable to 
the somewhat different make of the skins. 

I am inclined to believe that this species is a regular winter visitor 
from Japan, possibly occurring more abundantly at certain seasons 
than at others. I do not know of any specimens ever having been 
taken in Korea in the breeding season, although it is a common 
breeding resident on Tsushima. Specimens of this bird from the 
islands along the southern coasts of Hondo and Kiusiu, from the 
Linschoten and Riu Kiu islands, and breeding birds from Kiusiu, 
especially the southern part, are very desirable in order to ascertain 
the relationship of P. v. varius with P. v. castaneoventris of Formosa 
and Okinawashima, and with P. owstoni of the Seven Islands. 


ACREDULA CAUDATA MACROURA Seebohm. 


SEEBOHM’'S LONG-TAILED TIT. 


Three specimens of Long-tailed Titmice from Korea and one from 
the Amur region have puzzled me considerably. They agree per- 
fectly between themselves, but differ from examples from Europe and 
Japan in being somewhat larger, with much longer tails, and with the 
white on the wings somewhat more restricted. From the material at 
hand I can not find the slightest difference between typical European 
and Japanese specimens. The birds from Korea and the Amur I have 
referred provisionally to Seebohm’s A. ¢. macroura, as they appear to 


NO. 1735. - BIRDS FROM KOREA—CLARK. 173 





come under his somewhat insuflicient diagnosis of that form, although 
{may state that | am not at all certain they belong here. I have not 
been able to examine a specimen of true A. ¢. macroura, and have been 
forced to rely on descriptions. An example of Seebohm’s A. ce. 
sibirica from Krasnoyarsk agrees in size and length of tail with my 
Korean and Amur birds, but differs widely in the great amount. of 
white on the wings. 

A male, taken at Seoul, Korea, October 24, 1883, measures, wing, 
67 mm.; tail, 99 mm.; tarsus, 17 mm. 

A male of A. ¢. stbirica measures, wing, 67 mm.; tail, 100 mm.; tar- 
sus, 17 mm. 

A male, taken at Sapporo, Yezo, October 23, 1883, measures, wing, 
64 mm.; tail, 84 mm.; tarsus, 17 mm. 

Two females, taken at Seoul, Korea, on October 14 and 24, 1883, 
average, wing, 64.5 mm.; tail, 91 mm.; tarsus, 17 mm. 

ACREDULA TRIVIRGATA MAGNA Clark. 
KOREAN LONG-TAILED TIT. 
Acredula trivirgata magna A. H. Cuark, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, p. 475 
(Seoul, Korea). 

Mr. Jouy’s collection contains the type of this species, an adult male, 

taken at Seoul on October 24, 1883. 
REMIZ CONSOBRINUS SUFFUSUS Clark. 
KOREAN PENDULINE TIT. 
Remiz consobrinus suffusus A. H. CuarK, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, 
p. 474 (Fusan, Korea). 


Mr. Jouy’s collection contains two adult males of this form taken 
near Fusan on December 21, 1884. 


SUTHORA WEBBIANA MANDSCHURICA (Taczanowski). 
MANCHURIAN SUTHORA. 


Three birds, a male and two females, taken near Seoul on August 
12, 1883, appear to be referable to this subspecies. Unfortunately 
the genus is not very well represented in the National Museum collec- 
tion, and I have had to depend largely on published descriptions. 
They differ from a specimen which I take to represent S. w. webbiana, 
from Shen Si, exactly as described by Mr. Campbell in his description 


997 


of S. longicauda (=S. mandschurica) in the Ibis for 1892, p. 237. 


SUTHORA FULVICAUDA Campbell. 


KOREAN SUTHORA. 


Two female Suthoras, taken at Fusan, one on April 11, 1886, and 
the other on April 30, 1884, I have determined as belonging to this 
species. Mr. Campbell’s suggestion that this may prove to be the 
Japanese species seems quite plausible. 


174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


ae = + 


Family SYLVIID. 





Subfamily SYLVIIN 4. 


ACANTHOPNEUSTE CORONATA (Temminck and Schlegel). 
TEMMINCK’S CROWNED WILLOW WARBLER. 

The collection contains a female of this species taken on Tsushima 
on May 28, 1885; one male and five females, taken at Seoul on 
August 6, 10, and 19, and October 2 and 14, 1883; and three males 
from Fusan taken on May 4 and 7, 1884, and on May 3, 1885. 


PHYLLOSCOPUS SUPERCILIOSUS (Gmelin). 

Three males, taken at Seoul, Korea, on October 4 and 6, 1883, agree 

with specimens from Shanghai, Hongkong, Canton, and Siam. 
ACROCEPHALUS ORIENTALIS (Temminck and Schlegel). 
CHINESE GREAT REED WARBLER. 

The collection contains four males and a female of this species 
taken at Gensan on July 24 and 27, 1886. They are all in exceedingly 
worn plumage. 

CETTIA CANTANS (Temminck and Schlegel). 
LARGE JAPANESE BUSH WARBLER. 
The collection contains a male of this species, taken May 19, 1885. 
CETTIA CANTURIANS (Swinhoe). 


There is a male of this species in the collection taken at Seoul Octo- 
ber 14, 1883. 
UROPHLEXIS USSURIANA (Seebohm). 


The collection includes three males and a female of this form taken 
at Fusan on April 25 and on May 2 and 3, 1886. On one of the labels 
is written “Iris very dark brown.” 


family PYCNONOTID. 
HYPSIPETES AMAUROTIS HENSONI (Temminck). 
HENSON’S BROWN-EARED BULBUL. 


Mr. Jouy’s collection includes a male of this subspecies taken at 
Fusan on November 30, 1883, and another taken on Tsushima on May 
28, 1885. 

‘amily TURDID/. 
Subfamily 'TURDIN 45. 
OREOCINCLA VARIA (Pallas). 
WHITE’S GROUND THRUSH. 


A wing and two legs from a specimen taken at Fusan April 22, 
1886, I refer with some hesitation to this species. Compared with 


No. 1735. BIRDS FROM KOREA—CLARK. 175 





the wings of birds from Japan, this wing is much lighter and duller, 
and also somewhat shorter. The measurements of the fragments are, 
wing, 154 mm.; tarsus, 34 mm. 


CICHLOSELYS SIBIRICUS (Pallas). 
SIBERIAN GROUND THRUSH. 

The collection contains a male of this species taken at Fusan Sep- 
tember 23, 1885, and a female from the same place taken May 7, 1884. 
TURDUS CARDIS Temminck. 

GRAY JAPANESE OUZEL. 


In the collection there is an adult female of this species taken at 
Fusan, April 25, 1884, and a young male from the same locality taken 
April 26, 1886. 

TURDUS EUNOMUS Temminck. 


A male and a female taken at Fusan on March 12, 1884, represent 
this species. 
TURDUS NAUMANNI Temminck. 


RED-TAILED OUZEL. 


This species is represented by an adult male taken at Fusan on Jan- 
uary 3, 1886. 
TURDUS OBSCURUS Gmelin. 


EYEBROWED THRUSH. DUSKY OUZEL. 
A male taken at Fusan on May 38, 1884, is in the collection. 
TURDUS PALLIDUS Gmelin. 
PALE OUZEL. 
The collection includes three males and two females of this species 
from Fusan taken on April 25, 28, and 29, 1884. 
TURDUS CHRYSOLAUS Temminck. 


BROWN JAPANESE OUZEL. 


A male taken at Fusan, May 3, 1884, and another taken on the 7th 
of the same month represent this species. 


PETROPHILA MANILLA (Boddaert). 


BLUE AND RED ROCK THRUSH, 


Mr. Jouy’s Korean collection contains three males, one taken at 
Fusan on April 28, 1884, one at Chemulpo on September 7, 1883, and 
the other with no data other than Fusan. He also obtained a speci- 
men on Tsushima on May 26, 1885. 

A series of 16 birds from China, Korea, Japan, Tsushima, the 
Riu Kiu Islands, and Formosa appears to be fairly uniform. The 


176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


specimen from Tsushima is very dark on the underparts, and some- 
what brighter above than any of the others. One from Formosa, 
however (taken in November), is nearly as dark. These two speci- 
mens also agree in having longer wings and shorter tails than any of 
the rest. 

A male, not quite adult, in the National Museum collection is par- 
tially albinistic above. 


ERITHACUS SIBILANS Swainson. 


EASTERN ROBIN. 


The collection contains a female of this species from Seoul taken 
October 1, 1883. 
PRATINCOLA MAURA (Pallas). 


EASTERN STONE-CHAT. NOBITAKI. 


This species is represented in Mr. Jouy’s collection by two males 
from Fusan taken on April 20, 1884,and April 24, 1885; three females 
from Fusan taken on April 19 and 25, 1885, and on April 11, 1886, and 
an immature male from Chemulpo taken September 10, 1883. 


PHCENICURUS AUROREUS (Pallas). 


DAURIAN REDSTART. 


There are in the collection six specimens of this bird, all from Seoul; 
four adult males taken on June 12, August 21, and October 8, 1883; 
an adult female taken on August 2, 1883, and an immature bird taken 
on June 16, 1883. 


ON SOME LAND SHELLS COLLECTED BY DR. HIRAM 
BINGHAM IN PERU. 


By Wriiam Hearty DALL, 


Curator, Division of Mollusks, U.S. National Museum. 


During a recent mission to Peru Dr. Hiram Bingham, of Yale Uni- 
versity, made a small collection of land shells in a little visited part of 
Peru, which through his kindness and that of Dr. Leon J. Cole of that 
university were in part sent to me for examination. Other portions 
of the collection were presented by Doctor Bingham to Mr. Barbour 
of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, who kindly lent them for 
study, and Doctor Cooke of the Bishop Memorial Museum at Honolulu. 

Doctor Bingham thus describes the locality where the shells were 
found, of which the accompanying illustration, from a photograph 
taken by him, will aid in characterizing their habitat. 


We left Chincheros on February 17 about 10 o’clock in the morning, reaching the 
battlefield of Bombon at 11.15 and having our first view of the Rio Pampas at 12.45 
p.m. Its height above the sea at this point is about. 6,000 feet. 

On its banks are mimosa trees and several varieties of cactus. The shells occurred 
in great profusion both on the cactus and the mimosas which struck me as very odd, 
as I had collected many land shells on the Hawaiian Islands and do not remember to 
have ever seen shells in such profusion anywhere. Furthermore in the Hawaiian 
Islands they very rarely live on either cactus or mimosa, preferring the indigenous 
plants and trees. 

After reaching the Jevel of the river our path followed it in a northerly direction 
downstream for some distance amongst groves of mimosa trees and different kinds of 
cacti. This is a famous place for mosquitoes, and there is said to be a great deal of 
malaria in the vicinity. 

The bridge over the Rio Pampas has long attracted the notice of travelers. There 
are two pictures of it in E. G. Squier’s book on Peru, and although wire rope has re- 
placed the old cables it is still a most unwelcome feature of the road from the point of 
view of the mules. The bridge to-day is at the foot of perpendicular cliffs. The sur- 
rounding scenery is not so imposing as that of the valley of the Apurimac, but is never- 
theless magnificent. The bridge is about 150 feet long and about 50 feet above the 
river. After leaving the bridge we ascended a precipitous cliff by a narrow winding 
path and found ourselves on a terrace where enterprising Peruvians had planted fields 
of sugar cane. 

The trees and shrubs on which I found the shells were not more than 50 or 75 feet 
above the river. I should judge from the presence of the mimosa and cactus that the 
region was not a very rainy one. The shells were placed so thickly on the trunks of 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 38—No. 1736. 
Proc. N.M.vol.38—10 12 177 





178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 
the trees as to make them faintly white in places as large as the palm of one’s hand, I 
estimated that on some of the cacti there were fully 500 shells of all sizes. They 
seemed to prefer the vicinity of the ground and I saw very few shells on the upper 
branches or on the leaves. I did not see any shells until-the path approached the bank 
of the stream at an altitude of about 50 feet above the level of the water. Our path ran 
beside the bank of the stream for at least 2 miles and possibly 3, the shells occurring in 
great profusion during the entire distance. After we crossed the river on the bridge 
we saw no more shells, for we climbed at once to the terrace a couple of hundred feet 
above the river and thus proceeded to Pajonal. 
The shells occur on the trees in the immediate foreground of the picture. 


The shells comprised various species and varieties of Bulimulus and 
a single species of Clausilia. The latter was submitted to Dr. H. A. 
Pilsbry, who has kindly furnished a description of it. 





FIG. 1.—VIEW OF THE RIO PAMPAS LOOKING DOWNSTREAM. 


: LIST OF THE SPECIES COLLECTED. 
BULIMULUS (BOSTRYX) INFUNDIBULUM Pieiffer. 


Bulimulus infundibulum Pretrer, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851, p. 255.— 
More et, Sér. Conch., vol. 3, 1863, p. 204, pl. 11, fig. 6. 

The specimens obtained were some 20 millimeters long, the vertical 
length of the aperture being 7 millimeters. The color variations were 
ashy white with a brownish nucleus, the same streaked with tawny 
brown, and lastly with two (not one as stated by Morelet in contra- 
diction to his figure) brown spiral bands. The apex is more produced 
and mammillary than in Morelet’s figure. He states that it was 
found on grasses in stony places, and gives the habitat as the high- 


i 


No. 1736. SOME LAND SHELLS FROM PERU—DALL. 179 





lands between the valley of Abancay and that of Ayacucho. The 
species has an arboreal aspect and the statement that it was found on 
grasses, in view of Doctor Bingham’s experience, seems to need con- 
firmation. 

U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 209266. 

BULIMULUS (BOSTRYX) UMBILICATELLUS Pilsbry. 
Bulimulus (Bostryx) infundibulum, var. umbilicatellus Pitspry, Manual, vol. 10, 
1895, p. 131, pl. 44, figs. 93, 94. 

The specimens obtained were ashy white, with livid brown colora- 
tion near the tip of the spire and in the umbilicus, and somewhat 
fainter in the aperture. The profile is more convex toward the mid- 
dle; that is, the shell is more spindle-shaped and less evenly conic than 
the specimen figured in the Manual, and the umbilicus more tubular 
and less funicular. The nucleus has about 3! translucent smooth 
whorls and the remainder of the shell 7$ whorls. The axial striation 
does not differ, in the specimens examined, from that carried by 
B. infundibulum. The length of the shell is 21, the maximum diame- 
ter 6, the vertical height of the aperture 6.5 mm. In the absence of 
connecting gradations this seems to be a good species. 

U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 209267. 

BULIMULUS (BOSTRYX) ALBICOLOR Morelet. 
Bulimulus albicolor MorELET, Journ. de Conchyl., vol. 8, p.374, 1860; Sér. Conch., 
vol. 3, 1863, p. 199, pl. 11, fig. 9. 

The average of specimens of this form obtained were intermediate in 
size between the figures given for his extremes by Morelet, otherwise 
agreeing precisely with his figures and descriptions. The series ex- 
amined, however, shows variations in the umbilical region from 
closed and merely rimate, to nearly as wide as in the next species, 
of which I am inclined to consider it a mere mutation. According’ to 
Angrand this form inhabits Huanta and the valley of the Apurimac 
River, Peru. 

U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 209268. 


BULIMULUS (BOSTRYX) OROPHILUS Morelet, var. CEREICOLA Morelet. 


Bulimus cereicola MORELET, Sér. Conch., vol. 3, 1863, p. 192, pl. 9, fig. 7. 
Bulimus lesueurianus MoRE LET, Sér. Conch., vol. 3, 1863, p. 200, pl. 9, -fig. 4. 
Bulimus orophilus More vet, Sér. Conch., vol. 3, 1863, p. 189, pl. 9, fig. 6, 6 bis. 
Bulimus albicolor More.et, Sér. Conch., vol. 3, 1863, p. 199, pl. 9, fig. 9. 

This species was the most abundant of those collected, comprising 
the axially streaked (cereicola), the spirally banded (lesweurianus), 
and the plain whitish (albicolor); with the umbilicus varying from 
wide to entirely closed. The typical color form with the base dark 
colored and the portion above the periphery axially streaked, does 
not happen to occur in Doctor Bingham’s collection. The color of 
the nucleus varies from pale to dark horn color or pink and even dark 


180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


livid brown. The umbilicus varies as above stated, the color varia- 
tions are from pale unicolorate to profusely brown axially streaked 
or with two dark spiral bands, of which one is above the periphery 
and the other below it, the latter bemg covered by the advancing 
whorl. The form is quite constant, being rather elongate and atten- 
uate toward both ends. The B. stenacme Pfeiffer, B. reconditus and 
nigropileatus Reeve, are all of a more conical type, with a broader 
not attenuate last whorl, and while doubtless to be united with each 
other under the earliest name, are, so far as my material permits me 
to judge, better kept separate from the present group as Morelet 
proposed. 

The species is reported on Angrand’s authority as living on cacti 
of the genus Cereus, in the interior of the sierra west of Cuzco, in the 
valleys of Abancay and Acostambo, and is doubtless widely dis- 
tributed. 

U.S. Nat. Mus..No. 209269. 


BULIMULUS (LISSOACME) BINGHAMI, new species. 


Shell stout, wide, conic, with a smooth nucleus of about two whorls 
and four subsequent whorls; for somewhat over two whorls the young 
shell has a prominent keel against which the suture 
is closely appressed, so that the presence of the keel 
requires close examination to recognize; a little be- 
yond the end of the second whorl the keel disappears 
below the suture, and only very obscure traces of it 
remain on the last whorl; the spire as a whole is con- 
vexly conic, the separate whorls project but little; 
the last whorl rapidly enlarges with a rounded 
ee eo ncuetetes periphery, evenly rounded into a wide subcylindric 

eats umbilicus ; sculpture of well marked retractively 
arcuate wrinkles, with subequal interspaces obsoletely spirally striate ; 
the sculpture is most obvious on the spire and on the part of the last 
whorl behind the periphery; toward the aperture the whorl descends 
a little below the periphery; the well-reflected outer lip bends mark- 
edly toward the posterior end of the pillar lip, and the two are jomed 
by a thin glaze over the body; the pillar lip is very broad and thin, 
half obscuring the umbilicus; the pillar is straight without any twist 
‘or fold; the color of the shell is yellowish white, with more or less 
distinct pale brownish spiral lines or narrow bands; the lip is whitish, 
the interior of the aperture pale yellowish-brown; the nucleus is 
slightly mammillary. Height of shell, 36; of last whorl, 19; of 
aperture (vertical), 13; maximum diameter of shell, 20; of aperture, 





11: 0f umbilicus, 2.5 mm. 
Collected from cacti on the banks of the Rio Pampas, Peru, by Dr. 
Hiram Bingham. 


No. 1736. SOME LAND SHELLS FROM PBRU—DALL. ist 


This species might be assigned either to the group of B. reentzi 
Philippi or B. derelictus Broderip, but differs in specific characters 
from either of the known species assigned to these groups. I have 
much pleasure in naming it after the collector. 

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 209270. 





BULIMULUS (LISSOACME) PTYALUM, new species. 


Shell plump, conic, with a mammillary smooth brown nucleus and 
a generally bluish white color with sparse irregularly distributed black 
dots; nucleus with two and a half translucent whorls 
and an apical dimple; subsequent whorls feebly 
rounded, with an appressed suture which is in the 
earlier whorls laid against a peripheral angle of which 
there is no trace in the later ones; sculpture of fine 
feeble retractive flexuous wrinkles, usually with nar- 
rower interspaces, becoming obsolete on the last 
whorl, and crossed by fine feeble spiral striation, most 





evident in the interspaces on the earlier whorls; last) ic.3—Butmotus 
whorl somewhat produced, moderately rounded, and oe a 
curving roundly into a deep subeylindrie umbilicus ; oi. 
aperture semilunate, the basal and outer margins paler, reflected ; 
interior and pillar dark brownish; the lips approach each other on 
the body, the outer one hardly descending, the inner one wide, hardly 
reflected over the umbilicus; pillar without twist or fold. Height 
of shell 25; of last worl 18; of aperture 8.5; of umbilicus 1.7 mm. 

On cacti and mimosa on the banks of the Rio Pampas, Peru, 
collected by Doctor Bingham. 

This species evidently belongs to the same group as the last, though 
specifically distinct. It has some resemblance to the B. rhodolarynz 
of Reeve (placed by Pilsbry provisionally in the genus Neopetreus) 
but is a much smaller shell, with more ovoid and less protracted aper- 
ture. ° 
Type.-—U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 209271. 


CLAUSILIA (NENIA) PAMPASENSIS Pilsbry, new species. 


The shell is slender, fusiform, somewhat attenuated at the apex, 
lustreless, gray-white over a dull brown surface, visible where the 
outer sculptured layer is rubbed off. Seulpture of very fine and close, 
unequal and uneven striz in the direction of growth lines. In places 
they are discontinuous, forming long, lanceolate granules. This white 
striate layer is worn off on the ventral side of each whorl. Whorls 124, 
the first two brown and glossy. To the fourth or fifth whorl the 
diameter scarcely increases; then the whorls increase slowly in diam- 
eter to the penultimate which is widest, and, like those preceding, is 
moderately convex. The last whorl is flattened, tapers toward the 
base, and finally becomes free, descending more rapidly to the 


182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


aperture, which stands forward about 1 mm. The neck is deeply 
grooved above the suture. The aperture is slightly oblique, rounded- 
ovate, with continuous, reflected, pale brownish peristome. The 
superior lamella is acute, concave on the left side, continuous with the 
spiral lamella, which is low and short, running inward to 
a dorsal position. The inferior lamella is immersed, 
barely visible in a front view. It ascends in a long 
sigmoid curve, and is somewhat thickened within. 
The subcolumellar lamella is wholly immersed. The 
principal plica is high, dorsal, and less than a half 
whorl long. The lamella is low and lunate. 

Length 20.1, diameter 3.9 mm.; longest axis aperture 
3.8, width 3 mm. The clausilium is evenly curved, 
slightly twisted spirally, the distal half tapering to the 
obtuse, thickened apex. 

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 209272. 

By its sculpture this species resembles C. pilsbryi 
Sykes and C. chacaensis Lubomirski, but in those the 
strize are more distinctly interrupted and finer. It 
ric. 4 Craven iffers from both by its short aperture, proportioned 

(venta) pampa- more as in (. epitonium; both of the other species 

Se ore named having the aperture conspicuously lengthened. 
The distinct attenuation of the earlier whorls is a further distinctiv« 
feature of the new form. 

The latest list of South American Clausiliz * enumerates 37 species. 
A few species described since that time, together with some omitted, 
brings the number up to about 45 species, exclusive of those Clausi- - 
liide belonging to the genus Temesa. (H. A. P.) 





ak. R. Sykes, Journ. Malac., vol. 5, 1896, p. 57. 


FRESH-WATER SPONGES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.—PART III. DE- 
SCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF SPONGILLA FROM 
CHINA. : 


By NELtson ANNANDALR, 


Superintendent of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 


Among the specimens of fresh-water sponges that the authorities 
of the U.S. National Museum have been kind enough to send me for 
examination recently there are several small fragments labeled 
‘Found on rocks in the canal. From N. Gist Gee, Su-chau [southern 
Kiang Su, near Shanghai], China.”’ So far as I am aware, no fresh- 
- water sponge has as yet been described from China, although I have 
recently received specimens, unfortunately not determinable, from 
Mr. J. Coggin Brown, of the Geological Survey of India, who col- 
lected them in Lake Tali Fu in Yunnan. The specimens from 
Su-chau apparently represent a new species of the genus Spongilla 
and the subgenus Stratospongilla, which is here described as— 


SPONGILLA (STRATOSPONGILLA) SINENSIS, new species. 


Sponge consisting of a flat layer some 4 mm. thick, with short 
cylindrical upright branches; its color (dry) dirty white; the oscula 
small but clearly defined. 

Skeleton compact, reticulate but not very coherent, little spongin 
being present; the meshes tending to be polygonal, but neither the 
radiating nor the transverse fibers very clearly defined. 

Spicules smooth, slender, short, somewhat abruptly pointed; the 
gemmule spicules resembling the skeleton spicules except in their 
smaller size. No flesh spicules. 

Gemmules numerous, small, massed together at the base of the 
sponge, each with a thick outer chitinous coat full of dark granules; 
the gemmule spicules lying in this coat parallel or nearly parallel to 
the inner wall of the gemmule. No foraminal tubule. 


mm. 


eneth- Of skeleton SPICULES: cco. - asin Janie owinie's odie sve see's oes ae oe 0. 1740-0. 2160 
Greatest diameter of skeleton spicules..........--.------------------- 0. 0103-0. 0125 
engtinol gemmiule spicules... ...-2.-..<..ses0 2s. sete doe seeds ee: 0. 0750-0. 0910 
Greatest diameter of gemmule spicules..........-...----------------- 0. 0052-0. 0083 


This sponge appears to be allied to S. aspinosa Potts, from which 
it differs in its compact structure and lack of flesh spicules. 
Ty pe-specimen.—Cat. No. 8266, U.S.N.M. 





PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuUM VOL. 38—No. 1737. 





A REVISION OF THE FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE GENUS 
NAGEIOPSIS OF FONTAINE. 


By Epwarp W. Berry, 
Of the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. 


In the elaboration of the Potomac flora of Maryland for the pro- 
posed monograph of the Maryland Geological Survey it has been 
found necessary to reexamine all of the Virginia material and in 
many cases to recast certain of the larger genera where the limits 
have been found to be vague. That the multiplication of species 
in the past has been much greater than the facts warranted has long 
been suspected, and several writers, notably Seward, have voiced 
this view. A careful study only serves to emphasize this opinion, 
and it is proposed to publish several of these systematic revisions 
as fast as they are prepared, since the proposed monograph deals 
mainly with species known to occur in Maryland. Furthermore, 
the Patuxent formation, the basal member of the Potomac group, 
is extremely deficient in plant remains in the Maryland area, while 
a representative flora is present at this horizon in Virginia, so that 
generic revisions lack balance unless the full data which form the 
foundation of the new interpretations are given. 

The writer has had the advantage of studying at one time all of 
the specimens collected by Fontaine, Ward, Bibbins, and others, 
and this method has served to disclose certain errors of identifica- 
tion which resulted from the method of the former, who worked over 
a long period of years upon collections from a large number of locali- 
ties and without the various types at hand for comparison. The 
writer is under obligations to the U.S. National Museum, where all 
of the Potomac types are lodged, for many courtesies, and he also 
eratefully acknowledges the constant advice and criticism of Dr. 
F. H. Knowlton. 

The first genus to be considered is Nageiopsis, which was founded 
by Fontaine in 1890, for forms apparently allied to the modern 
species which make up the Nageia section of the genus Podocarpus. 
He characterizes Nageiopsis as follows: 

Trees or shrubs with leaves and branches spreading in one plane; leaves varying 
much in size and shape, those toward the base of the twigs sometimes smaller than 
those higher up, distichous mostly, or rarely subdistichous, opposite and persistent, 





PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1738. 


186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vo. 38, 


attached by a short slightly twisted footstalk, usually to the side of the twig, more 
rarely slightly within the margin on the upper or under surface of the stem, either 
attenuated toward the base or abruptly rounded off there, at their ends acute or sub- 
acute; nerves several, coalescing at base to form a footstalk, forking immediately at 
the base or a short distance above, then approximately parallel to near the tips of the 
leaves, where they are somewhat crowded together, but do not converge to a union, 
ending in or near the extremity. 


The diagnostic characters which deserve emphasis are the branch- 
ing habit, the persistent leaves, and the parallel veins which do not 
converge to any great extent in the apex of the leaf. These all 


serve to distinguish the species of Nageiopsis from the cycadaceous . 


fronds or leaflets, with which they are most likely to be confused. 
The genus Podozamites, for example, which is supposed to be Cyca- 
dean, although Seward suggests that it may be Araucarian, is very 
similar in appearance, so similar in fact that Professor Fontaine 
included a number of Podozamites leaflets in his various species of 
Nageiopsis. But Podozamites is usually represented by detached 
leaves, hence it was deciduous in habit; the fronds are not known to 
branch, and this is not only a distinguishing character but an argu- 
ment against an Araucarian affinity; finally, the veins converge, 
more or less, apically. 

Throughout the whole order Coniferales the phyllotaxy is as a rule 
spiral, more rarely it is cyclic in character. A true distichous or two 
ranked arrangement is unknown, although a great many conifers 
with a spiral phyllotaxy are markedly distichous in habit, as for 
example, Taxodium, Araucaria, Tumion, Taxus, etc. It seems prob- 
able that Nageiopsis was no exception to the general rule; in fact 
some specimens show leaves inserted on all four sides of the stem. 
More often, however, the exact method of attachment is obscured, 
but the more or less twisted base argues strongly for a spiral phyl- 
lotaxy. A distichous habit is strongly emphasized in fossil impres- 
sions which have been subjected to more or less compression, just as 
it is in the case of pressed herbarium specimens. 

There is a suggestion in some specimens of Nageiopsis that the 
base was markedly decurrent as in the modern Araucaria bidwilli. 
This is furnished by the extraordinarily large size of some of the 
stems, which are irregularly expanded and contracted as if certain 
of the decurrent leaf bases had been spread out somewhat in the 
flattening which accompanied fossilization. This feature is especially 
well shown in the portion of the specimen of Nageiopsis zamioides 
figured (fig. 1). The stem is broad at the base, giving off on either 
side subopposite leaves with apparently sheathing decurrent bases. 
Above their insertion the stem is considerably narrowed, passing 
to a portion obscurely preserved. Above this point it is at least 
twice as broad, contracting to form the narrow base of the right-hand 
leaf, while just above the main stem is continued as a much narrowed 


| 


. 


No.1738. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE GRNUS NAGEIOPSIS—BERRY. 187 





twig, the eat leaf above, het on the left, having its a ase concealed 
behind the twig. In no instance is the preservation as good as could 
be desired, so that the question can not be definitely settled, but such 
examples as that figured go a long way toward proving that at least 
some of the forms referred to Nageiopsis had strongly decurrent 
leaves and a spiral phyllotaxy. Similar features are shown in some 
of the specimens of Nageiopsis angustifolia and are indicated in the 
latest published figures of this species.“ 

Fourteen supposed species have been described from the Potomac 
group, an additional one from the Kootanie, and Professor Seward 
recognizes a species in the English Wealden and doubtfully records 
a representative from the inferior Oolite of Yorkshire. The genus is 
also possibly represented in the Neocomian of Japan by specimens 
which have been identified as Podozamites, but this is far from being 
demonstrable. 

The Potomac species, excluding those fragmentary species which 
are not here recognized as related to Nageiopsis, fall naturally into 
three species characterized, respec- 
tively, by the possession of very 
long linear leaves, very narrow 
lanceolate leaves and ovate-lance- 
olate leaves. 

They are especially characteristic 
of the Patuxent formation, in fact 
the bulk of the unequivocal mate- 





: i : FIG. 1.—FRAGMENT OF A TWIG OF NAGEIOPOSIS 
rial comes from the single locality ZAMIOIDES SHOWING INDICATIONS OF DECURRENT 


LEAVES AND A SPIRAL PHYLLOTAXY. NATURAL 


a ee ; Toes eee ml a 
at Fredericksburg, \ Irsinta.. I hey SIZE, BUT SOMEWHAT EXAGGERATED. 
evidently survived the close of the 


Patuxent, however, characteristic specimens of Nageiopsis augusti- 


folia occurring in the lower beds at Federal Hill in Maryland, and at 


various Patapsco outcrops in Virginia. 

Regarding the botanical affinity of Nageiopsis, Professor Fontaine 
has repeatedly pointed out its striking resemblance to Podocarpus. 
While admitting this resemblance both Nathorst and Seward have 
suggested Araucaria for comparison.” Although there is, for exam- 
ple, considerable similarity between Nageiopsis zamioides and Arau- 
caria bidwilli, where in the genus Araucaria is there an analogue of 
Nageiopsis longifolia? In addition the Araucariex have their leaves 
much crowded and the phyllotaxy is spiral while in Nageiopsis the 
leaves are much more remote and the evidence for a spiral phyllotaxy 
is not entirely conclusive although probable. Araucaria has mark- 
edly decurrent leaves and this character also can not be demonstrated 


@ Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1906, pl. 117, figs. 4, 5. 
6 This is probably the true affinity of Seward’s Lower Oolite Nageiopsis. Jurassic 
Flora, pt. 1, 1900, p. 288, pl. 51 


188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. _ vou. 38. 





for Nagevopsis although, as the writer shows elsewhere in this paper, 
there is some evidence for both this and the preceding character in 
some of the specimens. ‘Taking into account all of the facts obtain- 
able, however, the reference of Nageiopsis to the Podocarpex seems 
reasonably well established, at least the facts at our command do not 
warrant our making any changes at the present time although the 
possibility of Nageiopsis being related to the abundant Mesozoic 
Araucariex should not be lost sight of. 

The existing species of Podocarpus comprise about two score forms 
and they are as dominant representatives of the Coniferales in the 
Southern Hemisphere as are the pines in the Northern. They extend 
northward to China and Japan through the East Indian region and 
have representatives in all three of the great southern land masses. 
This peculiar distribution in itself may be considered as an indication 
of an extensive geological history, although the records of this his- 
tory are not nearly as complete as they are for many other genera. 
To summarize briefly there are fifteen or more described species coming 
chiefly from the European Tertiary and one of these has been doubt- 
fully recognized by Lesquereux in this country at Florissant, Colorado. 
The extra-American distribution includes Eocene species in England, 
Scotland, France, Italy, and Australia; Oligocene species in France, 
Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Styria, Tyrol, and Greece; Miocene 
species in France, Styria, and Croatia; and Pliocene species in Italy. 
The descendants of Nageiopsis have not, however, been recognized in 
later American deposits. 

The comparison of Nageiopsis with Podocarpus is more especially 
with the section Nageia, one of the four sections into which Eichler @ 
divides Podocarpus. Nageia, formerly regarded as a distinct genus, 
has a broad form, numerous parallel veins, and lacks a midrib, the 
latter being present in the other three sections of the genus. It may 
be questioned whether the reduction of Gaertner’s genus to a section 
of Podocarpus 1/Herétier, as clearly expresses the natural facts as 
they would be emphasized by its retention as a distinct genus. 
Nageia has about a dozen species ranging from Japan southward to 
the East Indies and New Caledonia. 

It has seemed wiser in considering detached and fragmentary leaves 
such as are those specimens which have been referred to Nageiopsis 
from the Shasta, Lakota, and Kootanie formations to fully indicate 
their extremely doubtful character. Likewise in regard to the 
affinity of some of the fragmentary detached specimens of Nageiopsis, 
so called, from higher horizons in the Potomac group in cases where 
there is absolutely no evidence that they are so related they have been 
referred to Podozamites or Zamites, genera broad enough to include 
them without the implications and the contravention of the generic 
diagnosis which would be involved in retaining them in Nageiopsis. 





@ In Engler and Prantl. 


No. 1738. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE. GENUS NAGEIOPSIS—BERRY. 189 


NAGEIOPSIS LONGIFOLIA Fontaine. 
Nageiopsis longifolia FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 
195, pl. 75, fig. 1; pl. 76, figs. 2-6; pl. 77, figs. 1, 2; pl. 78, figs. 1-5; pl. 79, 
fig. 7; pl. 85, figs. 1, 2, 8, 9.—? Fonraine, in Diller and Stanton, Bull. Geol. 
Soc. Amer., vol. 5, 1894, p. 450.—? Fonraing, in Stanton, Bull. 133, U.S. 
Geol. Surv., 1896, p. 15.—Fonrarng, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 
No. 48, 1905, pp. 259, 311, 484, 491, 510, 528, 548, 557; pl. 68, figs. 9-12; 
pl. 73, fig. 9 (not pl. 45, figs. 1-5).—? Know tron, in Diller, Bull. Geol. 
Soc. Amer., vol. 19, 1908, p. 386. 

Angiopteridium strictinerve FONTAINE ? in Diller and Stanton, Bull. Geol. Soc. 
Amer., vol. 5, 1894, p. 450.—FonrTalINE, in Stanton, Bull. 133, U. 8S. Geol. 
Surv., 1896, p. 15. 

Nageiopsis crassicaulis FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1899, p. 
198, pl. 79, figs. 2, 6; pl. 82, fig. 1; pl. 84, figs. 3, 9, LL. 

Description.—Branching leafy twigs of large size, stout and thick, 
apparently branched in approximately one plane. Leaves linear- 
lanceolate, often slightly curved, somewhat inequilaterally narrowed 
into a short slightly twisted petiole; above gradually narrowed to 
the acute or subacute tip. Length, 8 to 20 cm.; width, 5 mm. to 
1.3 em. The leaves are not crowded and usually appear opposite 
or subopposite, as if inserted on the lateral margins of the stem, 
although at times they seem to be attached to its upper or lower 
side. As previously remarked, none of the material is conclusive 
in regard to the phyllotaxy. Veins nine to twelve in number, 
usually ten, forking only at the base and running parallel until 
they abut against the leaf margin, about 0.7 mm. apart, somewhat 
coarser in caliber than in the other members of the genus, distinct 
on both surfaces of the lamina and apparently not immersed. Leaf 
substance not coriaceous. 

This species is quite distinct from its congeners, and the great 
development of its evergreen foliage must have rendered it a most 
striking object in life. 

Included under this species are the few and rather poor remains 
upon which Fontaine founded Nageiopsis crassicaulis. All but one 
of the specimens which that author so names are fragments of de- 
tached leaflets, somewhat shorter and broader than the typical 
leaves of Nageiopsis longifolia, but absolutely uncharacteristic and 
incapable of identification. The specimen with leaves attached is 
obviously a poorly preserved fragment of a twig of Nagevopsis 
longifolia. 

This species occurs abundantly in characteristic and fine specimens 
at Fredericksburg. It has also been recorded from a large number 





a Trites alaskana Lesquereux is made a synonym of this species in Monograph 48. 
According to the principles so often set forth by Professor Ward, this species should 
be renamed if Jrites alaskana is included in it, since the latter was published three 
years before Nageiopsis longifolia. As the Alaska remains are not those of a Nagei- 
opsis this name Is omitted from the synonymy. 


190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





of localities in Virginia and Maryland, mostly as detached specimens, 
generally with the base and apex missing, so that the record of its 
range is somewhat unreliable, nor can it be otherwise from the 
nature of the material. These doubtful occurrences are indicated by 
a query in the table of distribution. 

Professor Fontaine has recorded this species from Cape Lisburne, 
Alaska; from several Californian localities referred to the Shasta 
group; from the Kootaine formation at Geyser, Montana, and from 
the Lakota formation in the Western Black Hills, at Barrett, Wyo- 
ming. Referring to these very briefly, it may be said that the 
Alaska locality is much older than any of the others, and the fossils 


referred to this species, previously identified by Lesquereux as ~ 


rites alaskana Lesquereux and Baiera palmata Heer, are entirely 
uncharacteristic, and, in the writer’s judgment, are in nowise related 
to Nageiwpsis. The Shasta records are based entirely on small 
fragments, which show only the middle portion of leaves and often 
lack the venation. The following quotation from Fontaine’s report 
(1905, p. 259) sufficiently indicates their reliability: ‘‘The presence 
of .V. longifolia in the flora of the Shasta formation can not be posi- 
tively determined from the specimens found.” 

The Kootaine record is lkewise extremely doubtful, and is based 
on five or six fragments from Geyser which are unattached and show 
neither bases nor tips. The specimens reported from the Lakota 
formation are also all fragmentary and uncharacteristic, and while 
we would expect to find this species in the west, the nature of the 
remains thus far collected scarcely justifies the identifications which 
have been based upon them, and as furnishing facts for stratigraphic 
correlation they are absolutely valueless. 

Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION. Dutch Gap, Kankeys, Cock- 
pit Point, Telegraph station (Lorton), Virginia. ARUNDEL FORMA- 
TION. Langdon, District of Columbia. PATAPSCOFORMATION. Near 
Brooke, Mount Vernon, Deep Bottom (?), Chinkapin Hollow (4%), 
Virginia; Fort Foote, Federal Hill, Vinegar Hill (?), Maryland. 
(?) Lakora FORMATION. Barrett, cliff on north side of valley of South 
Fork of Hay Creek, Wyoming. (?) KooTaAINE FORMATION. Geyser, 
Montana. (7?) SHASTA FORMATION. Knoxville and Horsetown beds, 
Tehama County, California. 





NAGEIOPSIS ANGUSTIFOLIA Fontaine. 
Nageiopsis angustifolia FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 202, 
pl. 86, figs. 8, 9; pl. 87, figs. 2-6; pl. 88, figs. 1, 3, 4, 6-8; pl. 89, fig. 2.—Fon- 
TAINE, in Ward, 19th Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv., pt. 2, 1899, p. 684, pl. 
168, fig. 7.—FoNnTAINE, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1905, 
pp. 219, 491, 516, 528, 560, pl. 117, figs. 4, 5. 
Description.—Much branched stems, of comparatively large caliber. 
Leaves variable in size, becoming smaller on ultimate twigs, but con- 


No. 1738. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE GENUS NAGEIOPSIS—BERRY. 191 


stant in their proportions; very long and narrow, linear-lanceolate, 
sometimes somewhat falcate, acute, averaging about 3 mm. in width, 
in some instances only 1.5 mm. wide, greatest width observed 4 mm.; 
length 2 to 7 cm., averaging about 5 cm.; veins of fine caliber, gen- 
erally eight in number, sometimes observed to fork at the base. An 
abundant species suggestive of Cephalotaxopsis in general appearance, 
but perfectly distinct and easily distinguished by the stomatal 
grooves of the latter. 

Occurrence. PATUXENT FORMATION. Fredericksburg, near Dutch 
Gap, near Potomac Run, Virginia; Sixteenth street, District of Co- 
lumbia. ARUNDEL FORMATION. Bay View, Maryland. Parapsco 
FORMATION. Near Brooke, Mount Vernon, Virginia; Federal Hill, 
Fort Foote, Fort Washington (?), Maryland. (?) LAkoTa FORMA- 
TION. Barrett, Crook County, Wyoming. (¢) SHASTA FORMATION. 

NAGEIOPSIS ZAMIOIDES Fontaine. 

Nageiopsis zamioides FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 196, 
pl. 79, figs. 1, 3; pl. 80, figs. 1, 2, 4; pl. 81, figs. 1-6.—Fonraing, in Ward, 
Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1905, pp. 510, 521, 528, 545. 

Nageiopsis recurvata FoNTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 197, 
pl. 75, fig. 2; pl. 79, fig. 4; pl. 80, fig. 3. 

Nageiopsis decrescens FonvAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 199, 
pl. 77, fig. 3. 

Nageiopsis ovata Fontaine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 199, pl. 
77, fig. 4; pl. 80, fig. 5. 

Nageiopsis heterophylla Fontainr, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Suryv., No. 15, 1890, p. 201, 
pl. 84, fig. 4; pl. 86, figs. 6, 7; pl. 88, figs. 2, 5-—-FonvTatng, in Ward, Monogr. 
U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1905, pp. 219 (2), 483, 520, 548, 561, pl. 117, fig. 6. 

Nageiopsis microphylla FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 201, 
pl. 84, fig. 6; pl. 85, fig. 14; pl. 86, figs. 1-3, 5.—Fonraine, in Ward, Monogr, 
U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1905, p. 484. 

Nageiopsis cf. N. heterophylla Fontaine, Seward, Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, 
p. 211, pl. 12, fig. 3. 

Description.— Leaves ovate-lanceolate, proportionately shorter and 
wider than in NV. angustifolia and much shorter and more rounded in 
outline than in NV. longifolia, broadest toward the rounded base, the 
maximum width observed being 1.5 cm., although the average width 
is much less and may be put at 1 cm. or slightly less; very variable in 
size, tip generally acute, although an occasional specimen may be 
obtuse. The greatest length observed is 8 cm., but the average length 
is much -less than this, and may be placed at 3 cm. to 4 em. 
Occasional twigs like the solitary specimen described as NV. decres- 
cens or the specimens referred to N. microphylla may be much 
smaller than the above; the latter are, however, of the same gen- 
eral shape, while in the former case the fact that the larger leaves 
at the base of the specimen are replaced by very minute leaves indi- 
cates that the specimen is an abnormal twig. Veins fine in caliber, 
somewhat remote, generally six to nine in number, forking at the base 


192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 38, 


and diverging rapidly at first, then parallel until they abut upon the 
margin. 

While it might seem at first sight that too great a variety of leaf 
forms had been lumped under this specific name, the great variability 
of the leaves on single twigs should be kept in mind. The leaves in 
the type forms are commonly smallest toward the base of the twigs, 
as they are also in the N. ovata forms. In N. decrescens the basal 
leaves are one hundred percent longer than are the succeeding leaves. 
In the forms deseribed by Fontaine as NV. heterophylla the leaves are 
especially variable, some being identical with those he called JN. 
microphylla, while others are like those he calls N. decrescens, others 
still simulating his NV. ovata and N. zamioides with two or more of 
these types present on the same twigs. Others referred by him to 
NV. zamioides show an equally wide range of variation. I have figured 
(fie, 2) a specimen labeled N. zamioides which shows but five leaves, 

and includes leaves easily referable to his 


‘ep. ; species microphylla decrescens, ovata, heter- 
Miao, hah ophylla, and zamioides, leaving only his N. 
as » "4 recurvata to be accounted for. Since these 

Ny ba ay latter are detached, there is really no proof 
‘ that they are correctly identified. ‘They are, 
‘ew, 8 \ however, exactly like certain somewhat fal- 
“ - cate leaves of N. zamioides found on twigs 
: (> among normally straight leaves, so that 
ao 7 there is little doubt but that the Virginia 

Me 


specimens are referable to this species. The 
Fiq. 2, Twig or Nagxropsis zam- form identified as NV. recurvata from Vinegar 
lOIDES SHOWING VARIATION IN TTj]],/ Maryland, is different from the others 
FORM AND SIZE OF LEAVES. ; ‘ ” 
and is a Podozamites leaflet. Corroborate 
evidence is furnished by the similarity in venation characters and in 
the fact that all but one of the six so-called species, NV. decrescens, are 
from the single limited exposure at Fredericksburg, and this was 
deseribed from a near-by and probably synchronous outcrop and is 
really present at Fredericksburg attached to a twig labeled N. hetero- 
phylla. Four of them are again associated at the Dutch Gap locality. 
Again at Fredericksburg the typical zamioides of Fontaine are very 
abundant, while the variants which he described as separate species 
are represented in some cases by a single specimen, in others by but 
two or three specimens. I think a glance at the various figures in 
Fontaine’s monograph and a perusal of the accompanying descrip- 
tions will be convincing, and this is only emphasized by a consulta- 
tion of the specimens themselves, 
Compare, for example, fig. 5 of ovata with fig. 3 of zamiotdes and it will 
be seen that they might have been drawn from the same specimens. 
This is likewise true when the single specimen of NV. decresceus is 





No.1738. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE GENUS NAGEIOPSIS—BERRY. 198 


§) 


compared with fig. 3 and fig. 6 of NV. microphylla, and similar compar- 
isons can be made back and forth indefinitely. 

Seward ® describes and figures a few small fragments from the 
English Wealden at Hastings and Ecclesbourne, which he compares 
with NV. heterophylla Fontaine. The specimen figured shows well the 
branching habit, and as near as can be judged, is a species of Nagei- 
opsis. Since, however, the name JN. heterophylla Fontaine becomes a 
synonym of NV. zamioides Fontaine, the English fossils may be given 
the latter name without question, it seems to me. 

Occurrence. PATUXENT FORMATION. Fredericksburg, Dutch Gap, 
Cockpit Point, near Potomac Run, Virginia. ARUNDEL FORMATION. 
Langdon, District of Columbia; Bay View, Hobb’s Iron Mine (7%), 
Maryland. Patrarsco rorRMATION. Vinegar Hill, Overlook Inn 
Road, Maryland. (4%) Suasra rormMation. Tehama County, Cali- 
fornia. 

It remains to notice several forms described as species of Nageiopsis 
and which are obviously not related to that genus. The first to be 
considered is Nageiopsis acuminata Fontaine, founded on a single 
detached leaf from near Telegraph Station, Virginia. Professor Fon- 
taine’s figure is quite accurate in outline and the veins are very dis- 
tinct although he says ‘‘veins not seen;’’ they number about twenty 
and are thus more numerous than in Nageiopsis, besides being 
coarser and more distinctly immersed. This leaf appears to be 
identical with the leaflets of Podozamites acutifolius of the same 
author, some specimens of which have been found at this same 
locality. 

Another form, named N. subfalcata by Professor Fontaine, is also 
based on a single imperfect specimen which came from near Dutch 
Gap, Virginia. As figured and described it presents no characters 
by which it can be recognized and none which ally it with Nagetopsis. 
The writer has been unable to locate this specimen in the National 
Museum collections. Professor Fontaine says of it: ‘Its position is 
doubtful, and it may be a Sequoia, for the footstalks seem to be 
decurrent. They leave imprints on the stem resembling those of 
Sequoia.” It is extremely probable that this specimen should be 
referred to Sequoia, as Fontaine suggests. 


4 Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, p. 211, pl. 12, fi 


° 
g. J. 


Proc. N.M.vol.38—10——13 


194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


PODOZAMITES INZQUILATERALIS (Fontaine), new combination. 

Nageiopsis obtusifolia FoNTAINE,® Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 200, 
pl. 85, fig. 7.—Fonra1Nneg, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1906, 
p. 484. 

Nageiopsis inequilateralis FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 200, pl. 85, fig. 6. 

Nageiopsis montanensis FONTAINE, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 
1906, p. 312, pl. 73, fig. 7. 

The description of N. inequilateralis is an alliteration of that of 
the preceding NV. obtusifolia. It is based on a single specimen. 
Veins are twenty-two in number, much thicker than in Nageiopsis 
and like those in N. acuminata, which has already been referred to 
Podozamites. They converge toward the tip of the leaf, which is 
missing in the specimen. Leaf pedicellate at base. 

N. montanensis, from the Kootanie at Geyser, Montana, is based 
on a single detached leaflet with nineteen or twenty veins, convergent 
in the obtuse tip. There is absolutely no ground for including it in 
Nageiopsis. The inequilateralis specimen comes from Kankeys, 
Virginia, and obtusifolia was found near Potomac Run and at Cockpit 
Point, Virginia. 

These imperfect forms are suggestive of Podozamites affinis (Schenk) 
Schimper of the Wernsdorfer schichten, but are not representative 
enough for accurate comparison. 

Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION. Kankeys, Cockpit Point, 
near Potomac Run, Virginia. KOoTaANIE FORMATION. Geyser, Mon- 
tana. 

PHYLLITES LATIFOLIUS (Fontaine), new combination. 


Nageiopsis latifolia FoNTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 198, 
pl. 82, fig. 3.—FonrTa1Nneg, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1906, 
p. 260, pl. 68, fig. 13. 

Description.—‘‘ Leaves very broad and short, base and apex not 
seen; leaf-substance thin; shape of leaves probably broadly elliptical; 
nerves not fully disclosed, but probably branching near the base; 
they are then approximately parallel to near the apex, following the 
margins, and parallel.’ Fontaine, 1890. 

This species was based on several detached leaves, from near Dutch 
Gap Canal and Potomac Run, none of which show base, apex, general 
form, or method of attachment, the most complete one found being 
the one figured. They present no characters which ally them to 
Nageiopsis, from which they are excluded by their deciduous nature. 
The single specimen which Fontaine identifies as this species from 

a The specific name obtusifolia can not be used for a species of Podozamites, as there 
has been quasi use of this combination by Heer: Handl. Kéngl. Sven. Vet. Akad. 
(Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 4, pt. 1), 1876, p. 39, pl. 8, fig. 6. 


ee i ei 


Tare 


No.1738. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE GENUS NAGEIOPSIS—BERRY. 195 


the Shasta is equally unsatisfactory, and judging by the analogies 
furnished by the existing Podocarpex it seems extremely unlikely 
that conifers of the Nageiopsis type should have included such broad- 
leaved forms. 

They are possibly referable to some of the large-leaved Cycadacex 
of the Lower Cretaceous, Professor Fontaine suggesting their possible 
reference to Podozamites (cf. grandifolius Fontaine). They may also 
be compared to conifers of the Dammara type, but the material 
collected up to the present time is incapable of throwing any light on 
their true botanical affinity. 

Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION. Near Dutch Gap, near Poto- 
mac Run, Virginia. (?)SHASTA FORMATION. Near Riddles, Oregon. 





ON A COLLECTION OF TENTHREDINOIDEA FROM 
EASTERN CANADA. 


By S. A. Rouwer, 
Of the Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 


The following is a report of an interesting collection of Tenthre- 
dinoidea made mostly in the county of St. John, New Brunswick, by 
Mr. A. Gordon Leavitt, and sent to the U.S. National Museum. All 
the collection having been made in eastern Canada came from either 
the Canadian or Hudsonian Life Zone, and contains species found 
throughout these zones. Of the 22 genera all but 6 are Holarctic, and 
perhaps most of these occur in the Palearctic, but have not yet been 
recognized by European workers. 

Some of the generic names used in the following paper have not 
been used heretofore in connection with Nearctic species, and the 
conception of some of the genera is different from that usually held; 
but in all cases of inconsistency with the standard works an effort has 
been made to show that the present view is correct. All species 
referred to the following genera are believed to be congeneric with the 
type of each genus. 


family TENTHREDINID. 
Subfamily ARGIN A, 
Genus ARGE Schrank. 
ARGE BOREALIS (Kirby). 


Female, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 22. 
This specimen is somewhat paler than the type, but the structure 
is as described in my notes from the type in the British Museum. 


ARGE MACLEAYI (Leach). 


Female, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 24. 
Under this name there seems to be a number of distinct forms, but 
this specimen is typical. 





PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VOL. 38—N>. 1739. 
197 


198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 38. 


Subfamily NE MATIN 4. 
Genus PTERONUs Jurine: 

PTERONUS ANTENNATUS Marlatt. 

Female, Nerepis, New Brunswick, August 19. 
PTERONUS RUFOCINCTUS (Harrington). 


Female, St. John, New Brunswick, June 14. 
Only the three apical segments are black, and the insect is some- 
what smaller, but is undoubtedly Harrington’s species. 


PTERONUS OCHREATUS, new species. 


Belongs to the group of mendicus, but is distinct in the poorly 
defined ocellar basin, and characters in the saw. 

Female.—Length, 5.5 mm. Clypeus broadly, semicircularly emar- 
ginate; middle fovea small, nearly circular, and not very distinct; 
ocellar basin very poorly defined, better defined above; frontal crest 
broken by a very shallow depression; antennal fovee large and 
extending a little above the crest; furrow above anterior ocellus 
extending beyond the ocellar line; the interocellar furrow wanting; 
third and fourth antennal joints equal; stigma rather narrow, gently 
rounded, apex sharply rounded; third cubital but little wider at the 
apex; lower discal cell of hind wings a little shorter than the upper; 
sheath robust at base, sharply pointed at apex; saw stout at base, 
tapering to an acute tip, with sharp teeth both above and _ below. 
Reddish-yellow; interocellar area, elongate spots on lateral lobes, 
metanotum, basal plates and most of tergum black. Wings slightly 
yellowish hyaline, vitreous; venation brown, costa and stigma, 
except base, yellowish. Basal two joints of antenne and the third 
and fourth joints above brown, the rest of the antennz the color of 
the body. 

Ty pe-locality.—St. John, New Brunswick. One female collected 
on July 14 by Mr. A. G. Leavitt. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12922, U.S.N.M. 








Genus PONTANIA O. Costa. 


PONTANIA PUMILA, new species. 


Belongs to Group IL of Marlatt (Revision of Nematinsxe of North 
Amer-ca) and is related to kineaidi Marlatt, but is smaller, the ocellar 
basin is wanting, and there are other differences. 

Female.—Length 4 mm. Clypeus broadly, shallowly, semicircu- 
larly emarginate; supraclypeal area convex; antennal fovee angeled 
above; middle fovea rather shallow, elongate; ocellar basin wanting; 
interocellar furrow wanting; scutellar appendage dull, finely sculp- 


- 


No. 1739. SOME CANADIAN TENTHREDINOIDEA—ROHWER. 199 








tured; stigma rounded on the lower margin, broader a little basad of 
middle; upper discal cell a very little longer than lower; sheath 
straight above, rounded at apex beneath; saw hyaline, with poorly 
defined teeth and transverse ridges. Black; mandibles (apices 
piceous), labrum, apex of clypeus, angles of pronotum broadly, 
tegule, legs below middle of coxe, and venter of abdomen whitish or 
reddish-yellow. Wings hyaline; venation brown. 

Male.—Very like the female, but the clypeus is more deeply 
emarginate. The hypopygidium is long and narrowed at the apex, 
which is rounded. 

Type-locality..-St. John, New Brunswick. One female collected 
on July 14 by Mr. A. G. Leavitt. The male was collected by Mr. 
Leavitt, July 22, at Nerepis, New Brunswick. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12920, U.S.N.M. 





PONTANIA LEAVITTI, new species. 


Belongs to Group I of Marlatt and seems to be nearest to P. 
pallicomis (Norton), but differs in the structure of the sheath, 
clypeus, and dark orbits. 

lremale.— Length, 4.5 mm. Clypeus deeply angularly emarginate, 
lobes sharply triangular; supraclypeal area Strongly convex; middle 
fovea deep, rather large, circular; ocellar basin well defined, shining, 
hardly. punctured; interocellar furrow well defined; head rather 
coarsely granular; third and fourth antennal joints subequal; an- 
terior lobe of mesonotum rounded posteriorly, mesonotum dullish; 
scutellar appendage shining, highly polished; stigma gently rounded 
on lower margin; sheath broad at base, tapering above and below to 
an acute awl-lke tip, emarginate beneath; saw with small teeth 
above and below. Black; clypeus, labrum, mandibles (apices 
piceous) supraclypeal area, angles of pronotum, tegule, coxe, tro- 
chanters and anterior legs pallid; posterior orbits, posterior legs, and 
venter reddish-yellow. Wings hyaline, iridescent; venation dark 
brown, basal half of stigma pallid. 

Type-locality—Nerepis, New Brunswick. One female collected 
July 11 by A. G. Leavitt. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12921, U.S.N.M. 

Named in honor of Mr. A. Gordon Leavitt, who collected the 
material referred to in this paper. 


Genus PRISTIPHORA Latrielle. 


PRISTIPHORA IDIOTIFORMIS, new species. 





Kemale.—Length, 5 mm. Very like idiota Norton, as determined 


by Marlatt, but differs as follows: Stigma and venation dark brown: 
abdominal segments 2 to 7 reddish-yellow; scutellar appendage shin- 


a Rev. Nematinz of North America, Tech. Series No. 3, U.S. Dept. Agr., 1896. 





200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 38. 


ing, very finely sculptured, not distinctly granular; middle fovea 
more strongly defined but of the same type. 
Male.—The male differs from the male of idiota in same characters 
as the female, but as in idiota has the abdomen black. 
Type-locality.—Nerepis, New Brunswick. One female and two 
males, collected August 18 by Mr. A. G. Leavitt. 
Paratype-locality.— Red Head, St. John, New Brunswick. One 
male collected September 1 by Mr. A. G. Leavitt. 
Type.—Cat. No. 12923, U.S.N.M. 


PRISTIPHORA IDIOTA Norton. 
Male and female, Great Caribou Island, Labrador, July 27, 1906. 
PRISTIPHORA DYARI Marlatt. 


Female, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 24. 

This specimen differs from the type in having the upper part of 
the mesopleure and most of the anterior lobe of the mesonotum 
rufo-piceous. Structurally, however, it is the same. 

PRISTIPHORA PALLICOXA, new species. 
Related to P. banksi Marlatt, but has the legs and venter pale. 
Female.—Length 5mm. Antennal fovexr rather small, extending 


to about the middle of eves; middle fovea small and indistinct; walls 
of the ocellar basin wanting; postocellar area narrow, much wider 





than long, poorly defined on all sides; front coarsely, irregular granu- 
lar, posterior orbits finely so; third antennal joint distinetly longer 
than fourth; mesonotum finely sculptured, shining; scutellum longi- 
tudinally carimate; scutellar appendage shining, very finely sculp- 
tured; first transverse cubitus wanting; stigma broadest at base, 
gently tapering to apex; upper discal cell longer than lower; sheath 
broad at base, slightly concave above, apex rounded to meet the 
broadened base; cerci robust. Black; mandibles (apices piceous), 
palpi, labrum, apex of clypeus, angles of pronotum broadly, tegule, 
venter, legs, except the apices of hind femora and tibix whitish. 
Wings hyaline, iridescent; venation dark brown, except the pallid 
costa. 

Ty pe-locality.—Nerepis, New Brunswick. One female collected 
July 22 by Mr. A. G. Leavitt. 

Type. Cat. No. 12924, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CRYPTOCAMPUS Hartig. 
CRYPTOCAMPUS PALLISTIGMUS, new species. 


Related to (. brachycarpe Rohwer, but may be known by the 
rounded, not ridged, supraclypeal area, paler stigma, and more 
feebly tooth saw of the female. 


No.1739. SOME CANADIAN TENTHREDINOIDEA—ROHWER. ZOE 


Female.—Length 5 mm. Labrum strongly rounded at the apex; 
clypeus rather deeply semicircularly emarginate, lobes broadly tri- 
angular, rounded at the apex; supraclypeal area raised, rounded; 
middle fovea elongate, pointed toward the clypeus; antennal fovex 
large, uniting with the supraclypeal fover; antennal furrow nearly 
complete, narrow; ocellar basin well defined, though the ridges are 
not sharp; interocellar furrow poorly defined; crest broken although 
not strongly so; third antennal joint very little longer than fourth; 
scutellar appendage irregularly punctured; cerci of median length, 
tapering apically; sheath straight above, rounded below; teeth of 
saw very small and weak; stigma slightly broader at base, sharply 
rounded at apex. Black; mandibles (apices piceous), most of 
clypeus, labrum, supraclypeal area, inner orbits to antennx, posterior 
orbits to top of eyes (the orbits are dusky), legs (the tarsi dusky and 
femora brownish) reddish-yellow; extreme angles of pronotum and 
tevule pallid. Wings hyaline, iridescent; venation pale brown, 
stigma pallid. 

Male.—Leneth 4 mm. Differs from the female as follows: Third 
antennal joint slightly shorter than fourth, flagel pale beneath, and 
stigma dark brown. Hypopygidium pale and sharply pointed. 
The male is easily separated from brachycarpe by the pointed hypo- 
pygidium., 

Type-locality.—St. John, New Brunswick. Three females and two 
males collected July 18 by Mr. A. G. Leavitt. 

T'ype.—Cat. No. 12921, U.S.N.M. 





Subfamily FHNUSIN 2. 
Tribe FENUSINI. 
Genus FENUSA Leach. 


In 1817 Leach ® described the genus Menusa and named only 
Tenthredo (Emphytus) pumila Klug, which is therefore the type of 
the genus. In 1846 Tischbein ? in describing dohrnii referred it to a 
new genus Kaliosyphinga. Dohrnii is therefore the type of Kaliosy- 
phinga, the genus originally being monobasic.  Kaliosyphinga 
dohrnivi Tischbein and Tenthredo (Emphytus) pumila Klug are con- 
generic, so the genera are the same. /’enusa is the older name. 

Leach in the same paper® described the genus Messa and named 
only Tenthredo (Emphytus) hortulana Klug, which is therefore the 
type of the genus. Konow? does not include the genus Messa, but 
places its genotype in the genus /enusa and the genotype of Fenusa 
in the genus Kaliosyphinga. The genus Fenusa, as defined by 
Konow,? is Messa Leach, and Kaliosyphinga as treated by Konowé 
and from the original description, is /enusa Leach. 





4 Zool. Misc., vol. 3, p. 126, n. 4. ad Gen. Insect., 1905, fas. 29. 
6 Stettin Ent. Zeit., vol. 7, p. 79. éIdem, p. 89. 


¢ Zool. Misc., vol. 3, p. 126, n. 3, 1817. 


202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


FENUSA DOHRNI (Tischbein). 


Three females, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 22, 24. 
c ) 


Tribe SCOLIONEURINI. 
Genus POLYBATES MacGillivray. 


POLYBATES SECUNDUS, new species. 


Differs from P. slossone# MacGillivray in the circular (not elongate) 
middle fovea, the wings are more dusky and the stigma is shorter 
and angled at the base. . 

emale.—Length, 3 mm. Antennal fovexe large, sharply defined, 
not joining the small circular sharply defined lateral fovea; middle 
fovea small, circular, and well defined; supraclypeal area broadly 
rounded and spreading over the antenne in low, rounded ridges; 
postocellar area broader at the occiput; interocellar furrow straight, 
ocellar line equal to the ocellocular line; flagellum punctured, hairy, 
the. first joint a very little shorter than the second, the second and 
third equal; mesonotum with shallow, poorly defined punctures; 
legs and abdomen normal; saw of the same type as slossonx; stigma 
but little more than twice as long as its greatest width, broader and 
somewhat angled at the base. Black; abdomen piceous; all of legs 
pale yellow; wings distinctly dusky, venation dark brown. 

Ty pe-locality.—Red Head, St. John, New Brunswick. Two females 
collected by Mr. A. G. Leavitt, September 1, 1907. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12926, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PARABATES MacGillivray. 


PARABATES LEUCOSTOMUS, new species. 


Easily known by the white clypeus, labrum, mandibles and tegule. 

Female.—Length, 3 mm. Area around the antenne with small, 
irregular, poorly defined punctures; middle fovea rather large, 
circular and not sharply defined; antennal fovex not sharply defined 
and not joiming with the elongate lateral, frontal fovea; anterior 
ocellus at the apex of the flattened ocellar area; antennal furrows 
above the ocelli punctiform; interocellar furrow poorly defined; post 
ocellar line equal with the ocellocular line; third antennal joint about 
a third longer than the fourth, the fourth and fifth equal; stigma 
rounded on the lower margin, broadest in the middle; saw without 
strong teeth, the lower part with distinct ribs, upper part normal. 
Black; elypeus, labrum, basal half of mandibles, angles of pronotum 
and tegule white; legs below knees brownish white; wings dusky 
hyaline, iridescent; venation dark brown. 

7'ype-locality.—St. John, New Brunswick. One female collected 
July 11, by Mr. Av G. Leavitt. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12925, U.S.N.M. 


oe ee Sel 


No.1739. SOME CANADIAN TENTHREDINOIDEA—ROHWER. 203 


Subfamily SHLANDRIN_Z£. 


Genus ANEUGMENUS Hartig. 


Type.—Tenthredo (Emphytus) coronata Klug. 

This genus may be separated from Selandria Leach by the absence 
of a cephal-caudad suture on the upper part of the mesoepisternum, 
and by the anal cell of the hind wings being longer than the median 
on the median nervure. 


ANEUGMENUS FLAVIPES (Norton). 


Six females, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 18, 22; female, St. 
John’s Bay, July 18. 


Genus STRONGYLOGASTER Dahlbom. 
STRONGYLOGASTER TACITUS (Say). 
Two males, Nerepis, New Brunswick, August 9, 22. 
STRONGYLOGASTER SORICULATRIPES Cresson (not Provancher). 
Female, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 22. 
Subfamily HMPHY TIN 4. 
Genuws-BMPHYLUsS Klug. 
EMPHYTUS APERTUS Say. 
Female, Nerepis, New Brunswick, August 18. 
EMPHYTUS MELLIPES Norton. 
Two females, Nerepis, New Brunswick, August 18, 20. 
Genus ERMILIA O. Costa. 


=T/Typotacomus ASHMEAD, Can. Ent., p. 311, 1898. 


The type of Ermilia is Ermilia pulchella O. Costa which is con- 
specific with Tenthredo agrorum Fallén. In 1898 Ashmead® de- 
scribed the genus /Typotaxonus and named as the type Strongylogaster 
pallipes Say. Tenthredo agroum Fallén and Strongylogaster pallipes 
Say are congeneric so Hypotaronus Ashmead must be considered as 
a synonym of Krmilia O. Costa. 


ERMILIA PALLIPES (Say). 


Female, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 22. 





@Can. Ent., p. 311. 


204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Genus APHILODYCTIUM Ashmead. 
=Parataromus Mac GItuivray, Can. Ent., 1908, p. 367. 

Strongylogaster rubripes Cresson and Taxronus multicolor Norton 
are congeneric so Parataronus Mac Gillivray (1908) is a synonym of 
Aphilodyctium Ashmead (1898). 

APHILODYCTIUM MULTICOLOR (Norton). 
Four females, July 11, at St. John’s Bay, New Brunswick; female 
) “ ) J) ) 
Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 22. 
The first transverse cubitus is wanting in two of the specimens. 


Genus HEMITAXONUS Ashmead. 
HEMITAXONUS RUFOPECTUS, new species. 

Readily distinguished from either of the American species by its 
entirely different color, and long slender antenne. 

Female.—Length, 7.5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus 
gently, semicircularly emarginate, the lateral angles rounded; head 
below the crest and surface of the clypeus irregularly granular, the 
rest of the head and thorax shining, polished; ocellar basin nearly 
heart-shape, the anterior ocellus being in the smaller end; lateral 
frontal basins better defined than usual; post-ocellar area sharply 
defined all the way around; middle fovea elongate and nearly break- 
ing through the crest; antenne almost as long as the body, third 
joint slightly shorter than the fourth; legs and thorax normal; sheath 
rounded on the lower margin; third cubital cell slightly longer than 
the second, the transverse radius received near the apex. Black; 
clypeus, palpi, angles of the pronotum, tegule, basal fourth of the 
hind tibiz, and a band on the hind basitarsis white; most of meso 
pleure, pectus, three basal abdominal segments (not basal plates) 
rufo-ferruginous; femora, four anterior tibizw and tarsi except the 
paller color at. the joints ferruginous; wings hyaline, iridescent; vena- 
tion black. 

T'ype-locality.—Nerepis, New Brunswick. One female collected 
August 22 by Mr. A. G. Leavitt. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12928, U.S.N.M. 


HEMITAXONUS ALBIDOPICTUS (Norton). 





Male, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 11. 


Genus MONSOMA MacGillivray. 
MONSOMA MAURA, new species. 

Very like infernata (Norton), but the supraclypeal area is not 
sharply ridged, the female is colored like the male and the sculpture 
of the head is different. 

Female.—Length 6 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus triden- 
tate, the inner tooth smaller; head finely granular, the postocellar 





No.1739. SOME CANADIAN TENTHREDINOIDEA—ROH WER. 205 





area shining, with distinct punctures; supraclypeal area rounded, 
but not carinated; antennal furrows distinct, not curving so strongly 
to the orbits as in infernata; furrow from the anterior ocellus distinct, 
extending both above and below; postocellar furrow not sharply 
defined; third antennal joint distinctly longer than the fourth, fourth 
and fifth subequal; dorsulum and scutellum = shining, irregularly 
finely sculptured; scutellar appendage highly polished; first trans- 
verse cubitus wanting; sheath rather narrow, and sharply truncate 
at the apex. Black; most of the clypeus, labrum, angles of pronotum 
and tegule pallid; four anterior femora and tibe beneath and base 
of posterior tibiz dusky pallid; narrow apical margin of ventral seg- 
ments pale. Wings dusky-hyaline, iridescent; venation dark brown. 

Male.—Similar to the female; the clypeus is black and the apical 
margin almost truncate; the scutellar appendage is finely granular. 

Type-locality.—Nerepis, New Brunswick. One female collected 
July 18, by Mr. A. G. Leavitt. One male, which is described as the 
male, was collected July 14 at St. Johns Bay, New Brunswick, by 
Mr. A. G. Leavitt. 

Type.-—Cat. No. 12927, U.S.N.M. 





Genus MACREMPHYTUS MacGillivray. 


MACREMPHYTUS TARSATUS (Say). 
Female, St. John, New Brunswick, July 17. 


Genus DIMORPHOPTERYX Ashmead. 


DIMORPHOPTERYX MELANOGNATHUS, new species. 


Readily separated from D. pinguis (Norton) by the black labrum, 
mandibles, antenne and apex of abdomen. 

Female.—Length 7 mm. Emargination of the clypeus angular; 
front irregularly granular-punctate, behind the supraorbital line and 
posterior orbits are shining, with ill-defined punctures; antennal 
fovew large, extending above the middle of the eyes; ocellar basin 
well defined, but not sharply, joining with the middle fovea below; 
postocellar area convex; interocellar furrow wanting; first flagellar 
joint almost as long as second and third, the joints not so strongly 
constricted basally as in pinguis; mesonotum shining, with large 
punctures, the lateral lobes more sparsely so; pleurx as in pingwis; 
sheath very stout, obliquely truncate at the apex. Black; four basal 
abdominal segments, basal half (or more) of the posterior femora and 
tibiz rufo-ferruginous; four anterior legs and posterior tarsi reddish- 
white. Wings iridescent, hyaline, slightly dusky; venation dark 
brown. 

Ty pe-locality.—Nerepis, New Brunswick. One female collected 
July 22, by Mr. A. G. Leavitt. 

_ Type.—Cat. No. 12929, U.S.N.M. 


206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Genus STRONG YLOGASTEROIDEA Ashmead. 
STRONGYLOGASTEROIDEA TERMINALIS (Say). 
Female, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 11. 
Subfamily DOLERIN 24. 
Genus DOLERUS Jurine. 
DOLERUS APRILIS Norton. 


Many males and females, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 11, 22. 

The tegule in two of the specimens are ferruginous. The sculpture 
of the scutellar appendage varies in this lot and it may be that there 
is more than one form, however, they are all aprilis as understood by 
Norton. 

DOLERUS SIMILIS Norton. 


Nine females, July 22, 24. 

In these specimens the color of the pronotum and the anterior lobe 
of the mesonotum is subject to variation. The pronotum in some is 
very dark and the anterior lobe of the mesonotum rufo-ferruginous, 
or the pronotum may be rufo-ferruginous and the anterior lobe of the 
mesonotum mostly dark brown. 


Subfamily THNTHREDIN ™. 
Genus BIVENA MacGillivray. 


BIVENA DELTA (Provancher). 


Female, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 18. 


Genus PACHYPROTASIS Hartig. 


PACHYPROTASIS OMEGA Norton. 


Female, St. John, New Brunswick, July 14; male, Nerepis, New 
Brunswick, July 18. 

It has been suggested that this species is the same as the European 
rape Linneus, but as there seem to be differences in the hypopygi- 
dium, therefore it seems best to keep them separate until a complete 
revision of the genus is possible. There is also a probability that 
there is more than one species under the name omega. 

Genus MACROPHYA Dahlbom. 
MACROPHYA VARIA Norton. 

Two females, St. John, New Brunswick, June 14. 

These differ from Norton’s description in having the spot on the 
posterior cox white instead of rufous, and the basal plates are en- 
tirely black. 


- 
7 


No.1739. SOME CANADIAN TENTHREDINOIDEA—ROH WER. 207 


MACROPHYA TRISYLLABA Norton. 


Two females, St. John, New Brunswick, July 14; female Nerepis, 
New Brunswick, August 19. 

Under the name trisyllaba there seems to be more than one species, 
and the above specimens are not typical, but until the type has been : 
examined no satisfactory conclusion can be reached. 


MACROPHYA FLAVICOXZ Norton. 
Eight females, St. John, New Brunswick, June 14 to July 22. 
Genus LABIDIA Provancher. 
LABIDIA ORIGINALIS (Norton). 
Female, Cape Charles, Labrador, July 22. 
Genus ALLANTUS Jurine. 
ALLANTUS BASALARIS Say. 


Ten females, Nerepis, New Brunswick, August 9-19; two females, 
St. John, New Brunswick, September 9. 


Genus TENTHREDO Linnezus. 
TENTHREDO GRANDIS Norton. 
Female, Nerepis, New Brunswick, June 19. 
TENTHREDO SEMIRUBRA Norton. 


Male, Nerepis, New Brunswick, August 19. 

This species was described from females collected in Massachusetts, 
but the above male can well be referred to this species. Specimens 
of the same species have been collected at Florissant, Colorado. 


TENTHREDO LINEATA Provancher. 
Two females, St. John, New Brunswick, July 18. 
TENTHREDO MELLINA Norton 


Female, var. Nerepis, New Brunswick, August 18; male, var. 
Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 22. 
The male has the pleure and pectus yellow. 


TENTHREDO RUFOPECTUS Norton. 


Female, St. John, New Brunswick, June 14; female, Nerepis, New 
Brunswick, August 18. 


208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38: @ 





TENTHREDO RUFIPES Say. 


Three females, St. John, New Brunswick, July 14; three females, 
Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 22. 
These represent a variety with the tegulz and collar yellow. 


TENTHREDO DIVERSICEPS, new species. 


Very like Tenthredo titusi Rohwer and T. divergens Rohwer. The 
following characters separate it from divergens and many of them may 
be used in separating it from titusi: Markings white; posterior tibie 
black except basal half; pedicel twice as long as wide at apex; third 
antennal joint as in titusi; ocellar basin sharply defined and confluent 
with the middle fovea; hypopygidium obtusely pointed at apex, not 
broadly rounded. 

Type-locality.—Nerepis, New Brunswick. One male collected 
July 22, by Mr. A. G. Leavitt. At St. John, Mr. Leavitt collected a 
male which is referred to this species with doubt. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12930, U.S.N.M. 





TENTHREDO OBLIQUATUS MacGillivray. 
Seven males, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 18. 
TENTHREDO SEMICORNIS Harrington. 
Male, St. John, New Brunswick, July 14. 

TENTHREDO VERTICALIS Say. 
Two females, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 22. . 
TENTHREDO ANGULIFERA Norton. 

Female, Nerepis, New Brunswick, July 22. 
Subfamily CIMBICIN A&. 
Genus CIMBEX Oliver. 


CIMBEX AMERICANA Leach. 
Typical form.—Two males, St. John, New Brunswick, July 11, 14. 
Var. decemmaculatus Leach. Female, Nerepis, New Brunswick, 
August 9. 


i i 


Family CEPHID. 
Genus ADIRUS Konow. 
ADIRUS TRIMACULATUS (Say). 


Male, St. John, New Brunswick, July 14. 


No. 1739. SOME CANADIAN TENTHREDINOIDEA—ROH WER. 209 


Family SIRECID. 
Subfamily SIRECIN A. 
Genus SIREX Linnezeus. 


SIREX CRESSONI Norton. 


Female, Nerepis, New Brunswick, August is. 
In this specimen the antenn are nineteen-jointed and the apical 
joints are somewhat compressed. 


SIREX FLAVICORNIS Fabricius. 
Female, Hopedale, Labrador, August 1, 1908. 
Genus PAURURUS Konow. 
PAURURUS CYANEUS (Fabricius). 


Two females, St. John, New Brunswick, September 23 and Octo- 
ber 3. 
The specimen taken in October is noticeably smaller. 


Proc. N. M.vol.38—10——14 





ON THE ORIGIN OF CERTAIN TYPES OF CRINOID. STEMS. 


By Austin Hopart Ciark, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U. S. National Museum. 


In a recent number of the American Naturalist ® 1 brought forward 
what appears to me to be conclusive evidence of the very close rela- 
tionship between the Echinoidea and the Crinoidea, which two groups 
I placed, together with the Holothuroidea, in the new sub-phylum 
Echinodermata Heteroradiata in contradistinction to the Echinoder- 
mata Astroradiata, which comprises the Asteroidea and the Ophi- 
uroidea. The paper was necessarily short; only the major features 
of the interrelationships were considered, as in a dissertation of that 
character wealth of detail always means lack of strength; and many 
minor points connected with the homology in whole and in part 
between the urchins and the pelmatozoa yet remain to be elucidated. 
One of the most important of these minor considerations is the proba- 
ble relationship between the column of the crinoid and the central or 
sur-anal plate of the echinoid; how may one of these structures rea- 
sonably be derived from the other? and how may widely different 
types of columns such as those of /driocrinus, Phrynocrinus, Platy- 
crinus, Metacrinus, Holopus, Bathycrinus, Calamocrinus, ete., be 
logically reduced to a primitive Common ancestor ! 

First of all there is one feature which may, perhaps, require a word 
of explanation. I have homologized the column of the crinoid with 
the sur-anal plate of the urchins, and for this I have been criticized 
by my friend, Dr. Th. Mortensen, of Copenhagen, on the ground that 
the so-called “ Paleoechinoidea,”’ the oldest known echinoids, lack the 
sur-anal plate. I was aware of this fact at the time I wrote the paper, 
but it did not appear to me to have any weight whatever, for in the 
structure of the test the “ Palxoechinoidea”’ are in certain ways far 
more specialized than any recent species, and, as specialization is 
usually accompanied to a greater or lesser degree with the suppression 
of more or less fundamental primitive structures, I assumed that, 
although the sur-anal plate was usually retained in a more or less 
reduced form by all recent types, there was no reason for supposing 
that, were the recent genera to attain multicolumnar ambulacral and 


a Vol. 43, p. 682, November, 1909. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1740. 
Uh 


P19 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








interambulacral areas instead of their more primitive bicolumnar 
areas, such an advance would not be accompanied by the dwindling 
and disappearance of the sur-anal. Because the clavicles are small 
or entirely absent in the mostly extinct Ratite, while in all cases well- 
developed in the mainly recent Carinatx we can not pronounce them 
unessential features of vertebrate morphology. 

The common ancestor of the Heteroradiate Echinoderms was an 
unattached organism with a central dorsal plate surrounded by two, 
or possibly three, alternating circlets of plates. The Echinoidea, 
which have remained unattached, retain to-day the original arrange- 
ment in a slightly modified form; the Crinoidea, however, instead of 
maintaining a position in which the dorsal side is up and the mouth 
down, became inverted, so that the mouth and peristome is up and 
the dorsal side down. This brought the central plate into permanent 
contact with the sea floor, and, the central plate being a physiologi- 
‘ally inert skeletal structure, a calcareous element whose shape and 
thickness are in no way confined within narrow limits by physiolog- 
ical or mechanical limitations, it became attached to the sea floor 
by a simple increase in thickness. The facility with which organisms 
with calcareous skeletons become attached, even though belonging 
to normally free groups, is graphically illustrated by <dtheria, 
Miilleria, Spondylus, Ostrea, Balanus, and various other genera, the 
developmental stages of which show that the sessile mode of existence 
is of comparatively late phylogenetic inception. 

MacBride has observed that the larvee of Asterina gibbosa in the 
sarly stages of development attach themselves for a short time by 
the preoral lobe, and from this circumstance it has been argued that 
the ancestors of all echinoderms were attached. I quite fail to see 
the force of this reasoning; the larva of Asterina at the time of its 
short attachment is at a very young stage. The larve of echino- 
derms are creatures of a high state of specialization, a specialization 
along entirely different lines from that of the adults, fitting them for 
a radically different mode of existence; and it seems to me that the 
only logical course is to treat the larvee and the adults as different 
classes of animals, modified for an entirely different environment, 
sxach highly specialized in its own way. Thus I consider that the 
action of the Asterina larva is of interest only in comparison with 
other echinoderm larve of a corresponding stage of development, and 
is and can be of not the slightest significance as regards the adult 
life either of Asterina or of any other echinoderm; in other words, 
that, in general, echinoderm larve are only interesting or significant as 
echinoderm larve, and not as elucidating the phylogenetic path 
which has been traversed by the adults. For instance, the larve of 
Echinus are highly specialized pelagic plutei, those of Antedon almost 
annelidan in character and with a greatly reduced duration of free 


No. 1740. TYPES OF CRINOID STEMS—CLARK. O13 


existence; this would seem to indicate a great phylogenetic difference ; 
but the species of Antedon are of exceedingly limited distribution; 
those of Tropiomeira have a very wide distribution, necessitating a 


prolonged: free-swimming stage; are we justified in saying that the 
larvee of Tropiometra may not turn out to be plutei or something like 
them? Echinoderm larvee I consider to be in exactly the same cate- 
gory as arthropod larve, useful in some ways, highly deceptive in 
others. 

Attached by the central plate, our theoretical ancestral crinoid 
has two possible courses to follow: (1) It may increase the area of 
its attached base, or (2) it may increase its thickness, thus forming 
acolumn. In recent forms the first possibility is realized in the young 
of Holopus as figured by Mr. Agassiz; the base has spread out enor- 
mously, so that the animal presents a striking similarity to certain 
low species of Balanus, the ten arms being countersunk, as it were, 
in a depression at the apex of a broad low truncated cone. The see- 
ond possibility is exemplified among recent forms by the adult //olo- 
pus; the base, instead of further spreading out, gradually becomes 
elongated, so that the animal is raised up for a considerable distance 
on a thick stalk. I can see no other explanation of the origin of the 
base and the stalk in //olopus. 

Now, a stalk like that of Holopus is limited in its availability for 
elongation; if it should grow to more than three or four times as 
long as the minimum diameter, 1t would rapidly become exceedingly 
brittle and lable to fracture by the contact of the animal with other 
organisms, or even from the effects of wave motion. There are, 
again, two possible lines of development: (1) The animal may break 
off and thus secondarily become free, or (2) the column may break 
in so far as the calcareous substance is concerned, yet remain in con- 
tinuity through the organic base, thus developing an articulation 
which would admit of a very considerable additional elongation, at 
least double that of the original column. No recent crinoids are 
known in which the first lne of development obtains; but it is seen 
in the fossil Kdriocrinus. No crinoids are known in which the stem 
is composed simply of two columnars, as would be the case in the 
first stage of the second line of development. But suppose we carry 
this line further; we have a crinoid attached by a stalk in which an 
articulation has developed in the middle; such an articulation would 
of necessity develop a fuleral ridge running across the joint faces and 
embracing the central canal, admitting of motion in a single plane, 
perpendicular to that in which the original blow causing the fracture 
was received. Stem growth would continue; but, as new deposi- 
tion occurs only just under the calyx, only the outer columnar 
would increase in length. Soon the outer columnar would become 
so long as to become brittle, as did the original stem, and fracture 


214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





would again occur midway between the first articulation and the 
calyx. Now, this fracture would almost certainly differ from the 
original fracture in being formed at right angles to it; for any force 
exerted in the same plane as that which caused the original fracture 
would be taken up by the articulation which has formed; but, owing 
to the definite direction of, and close union along, the fuleral ridge, 
any force coming parallel to the fulcral ridge, that is, at right angles 
to the original force, would meet with resistance, as for a force ex- 
erted in this direction the original articulation would be practically 
nonexistent, and a second fracture would occur in the weakest spot, 
namely, halfway between the original articulation and the calyx, 
developing into a second articulation in which the fuleral ridge would 
run at right angles to the direction taken by that of the first. A 
still further increase in stem length would mean a progressive in- 
crease in the number of articulations, each of which would, in the 
direction taken by its fulcral ridge, alternate with those on either side; 
and thus would eventually be formed the primitive polycolumnar 
crinoid stem, a stem exactly comparable to the stem of Rhizocrinus, 
Bathycrinus, or the young of Antedon. 

Now, there is a definite limit to the possibilities of further growth 
in a stem composed of long columnars fastened end to end by alter- 
nating articulations consisting of two ligament masses separated by 
a fuleral ridge; if the animal remains small with a small light crown, 
such a stem may attain a length of one hundred or more columnars 
safely; but if the crown should become of large size and heavy, a stem 
of this type would not be able to support it; the growing tendency to 
“buckle” would therefore limit the available length of a stem of this 
nature. 

There are four possible ways of escape from such a calamity: (1) The 
stem may be discarded; (2) the individual columnars may become 
greatly shortened, the motion lost through the great diminution of the 
original beveling at the articulations being compensated by the greatly 
increased number of articulations in a given section of stem, and 
the columnars may become enlarged along these lines; (3) they may 
alter the direction of their fulcral ridges, so that, instead of each being 
at right angles to those preceding and succeeding, they may each lie 
at only a slight angle to the preceding (all diverging toward the same 
side), thus mutually bracing each other and attaining a collective 
rigidity like a pile of narrow boards built up spirally; or (4) the orig- 
inal fuleral ridge may disintegrate, each half breaking up longitudi- 
nally and spreading out fanlike, the two fanlike figures eventually 
uniting to form an articular surface composed of numerous uniform 
radiating lines. 

The Comatulida fulfill the conditions of the first possibility; before 
the animal is large enough to cause any danger of “buckling” the 
stem is discarded at the articulation between the topmost columnar 


No. 1740. TYPES OF CRINOID STEMS—CLARK. 215 


(which becomes the centro-dorsal) and the next following. Phryno- 
erinus is the only known instance of the second case. The curious 
fossil Platycrinus typifies the third. Among the recent forms //yo- 
crinus, Ptiloerinus, Calamocrinus, and the genera of Pentacrinitide 
are examples of the fourth. The change from the type of stem char- 
acteristic of the young of Antedon to that characteristic of Phryno- 
crinus may be traced step by step in the genus Rhizocrinus, beginning 
with FR. lofotensis and ending with the gigantic R. weberi, very near 
in stem structure, though vastly inferior in size of crown, to Phryno- 
erinus nudus. The transition from the primitive type of stem to 
the curiously twisted column of Platycrinus may be easily followed 
in a good series of the young of any species of that genus, or even in 
single specimens in which the young stem is preserved. I have 
observed the change from the Antedon-like young stem to the radially 
arranged adult stem in /socrinus, and have noticed that in the largest 
species of Bathycrinus the fuleral ridges of the articulations broaden 
out on each side of the central canal, becoming more or less wedge 
shaped or triangular, and breaking up into radiating lines, the articu- 
lations thus approaching the uniformly radiated type found in 
Calamocrinus and Ptilocrinus so closely as to leave no possible doubt 
as to their mode of origin. 

It might be urged that the articular faces of the columnars of the 
Pentacrinitide, with their petaloid markings, could not be placed in 
the same class with articulations like those of Calamocrinus, where 
the joint faces are uniformly marked with radiating lines; but in the 
Pentacrinitide it is merely a case of the columnars, primarily with 
articular faces bearing regular radiating lines, being moulded or cast 
into petaloid sectors by the under surface of the basals against which 
they are formed, these basals being in a curiously reduced condition, 
midway between the normal type of basal, as seen in Calamocrinus or 
Ptilocrinus, and the atrophied and metamorphosed condition seen in 
Antedon.@ 

I can see no other way of deriving the stems of the recent and 
most fossil crinoids than by supposing them to be the homologue 
of the central plate of the crinoid-echinoid ancestor which has gradu- 
ally become thickened and elongated and developed transverse 
alternating fractures which have metamorphosed into definite artic- 
ulations. The fact that, when viewed by polarized light, the axis 
of crystallization is seen to follow the axis of the stem while in the 
basals and radials it passes at right angles to the plane of their 
surfaces, and therefore also in the same direction toward the center of 
the calyx would seem to suggest that the sum of the columnars was 


a Since the above was put in type there has come to light a remarkable genus, 
Proisocrinus, in which the lower part of the stem resembles that of Calamocrinus, but 
the upper that of Jsocrinus showing that this transition, foretold by deduction, actu- 
ally occurs. 


216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


equivalent to a single calyx plate. Of course many animals, as for 
instance Boltenia, attach by a small portion of their external covering 
which becomes pulled out into a more or less slender stalk of greater 
or lesser length; this elongation of the external covering would carry 
with it any calcareous structures which happened to be included in 
it. Numerous cases of such elongation of the external body wall 
are found in echinoderms, for instance in Caulaster, or in the Elasipoda. 

Dr. F. A. Bather believes that the stems of crinoids originated thus, 
from the prolongation of the posterior part of the body of a more or 
less irregularly plated hypothetical ancestor, the plates carried out 
into the primitive stem becoming later regularly arranged. I can 
see no reason for assuming that the stems of crinoids were derived 
from the stems of blastoids by any such process; they probably 
originated independently in each. I consider the type of crmoid stem 
composed of pentameres to represent a different sort of structure 
from that in the recent crinoids; whereas the latter is the equiva- 
lent of the central plate alone, the former is derived from a some- 
what more extensive primitive base, not confined to the central 
plate, but involving the first circlet of five plates. A stem com- 
posed of pentameres, then, is made up of a series of repetitions of 
the lowest circlet of plates in the crinoid calyx, and the original 
central plate would be retained within the first of these extra cir- 
clets laid down, that is, instead of remaining at the calyx, the central 
plate has become fastened to the sea floor forming, as it were, a plug 
in the end of a long tube composed of morphological repetitions of the 
circlet of plates surrounding it. These pentameres, as described by 
Doctor Bather, gradually came into closer and closer contact so that 
eventually columnars were formed resembling those of Calamocrinus, 
though morphologically entirely different. So far as I know, sections 
of pentameres and of columnars derived through pentameres have not 
been examined to determine the axis of crystallization. It seems 
probable that in these cases the axis of crystallization will be found 
to run inward direct from the periphery of the stem toward the center 
instead of parallel to the main axis of the stem as in the other type. 

The stalk of Holopus has been cited as an example of attachment 
by the central plate, and of an elongation of that attachment; but 
in reality the case is not quite so simple; in fact, Holopus is some- 
thing of a combination of these two types of stem formation, for, 
in addition to the expanded and elongated base, the basals and the 
radials have become pulled downward so that instead of forming a 
cup they form a tube continuous with the expanded base and join 
with the expanded base in producing the stalk. If the stalk of 
Holopus should become greatly elongated it is a question whether 
a Rhizocrinus-like.stem would be formed, or whether the basals 
would elongate and, by progressively developing a series of sutures, 
result in a stem formed of pentameres. 


a 


~ b). Went teers 


ath la tail te th lh tal eel lla a i eh rl eel ele | 


SUMMARY OF THE SHELLS OF THE GENUS CONUS FROM 
THE PACIFIC COAST OF AMERICA IN THE U. S&S. 
NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


By Witiiam Hearey Dat, 


Curator, Division of Mollusks, U.S. National Museum. 


The-researches of Bergh have shown that the genus Conus is a very 
natural one, and that, while the anatomical characters show, like the 
shells, considerable variation, there is no evidence as yet of any 
distinctly characterized groups, anatomically speaking, which would 
enable us to divide the genus in harmony with the conchological 
characters or on the anatomy alone. The color pattern, the general 
form, and sculpture of the shell still remain the most constant, as 
they certainly are the most convenient, characters for separating the 
genus into sections. 

A study of the coloration of the species leads one to believe the 
range of variation among the species to be greater than conchologists 
have usually been ready to admit. On the other hand, the identifi- 
cations made from imperfect figures are responsible for much con- 
fusion among similar but not identical things. 

Among cones of several groups, such as the Proteus group, the 
Nebulosus group, and the Brunneus group, the coloration, on careful 
study, is seen to consist of a mingling of several distinct elements, 
each of which has its distinct series of variations. The combinations 
resulting are therefore quite numerous and, without close study, give 
very different aspects to the shells, thus obscuring their relations to 
each other. 

In most cases there are nebulous masses of color which contrast 
with the ground color of the shell and may be paler or darker, are 
usually disposed in a nebulous manner without any well-defined 
pattern, and sometimes are concentrated in axial streaks or flames. 

There is a tendency for these masses of color to become less con- 
spicuous near the shoulder, at the middle of the whorl, and near the 
base, giving rise to more or less distinct spiral bands or lighter areas 
in these areas of the surface. The axial streaks before mentioned are 
apt to be broken or angulated where they cross these areas, thus 
giving rise to distinct, spiral, usually lighter, color bands. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 38—No. 1741. 


217 


918 ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





These nebulw are frequently blotched with white or the ground — 
color of the shell, and usually the nebulous color is intensified at the 
anterior border of the blotch, as if the color glands, while the surface 
of the white patch was being secreted by the usual process, had ceased 
functioning temporarily, and begun again, with special intensity when 
terminating the period of inaction. 

The second set of coloration features is produced by fine axial 
lineation, the lines being usually dark in color. When they intersect 
at right angles to the spiral banding they form tessellation; when 
they develop zigzags and in the absence of distinct spiral bands we 
have the coloration of light tent-like triangles, imposed upon the 
eround color, as in the Textile group of cones. 

In the complex of color pattern the last factor comprises spiral 
lines, often alternating light and dark, or their continuity may be 
so effectually interrupted that the dark parts are reduced to dots 
and their relation to the spiral lineation be obscured. There are also 
pale and dark individuals where the lineation is lost entirely and no 
nebule occur, so that the relation of the individual to the species 
must be deduced largely from the form and sculpture. 

Most cones have, near the canal, more or less spiral sculpture, and 
in some species like C. arcuatus this sculpture may sometimes be con- 
fined to the anterior part of the whorl and at other times may invade 
the whole lateralsurface, reaching nearly or even quite to the shoulder. 
Failure to realize this difference within the species is responsible for 
some unnecessary names. 

The spire may be convex or concave, the fasciole between the shoul- 
der and the suture may be swollen or excavated, smooth or spirally 
striate. The shoulder may be rounded, carinate or even coronated 
by a series of nodules. These characters are usually pretty constant 
and may be relied upon fer specific diagnosis. 

A recent attempt to revise the West American Cones in the National 
collection and correct the nomenclature led to the preparation of the 
following summary, which may be regarded as preliminary material 
toward a future monograph. Some new forms are added to the 
fauna and some species confused with others in the past have received 
distinctive names. 

Family CONID. 
Genus CONUS Linnezus. 
CONUS FERGUSONI Sowerby, 1875. 
Magdalena Bay, Lower California, to Ecuador and the Gala- 
pagos Islands. 

This white and rather rude species is the largest of the genus on 

the west coast of America. 


No. 174i. WEST AMERICAN CONES—DALL. 219 


CONUS PURPURASCENS Broderip, 1833. 
Magdalena Bay, Lower California, to Manta, Peru. 
The color variations of this handsome species are dazzling, but 
the general habit of the shell is quite constant. 
CONUS PURPURASCENS, var. REGALITATIS Sowerby, 1834. 
Cape St. Lucas and southward to Peru, the Galapagos and Clip- 
perton islands. 

In this variety the nebulous brown obscures the brighter coloring 
and the spiral lineation, but the mesial light spiral band is unusually 
conspicuous. 

CONUS PURPURASCENS, var. REJECTUS Dall, 1910. 
Port Escondido, Gulf of California. 

This variety has the nebulous brown very pale and scattered in 
very small patches over a pale purple or bluish ground color, the 
whole surface in front of the shoulder being rather closely painted 
with pale brown, thread-like, articulate, spiral lines. The pale 
lateral band is still notable. The spire is somewhat lower and the 
shoulder more angular than usual. The spire is ornamented with 
a few radiating brown flammules, the sutural fasciole is excavated, 
smooth, or with only one or two obsolete spiral strive. 

CONUS TORNATUS Broderip, 1833. 
Cerros Island, Lower California, the Gulf of California, and 
south to Ecuador. 

The original figure in the Conchological Hlustrations is quite dif- 
ferent from some of the shells to which subsequent 1conographers 
have applied the name. This species is the Pacific analogue of 
C. pealii of the Gulf coast of the United States. 

CONUS MAHOGANI Reeve, 1843. 
Magdalena Bay, Lower California, to Panama. 

The particular mutation to which Reeve gave the name of mahog- 
ani is an undersized slender shell, in which the brown nebulosity 
obscures the spiral lineation. The young may be of this type while 
the adult assumes the coloration of the norm of the species, which 
has the nebulosity feeble and its conspicuous trait is the articulated 
spiral lineation on a pale yellowish or Dbluish ground. The full-grown 
shell rarely retains the melanitic hue of mahogani s. s., but there 
are all intermediate color gradations. This species is C. interruptus 
Broderip, 1829, and Reeve in the Iconica, but not the C. interruptus 
Mawe (in Wood’s Index), 1828. 

CONUS COMPTUS Gould, 1851. 
Carmen Island, Gulf of California, to Costa Rica. 

This species has much the coloration of the preceding with which 
it has been too hastily united by some undiscriminating writers. 
It is, however, a much shorter and stouter shell with less nebulation 
and with a tendency of the spiral coloration to become associated in 
an anterior and posterior obscure band. 


, 


220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





This shell has been generally named C. puncticulatus Hwass, 1792, 
but Hwass distinctly assigns his shell to the West Indies, and there 
is little doubt but his account and name relate to a combination of 
C. papillosus Kiener, with some Oriental allied form. Our shell is 
also the C. perplexus Sowerby, 1857. It has both smooth and pus- 
tulose mutations. 

CONUS XIMENES Gray, 1839. 
Gulf of California to Sechura Bay, Peru. 

This shell is of the same general type of coloration as the preceding, 
which was also called C. ximines by Sowerby in the Thesaurus, and 
confounded with C. mahogani by him. The true C. ximenes is a much 
larger shell with sparser dotted lineation and pale olive periostra- 
cum, with but little brown nebulosity. It seems to be extremely 
rare, 

CONUS CALIFORNICUS Hinds, 1844. 
Farallones Islands off San Francisco, California, to Ballenas 
Lagoon, Lower California. 

This very uninteresting little cone is the C. ravus Gould, 1851. 
The young have a faint brown reticulation of the Textile type, with 
a spiral lineation of faint brown continuous lines. The adult is 
bluish white under a dense brownish periostracum. The largest 
specimen I have seen is about 35 mm. in length. 

CONUS BRUNNEUS Mave, 1828. 
Cape St. Lucas to the Galapagos and Clipperton islands, and on 
the mainland south to Manta, Eeuador. 

This is an irregularly coronated species with a large area of dark 
brown nebulosity and continuous darker brown spiral lines. A 
variety of dwarf proportions with exaggerated coronation, deeply 
striated fasciole on the spire, and coarse prominent pustulation (the 
latter rarely occurring on the typical brunneus) may take the varietal 
name of pemphigus. It has a length of 26 and a maximum width of 
17 mm., and was collected at the Tres Marias Islands, west of Mexico. 
(Cat. No. 37449a U.S.N.M.) 

CONUS MILIARIS Hwass, 1792. 
Galapagos and Clipperton islands, Ecuador and Peru. 

This species is intimately related to CL brunneus with which inter- 
mediate varieties tend to connect it. It differs most conspicuously 
in its paler color, absence of the brown nebulosity, tendency of the 
color to arrange itself in spiral bands, and in the spiral lineation which 
is articulate and not continuous. In the variety tiaratus (Broderip, 
1833) the color is more intense and darker, and in still another variety 
brown nebulosity appears, so that it is only by the broken spiral 
lineation that the form is assignable to miliaris rather than brunneus. 
Our specimens of C. miliaris from the Gulf of California are rather 
poor, but nothing about them seems to justify their specific separation 
from the Indo-Pacific specimens of which we have a large series. 


No. 1741. WEST AMERICAN CONES—DALL. 221 
CONUS GLADIATOR Broderip, 1833. . 
Gulf of California to the Galapagos Islands. 
This is the analogue of the Atlantic CL mus. It is very uniform in 
its dull and unattractive coloration and in spite of Tryon’s opinion 
seems in no way closely related to C. brunneus. We do not have it 
from the mainland south of Panama Bay. 
CONUS VITTATUS Hwass, 1792. 
Acapulco to Panama. 

Specimens from the Tres Marias Islands are more vividly colored 
than those from the mainland. A question arises as to the relations 
of this species with C. coffea Linnwus, or fumigatus Hwass, reported 
as West Indian, but of which no West Indian specimens have been 
noted by us.¢. The C. orion Broderip seems to be a variety in which 
the spire is not convex; variations in this character can be noted in 
our series. C. cumingiv Reeve,? which is united with this species by 
Tryon, does not seem to me to be at all nearly related to our species; 
it is a Philippine shell. C. henoquet Bernardi, which Tryon unites with 
C’. orion, is doubtless a synonym of C. vittatus. 

CONUS GRADATUS Mawe, 1828. 
Gulf of California. 

This belongs to a group of cones of which C. proteus, C. floridanus, 
and similar species are members, and about which, owing to a wide 
range of color-pattern, much confusion has existed. The only way 
to determine the names of the different forms is to go back to the 
author’s original descriptions and figures, those of subsequent authors 
almost invariably including a certain amount of confusion; and yet 
when the different forms are segregated there is little difficulty in 
discriminating between well preserved specimens. In every case here 
cited the species is believed to be that of the original author, and the 
attributions of later writers, unless otherwise stated, are ignored. 

The norm of this species is a rather slender shell with a moderately 
exserted sharp spire with slightly concave walls, the coloratidn being 
squarish brown maculations on a white ground color. The following 
forms may be regarded as species or varieties; all that can be said 
is that for the most part they are easily separated. 

CONUS SCALARIS Valenciennes, 1832. 
Cerros Island, Lower California, and the Gulf of California. 

This is a larger shell with turrited or scalar spire and generally with 
less brown color and more white ground exposed. 
CONUS REGULARIS Sowerby, 1841. 

Gulf of California to Panama. 

This is a shorter and wider shell with a short conical spire, longi- 

tudinal brown nebulous streaks and spiral articulated lines, which 





a The only specimen so named in the collection is one identified by Dr. P. P. Car- 
penter which was collected at Aden, in the Red Sea. 
> Conch. Iconica, Conus, Suppl., fig. 282. 


222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





tend to be alternately darker and lighter. I have not found in our 
large series an exact duplicate in color pattern of Sowerby’s original 
figure in the Conchological Illustrations, but the mass of specimens 
approach it. As a whole the color effect is darker than in the pre- 
viously mentioned forms of the group, and there is a notable tendency 
of the color markings to form groups in the spiral sense. 

Another form closely allied to this, which is listed as C. dispar 
Sowerby, in the Thesaurus, though not the original C. dispar of the 
Conchological Illustrations, is characterized by a bluish or livid ground 
color, which gives a very different aspect to a shell not otherwise sepa- 
rable from C. regularis. 

This has been collected from Topolobampo, Mexico, to the Gulf of 
California. 

CONUS MONILIFER Broderip, 1833. 
Gulf of California. (Magdalena Bay, Lower California, south to 
Peru.) 

This is a smaller and more slender shell than the members of the 
group just discussed. It has a relatively sharp, elevated, but not 
scalar spire; and the brown articulations of the spirals tend to be 
small, distant, and squarish, while the nebulous blotches are smaller 
and more widely separated. 

CONUS INCURVUS Broderip, 1833. 
Gulf of California to Ecuador. 

This has been confused by Tryon with recurvus (Broderip) 
Kiener, 1839. It is a small shell, with a marked and sharp angle at 
the shoulder, the sides slightly imcurved, the spire short, relatively 
to others of this group, and the ground color of a livid flesh color. It 
is easily separated from the others by its general appearance and size, 
which does not exceed 26 mm. in length in our specimens. 

CONUS DISPAR Sowerby, 1833. 
Gulf of California. 

This is the original C. dispar of the Conchological Illustrations. It 
has the shortest and most disproportionate spire in the group. It is 
small, narrow, straight-sided, smooth, with a low pointed spire (about 
one-seventh the entire length) and a few sharp sulci near the canal. 
The coloration in all our specimens is white or pale, a few light-brown 
flammules on the spire and nebulous patches on the sides, the spiral 
painting being mainly of small, distant, sparse, squarish dots with an 
obscure indication of two paler non-nebulous bands on the sides of 
the shell. 

Though belonging to the Proteus group, this seems, as far as our 
specimens indicate, specifically different from the others. 

CONUS EMARGINATUS Reeve, 1843. 
Acapulco, Mexico, to Ecuador. 

This cone has been well figured on several occasions and is readily 

identifiable, but great is the confusion to which it has submitted. It 


No. 1741. WEST AMERICAN CONES—DALL. Ze 


is the C. arcuatus of Gray, well figured on pl. 36, fig. 22, of the Zoology 
of Beechey’s Voyage, 1839; but it is not the arcuatus of Sowerby in 
1829. It is the C. lorenzianus of Kiener, Iconography of Conus, pl. 
55, fig. 1; and of Reeve, Conchologia Iconica, pl. 27, fig. 152, 1843, 
but not of supplementary pl. 5, fig. 249, 1849; nor of Dillwyn, 1817. 
C. flammeus Lamarck, C. zebra Sowerby (Conch. IIlL., fig. 4, 1833) and 
of Reeve, 1843; and C. virgatus Reeve (Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 16, 
fig. 87, 1843); all of which have been associated with this species, are 
perfectly distinct from it, though perhaps not from each other. The 
purple-brown flames which longitudinally ornament this shell are 
angularly interrupted near the middle of the side, showing a tend- 
ency toward a spiral band in that place. 

CONUS ARCHON Broderip, 1833. 

Mazatlan, Acapulco, west coast Central America. 

The shell figured by Sowerby in the Conchological Illustrations is 
apparently not that subsequently described and figured by Iiener 
and Reeve. Our shell agrees with Sowerby’s original diagnosis and 
figure, which he pointedly states has ‘‘no articulate lines.”’ The 
granulate shell, C. granarius Kiener, is quite distinct from the true 
Archon as well as from Archon of Kiener. The latter is probably the 
same as his C. sanguineus. Of the relations of his C. castaneus I am 
doubtful, but see no reason for approximating it to C. archon. 

Our shell has irregularly distributed chestnut brown flammules on 
a white ground with a few brown spiral lines near the anterior end, 
more or less broken, but not ‘‘articulated.”” The surface is smooth; 
there is no trace of granulation. The spire is rather tumid and not 
much elevated. 

CONUS ARCUATUS Sowerby, 1829. 
Cerros Island, Lower California, south to Panama. In mud at a 
depth of 14 to 50 fathoms. 

This is another species in which the original type seems to have 
been disregarded. In the Conchological Hlustrations, soon after the 
species was described, it was figured by Sowerby in a very character- 
istic manner. The arcuatus of Gray, 1839, already alluded to, is a 
totally different species, C. emarginatus Reeve, which is founded on 
Gray’s figure. Reeve figures a rather dark specimen of the present 
species in the Conchologica Iconica, Conus, pl. 15, fig. 77>. Numer- 
ous specimens were dredged by the fisheries steamer Albatross. In 
general the white part of the shell predominates over the brown flam- 
mules. The spiral suleation found at the base frequently extends 
nearly to the shoulder, while other specimens are almost smooth. 
CONUS EDAPHUS Dall, new species. 

Off Clarion Island in 31 fathoms, sand; bottom temperature 
68°.4 F.; U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross. 

Shell small, short, stout, solid, with a short acute spire, rounded 
shoulder, and slightly convex sides; nucleus of two and a half trans- 


994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


lucent whitish rounded whorls with a dimple at the apex; of the 
remaining eight and a half whorls the earlier five have the shoulder 
irregularly, obscurely, minutely beaded; the slope from the nucleus 
to the shoulder of the last whorl is slightly concave; the fasciole 
between the shoulder and the suture behind it is depressed, with two 
strong spiral sulci running in it, the interspaces rather tumid. The 
coloration of the shell is peculiar; the pattern recalls C. teniatus and (. 
tessellatus. The ground is asubtranslucent waxen white; between the 
shoulder and the canal there are about sixteen subequal, rectangularly 
articulated, spiral bands separated by narrower spaces of the ground 
color; the articulations are vermilion or orange red and opaque 
white alternately; on the spire are nearly a dozen radiating orange 
or vermilion flammules; the interior of the aperture is rosy white, 
the region about the canal deep rose color; the only sculpture on the 
sides of the shell consists of about six equidistant channeled sulci, 
growing wider anteriorly until the canal is reached, and a few smaller 
strie on the siphonal fasciole; the aperture is narrow, parallel-sided, 
with a straight outer lip, the anterior and posterior sinuses moder- 
ately deep. Height of shell, 25; of shoulder, 22; maximum diameter 
of shell, 14; of canal, 3 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 130385, U.S.N.M. 

Although a small shell, it is one of the most lovely of the genus, 
and its pattern of coloration only paralleled by one or two others in 
the whole list-of species. 

CONUS NUX Broderip, 1833. 
Ballenas Lagoon, Lower California, and south to Panama and 
the Galapagos Islands. 

This pretty little cone seems sufficiently distinct from the Indo- 
Pacific species with which it has been consolidated by Tryon. In 
the large series extending the whole length of its range which is in 
the National Collection it is somewhat strange that the largest speci- 
men should be that from the most northern locality, Ballenas Lagoon. 
It is the C. pusillus of Gould in 1851, but Lamarck’s C. pusillus of 
1810 was based on a West African shell. 

CONUS PRINCEPS Linnzus, 1758. 
Cape St. Lucas to Panama. 

This well-known shell is very characteristic with its tufted perio- 
stracum. The C. regius of authors is an exact synonym, as both 
diagnoses refer to the variety with broad stripes. — C. lineolatus Valen- 
ciennes, 1832, is the variety in which the stripes are reduced to brown 
hair lines, and which is the prevailing form from Panama to Peru. 

For the variety with the lines entirely absent I propose the name 
apogrammatus., Our specimens of this type are from Panama. 


* 


No. 1741. WEST AMERICAN CONES—DALL. 


bo 
Or 


CONUS SANGUINOLENTUS Reeve, 1849. 
Guaymas, Mexico, to the coast of Ecuador. 


Reeve named two cones after Cuming. The second one appears 
on the supplementary plate 8 of his monograph, figs. 277a@ and 277), 
and, of course, the name can not be retained. But on the same plate, 
fig. 274, he represents a shell differmg only from his invalid @. 
cumingii by having the pinkish color of the sides aggregated in a few 
vertical streaks. This shell of unknown origin he names (. sanguino- 
lentus. From the figures it would seem that these two are only color 
variations of a single species, which will therefore take the name of 
sanguinolentus. 

The specimen which best represents this species in the collection 
(Cat. No. 37399) is of the unicolorate type, and was obtained at 
Guaymas, Mexico. 

CONUS XANTHICUS Dall, new species. 
Off Guaymas, Mexico, at station 3011, in 71 fathoms, sand, 
U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross. 

Shell biconic, solid, with a low, slightly turrited spire, straight 
sides and about ten whorls; surface of the whorls on the spire evenly 
excavated, smooth, or with two or three faint spiral striz in the chan- 
nel; periostracum dense, brown, and velvety, except where cleaned off, 
when the substratum, which is very adherent, may appear polished; 
suture simple; sides of the shell straight, smooth, with very faint 
indications of obsolete spiral striation, the striz rather distant; near 
the canal there are, as usual, a few spiral cords; outer lip straight, 
receding to the sinus at each extremity; ground color of the shell 
white with broad brownish yellow irregular areas so disposed as to 
indicate three irregular white spiral areas, one near the canal, one at 
about the middle of the side, and the third somewhat in front of the 
shoulder. In another specimen the yellow color is generally diffused 
and only the central band is obscurely indicated; there is no pattern 
on the spire. Height of shell, 42; of shoulder, 37; maximum diam- 
eter of shell, 22.5; of canal, 5 mm. 

Two other specimens, probably of the same species, from 7 fathoms, 
Panama Bay, have the periostracum and coloration of a darker 
brown. This species appears to be the Pacific analogue of the 
Antillean C. flavescens Gray. 

Type.—Cat. No. 111236, U.S.N.M. 

CONUS SCARIPHUS Dall, new species. 
Off Cocos Island, Gulf of Panama, at station 3368, in 66 fathoms, 
rocky bottom, one specimen with hermit crab, by the U.S. 
Bureau of Fisheries steamer A/batross. 

Shell biconic, attenuated in front, slightly swelling in front of the 
‘shoulder, which is sharply carinate; spire low, of about eight whorls 
without the (lost) nucleus; the summit of the whorls between suture 
and carina is excavated and smooth; walls of the shell rather thin, 


Proc. N. M. vol.38—10——15 





226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





outer lips nearly straight; ground-color yellowish white covered with 
a thin smooth yellowish periostracum; pattern of fluctuating longi- 
tudinal streaks of yellowish brown, which by their zigzag direction 
and anastomosis leave roughly triangular patches of white of small 
size all over the shell, except in the middle, where a tendency to the 
usual paler girdle is manifest; near the canal there are about sixteen 
paired prominent spiral threads, the intervals between the pairs 
being more or less channeled; sutural sinus and canal rather deep. 
Height of shell 41; of shoulder 35; maximum diameter of shell 15; 
of canal 5 mm. 

There are a few small brown spots along the shoulder keel. Though 
the pattern of coloration is different, the aspect of the shell recalls 
the Antillean C. delessertianus. If the white triangles were bounded 
by a definite dark line, this shell would approximate the pattern of 
the Textile group. As it is, it is somewhat unique in character. 

Type.—Cat. No. 123085, U.S.N.M. 

CONUS DALLI Stearns, 1873. 
Cape St. Lucas to Panama. 

This very handsome cone is the only representative of the typical 
Textile group on the coast of America, so far as known. 

CONUS LUCIDUS Mave, 1828. 
Magdalena Bay, Lower California to the Galapagos Islands. 

This seems to be a rare and very distinct species. 

CONUS SIEBOLDII? Reeve, 1848. 
Japan, according to Reeve. Off the Galapagos Islands in 300 
fathoms, U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross. 

The specimen dredged by the Albatross had lost its spire and part 
of the last whorl, but what was left seemed to agree very well with 
Reeve’s figure of sieboldir. 

CONUS PYRIFORMIS Reeve, 1843. 
West coast of Nicaragua and south to Panama and the 
Galapagos Islands. 

This snow-white or pinkish pear-shaped cone can not be confounded 
with any other. Hinds in 1843 named the young of this species 
C. patricvus. 

CONUS CONCOLOR Sowerby, 1834. 
Acapulco, Stearns collection. 

The specimen referred to agrees extremely well with Sowerby’s 
original figure in the Conchological Illustrations, but not with the 
figure given by Reeve in the Iconica. Sowerby gives no description 
or locality, but refers in his list to the Proceedings of the Zoological 
Society of London for 1841. Nothing was published in the Proceed- 
ings for that year or any adjacent year in regard to this species. 
Reeve’s shell, which does not agree with Sowerby’s, is reported to 
have come from China. Another figured in the Thesaurus is alleged 
to be from India. 


No. 1741. WEST AMERICAN CONES—DALL. OOF 





Our present shell has a dome-shaped spire with a small acute 
nucleus, irregular suture, the summit of the whorls behind the 
shoulder being closely and continuously striate. The body color is of 
a pale reddish brown, intensified at resting stages. The lines of 
growth on the sides are minutely wavy, crossed by a multitude of 
almost microscopic strie, with indications over the surface of more 
extended but obsolete spiral sulci corresponding more or less closely 
to fine dark-brown spiral hair lines, and about nine spiral threads 
with wider interspaces near the canal. The shell is about 50 mm. in 
length and 25 in maximum diameter. 

Whether this specimen is really Oriental and wrongly labeled from 
Acapulco, or whether it represents Sowerby’s original and a distinct 
species from the Oriental shell I have no present means of deciding. 

It will be noted that the geographical distribution given for the 
species of the preceding list, except when put in parentheses, is based 
on specimens actually in the collection, and not on the literature. 
There are several species referred to the Pacific coast in the literat ure, 
which are not represented in the list, because we have no autoptical 
information to that effect. 

There are some species which have been associated with the 
Pacific coast fauna, but are not definitely admitted to our list. Notes 
on these follow. 

Specimens of Conus proteus from Panama are in the collection. 
They doubtless were purchased and originated on the Atlantic side. 

A fresh shell of C. flavidus Lamarck, was sent by a correspondent 
as picked up at San Diego, California. It is without doubt exotic. 

Jonus concinnus Broderip, not Sowerby, renamed by Crosse C. 
concinnulus, is a species of Meta, belonging to the Columbellide, and 
a common Gulf shell. 

Conus cinctus Valenciennes, 1832, not of Swainson, 1823, may be 
the same as emarginatus Reeve. 

Conus tiaratus Broderip, is regarded by some authors as identical 
with C. minimus Linneus, which is improbable. 

Conus luzonicus Valenciennes, has been reported from the Gala- 
pagos Islands, but its real habitat seems to be the Philippines. 

Conus diadema Sowerby, 1834, is a variety of C. brunneus Mawe. 

Conus reticulatus Sowerby, 1833, from Magdalena Bay, is identical 
with (. lucidus Mawe, 1828. 

Conus celebs Hinds, may be the young of C. fergusoni Sowerby. 

Conus trochulus Reeve, reported from California, is really from the 
Cape Verde Islands. 

Conus perplecus Sowerby, in the Thesaurus, 1857, is identical with 
C. comptus Gould in 1851. 


228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Conus largillierti Kiener, reported from Mexico, is from Yucatan, 
not the west coast of Mexico, and may prove identical with one of 
the varieties of C. proteus. 

Conus hieroglyphus Duclos, is Indo-Pacific. 

Conus arenatus and abbreviatus are exotic species. 

Conus catenatus Sowerby, 1878, from Panama appears to be a 
variety of C. interruptus Broderip. 

Conus inconstans BK. A. Smith, 1877, from Panama, seems identical 
with C. miliaris Hwass. 

Conus prytanis Sowerby, 1882, from the Galapagos, is a variety of 
C. brunneus Mawe. 

Conus exquisitus Sowerby, 1887, stated to be from California, is 
certainly not from California, nor has anything like it been reported 
from the Gulf of California. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES AND GENERA OF 
LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO. 


By Harrison G. Dyar, 


Custodian of Lepidoptera, U. S. National Museum. 


Among the undescribed forms of Lepidoptera that have aecumu- 
lated in the collections of the U.S. National Museum, the following 
have been received from the Republic of Mexico, and are accord- 
ingly characterized in one paper. 


Family SYNTOMID. 


Genus PSEUDOSPHEX Hiibner. 


PSEUDOSPHEX MELANOGEN, new variety. 


As in Pseudosphex polistes Wibner, but the abdomen black. Head 
black, the face and occiput yellow; antennz blackish brown; thorax 
black, the tegule bordered before and behind with yellow, the pata- 
gia yellow in the center and on both margins; a yellow mark on the 
disk behind. Abdomen black above, the segments with distinct pos- 
terior yellow borders. Wings hyaline, the fore wing yellowish in the 
cell with a broad smoky brown band beyond the end of the cell to 
the apex. 

Santa Rosa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, August, 1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12936, U.S.N.M. 

Another specimen from the same locality has a typical brown abdo- 
men, while a third has the black partly replaced by brown, showing 
the form to be a variety of Pseudosphex polistes. 


Genus SPHECOSOMA Butler. 


SPHECOSOMA NIGRIFER, new variety. 


As in Sphecosoma angustatum Moschler (=gracilis Klages), but the 
abdomen black with broad apical segmental yellowish bands. The 
antenne are black on the shaft and the legs are without any red 
tint. 

Santa Rosa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, August, 1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12937, U.S.N.M. 





PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 38—No. 1742. 


229 


930 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


Ten examples are before me from Santa Rosa, and another from 
Ecuador. I consider the form to be a variety of Sphecosoma 
angustatum. 

Genus EPISCEPS!IS Butler: 


EPISCEPSIS DODABA, new species. 


Head and thorax blackish brown, two crimson spots on the back 
of the head; tegule with small crimson spot laterally; fore cox 
crimson. Fore wing uniformly brown-black, slightly bronzy, the 
veins concolorous. Hind wing black, semihyaline whitish in the cell 
and below. Abdomen shining blue above, black at the base, the 
three basal segments white-marked beneath in the male, entirely 
black beneath in the female. Expanse, 32 to 34 mm. 

Santa Rosa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, August, 1906 (W. Schaus) ; 
Orizaba, Mexico, September, 1906 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12938, U.S.N.M. 

Fifty-six examples are before me, including also the localities 
Cordoba, Jalapa, and Coatepec, Mexico, and Aroa and Merida, 
Venezuela. The species differs from Lpiscepsis inornata Walker im 
the presence of a small crimson spot on the tegula. This spot varies 
in size, and it is possible that the forms intergrade. 


EPISCEPSIS FRANCES, new species. 


Black-brown, the occiput with two crimson spots; a crimson mark 
on the pleura below the tegule; fore coxe crimson. Fore wing 
uniform brown-black, the veins concolorous; hind wing semihyaline 
in and below cell. Abdomen bright blue above, with black hair at 
the base, black below, the three basal segments white-marked. [Ex- 
panse, 27 mm. 

Santa Rosa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, August, 1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12939, U.S.N.M. 

Four males, all from Santa Rosa. On the hind wings beneath 
there is only a slight semihyaline area below the cell. 


Genus TRICHODESMA Hampson. 


TRICHODESMA OCEOLA, new species. 


Head and thorax brown-black, a diffuse yellow line running along 
the inner edge of the patagia across the tegula to the base of antenna. 
Abdomen bluish-black above, gray-black below. Fore wing brown- 
black, the veins toward the base lined in yellowish, an oblique ocher 
yellow band from costa beyond middle to inner angle. Hind wing 
bluish-black, grayish on the margin beneath. Expanse, 38 mm. 

Orizaba, Mexico, May, 1908 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12940, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. VSL 








Three other specimens from Cordoba, Mexico (W. Schaus, F. 
Knab), and one from Aroa, Venezuela. The species has the appear- 
ance of Trichodesma ursula Stoll, but the abdomen is black below. 
Moreover, the rough scales on the hind wing of the male beneath are 
confined to a narrow marginal band in oceola instead of extending 
over most of the wing as in ursula. 


Genus DELPHYRE Walker. 


DELPHYRE MONOTONA, new species. 


Front gray-brown, vertex of head, anterior edge of tegule, base of 
palpi, fore coxe, and venter of abdomen except last segment, ocher 
yellow with slight orange tint; otherwise gray-brown. Fore wing 
with the veins slightly relieved, a whitish shade beneath the cell and 
a faint transverse band from outer third of costa to above anal angle, 
the markings distinct and white beneath and cut by the veins. Hind 
wing with the cell and beneath whitish semihyaline, the margin 
broadly and the veins black. Expanse, 37 mm. 

Santa Rosa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, August, 1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12941, U.S.N.M. 

Nine specimens, all from Santa Rosa. The species resembles 
Delphyre flaviceps Druce from Venezuela, but the markings are much 
less distinct and the dark border of the hind wings narrower. 


Genus EUCEREON Hubner. 


EUCEREON ROSADORA, new species. 


Head and thorax dark brown, occiput orange, neck crimson; abdo- 
men crimson above except the basal segment, pinkish ocherous below. 
Legs brown, the tarsi ringed with yellowish white at their bases. 
Fore wing lilacine brown, the veins finely brownish ocher; a rounded 
darker mark in the cell and one on the cross vein; a subbasal faint 
yellowish line; an outer more distinct line, excurved beyond the cell, 
irregularly crenulate; a submarginal line which reaches the margin 
at the tornus, crenulate and produced along all the veins to the mar- 
gin. Hind wing grayish black. Beneath grayish black, the fore 
wing with a pale mark in and beyond cell and the submarginal line 
irregularly repeated. Expanse, 27 mm. 

Santa Rosa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, August, 1906 (W.Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12942, U.S:N.M. 


One hundred and seventy-five specimens from Santa Rosa and two 





from Cuernavaca, Mexico. 
The species is allied to Hucereon rosa Walker, but smaller, darker, 
and with the markings less distinct. 


939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


EUCEREON BALERIS, new species. 


Head and thorax blackish brown, a little pale crimson in the neck. 
Abdomen crimson above, a large triangular basal patch, the last seg- 
ment, a row of dorsal dots and a lateral band black; venter salmon 
pink except the last segment. Legs brown with pinkish rings at the 
joints, the femora pinkish beneath and above. Fore wing dark 
brown with numerous irregular yellowish brown markings; four 
blackish spots along the costal edge; a round orbicular spot in the 
cell, divided by a pale streak; a large spot at the end of the cell, 
divided by the veins; a large spot at the base of vein 3; the other 
spots of the usual transverse bands are narrow, elongate, and sepa- 
‘ated by the paler veins and by cusp-shaped and lenticular yellowish 
markings, of which the most conspicuous is a zigzag subterminal 
line cutting off a series of elongate marginal dots between the veins. 
Hind wing whitish semihyaline in the disk, the veins, apex, and anal 
angle broadly brown-black. Expanse, 41 mm. 

Santa Rosa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, August, 1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12943, U.S.N.M. 

Fifteen specimens from Santa Rosa. The species is nearest to 
Eucereon latifascia Walker, which also occurs at Santa Rosa, but the 
dark markings are enlarged so as to almost solidly fill the wing with 
only linear pale spaces between them. 


EUCEREON ERYTHROLEPSIS, new species. 


Head and thorax brownish gray, vertex and tegule with black 
dashes, patagia lined with black; abdomen crimson dorsally, a tri- 
angular patch at the base, the terminal segment and lateral line 
gray-black; venter centrally on head, thorax and abdomen pale 
salmon pink, except the last two abdominal segments. Fore wing’ 
pale brown-gray, the veins lined with darker gray; a series of narrow 
elongate black marks between the veins; four marks on the costa, the 
basal one narrow and oblique; four marks in the upper part of the 
cell and a dash in the lower part; five narrow dashes along submedian 
fold; five dashes on vein 1; a long thick dash above inner margin, 
narrowing to the base, and one before tornus; above vein 2 are three 
rows of dashes, continued between the veins to the costa, the terminal 
and subterminal rows being somewhat rounded and faintly ringed 
by the pale ground color. Hind wing semihyaline on the disk, the 
veins, apex, and anal angle black. Expanse, 36 mm. 

Cordoba, Mexico, May, 1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12944, U.S.N.M. 

Other specimens from Jalapa (Schaus collection) and Orizaba (F. 
Knab), five in all. Allied to Eucereon pilati Walker, but paler, the 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 238 


lining of the veins grayer, all the marks narrower, more linear, espe- 
cially noticeable in the spot at base of vein 3, while the abdomen 
has no dorsal dots. 


EUCEREON XANTHODORA, new variety. 


A variety of FEucereon rosadora, described above, in which the 
abdomen and other parts which in rosadora are crimson are here 
orange yellow. Of the long series before me of rosadora, only nine 
belong to this variety. They are all alike, and there are no speci- 
mens intermediate in color. 

Santa Rosa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, August, 1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12945, U.S.N.M. 

The form comes close to EHucereon lutetia Druce, but in that three 
basal segments of the abdomen are dark above instead of one, while 
the whole ventral surface is black instead of pale yellow. 


Family LITHOSIID. 
Genus GNAMPTONYCHIA Hampson. 


GNAMPTONYCHIA ORSOLA, new species. 


Head, collar, whole ventral surface and anal tuft of male ocher 
yellow; thorax and fore wings dark slate gray; abdomen and hind 
wings dull black; antenne, tongue, and most of the tibie and tarsi 
black. Expanse, 38 mm. 

Mexico City, Mexico, May, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12946, U.S.N.M. 

Two others from Mexico City (A. Dugés) and one from Popocate- 
petl Park, June, 1906 (W. Schaus). The species resembles /nopsis 
catorantha Felder except for the yellow anal tuft, but it does not 
belong to that genus. 


Genus CLEMENSIA Paekarad. 


CLEMENSIA LEISOVA, new species. 


Fore wing soiled white with irregular black and brown markings. 
‘The markings form principally a transverse, broken, inner band, 
discal mark and spottings above the inner margin; a narrow irregular 
brown mesial line. Hind wing with the apex squarely pointed, whitish, 
dusky shaded outwardly, the cell clothed with dense appressed pale 
yellow scales, a fuscous spot near the middle of outer margin. On 
the fore wings beneath a long tuft of brown hair, followed by a 
patch of brown mealy scales. Expanse, 22 mm. 

Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12947, U.S.N.M. 


934 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


One male is before me. The species closely resembles Clemensia 
albata Packard in markings, though the specimens are lighter and 
more broken than usual in that species, but the secondary sexual 
characters of the male differ. The tuft on the fore wing below is 
larger than in albata and darker and is followed by a patch of modi- 
fied scales, while the hind wing has a patch of modified scales covering 
the cell above. 

CLEMENSIA ALEMBIS, new species. 


Fore wing grayish white, densely irrorated with brown; a broad 
inner black curved band, preceded by a clear whitish space; a 
rounded black discal spot; a subterminal dentate line of the ground 
color; terminal space of the ground color, with terminal row of 
black dots. Hind wing with smooth pale yellow scales over the 
cell, the costal area pale, the rest of the wing smoky blackish. On 
the fore wing below is a large tuft of hairs and a patch of modified 
scales in the area below the median vein, which is expanded at the 
expense of the cell, the latter being crowded costally; costa folded 
over at the base with a tuft at the end of the fold. Expanse, 21 mm. 

Cordoba, Mexico, January 28, 1908 (F. Knab). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12948, U.S.N.M. 

Another specimen is before me, collected January 15, and a third 
taken in the same place, May, 1906 (W. Schaus). This species is 
distinguished from the others in the group by the heavy black band 
on fore wing and the great development of the secondary sexual 
scale characters. 

Family ARCTIID. 
Genus HALESIDOTA Hubner. 


HALESIDOTA LUA, new species. 


Head and thorax straw color, shaded with sordid brownish; 
abdomen brownish, the tip straw color. Fore wing straw color, 
with concolorous, brown-ringed spots very faintly indicated, tray- 
ersing the wing in rows parallel to the outer margin. The lower 
half of the median space is shaded with brown and there is a brown 
line along the inner margin and on the fringe. Hind wing broadly 
smoky brown on the margin with a faint large discal cloud, the 
markings illy defined from the lighter basal part of the wing. 
Beneath the shadings are repeated, browner and better defined. 
Ixpanse, 38 mm. 

One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12829, U.S.N.M. 

The species falls in Hampson’s tables next to Halesidota sthenia.* 


a Cat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1901, p. 155. 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. x) 


HALESIDOTA VANGETTA, new species. 


Head and collar ocherous brown, the patagia lighter toward the 
tips, with two black spots on each; abdomen ocherous brown above, 
lighter beneath. Fore wing rather thickly irrorated with brown; an 
indistinct clouded brown line from apex to lower end of cell, cut 
into by crescentic marks of the ground color, which are parts of 
the usual spots, elsewhere nearly obsolete. A large triangular area 
on the middle of the inner margin and the base of the wing are less 
heavily irrorated with brown and appear lighter than the rest. 
Hind wing suffused with brown below the median vein, a dark 
brown discal mark and two spots at the apex. Expanse, 47 mm. 

One male, Misantla, Mexico, January, 1909 (R. Miiller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12830, U.S.N.M. 

The species falls next to Halesidota pulverea and H. coniota in 
Hampson’s tables.? 


Genus HYPOMOLIS Hampson. 


HYPOMOLIS LITHOSIAPHILA, new species. 


Black, the fore wings with a bluish luster; a large orange yellow 
spot at the base, not attaining costa or inner margin, its outer edge 
oblique. Hind wing with an elliptical patch on basal half of costa. 
Beneath the markings repeated. Expanse, 26 mm. 

One female, Tehuacan, Mexico, July, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12831, U.S.N.M. 


ZAMOLIS, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 toward middle of cell, 3 from before angle, 
4 and 5 separated, 6 from upper angle of cell, 7 and 8 stalked, 9 
and 10 stalked, no accessory cell, 11 from the cell; hind wing with 
vein 4 absent, 3 and 5 separate at origin, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 joined to 
cell for basal third. Palpi short, porrect; tongue small; front with a 
rounded conical projection. Hind tibiz with four small spurs. The 
ocelli are large and distinct. 

Type of the genus.—Zamolis noctella, new species. 


ZAMOLIS NOCTELLA, new species. 


Black, unmarked, the fore wing with a brownish metallic luster, the 
hind wing with a blue luster, changing to green on the inner margin. 
Beneath fore wing black, hind wing with greenish luster. Expanse, 
26 mm. 

One male, Cuernavaca, Mexico, July, 1909 (R. Miiller). 

Type.Cat. No. 12832, U.S.N.M. 


@ Cat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1901, p. 164. 


236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ‘You. 38. 





Genus IDALUS Walker. 


IDALUS AGRICUS, new species. 


Head and thorax white, collar tipped behind with crimson; patagia 
with an ocher mark, a few ocher and crimson hairs on disk of thorax. 
Abdomen crimson above, the tip white, all white below. Fore wing 
pale ocher yellow, the costa white; basal space pale gray, cut into 
bars by the whitish veins, narrow on costa, a crimson mark on inner 
margin at base; an upright pale gray band across end of cell, expanded 
on costa and below vein 2, cut into bars by white veins and edged on 
both sides by white below vein 2; a crimson mark on vein 1 at anal 
angle; a round gray spot between veins 5 and 6 outwardly. Hind 
wing white, a little crimson at the base. Expanse, 28 mm. 

One male, Misantla, Mexico, May, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12949, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Idalus admirabilis Cramer and I. agastus Dyar (= piches- 
ensis Hampson, not Dyar). It differs from the former in the presence 
of a crimson mark on vein 1 outwardly and from the latter in the 
shortness of this mark and in the shape of the gray band. In agastus 
this band is strongly cut by the pale veins and is produced outward 
below nearly to the anal angle, while in agricus it is only faintly cut 
by the veins and is but slightly produced, terminating roundedly 
between the veins. 





Family NOCTUID. 
Genus EUXOA Hubner. 


EUXOA CATACLIVIS, new species. 


Thorax with black and brown scales intermixed, without lines; 
abdomen dark. Fore wing blackish gray over the lower half, the 
costa dark, a light clay-colored shade over the cell; lines nearly obso- 
lete, the inner faintly indicated below the cell, the outer traceable 
throughout its course, single, dentate, and dotted on the veins; orbicu- 
lar small, round, black; reniform pale-filled, doubly ringed with black; 
oribicular much elongate, lanceolate, joining the reinform and running 
nearly to the base of the wing, with a central black dash; outer part 
of the cell and beyond black-filled, the veims beyond black-lined, the 
inner spaces clay colored with central dark dashes; fringe dark with 
light points at the bases of the veins. Hind wings whitish, shaded 
with fuscous, especially along the margin. Expanse, 33 mm. 

One male, Orizaba, Mexico, September, 1901 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12950, U.S.N.M. 

Nearly allied to Euzoa proclivis Smith (=oaxacana Schaus); dis- 
tinguished by the light-colored cell and peculiar orbicular. 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 231 








EUXOA ARABELLA, new species. 


Head and thorax purplish gray, the tegule with a black band across 
the middle; patagia with black inner edging; abdomen dark gray, 
the anal tuft of the male lighter. Fore wing purplish gray, lighter 
below the cell; costa broadly pale clay color to the end of the cell: 
space below cell to inner line with a deep black shade; cell filled in 
with black around the ordinary spots to outer line; a black shade 
along middle of outer margin; lines faint, single, crenulate, blackish, 
the inner with a small black spot in place of the claviform; orbicular 
minute, rounded, pale clay color; reniform large, pale clay color, 
contrasted, with an inner concentric brown ring; a terminal black 
line, dentated between the veins; fringe pale clay color, interlined 
with brown; a brownish shade along the costal edge. Hind wing 
whitish, without shadings, a fine dusky terminal line. Expanse, 
37 mm. 

One male, Cuernavaca, State of Morelos, Mexico, August, 1906 
(W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12953, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Euxoa albicosta Smith (=manethusa Druce), but distinctly 
broader-winged, the costal shade broader, less firmly limited and not 
lined; reniform also much larger. The frontal structure also differs; 
in albicosta the front is roundedly protuberant, irregularly roughened 
with a transverse line below; in arabelia the central raised area is 
crossed by irregular transverse ridges forming a distinct central 
elliptical area. 





Genus AGROTIS Ochsenheimer. 


AGROTIS INCUMBENS, new species. 


Head ferruginous red; tegule black behind, clay colored in front 
with a white line separating the colors; thorax red-brown; abdomen 
gray-brown. Fore wing red-brown powdered with ocherous out- 
wardly, the costa broadly clayey yellow, becoming diffused beyond 
the middle; a large black mark at the base below median vein; a 
black dash in the upper part of cell before orbicular; inner line faint, 
blackish, narrow, single, running outward along vein 1, then curving 
to inner margin almost at the middle; claviform absent; orbicular 
a large, round, ocherous ring; reniform large, diffused, blackish, 
partly bordered with ocherous irroration; outer line straight, curved 
a little toward costa, diffused, composed of ocherous irrorations with 
a little black shading within; subterminal line composed of two 
wavy lines of ocherous irroration, inclosing an area of the red ground; 
fringe red, lighter and more orange tinted than the rest of the wing. 
Hind wings fuscous shaded, the veins darker; fringe pale clay color. 
Expanse, 52 mm. 


938 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


One female, Zacualpan, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, June, 1909 
(R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12951, U.S.N.M. 

Also four females from Cuernavaca, State of Morelos, Mexico, 
June and July, 1096 (W. Schaus). The species is allied to Agrotis 
mizteca Schaus (=mysteca Hampson), but is much larger, the costal 
shade diffused outwardly, the cell not black filled, and the lines 


different. 
AGROTIS AGIS, new species. 


Head and thorax dark brown without markings; abdomen ocherous 
brown, overlaid with blackish dorsally, dark red-brown on the sides 
and beneath. Legs dark red-brown, blackish on the tarsi, the fore 
tibie and tarsi light ocher-brown in front, fore wing ocherous brown 
in subbasal space and terminally, violaceous brown in the small basal 
space and median space; lines violet brown, not strongly contrasted, 
geminate, the subbasal line bounding the basal space, inner line strongly 
angled outward in the cell, elsewhere coarsely crenulate; outer line 
parallel to outer margin in its course except near the costa where it 
bends in slightly, finely crenulate on the veins; orbicular a large 
narrow brown ring, open above; reniform very large, outlined in 
brown, with a blackish cloud in its lower half; claviform obsolete; 
subterminal line red-brown, crenulate, diffused inwardly, forming ¢ 
slightly dislocated blotch on the costa; a row of terminal black dots 
between the veins; fringe concolorous with the terminal space. Hind 
wing fuscous, the veins darker, the fringe clay colored, touched with 
brown at the ends of the veins. Expanse, 49 mm. 

One female, Zacualpan, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, September, 
1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12952, U.S.N.M. 

Not closely allied to any Mexican Agrotis known to me. 


Genus EUCOPTOCNEMIS Grote. 


EUCOPTOCNEMIS APHRONUS, new species. 


Head and tegule ocher gray, thorax gray, without markings. 
Fore wing rather light gray, powdered with darker, the dark scales 
predominating in the terminal space; a small black mark close to the 
base below median vein; inner line of the ground color, relieved by 
an inward dark shade, slightly irregular, produced outward below 
vein 1; cell between the inner line and orbicular and again between 
orbicular and reniform filled in with black; a small oblique black 
dash on submedian fold below orbicular; orbicular and reniform 
large, concolorous, outlined in clay color, the orbicular with a small 
point toward the reniform, its upper inner angle open; outer line of 
the ground color, limited within by a narrow dark line, without by 
the powdering of the subterminal space; subterminal line, pale, of 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 239 








the ground color, a dark shade on the costa within its inception; a 
black line at base of fringe; fringe narrowly light at the base, dark 
outwardly. Hind wing gray, the fringe pale, whitish. Expanse, 
48 mm. 
One female, Cuernaveca, Mexico, June, 1906 (W. Schaus). 
Type.—Cat. No. 12954, U.S.N.M. 


Genus LYCOPHOTIA Hubner. 


LYCOPHOTIA ESPCTIA, new species. 


Head and thorax lilacine gray, the tegule crossed by a black band. 
Abdomen yellowish gray, darker shaded on the dorsum, the anal 
tuft of the male somewhat ocherous. Fore wing lilacine gray, the 
markings distinct, blackish brown; subbasal line from costa to sub- 
median fold; inner line marked on the costa, somewhat irregular, 
sharply produced inward on vein 1; claviform and orbicular absent; 
reniform an upright black bar joined to the median line and forming 
more or less of a blotch with it ; median line marked on costa, oblique 
to reniform, then straight to inner margin; outer line marked on 
costa, slender, crenulate, irregularly parallel to outer margin; sub- 
terminal line pale, diffused and pulverulent, situated in a dark 
shading, which obtains to the termen; a row of obscure dark terminal 
dots; fringe dark. Hind wing whitish, slightly shaded, the veins a 
little darker and the margin narrowly dark; fringe pale. Expanse, 
o7 mm. 

One male, Las Vegas, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12955, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Lycophotia lubricans Guenée, but not particularly allied 
to the form beata Grote, which is found in New Mexico. The present 
form is large and distinctly marked, and, though allied to lubricans, 
is, | think, a distinct species and not a local race of it. 





LYCOPHOTIA PELLUCIDALIS Grote. 


This species has not heretofore been reported from Mexico, but 
seems to be rather widely spread in the country. I have a speci- 
men from Mexico City, May, 1908 (R. Miller); Cuernavaca, State of 
Morelos, Mexico, July, 1906 (W. Schaus); Las Vegas, State of Vera 
Cruz, Mexico (Schaus collection), included with Lycophotia infecta 
Ochsenheimer (=incivis Guenée) by error, and a fourth specimen 
from Mr. Miller without exact locality. 


Genus TRICHESTRA Hampson. 
TRICHESTRA STIGMATOSA, new species. 


Head and thorax with the long scales intermixed olive green and 
black, the posterior tuft ocher brown; abdomen blackish, the tip pale 
reddish. Fore wing olive green (discolored to yellowish in the speci- 


240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





men), the subbasal space shaded with blackish; reniform and orbicu- 
lar joined to form a thick, conspicuous, white, bilobed marking, be- 
yond which black powdering fills in to the faintly indicated outer 
line; subterminal line white, dentate, visible near costa only, lost 
below in a black shade ; three white spots close to the margin centrally ; 
a black cloud at the anal angle; a terminal broken black line; fringe 
black and white. Hind wing blackish, the fringe irregularly black 
and white. Expanse, 25 mm. Beneath the fore wing is blackish 
with an outer black line; reniform and terminal space whitish. Hind 
wing irrorated with black, the apex broadly ocherous; discal dot 
and outer line black. 

One male, Zacualpan, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, August, 1909 
(R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12956, U.S.N.M. 





Genus HYSSIA Guenée. 


HYSSIA PRODENIFORMIS Smith. 


This species occurs in Mexico, though not hitherto recorded. 
Hampson treats it under Polia, but he had no specimens before him, 
which accounts for the error and also for the extremely poor figure ,@ 
which not only gives no idea of the insect, but is entirely misleading, 
not only the markings but the shape of the wing being wrongly rep- 
resented... I have a specimen from Mexico City, Mexico, September, 


1909 (R. Miiller). 


Genus POLIA Ochsenheimer. 


POLIA NAIDA, new species. 


Head and thorax gray intermixed with black, without markings. 
Fore wing smooth uniform dark slaty gray; basal dash black, long; 
lines slender, crenulate, illy defined, approximate toward inner 
margin, joined by a black mark at claviform; reniform and orbicular 
shehtly paler, rounded, black-ringed, the reniform with a dark red 
crescentic center; subterminal line pale, illy defined, waved; a black 
dash on vein 2 at margin; fringe black spotted. Hind wing whitish. 
Expanse, 25 mm. 

Two males, one female, Mexico City, Mexico (R. Miiller), one 
specimen taken in August, 1909. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12957, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Polia seminaria Schaus, but without the diversified 
ground color of that species. 


POLIA EUCYRIA, new species. 


Antenne of male ciliated; prothorax with divided crest. Fore 
wing dark brown from the base to the outer line, leaving a sub- 


aCat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus., vol. 5, pl. 81, fig. 18. 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 941 


quadrate pale carneous area on the costa at base; a long slender 
black dash in submedian interspace; inner line, claviform, and 
orbicular black, slender, the claviform somewhat relieved by a reddish 
shade beneath the cell; reniform elliptical, oblique, filled with a thick 
gray ringlet, finely circled with black, its inner segment of the periph- 
ery black, the outer segment white; outer line angled on vein 5, 
whitish, faintly edged within by black, a reddish shade in the angle 
next to the reniform; subterminal space carneous gray, terminal space 
blackish shaded, the subterminal line lost, indicated by slight pale 
powderings; fringe dark, interlined with pale at the ends of the veins. 
Hind wing whitish in the male, pale fuscous in the female, fringe 
fuscous. Expanse, 27 mm. 

One male, one female, Cuernavaca, State of Morelos, Mexico, June 
and August, 1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12978, U.S.N.M. 





POLIA PHAULOCYRIA, new species. 


Dark gray. Fore wing soft, shining, lilacine gray, the median space 
darkened by a blackish shading below the cell; at base of costa a 
large, subquadrate, pale, somewhat carneous patch, resting upon the 
slender black line on submedian fold; inner line geminate, blackish, 
wavy, obscure; claviform angular, black; orbicular an elliptical 
ringlet in the dark gray ground; median shade line broad, running 
close to the outer line below and just within the reniform; reniform 
black ringed, filled by a broad gray eiliptical area, the outer segment 
of the periphery nearly white; outer line angled on vein 5, pale, not 
waved, edged within by a black line, a reddish shading between the 
angle and reniform; subterminal and terminal spaces of the dark 
ground color alike, a little darker clouded centrally along the margin; 
subternfinal line indicated by a whitish powdering, unusually near the 
margin; a black line at base of fringe. Hind wing dark fuscous, the 
fringe pale. Expanse, 25 mm. 

One female, Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 1909 (R. Miller); another 
female, Cuernavaca, Mexico, June, 1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.Cat. No. 12979, U.S.N.M. 

The coloration is much as in Polia redora Dyar (described below), 
but the pattern of markings is more as in Polia eucyria Dyar, the 
preceding species. 

POLIA JOCOSA Schaus. 
This species has been made a synonym of Polia psittacus Herrich- 
Schaeffer, but it is abundantly distinct. The dark color on the disk 
of fore wing is continuous and not broken up by patches of the ground 
color, while two curved dashes of the green ground color nearly 
separate a triangular black patch near anal angle. There is no such 
marking in psittacus. 


Proc. N.M.vol.88—10 16 








242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38: 





POLIA RODORA, new species. 


Soft lilacine gray, shaded with brown through the center of the 
wing; basal dash slender, dark, obscure; lines geminate, slender, 
black, scarcely crenulate, illy defined; claviform outlined by brown 
above; orbicular concolorous, obsolete; reniform outlined in pale 
yellowish, the line defining it very fine within, thickest without in the 
emargination; subterminal line flexuous, pale, running into a lilacine 
subapical cloud; fringe dark and spotted with blackish. Hind wing 
whitish toward the base, dark fuscous outwardly, the veins dark; 
fringe pale. Expanse, 28 mm. 

One female, Mexico City, Mexico, August, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12958, U.S.N.M. 

The species has the general coloration of Polia pensilis Grote. It is 
smaller, the lines well separated, not united by the claviform as in 
that species. 





POLIA SURGENS, new species. 


Fore wing gray, shaded with brown in the median and subterminal 
spaces; lines geminate, powdery, black, the subbasal from costa to 
submedian fold, fo:lowed by a black cloud on inner margin; inner and 
outer lines slightly crenulate, approaching each other toward inner 
margin, the outer crossing a large ovate pale yellowish patch above 
tornus; a blackish shade in place of the claviform; orbicular and 
reniform moderate, filled with pale or yellowish brown, ringed in pale; 
subterminal line slender, white, forming two ares, then ending abruptly 
above the mark at tornus, followed outwardly by black in its incision 
and inwardly below by three black wedge-shaped marks; terminal 
space gray-shaded; fringe dark, spotted with blackish. Hind wing 
whitish on the disk in the male, the margin fuscous; veins dark; 
fringe pale, interlined with fuscous; in the female darker,*largely 
fuscous. Expanse, 30 mm. 

One male, two females, Mexico City, Mexico, August, 1909, Septem- 
ber, 1909, October, 1908 (R. Miiller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12959, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Polia olivacea Morrison, but easily distinguished by the 
form of the subterminal line. 


Genus HYDRCG&CIODES Hampson. 


HYDRCECIODES ALALA Druce. 


This species was described from Mexico City from one male speci- 
men. Ihave a female from that locality, taken by Mr. Miller. This 
species inhabits the high table-land; the form mentioned by Sir 
George F. Hampson ® as a subspecies, occurring in the low country is, 
I think, a distinet species, probably the same as the following. 





aCat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus., vol. 5, 1905, p. 256. 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 948 


HYDRGECIODES ANASTAGIA, new species. 


Antenne of the male ciliate. Head and thorax brown, the patagia 
largely yellow and rufous intermixed. Abdomen brown above, 
more ocherous below. Fore wing yellow, densely irrorate with 
rufous; subbasal and inner lines of the ground color, edged with 
rufous; a straight brown line from near base on vein 1 outward to 
inner line at middle of cell; orbicular and claviform outlined in 
brown, the median space beyond these marks densely shaded with 
brown; mesial line brown, angled outward to lower angle of cell; 
reniform rounded, of the ground color, irrorate with rufous with three 
small white spots on its lower edge; outer line of the ground, edged 
with brown, crenulate on the veins; subterminal space light; ter- 
minal space darkly shaded, the subterminal line clearly shown by 
the separation of the colors, but not appearing as a line; veins nar- 
rowly dark lined; fringe dark. Hind wing fuscous shaded, the veins 
darker, the margin tinged with rufous. Expanse, 28 mm. 

One male, Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Type—Cat. No. 12960, U.S.N.M. 


HYDRCECIODES MENDICOSA, new species. 


Male antennx bipectinate with long branches. Pale clayey yel- 
low, the markings rather light brown; subbasal line obsolete; inner 
line upright, crenulate, single, most strongly indented on vein 1; or- 
bicular of the ground color, scarcely defined; median shade upright, 
bent outward narrowly centrally to the lower angle of the cell, this 
bend scarcely noticeable in’ the male specimen before me, but dis- 
tinct in the female. Reniform rather more distinctly defined than 
the orbicular with small yellowish white dots on its edge below and 
outwardly; outer line with its outer edge obsolete, a series of little 
bars on the veins forming projections on the inner edge; subterminal 
space light; terminal space darkly shaded, the limiting line twice 
inflexed; fringe dark, somewhat checkered. Hind wing pale with 
dark terminal line. Expanse, 27 to 33 mm. 

One male, one female, Mexico City, Mexico (Rt. Miller), one speci- 
men taken September, 1906. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12961, U.S.N.M. 


HYDRCGECIODES FELOVA, new species. 


Antenne of male bipectinate with short branches, about as long as 
the diameter of the shaft or longer. Yellow, densely irrorated with 
rufous, the outer half of the wing shaded with umber brown; lines 
brown, single, crenulate on the veins; orbicular and claviform of the 
ground color, neatly outlined in brown; median shade line distinct, 
angled on lower edge of median vein; reniform of the ground color 
with white specks about the margin, especially at the angles; terminal 


244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


area darkly shaded, the subterminal line appearing as yellow patches 
below the apex. Hind wing fuscous. Expanse, 32 mm. 
One male, Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico (Schaus collection). 
Type.—Cat. No. 12962, U.S.N.M. 





HYDRCECIODES DANASTIA, new species. 


Antennze of the male with short pectinations, shorter than the 
width of the shaft. Fore wing yellow irrorated with rufous, strongly 
shaded throughout with purplish brown; the ground color appears 
narrowly basally, in the stigmata and subterminal line; lines as usual, 
nearly lost in the general shading; median shade line angled on the 
lower corner of cell; orbicular and reniform with white dots and 


ict 


streaks around their margins; fringe solidly dark. Hind wing fus- | 


cous brown, the fringe a little lighter. Expanse, 30 mm. 
One male, Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico (Schaus collection). 
Type.—Cat. No. 12963 U.S.N.M. 


HYDRCECIODES ZINDA, new species. 


‘ 


Antenne of male serrate and fasciculate. Thorax ochraceous 
yellow and rufous brown. Fore wing yellow, irrorate with rufous; 
lines fine, slender, single, crenulate on the veins; mesial shade line 
strongly angled at end of cell, forming a right angle; claviform and 
orbicular outlined in dark rufous; reniform round, of the ground 
color in a dark rufous shade that extends to the costa subapically, 
with three small white dots on its lower border; terminal space 
solidly filled in with dark rufous, pointed inward at vein 5; veins 
dark lined. Hind wing dark fuscous, the margin tinged with rufous. 
Expanse, 33 mm. 

One male, Zacualpan, State of Vera Cruz 7 Mexico, August, 1909 
(R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12964, U.S.N.M. 





Genus ERIOPYGA Guenée. 


ERIOPYGA PSEUDOSTIGMA, new variety. 


As in Eriopyga rubripuncta Schaus, but the upper part of the reni- 
form occupied by a round, pure white spot. The markings on the 
wings are entirely as in rubripuncta, and I consider this form as a 
rariety of that species. 

One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, September, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type—Cat. No. 12965, U.S.N.M. 

a The State is notgiven upon the original label. I presume it to be the Zacualpan 
in the State of Vera Cruz, although there is another place of the same name in the 
State of Mexico, 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 245 


ERIOPYGA SUBLECTA, new species. 


Head and thorax dark brown, abdomen blackish, neck and anal 
tuft ocherous. Fore wing dark red-brown, base and subterminal 
spaces shaded with blackish; inner line geminate, curved, blackish; 
orbicular and reniform of the ground color, unrelieved; median 
shade line blackish,. gently curved; outer line geminate, its outer 
part punctate, excurved at end of cell; terminal space partly biack- 
ish shaded, the subterminal line indicated by the separation of colors 
of terminal and subterminal spaces. Hind wing dark fuscous, fringe 
paler. Expanse, 27 mm. . 

One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12966, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Eriopyga mesostrigata Hampson, but smaller, redder, and 
without the light color and streaks in the costal part of median space. 


ERIOPYGA PANTOSTIGMA, new species. 


Antenne of male ciliate, the abdomen normal, the fore wing with 
long, very sparse curved hairs on the under side of the cell. Head 
and thorax dark brown, mixed with blackish; abdomen blackish, the 
tips of the segments pale. Fore wing light brown, tinged with rufous 
somewhat irregularly; a black shading in basal space below cell; 
lines geminate, blackish, very indistinct, the outer segment of the 
outer line punctate, the line excurved over the cell; median shade 
line nearly erect, a little curved in the cell; orbicular and reniform 
filled in with black, not outlined, distinct, conspicuous; subterminal 
line black, waved, arising in a black costal cloud, followed by a nar- 
row space of the ground color, beyond which the terminal space is 
shaded with black to the margin. Hind wing fuscous, the fringe 
lighter and rufous tinted. Expanse, 28 mm. 

One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12967, U.S.N.M. 


ERIOPYGA STRIGIFACTA, new species. 


With the structure of the preceding. Thorax dark brown, inter- 
mixed with light scales, base and tip of tegule ocherous; abdomen 
dull ocherous. Fore wing gray brown, intermixed irregularly with 
ocherous and with dark red-brown, the latter especially in subbasal 
space and before subterminal line; subbasal line indicated by ocherous 
filling, edged with red brown; inner line geminate, irregularly angled, 
obscure; costa darkly shaded, the mesial line narrow, red brown; 
orbicular obsolete, marked only by a black point close to the costal 
‘shade; reniform indicated by a black lunule at base of vein 3; outer 
line very obscure, excurved over cell, with a row of white venular 
points on its outer edge; veins dark lined; terminal space darkly 


946 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


shaded, the subterminal line, powdery, broken, yellowish, with a 

similar yellowish mark between veins 2, 3, and 4. Hind wing yel- 

lowish, fuscous tinted outwardly; fringe pale. Expanse, 25 mm. 
One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 1909 (R. Miiller). 
Type.—Cat. No. 12968, U.S.N.M. 





ERIOPYGA ANGUSTIMARGO, new species. 


With the structure of the preceding. Fore wing ocherous brown, 
largely shaded with fuscous; ordinary spots obsolete, only the reni- 
form visible, defined as a space of the ground color in a fuscous cloud; 
inner line curved, blackish, ilty defined; outer line crenulate, form- 
ing points on the veins; subterminal line dark, distinct, submaculate ; 
fringe dark with light points at the base. Hind wing fuscous shaded 
especially outwardly; a discal clouded mark. Expanse, 23 mm. 

Two males, Mexico City, Mexico, September, 1909, October, 1908 
(R. Miiller). 

Lype.—Cat. No. 12969, U.S.N.M. 


ERIOPYGA RHIMLA, new species. 


Fore wing yellowish brown in ground color, but heavily darkened 
by shadings; median and terminal spaces filled with blackish shad- 
ing; inner line blackish, crenulate; claviform rounded, outlined in 
black; orbicular of the ground color with a dark central dot; reniform 
obscured by black shading except its oblique outer border, which is 
white; outer line produced into a point at vein 5, elsewhere straight, 
black, edged with the ground color, inclosing a light space between 
the point and edge of reniform; subterminal space with irregular 
dark reddish shadings; a black terminal line; fringe dark, with light 
points at the base. Hind wing shaded with blackish, the fringe 
pale. Expanse, 28 mm. 

One female, Mexico City, Mexico, September, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12970, U.S.N.M. 

Apparently allied to Eriopyga contrahens Walker. 


ERIOPYGA CONDENSA, new species. 


Male antenne very shortly pectinate, the branches not longer than 
the width of the shaft. Brownish clay color; Jines gray brown; sub- 
basal line geminate; inner line geminate, pointed on the subcosta, 
twice roundedly outcurved below; median shade line brown, distinct, 
angled at the lower end of the reniform, which it touches; orbicular 
a point; reniform solidly black, constricted into two lunules, stained 
with red at the constriction; outer line pale, of the ground color, 
even, followed at some distance by a row of pale and dark dots; 
subterminal and terminal spaces dark brown shaded, cut by the 
light subterminal line, which has a row of black dots within; fringe 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 247 


dark brown with a wavy pale line. Hind wing fuscous, lighter 
between the veins, the fringe rufous tinted. Expanse, 33 mm. 
One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 1909 (R. Miller). 
Type.—Cat. No. 12971, U.S.N.M. 


ERIOPYGA INFELIX, new species. 


Male antenne shortly bipectinate. Ocherous brown, more or less 
darkly shaded; subbasal line invisible; inner line single, strongly 
crenulate, the flexures pointed on lower half of wing; orbicular a 
pale ringlet; median shade line indistinct; reniform outlined in 
pale, clouded with black in its lower half; outer line crenulate, 
slightly curved at costa, outwardly dotted on the veins; subterminal 
line pale, powdery, preceded by faint indications of dark dashes; 
terminal space dark; a light line at base of fringe. Hind wing pale, 
the veins and outer margin shaded with fuscous. Expanse, 28 mm. 

Two males, Mexico City, Mexico, September, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—-Cat. No. 12972, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Eriopyga incincta Morrison, but a slenderer, narrower- 
winged species, the subterminal line broken and powdery, the ter- 
minal space dark. 


Genus HRIOPYGODES Hampson. 
ERIOPYGODES GRAMMADORA, new species. 


Clayey ocherous, the head and tegule tinted with brown. Fore 
wing with the veins broadly lined with blackish, the submedian fold 
narrowly so; fringe rufous tinted. Hind wing black with pale 
rufous tinted fringe. Abdomen black above, rufous below, the anal 
tuft ocherous. Beneath fore wing largely shaded with black; hind 
wing pale, streaked with black on the median venules. Expanse, 33 
mm. 

One male, Popocatepetl Park, Mexico, 13,000 feet altitude (W. 
Schaus). 

Type. 





Cat. No. 12980, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MELIANA Curtis. 
MELIANA PERSTRIGATA, new species. 


Fore wing light clay color, a little irrorated with black on outer 
half of costa and apex; a blackish shading beneath median vein, 
continued to the margin between veins 4 and 5, with a lighter or 
whitish edging above in the cell, which on veins 3 and 4 cuts the dark 
shade; a blackish mark between vein 1 and inner margin; fringe 
shaded with blackish. Hind wing whitish. Expanse, 33 mm. 

One female, Mexico City, Mexico, May, 1908 (R. Miller); a second 
female from the same place, April, 1909, is a little smaller with the 


248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


markings paler, but otherwise the same, except that the front is 
smooth. This second specimen, therefore, would fall in the genus 
Cirphis. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12981, U.S.N.M. 

The type with the roughened front belongs to the genus Meliana, 
but if this prove to be an abnormality and the species belongs to 
Cirphis, then it will fall near Cirphis multilinea Walker. 





Genus HOMONCOCNEMIS Hampson. 
HOMONCOCNEMIS POLIAFASCIES, new species. 


Bluish gray, collar, patagia, and end of thorax touched with rust 
yellow. Fore wing bluish gray, powdered with black and shaded 
in lower half of median space and beyond reniform; lines single, 
dentate on the veins, black, the outer line with white points at the 
ends of the dentations; claviform small, orbicular elliptical, reni- 
form compressed, but with deep emargination, the spots filled in 
largely with rust-yellow scales; these scales also edge the inner line 
within, fill in the lunules of the outer lines below and stain the sub- 
terminal line, especially at anal angle; costa with small black marks 
and four white points before apex; outer line near the margin, 
whitish, wavy, powdery and clouded, but well contrasted. Hind 
wing black, the interspaces below the cell whitish, the fringe pale with 
black central line. Expanse, 35 mm. 

One female, Zacualpan, Mexico, September, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12982, U.S.N.M. 





Genus CROPIA Walker. 
CROPIA EUROPS, new species. 


Head and thorax dark brown, shading to black; abdomen brown, 
the dorsal tufts darker. Fore wing dark brown, shaded with black 
and blue basally and broadly along submedian space to outer mar- 
gin, again in a dash between veins 4 and 5; subbasal line gemi- 
nate, crenulate, black; inner line similar, both obscure; claviform 
large, elliptical; orbicular similar; reniform very large, a black line, 
filled with the brown ground color, a pale brownish lunule near 
its center; median line oblique from costa to reniform, lost below; 
outer line black, faintly doubled, wavy, roundedly produced outward 
at vein 4; an irregular clear brownish ocherous space centrally sub- 
terminally, forming an expansion of the subterminal line, which is 
of this color, powdery, broken, waved, situated near the margin; 
irregular black saggitate marks are enclosed in the light subterminal 
area; fringe stained with reddish brown. Hind wing brown, with 
an outer fine wavy black line; a series of illy defined ocherous spot- 
tings subterminally; fringe as on fore wing. Expanse, 55 mm. 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 249 





One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 1909 (R. Miller); one 
female, Guadalajara, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12983, U.S.N.M. 

The antenne of the male are pectinate, with short lamellate branches. 


CROPIA ISIDORA, new species. 


Head brownish black; thorax clothed with dense. silver-gray- 
tipped scales. Abdomen with large black dorsal.tufts on the third 
and fourth segments. Fore wing dark lilacine brown, more blackish 
within the outer line; lines black, distinct; subbasal line single; 
some silvery whitish scales on inner margin; inner line irregularly 
wavy, joined by a bar on submedian fold to the outer line, which is 
outcurved in the middle and incurved on vein 1; an erect black bar 
from the connecting dash to orbicular; orbicular and reniform bro- 
kenly outlined in black, powdered and irregularly centered with white 
scales; outer line irregularly bluntly dentate, excurved above, in- 
curved below vein 2; terminal space with a black bar on submedian 
space and on vein 5; subterminal line blackish, waved, faint, and 
preceded by blackish spots above vein 5; below this point the lines are 
composed of a series of ocherous white spots, two of which are inclosed 
by the black bars; between the lower segment of subterminal line 
and outer line is much white powdering, which indicates a faint 
outer duplication of the outer line; a black line at base of the con- 
colorous fringe. Hind wing brown with a mesial shaded black line ; 
outer margin powdered with ocherous white, most broadly so at anal 
angle. Expanse, 42 mm. 

One male, Orizaba, Mexico, November, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type-—Cat. No. 12989, U.S.N.M. 

The antennez of the male are simple. The species seems allied to 
Cropia hadenoides Walker, which is not before me. 


CROPIA CONSONENS, new name. 


In referring to Cropia hadenoides Walker, it should be noted that 
Walker also described Homoptera hadenoides,” which is a Cropia 
as seen by specimens which Mr. Schaus has compared with the type 
in the Oxford Museum. I therefore propose the above name on 
account of the preoccupation of the specific name in the genus. 
Three females are before me. The species seems most nearly allied 
to Cropia templada Schaus, but is larger, without the subapical 
white shade and with a large brown-black patch in the lower third 
of the median space between the lines. The specimens are from 
Venezuela and French Guiana, and are referred to in this paper only 
for the purpose of straightening out the names in the genus. 


aCat. Brit. Mus., vol. 15, p. 1799, 1858. 


250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


CROPIA RUTHAA, new species. 


Antenne of the male with rather long pectinations, decreasing to 
serrations at the tip. Fore wing dark brown, lighter, ocherous tinted 
in basal and subterminal spaces; a white point at base; subbasal 
line black; an obscure black line above vein 1; inner line black, 
dislocated on subcosta, angled outward on submedian fold and on 
vein 1; a black streak from the angle along submedian fold to outer 
line; claviform illy defined, black; orbicular and reniform narrowly 
black-ringed, large, the blackish shades within concentrically ar- 
ranged; three black lines on costa, from the outer of which the outer 
line starts, angled outward along subcostal vein, angled on vein 5, 
very faintly doubled and followed by a paler ocherous shade; sub- 
terminal line pale ocherous, angled, broken, forming spots below; 
a black line on vein 5 from outer line to margin, broken by the sub- 
terminal line, a short black streak above it and two streaks on the 
margin above anal angle; fringe dark. Hind wing dark brown, with 
traces of an outer dark line; fringe irregularly ocherous spotted with 
a dark line at its base. Expanse, 35 mm. 

Cuernavaca, Mexico, July, 1906 (W.Schaus); also specimens from 
Guadalajara and Jalapa (Schaus collection), in all three males and 
three females. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12993, U.S.N.M. 

This species was confused in the collection with Oropia connecta 
Smith, but it differs obviously therefrom in the smaller size, broader 
wings, and the shape of the inner line of fore wings. 


CROPIA MINTHE Druce. 


This species is before me from Venezuela and French Guiana, and 
also a specimen from Misantla, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, the latter 
sent by Mr. Miller. The male of this species has the antenne 
tufted-ciliate, but without any trace of pectinations. Both wings 
beneath are washed with a peculiar bright brassy metallic shading, 
which is entirely absent in the female. It is allied to Cropia infusa 
Walker. I can not detect any difference in the shape of the inner 
line in these two species such as indicated in Hampson’s table. 

This is the first record of this species from Mexico. 


CROPIA PERFUSA, new species. 


Male antennxe tufted-ciliate, the segments somewhat lamellate 
beneath, but without pectinations. Lines geminate, black, the 
inner nearly straight, excurved only below vein 1; basal and terminal 
spaces of the brown ground color; median space entirely filled with 
black, obscuring all the markings, except a small, pale crescent 


aCat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus., vol. 7, 1908, p. 263. 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 951 


representing the reniform; outer line pale-filled, minutely wavy, 
most prominently exserted at vein 5, beyond which is a rounded black 
spot next subterminal line; a gray-white powdering in the subterminal 
space near costa; subterminal line pale, powdery and broken; fringe 
with a wavy black line at the base. Hind wing brown, with pale 
ocherous spottings near the margin. Beneath pale ocherous, the 
hind wing with two brown lines and a discal mark. Expanse, 38 
mm. 

One male, Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12994, U.S.N.M. 

The specimen was in the collection under Cropia infusa Walker, 
but, though allied thereto, it differs by the solidly black median space. 
Cropia infusa is known only from Jamaica and Santa Lucia; it is a 
smaller species, the male antennex with short pectinations, according 
to Hampson’s account. I possess only females of infusa. 


ZAZUNGA, new genus. 


Antenne of both sexes thickened, flattened, the segments doubly 
impressed on both sides, but otherwise smooth and without any cilia. 
Fore wing with vein 5 arising close to 4, accessory cell present, vein 
7 from near its end, 8 and 9 stalked from its end, 10 from near its end, 
11 from the cell. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked, 5 
from the cross vein near to 4, 6, and 7 stalked. Legs unarmed, 
clothed with long hair; front smooth; palpi moderate, obliquely 
upturned, the third joint moderate; vestiture of long hair-like scales; 
abdomen without dorsal tufts. 

Type of the genus.—Zazunga opinor, new species. 


ZAZUNGA OPINOR, new species. 


Bluish gray; head and collar a little lighter, the tegule with a 
blackish line before the tip. Fore wing with the lines blackish, illy 
defined; subbasal line straight, angled inward subcostally; inner 
line straight from costa to median vein, thence waved to inner mar- 
gin; claviform indicated by a bent line; orbicular outlined in black, 
with a round black center, leaving a whitish ring; a small similarly 
pupilled spot immediately below it; median shade dark, diffused, 
bent outward to touch the reniform; reniform large, outlined in 
black, filled with the ground color and with a narrow whitish lunule 
in the center; outer line indicated by a whitish shade, excurved 
over cell with obscure black points on the veins, edged within by a 
blackish line below, which forms a reentrant angle below vein 2; 
subterminal line whitish with venular dots, forming a black streak 
at costa and a longer one near anal angle; a narrow black line at 
base of fringe. Hind wing white. Abdomen pale gray. Antenne 
ocherous. Expanse, 35 to 38 mm. 


252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, September, 1909 (R. Miller); one 
male, Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus collection). 
Type.—Cat. No. 12995, U.S.N.M. 


ZAZUNGA ZETACELIS, new species. 








Light gray, thinly scaled, the veins darker; a darker shade on 
lower half of wing, especially in the median space; lines faint, dark, 
the subbasal bent in to base at median vein; inner line straight 
across cell, waved below; orbicular a black ring with a patch of pale 
yellow scales below it in which there is a black dot on median 
vein; reniform large, filled with pale yellow and containing a central 
zigzag line; outer line indicated by a pale shade and black dots on the 
veins; subterminal line similarly indicated, forming a black streak 
on the costa; a wavy terminal black line. Hind wing subtranslucent 
and grayish, the fringe dark brown. Expanse, 38 mm. 

One female, Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12996, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ISCADIA Walker. 


ISCADIA PURISSIMA, new species. 


Head and thorax white, sprinkled with a few black scales; tegule 
brown; abdomen gray, the basal tuft white and brown. Fore wing 
white, the scales irregularly roughened; a black patch at base on 
costa, covering inner line; a patch of yellow-green scales below it; 
a black mark above inner margin across the inner line with a smaller 
duplication above vein 1, marked with green scales within; inner line 
narrow, single, black, bent inward toward base below vein 1; median 
line represented by two gray marks on costa; orbicular a black dot; 
reniform brokenly outlined in black; outer line thick and oblique 
from costa to vein 5, sending a bar to outer margin, thence slender, 
running inward along vein 3, then sharply angled and arcuate to 
inner margin; beyond the line are a series of patches of green and 
yellow scales arranged upon a gray strongly waved line, which con- 
tinues above the oblique black bar to costa; a wavy brown shade in 
the terminal space; a terminal black line forming dentations of the 
veins; fringe spotted with blackish. Hind wing pale brown, broadly 
blackish along the margin, the termen powdered with gray; a black 
line edged with white powdering starts from near anal angle, but is 
lost beyond. Expanse, 68 mm. 

One female, Misantla, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, November, 1908 
(R. Miller); another female, in poor condition, Rinconada, State of 
Vera Cruz, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12997, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Iscadia similis Druce (Gadirtha similis Druce),* but the 
median area entirely white. 


a Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vol. 7, 1901, p. 79. 


ee ll 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 253 


ISCADIA DA©MONASSA, new species. 


Fore wing brown-black, shading to mottled brown on the inner 
margin, the apex gray-white; lines slender, black, single; subbasal 
line waved, a very fine line along submedian fold; inner line straight 
to subcosta, a sharp outward tooth below, then roundedly and 
strongly arcuate to vein 1, where is a sharp inward tooth, then 
rounded to inner margin; a line along submedian fold joining the 
outer line; stigmata absent; outer line starting on costa near middle 
of wing, running along subcosta to outer fourth, then roundedly 
arcuate to an inward tooth on submedian fold where it joins the 
longitudinal line, thence to inner margin with an angle on vein 1; 
long black streaks on the discal venules cross the outer line; outer 
margin strongly wavy, the fringe concolorous with the markings. 
Hind wing white, the apex fuscous shaded, especially on the veins. 
Head, tegule and patagia nearly black, disk of thorax brown. Abdo- 
men gray. Beneath the wings are white, suffused and dusted with 
gray on the costal region. Expanse, 53 mm. 

One female, Guerrero, Mexico (J. Doll); another female, Jalapa, 
Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12998, U.S.N.M. 

This species is not an /scadia, as the last joint of the palpi is short, 
and is only temporarily placed in the genus. 


Genus MELIPOTIS Hubner. 


MELIPOTIS MOSCA, new species. 


Thorax dark brown or reddish brown; abdomen light gray. Fore 
wing dark brown with a purplish tint, the wing narrow and trigonate 
in both sexes; subbasal line indicated by black spots; a rather broad 
pale brown oblique shade runs from the basal third of costa to the 
middle of inner margin; from this a similarly colored area runs below 
the cell, and curves up beyond it, forming a point on vein 6 and 
reaching close to the costa; this area is shaded around with black 
and narrowly edged by a black line except on the side where it bor- 
ders the cell; the inner black border is edged basally by the narrow 
black inner line, which is oblique and parallel to the pale area and 
forms an inward tooth on subcosta and submedian; orbicular a small 
pale yellowish point; reniform a small pale yellowish dash in the cell 
and another at its end, the two converging somewhat costally; sub- 
terminal line, narrow, pale, edged within by a row of black cusp- 
shaped shadings, with a narrow outer brown edge that widens as it 
touches the costa, reaching the apex; terminal space almost as light 
as the mesial marking; a fine, wavy, terminal black line. Hind wing 
white at the base, the outer half shaded with black, the fringe pale. 
Expanse, 34 mm. 


254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 


Four females and one male, Mexico City, Mexico, September, 
October, and November, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 12999, U.S.N.M. 

The sexes are essentially alike, the male having the mesial pale 
area a little narrower and straighter than in the female and more 
distinctly marked with dark shade lines. 





Family LASIOCAMPIDE. 
Genus METANASTRIA Hubner. 


METANASTRIA GUSTANDA, new species. 


Reddish gray, the terminal space more gray, with a gray streak 
from the base through the cell, indistinctly joining the terminal gray- 
ish area; four straight lines across the wing, the first two erect, the 
outer two more oblique, the first, second, and fourth edged outwardly 
with brown, the third inwardly so edged; a white discal point; sub- 
terminal line irregular, composed of pale oblique streaks between the 
veins. Hind wing dark red. Abdomen red above and below, the 
sides and tip brown. Expanse, 73 mm. 

One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 1909 (R. Miiller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13000, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Metanastria championi Druce, but with narrower wings 
and differently colored. 


Genus TOLYPE Hubner. 


TOLYPE CELESTE, new species. 


White, the thorax marked with gray, the abdomen ringed with 
gray. Fore wing with a grayish overcast, and crossed by wavy dark 
gray lines; three lines on the basal part of the wing, separated by 
two linear lines of the ground color; median space wide above, includ- 
ing a black sublunate discal mark, narrow below and cut off by the 
approximating lines into a round space below vein 2; four lines 
beyond, the first two separated by a linear white line, the others 
waved, confused, subconfluent, limited by a white subterminal line 
that is dislocated on all the veins below vein 5 and forms a patch 
between 5 and 6; terminal space filled in with gray; fringe spotted 
with gray. Hind wing white, a gray mark at anal angle. Expanse 
43 mm. 

One female, Misantla, Mexico, November, 1909. (R. Miiller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13001, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Tolype infernalis Schaus, but the hind wings are white 
instead of dark gray. 





bo 
on 
Qn 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 





TOLYPE ADOLLA, new species. 


White. Fore wing with broad pale gray subbasal line; two me- 
dian lines, well separated, nearly straight, cut by the white veins: a 
subterminal broad diffused gray line. Expanse, 25 min. 

One male, Misantla, Mexico, May, 1909 (R. Miiller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13002, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Tolype albula Druce, but the median lines are straighter, 
darker, and farther apart. 





TOLYPE MOTA, new species. 


One male, Coatepec, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13004, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Tolype albula Druce, but with more robust body and longer 
abdomen; the lines of the fore wing are essentially as in albula, but 
darker, especially on the coastal third, the median lines somewhat 
more separated. Expanse, 26 mm. 


TOLYPE DOLLIA, new species. 


White. Fore wing with two or three little black specks on the 
costa of which one situated subapically is rather large; from it a row 
of minute black specks on the veins crosses the wing; a little black 


ere 


QagD - 


speck at base of vein 2. Expanse, 32 mm. 

One male, Colima, Mexico (J. Doll). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13003, U.S.N.M. 

The woolly white body and wings almost unmarked make the 
species look like a Carama. 


Genus CLISIOCAMPA Curtis. 


CLISIOCAMPA ONISSA, new species. 


Fore wing ocherous, thickly powdered with brown; lines brown, 
a little lighter edged away from the median space. Hind wing 
brown, with traces of an outer darker line. Thorax and abdomen 
brownish shaded on ocherous. Expanse, 30 mm. 

Five males, Zacualpan, Mexico, April and August, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13005, U.S.N.M. 

This is the first Clisiocampa from the region below the Mexican 
table-land. Mexico City, on the table-land, has two species, C. azteca 
Neumoegen and (. luteimargo Dyar, which are varieties or derivative 
species of C. fragilis Stretch, which is well distributed through the 
arid regions of the United States and has many forms and variations. 
The genus comes from the north, from a former circumpolar fauna, 
a number of species being known in Europe and Asia. 





256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 





Genus CLAPHE Walker. 


CLAPHE CONSOLABILIS, new species. 


Thorax and abdomen dark brown, the edges of tegule and patagia 
overhanging the wings lined with pale; abdomen reddish at the sides. 
Fore wing with the basal space ocher, blotched with brown on the 
costa and limited outwardly by a double dark-brown line; rest of 
the wing pale gray, the veins narrowly lined with brown, a double 
row of dark dots in the position of the outer line and a faint wavy, 
linear submarginal line. Hind wing with the imner area broady 
brown, the basal space above this shade dark brown, limited by a 
blackish line, the rest pale gray with double clouded darker line. 
Expanse, 32 mm. 

Four males, Misantla, Orizaba and Coatepec, Mexico, May and 
September, 1909, and September, 1908 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13006, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Claphe albidifascia Walker, but the outer area paler gray 
and the base not overlaid with dark brown. At first sight the species 
looks more like Claphe gera Schaus®% and C. limba Druce,® but it is really 
not so closely allied to these in spite of the similar coloration of the 
base of the wing. 

CLAPHE CACOPASA, new species. 

Dark brown, the face gray, the front of the thorax lighter than the 
posterior part. Fore wing much elongated, dark brown, a little varie- 
gated with black near the base but without distinct lines; a broad 
pale ray from end of cell to outer margin; a narrow submarginal line, 
black, slightly wavy, near to and parallel with the margin. Hind 
wing much produced toward the anal angle, dark brown, with a 
double, pale shaded line on the upper half outwardly; a pale wavy 
line very close to the margin on the upper half only. Expanse, 28 mm. 

One male, Misantla, Mexico, April, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13007, U.S.N.M. 





Family NOTODONTIDE. 


Genus HETEROCAMPA Doubleday. 
HETEROCAMPA ANDRODORA, new species. 


One female, Misantla, Mexico, September, 1909 (R. Miiller); also 
another female from the same place, October, 1909 (R. Miller), and 
four females, Cuernavaca, Cordoba, and Salina Cruz, May, August, 
and September, 1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13008, U.S.N.M. 





@ Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 29, 1905, p. 313. 
b Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, 1887, p. 206. 


No. 1742. NEW En DOPTER. {1 FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 257 





This form so closely teseinbles Ile teroca ampa cubana Grote that Tam am 
unable to make a differential description and refer to Grote’s com- 
parisons and figure. It is possibly the same species. Other Cuban 
species are known from Mexico; but I prefer to keep it distinct for 
the present. A single male specimen from Orizaba, which was in the 
collection as the male of Heterocampa gelduba Schaus, undoubtedly 
belongs here. It is not in perfect condition, but appears to have the 
slencer angled line that runs up beyond the discal mark less dark and 
sharply defined than in cubana. The same difference appears in 
the females also. Also very closely allied to these species is Hetero- 
campa aroénsis Schaus from Venezuela and British Guiana, which 
resembles more cubana in the character of the line mentioned. I 
presume that these three forms are really only local races of one 
species. 
HETEROCAMPA GELDUBA Schaus. 

This species was described from Mexico, and seems to be not un- 
common. I have above taken away the only male specimen, but 
am able to supply another, which I believe is the true male. The 
specimen comes from Mr. Miller, and was taken in Orizaba in June, 
1908. It is easily. distinguished from the foregoing by the wing- 
shape. Both sexes have shorter, squarer wings than in androdora, 
cubana, or aroénsis. 


Genus NAGIDUSA Walker. 


NAGIDUSA SUAVIS, new species. 


Body dark gray. Fore wing bluish gray with slight violaceous 
tint, the costa shaded with ocherous and brown; base shaded with 
dark gray and brown, a narrow black line at base on submedian fold; 
inner line showing traces in brown; discal mark a brown curved line 
surrounded by ocherous shading; outer line indicated by brown 
dots on the veins, doubled, filled with ocherous, inclosed in an ocher- 
ous and brown shading on the costa; veins with short black dashes 
in the subterminal space, followed by dots. Hind wing wh-tish, 
the fringe gray brown; veins 6 and 7 marked in brown and crossed 
by a faint white shade outwardly. Expanse, 40 mm. 

One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 1909 Ch. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13009, U.S.N.M. 


Genus NAPREPA Walker. 
NAPREPA HOULA, new species. 


Head and thorax dark brown, the tuftings tipped with light scales. 
Abdomen light brown, becoming dark and tufted at the tip. Fore 





a@Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 5, 1865, p. 252. 


Proc. N.M.vol.38—10——17 


258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 


wing brown; inner line dark brown, strongly waved, produced into 
six finger-shaped processes, the one in the lower part of the cell the 
longest, the two lower ones with sharp tips; a brown curved shade 
beyond the middle, from beyond middle of costa to tooth on inner 
margin; outer line dark brown, with white tuftings on the veins, the 
portion above vein 4 strongly produced inward between the veins 
in four finger-shaped processes that reach to the cell; an especially 
distinct white tufting on vein 1; a dark shade between veins 3 and 
4: subterminal line indicated, black, narrow, waved; a black line at 
base of fringe, broken into a series of cusps. Hind wing light brown 
with a slightly wavy extra-mesial line, pale, dark-edged within, 
forming above the anal angle a black blotch succeeded by white 
scales, the whole marking powdery. Expanse, 83 mm.; female, 
110 mm. 

One male, two females, Coatepec, Mexico (Schaus collection); 
Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection); Mirador, Mexico, May, 1908 
(R. Miiller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13010, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Naprepa cyllota Druce, but without the black and white 
rings on the abdomen. 


Genus PSEUDHAPIGIA Schaus. 


PSEUDHAPIGIA MISERICORDIA, new species. 


Thorax dark brown; abdomen gray, lighter at base and tip. Fore 
wing dark brown, somewhat bronzy, irregularly shaded or almost 
mottled with blackish, which terminates with a wavy outline in the 
middle of the subterminal space; inner line oblique from basal fourth 
of costa to middle of inner margin, single, blackish, indistinct; discal 
marks an orbicular in upper part of cell and larger reniform in lower 
angle, filled with dark red-brown without metallic scales, the two in 
an oblique line which would run from inception of inner line on 
costa to termination of vein 3 on outer margin; outer line straight 
from outer fourth of costa to inner margin beyond the tooth, bent 
a little on vein 1 only, blackish without, pale within; subterminal 
line black, slender, produced between the veins into a series of loops; 
marked with silvery scales subapically; terminal space darkly shaded 
near apex. Hind wing brown, unmarked, the veins a little darker. 
Expanse, 60 mm. 

One male, Santa Rosa, Mexico, August, 1906 (W. Schaus); also 
three males and four females, Cuernavaca, Mexico, July and August, 
1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13011, U.S.N.M. 





@ The locality is so given on the specimen, but the location is unknown to me. 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. ., 259 





Allied to Pseudhapigia xolotl Schaus, but larger, darker and without 
silvery scales on the discal marks, which are also further apart and 
more obliquely placed. The antenne of the female have shorter 
pectinations than in zoloil. 

I place this species in Pseudhapigia, although it might perhaps be 
better placed in the next genus. The antennex are pectinated within 
a few joints of the tip, while veins 3 and 4 of hind wing are approxi- 
mate at origin or only slightly separated. 


HAPIGIODES, new genus. 


Near Pseudhapigia Schaus, but veins 3 and 4 of hind wings apart 
and the antenne pectinated on the basal two-thirds only. The genus 
falls in Schaus’s table with Colax Hibner, from which it is readily 
separated by the prominent tooth on the inner margin of fore wing. 

Type of the genus.—-Hapigia xolotl Schaus. 


HAPIGIODES XOLOTL Schaus. 


Hapigia xolotl Scuaus, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 339. 
Pseudhapigia xolotl Scuaus, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 343. 

This species has hitherto been known only from females. The type 
was a female from Coatepec, Mexico, and there are before me three 
other females from Paso San Juan, State of Vera Cruz. Lately, how- 
ever, a male has been obtained by Mr. Schaus on the Sixola River in 
Costa Rica. 

HAPIGIODES FREDERICA, new species. 


Head and thorax rusty brown; abdomen blackish gray. Fore wing 
rusty brown at the base to beyond the tooth on inner margin, lilacine 
shaded beyond; subbasal line erect on inner margin, black, slender, 
pale-edged within; inner line similar, forming arcs on the veins, the 
points inward, pale-edged without; discal marks, orbicular and reni- 
form, approximate, oblique, dark brown; outer line straight, narrow, 
dark without, pale within, bent on vein 1; subterminal line blackish, 
forming a series of loops between the veins, marked with silvery scales 
at apex. Hind wing whitish, a little soiled with fuscous. Expanse, 
54 mm. 

One male, Cordoba, Mexico, February 17, 1908 (I. Knab). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13012, U.S.N.M. 

Easily distinguished from its allies by the wing shape, the outer 
margin being prominent at veins 5 and 6, straight or slightly concave 
below, the tooth on inner margin very large, very much as in Hapigia 
accipiter Schaus, though the species is smaller. 


260 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38, 


Family GEOMETRID-®. 


Genus OENOTRUS Druece. 


OENOTRUS PHANERISCHYNE, new species. 


Black; collar, edge of patagia, and front ocher yellow; fore coxe, 
pleura, and sides of abdomen washed with crimson. Wings black, the 
fore wings with a large basal area, occupying three-fourths of the 
length of the wing crimson, the inner margin narrowly black; hind 
wing with a crimson patch on costa. Beneath this area is repeated 
on fore wing and runs to apex; beyond it the wing is black without 
markings; hind wings without markings. Expanse, 28 mm. 

One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, June, 1909 (R. Miller) ; another male, 
Guadalajara, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13013, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Oenotrus dispar Walker but the under side of the wings 
without yellow lines and the hind wing marked with red above. 


Genus HETERUSIA Geyer. 


HETERUSIA SUBSTRIATA, new species. 


Black; collar, edges of patagia, abdominal rings, palpi, and fore 
coxe yellow; tarsi ringed with white. Wings black, the fore wing 
with a large oblique medial orange yellow patch, separated from costa 
by a black line and reaching down to submedian fold; an oblique 
orange dash before apex. Hind wing with the discal area yellow, 
dentate on its outer edge and with a black dash at base. Beneath 
the yellow area of fore wing is repeated, the costa buff from thence to 
the base, interlined with red; a pale buff band across the apex, lined 
with red on each side. Hind wing with the costa and the whole inner 
area pale buff, lined with red; the inner area extends to the base of the 
fringe and is bordered with red and lined with it between the veins 
below vein 3 and in the cell; the outer edge is narrowly buff and there 
is inclosed in the red area two small confluent black spots. Expanse, 
25 mm. 

One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 1909 (R. Miller); twenty- 
specimens, Popocatepetl Park, Mexico, 8,000 feet, June, 1906 (W. 
Schaus); one male, Iguala, State of Guerrero, Mexico, June, 1906 
(W. Schaus); one male, Morelos, Mexico, 7,000 feet, June, 1906 (W. 
Schaus). 

Type.Cat. No. 13014, U.S.N.M. 

Nearest to Trochiodes cydonia Druce, figured in the Biologia Cen- 
trali-Americana, pl. 58, figs. 16, 17. 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 261 





Genus COENOCALPE Hiibner. 


COENOCALPE PENGUINIFERA, new species. 


Body dark ocher, face and spots on vertex white, edges of collar and 
patagia pale yellow. Wings above ocher yellow, shining, the fore 
wing stained with brown at apex; fringe white, stained with brown at 
the ends of the veins. Under side of fore wing yellow, the apex 
brown, containing a dislocated, submaculate, silvery band and a 
whitish costal dash within; hind wing pale brown with silvery white 
markings; a curved subbasal band, reaching costa and running 
broadly to base; a spot on inner margin; a curved median band, 
crossed in the middle by a broad stripe which expands in the cell into a 
capitate mark with a point toward costa and close to outer margin is 
trilobate; a blotch at apex and a bar from tornus showing two teeth 
outwardly on the veins. Fringe as above. Expanse, 28 mm. 

One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, September, 1909 (R. Miiller); one 
male, Cuernavaca, Mexico, June, 1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13015, U.S.N.M. 


Genus DICHORDA Warren. 


DICHORDA APLAGARIA, new species. 


Wings green, the costa mottled with dark red; lines straight, 
white, rather broad, the inner nearly perpendicular to inner margin, 
the outer parallel to outer margin; hind wing with the line straight 
from costa to above anal angle; discal dots of both wings small, 
black. Expanse, 22 mm. 

One male, one female, Guadalajara, Mexico (Schaus collection) ; 
another male, Mexico City, Mexico, August, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13016, U.S.N.M. 

Near to Dichorda consequaria Wy. Edwards, but smaller, the lines 
less rigid, the outer one subparallel to outer margin, arising on the 
costa far from the apex; the lines also have scarcely any olivaceous 
edging, and the veins outwardly are not washed with white. 


Genus OXYDIA Guenée. 


= OXYDIA SCHEMATICA, new variety. 


Three males, Orizaba, Mexico (R. Miiller; Schaus collection) ; also 
one male, Misantla, Mexico, November, 1908 (R. Miiller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13017, U.S.N.M. 

A variety, or local race of Oxydia crocallinaria Oberthur, smaller, 
without the ocherous shading, paler. The markings are essentially 
the same, though the submarginal black shade is generally reduced 
or absent. 





962 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


Genus POLLA Herrich-Schaeffer. 


POLLA HEMERARIA, new species. 


Tawny brown, collar and costa at base shaded with creamy white; 
lines on fore wing narrow, powdery white, partly dark edged; inner 
line straight, crossing the wing before origin of vein 2; outer line 
curved from close to apex to inner margin at outer third; a white 
shading at outer fourth of costa, running onto the adjoining veins; 
wing sparsely irrorate with black, with black discal dot and subter- 
minal spots on veins 2, 3, and 4. Hind wing with discal dot and 
traces of mesial line and subterminal spottings. Fringe narrowly 
white tipped. Expanse, 35 mm. 

One male, Misantla, Mexico, September, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13018, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Polla prelataria Herrich-Schaeffer, but with the lines 
well apart, the inner one erect and not angled outward to the discal 
dot. This may be Polla celeraria Walker. Walker’s description 
apparently agrees, but I have no specimen that has been directly 
compared with Walker’s type.¢ His locality is Villa Nova [Brazil], 
which would indicate a wide distribution if the species are the same. 


Genus PYRINIA Hubner. 


PYRINIA MINSERA, new species. 


Rusty brown, the area before the outer line on both wings a little 
lighter, showing a yellowish ground, heavily overlaid with rusty mot- 
tlings; indications of a discal dot; outer line on both wings straight, 
dark, with a leaden shade, on fore wing at outer third and parallel to 
outer margin, on hind wing near the middle. Beneath yellow, over- 
laid with rusty brown mottlings, the basal and terminal spaces of 
fore wing nearly filled by them, the hind wing showing a mesial line 
and heavy mottlings at base and terminally. [Expanse, 25 mm. 

One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 1909 (R. Miiller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13019, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Pyrinia castana Dognin from Ecuador and Bolivia, but the 
fore wing with the outer margin less straight and oblique and the 
markings on the under side of the wings heavier, especially basally. 





Genus BASSANIA Walker. 


BASSANIA UMBRIMARGO, new species. 


Dull clay-color; fore wing a little brownish shaded at base, the 
margins of both wings broadly shaded with dark gray, limited by a 
narrow purplish black line; on the fore wing the limiting line arises 


aCat. Brit. Mus., 1869, p. 98. 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 263 


on the outer third of inner margin and runs parallel to outer margin, 
then curves and reaches costa at apex; on the hind wing the line 
runs straight across at the outer third; discal dots minute, black. 
Expanse, 41 mm. 

One male. Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13020, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Bassania neropia Druce, but the course of the outer line 
is different. 

Genus STENASPILATES Packard. 


STENASPILATES RECTISSIMA, new species. 


Fore wing dark reddish brown, minutely speckled with black 
atoms, the costa broadly and diffusedly pale; lines straight, approxi- 
mately parallel, diverging a little toward costa, whitish, powdery, 
edged with black toward the median space; discal dot small, black, 
near to the costa. Hind wing brownish ocherous, shading to dark 
brown toward the anal angle; a straight blackish line across the 
wing beyond the middle, edged outwardly with pale toward the inner 
margin; discal dot small, black. Expanse, 32 mm. 

One female, Orizaba, Mexico, July, 1909 (R. Miiller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13021, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Stenaspilates apapinaria Dyar from southern California} 
but the lines all much straighter, while the color is darker. 


Genus ENDROPIA Guenée. 


ENDROPIA UNDULARIA, new species. 


Clay color, irrorated with dark brown; lines of fore wing wavy, 
the outer followed by a purplish shade, that largely fills in the sub- 
terminal space below; subterminal line wavy, similar to the others, 
followed by a brown cloud below the middle of the inner margin; 
discal dot small, black. Hind wing with the mesial line distinct, 
wavy, the submarginal line more strongly waved and narrower. 
Expanse, 40 mm. 

One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, April, 1909 (R. Miiller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13023, U.S.N.M. 

Much resembles the female of Endropia mattearia Schaus, except 
for the wavy lines. Both these species are allied to the North 


+ 
d 


American Metanema quercivoraria Guenée. 
Genus SELENIA Hubner. 
SELENIA VEDA, new species. 

Fore wing shaded with reddish brown or dark brown, except the 
costa and terminal space, which are lighter; the dark shade reappears 
more or less distinctly on the margin; outer line distinet, incurved at 
vein 2, white, narrow, relieved by an intensification of the dark shading 


264 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





within it; an oblique dark band on the middle of the costa is sharply 
angled opposite the cell and proceéds to inner margin close to outer 
line, but the part below the angle is often lost m the general dark 
shading; a similar angled subbasal line shows in some of the specimens, 
but it is generally still fainter than the mesial one; an illy defined 
dark discal mark. Hind wing pale clayey or whitish, sparsely irrorate 
with brown; an outer straight dark line and obscure discal dot; the 
shading is darker at the anal angle. Expanse, 32 to 37 mm. 

Four males, two females, Mexico City, Mexico, February, April, 
June, 1909, October, December, 1908 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 18024, U.S.N.M. ; 

Allied to Selenia belisama Druce, but with a differently shaped 
outer line. 

Genus TORNOS Morrison. 


TORNOS UMBROSARIUS, new species. 


Thorax clay color; abdomen dull black. Fore wing clay color, 
the outer third of the wing overlaid with black except costally, a 
streak running into the rounded discal dot, and another along sub- 
median fold; lines obsolete, the outer indicated by dots. Hind 
wing overspread with dull black, a faint, curved, wavy, mesial line 
alone visible, pale without, dark-edged within. Expanse, 34 mm. 

One female, Orizaba, Mexico, January, 1909 (R. Miller); also four 
females from Orizaba (Schaus collection). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13025, U.S.N.M. 

The specimens from the Schaus collection were considered by Mr. 
Warren to be Tornos scolopacinarius Guenée; but I have seen no 
specimens of this well-known North American species which at all 
approach the Mexican form. Hulst described Tornos abjectarius from 
Arizona, a type of which is before me, but it is only the dark form, 
robiginosus Morrison, which I can easily match in my Texan material. 
Hulst also described Tornos cinctarius as a variety of scolopacinarius. 
I have no type of this before me, but from the description it seems 
much the same as Tornos quadripunctata Warren, a distinct species. 
No locality is given for cinctarius; but Pearsall has supplied Florida 
and Georgia. Quadripunctata I have from Guadalajara, Jalapa, and 
Orizaba, Mexico. A comparison of types will have to be made, 
though it is unlikely that the species are really the same. 





Genus CCENOCHARIS Hulst. 
CGE NOCHARIS F@MINARIA, new species. 

Fore wing gray, powdery, sprinkled with light and dark scales; 
inner line black, wavy, bent on median vein; discal mark indicated 
by a slightly darker cloud; outer line black, wavy, nearly even in its 
course, from outer fourth of costa to middle of inner margin. Hind 


No. 1742. NEW-.LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 265 





wing pale gray, darker on the margin, the inner margin powdery 
gray; traces of a pale mesial line. Expanse, 35 mm. 

One female, Tehuacan, Mexico, September, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13026, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Cenocharis elongata Hulst from Texas, but larger, powdery 
gray, not uniform lilaceous gray, and the lines farther apart. 


Genus MERIS Hulst. 
MERIS MEXICOLA, new species. 


Dark gray, powdery, intermixed with olivaceous; inner line black, 
diffused, curved; a large clouded discal spot; outer line broad, black, 
narrowly excurved at vein 4, inwardly dentate on the veins, roundedly 
curved outwardly, the poimts of the dentations filled in with white 
dots; traces of a submarginal black line; a row of black points 
between the veins at the base of the fringe. Hind wing pale at the 
base, outwardly shaded with gray and olivaceous; a rounded dark 
discal mark; traces of an outer dark line, showing only on the inner 
margin. Expanse, 35 mm. 

Two males, Mexico City, Mexico, December, 1909 (R. Miiller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13027, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Meris alticola Hulst from New Mexico, but the wings are 
greener and marked with distinct lines; the pectinations of the 
antenne are much shorter. 


Family MEGALOPYGID. 


Genus MEGALOPYGE Hiuiibner. 
MEGALOPYGE LAMPRA, new species. 


Dark purplish brown, head, tegulxe and patagia with large yellowish 
white spots, abdomen indistinctly ringed with white. Fore wing 
dark brown on the basal half, the veins in and above the cell and an 
ellipse below the median vein outlined in white; the dark space is 
sharply limited at the end of the cell, thence incurved and outward 
to tornus; outer area with white lines on the veins and in the inter- 
spaces, forming a continuous white line next to the dark area, narrow- 
ing outwardly, the margin again brown; a dark spot above vein 6. 
Hind wing whitish, the veins narrowly brown; outer margin narrowly 
and inner margin broadly brown. Expanse, 30 mm. 

One male, Misantla, Mexico, March, 1909 (R. Miller); one male, 
Santa Cruz, Mexico (H. Schwarz). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13027, U.S.N.M. 

This appears to be the species figured in the Biologia Centrali- 
Americana (pl. 86, fig. 6) as Megalopyge radiata Schaus. However, 
radiata is quite another species, having no white spots on the collar. 


266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





It is known to me by the single female type from Brazil. M. lampra 
is allied to M. superba Hy. Edwards, but differs in the markings on 
the outer part of the wing. 


MEGALOPYGE CYRTOTA, new species. 


White, the long hairs tipped with brown. Fore wing white, shaded 
with brown, the white showing most distinctly on the long curled 
hairs of subterminal area; a rounded triangular dark patch on basla 
half of inner margin, composed of brown and purplish black scales; 
a black spot at end of cell and another between it and the margin. 
Hind wing creamy white. Expanse, 32 mm. 

One female, Mexico City, Mexico, June, 1909 (R. Miiller.) 

Type—Cat. No. 13028, U.S.N.M. 

The pattern of coloration is as in Megalopyge lapara Schaus. The 
present species is small and slender, the fore wings considerably 
elongated. 

MEGALOPYGE TRUJILLINA, new species. 


Seven females, Cuernavaca, Mexico, July, 1906 (W. Schaus.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 13029, U.S.N.M. 

Closely allied to Megalopyge trujillo Schaus, and possibly not 
specifically distinct therefrom. The specimens are somewhat smaller 
and show a yellowish olivaceous tint on the outer part of the wing, 
which is not nearly so distinct in trujillo. The whitish submarginal 
line on the wing is more or less well indicated, in the series considerably 
more distinct than in trujillo, while the whitish patch at the base of 
the wing is less distinct and contrasted, due largely to the general 
paler tint of the coloration. 


MEGALOPYGE CODIOPTERIS, new species. 


Five males, ten females, Cordoba, Jalapa, and Cuernavaca, Mexico 
(W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13030, U.S.N.M. 

Again allied to Megalopyge trujillo Schaus and to the preceding, 
but more divergent. The yellow color is still more intensified, 
forming the ground color, though still overwashed with brownish to 
the margin. The form is nearest to trujillina, being the same but 
lighter and more yellow, nearly intermediate between trujillina and 
Megalopyge defoliata Walker. One of the specimens is in fact labeled 
‘‘defoliata,” but I take that species to be the still lighter form in 
which the margin of the wing is clear yellow, the brown shading 
having wholly or largely retreated therefrom. In defoliata, too, the 
basal shadings are darker, having more of a blackish than purplish 
tint. 


No. 1742. NEW: LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 267 


MEGALOPYGE BISSESA, new species. 


Head and thorax orange yellow, more or less intermixed with brown. 
Fore wing yellow, the basal two-thirds overspread with brown, 
mottled with purplish, especially costally, with a brown semidetached 
spot at the fork of veins 7 and 8. Hind wing with light-brown 
shading on the basal half. Expanse, male, 30 mm.; female, 45 mm. 

Ten males, two females, Cuernavaca, Mexico, August, 1906 (W. 
Schaus); Santa Rosa, Mexico, July, 1906 (W.Schaus); also one male, 
southern Arizona (E. J. Oslar), and one female, Oracle, Arizona, July 
22 (AG. Hubbard): 

Type.—Cat. No. 13031, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Megalopyge ornata Druce and M. opercularis Smith and 
Abbot, but distinguished from both by the clear yellow margin of 
fore wing, which is not encroached upon by brown shadings. 


MEGALOPYGE LANATA Stoll. 


This species is subject to rather marked local variations. The 
Mexican form is small and dark, the black marginal shadings not 
separated, but joined to the submarginal intervenular black streaks. 
The hind wings are dark, in the female sometimes solidly blackish. 
Stoll’s original figure of the female may be recognized, although I have 
never seen a specimen in which the median markings were so reduced as 
there represented. The figure of the male is wholly unrecognizable. 
Phalaena citri Sepp is clearly the same species with the median 
markings well developed but not strongly joined to the basal ones. 
I am unable, however, to accept the reference of Phalaena Bombyx 
tharops Stoll to this species, as [ can not reconcile any male specimen 
before me with Stoll’s figure. It probably represents some species 
at present unrecognized. 


MEGALOPYGE SUPERBA Edwards. 


This species is recorded in the Biologia Centrali-Americana as 
Gasina albicollis Walker. It is, no doubt, only a race of Megalopyge 
albicollis Walker, but the wings have very considerably less of white, 
and I think the name superba may be retained for the Mexican form. 
I have this same form from British Honduras and Costa Rica. 


Genus PODALIA Walker. 


PODALIA MISANTLA, new variety. 


Two males, Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection); Misantla, Mexico, 
March, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13032, U.S.N.M. 

This is the Mexican form of Podalia orsilochus Cramer. The true 
orsilochus from the Guianas is very dark, the markings on the fore 


268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 38. 


wing being dark gray-brown, the hind wing of the male solidly black. 
Specimens from Rio Janeiro, Brazil, are essentially the same, but 
have a little white on the edge of the hind wing, cutting off a row of 
marginal dots (form vesta Walker female =dorsimacula Walker male). 
- In the Mexican specimens the markings, while essentially the same, 
are lighter and more grayish, only the spot at base of costa and the 
subbasal spots in the submedian space appearing dark. The hind 
wings are white in the cell and beyond, brown shaded below, the 
veins darker, with a diffused white submarginal shade, cutting off a 
row of marginal gray spots. The form is allied to Podalia major 
Schaus, but this is marked with a still paler gray, while the hind 
wings are largely white, only brown-shaded below the cell to anal 
angle. Misantla is the most divergent form, as the markings are 
more separated and tend to be broken up into spots. In both 
orsilochus and major there is a continuous broad median shade curv- 
ing outward in the cell to costa; in misantla it is broken up into 
separate markings and does not give the appearance of a continuous 
shade. Orsilochus has the hind wings very dark, major has them 
very pale, while misantla is intermediate in this repect. 


Family DALCERID. 
Genus ANACRAGA Dyar. 


ANACRAGA SOFIA, new species. 


Fore wing pale cream color; a brown cloud subbasally in subme- 
dian fold; a faint brown clouding across the middle of the wing and 
subterminally; discal dot round, dark brown. Hind wing whitish, 
shading to cream color along the inner margin. Expanse, 20 mm. 

One female, Cuernavaca, Mexico, August, 1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13036, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ACRAGA Walker. 


ACRAGA CARETTA, new species. 


White; fore wing with a chocolate-brown shaded submarginal 
band, staining the anal angle and becoming faint and finally lost 
above; discal cross-veins and origins of veins 2 and 3 finely marked 
in brown. Expanse, male, 18 mm.; female, 27 mm. 

One female, Misantla, Mexico, June, 1909 (R. Miller); one male, 
Chiriquicito, Panama (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13037, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 269 


Family CASTNIIDA. 
Genus CASTNIA Fabricius. 


CASTNIA HECHTIZ, new species. 


Gray, the fore wing shaded with black at base below cell and in an 
angular mark at end of cell; a white band, starting near base, runs 
along above median vein to origin of vein 2, thence fills the interspace 
2 and 3 and runs obliquely upward toward costa just beyond the 
cell, terminating at vein 7. Hind wing orange-red, darker shaded 
in cell.and submarginally; a strongly bent black band at end of 
cell, a submarginal row of pear-shaped spots and the margin nar- 
rowly black, the black running inward a little on the veins. Expanse, 
65 mm. 

One male, Tehuacan, Mexican, June, 1909, ‘“‘on Hechtia’’ (R. 
Miller). 


Type.—Cat. No. 13038, U.S.N.M. 





Family COSSID. 
Genus XYLEUTES Hutibner. 


XYLEUTES STRIGIFER, new species. 


White; fore wing densely covered with erect black strige about 
as long as the interspaces between the veins, the dots larger and 
heavier along the costal edge; an agglomeration of black scales on 
the discal cross vein. Hind wing more faintly and sparsely strigose, 
but similar. Expanse, 33 to 42 mm. 

. Four males, Orizaba, Mexico, June, 1909 (R. Miller); Santa Cruz, 
Mexico (H. Schwarz). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13039, U.S.N.M. 

The specimens resemble Herrich-Schaeffer’s figure of Zeuzera can- 
adensis without the dark shadings and with the discal mark added. 
The hind wings also are more strigose. 


Genus ZEUZERA Latreille. 
ZEUZERA RAMUSCULA Dyar. 


Zeuzera ramuscula Dyar, Sci. Bull., Brooklyn Inst., vol. 1, pt. 8, 1906, p. 8. 


A large specimen is before me, the markings smooth and powdery, 
but the same species, I believe. Iguala, State of Guerrero, Mexico, 
June, 1906 (W. Schaus). The species was described from Browns- 
ville, Texas. 


270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 





Genus MIACORA Dyar. 


MIACORA DIFFIDENS, new species. © 


Head and thorax soiled rusty white, abdomen blackish gray. Fore 
wing whitish gray in ground, overlaid with drak gray except below 
median vein and beyond end of cell; a red-brown shade in submedian 
space across vein 2; strige black, rather dense, but obscured by the 
dark ground, a conspicuous streak from near anal angle up perpen- 
dicularly to costa and another submarginal one running down from 
near the apex. Hind wing brownish black. Expanse, 52 mm. 

One male, Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13040, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Miacora tropicalis Schaus, but smaller and darker. 





Genus GIVIRA Walker. 
GIVIRA FLAVESCENS Dognin. 


Eugivira flavescens Doanrn, Ann. Ent. Soc. Belgique, vol. 48, 1904, p. 122 


A specimen from Santa Rosa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico (W. 
Schaus), agrees well with a specimen from San Salvador labeled by 
Mr. Dognin. 

Genus;H Y POP TAsEubner: 


HYPOPTA SALOME, new species. 


Light gray, the abdomen dark. Fore wing mottled with white on 
the gray ground, especially at end of cell, below median vein and in a 
double series of submarginal spots; no strigee; a rounded triangular 
brown-black spot in submedian space below center of vein 2. Hind 
wing powdered with dark gray, lighter between the veins. A row of 
terminal black dots on both wings. Expanse, 33 mm. 

One male, Misantla, Mexico, May, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13042, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Hypopta pulverosa Hampson from Santa Lucia, West 
Indies, but without the coarse strige. The antenne in both species 
are very shortly pectinated. 


HYPOPTA CHILODORA, new species. 


Dark gray. Fore wing gray, powdery, the costa strongly dusted 
with white; two lines across the wing of raised scales, white within, 
blackish without; inner line slightly oblique, crossing the end of the 
cell, where it is somewhat bent; outer line a little more oblique, 
situated submarginally. Hind wing a little lighter gray, unmarked. 
Expanse, 31 mm. 

Five males, two females, Mexico City, Mexico, February, March, 
and November, 1908, and February, 1909 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. NO. 13043, U.S.N.M. 

The antenne of the male have long pectinations. 


san tt tel ti 


stn a aa 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 271 


- —Genus TRIGENA Dyar. 


TRIGENA AMAROSA, new species. 


Dark gray, base of thorax and base of abdomen with tufts of 
broadly spatulate brown scales. Fore wing gray, paler and more 
whitish through the middle of the wing, tinged with rusty brown in 
the apical region; an inner curved black line, nearer the base on inner 
margin than on costa, edged on both sides with rusty brown; the wing 
is dusted with rusty brown and with faint gray strigw, the latter 
becoming blackish and distinct subterminally, forming an irregular 
line, which broadens into a reticulated area near the costa: a distinct 
but irregular median line below the cell, edged with rusty brown. 
Hind wing white, translucent, not reticulate, but dusted with oray 
broadly on inner margin. Expanse, 37 mm. : ; 

One male, Cuernavaca, Mexico, November, 1906 (W. Schaus). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13044, U.S.N.M. 

Similar in pattern of markings to Trigena parilis Schaus from 
Brazil, but of a very different color. 


Genus ARBELA Moore.«a 
ARBELA NAIS Druce. 


Arbela nais Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, 1898, p. 450. 


? 


Described from Costa Rica. I have a specimen from Cuernavaca, 
Mexico, July, 1906 (W. Schaus). 


Family PYRALIDA. 
Genus STENOPHYES Lederer. 


STENOPHYES DISPARILIS, new species. 


White, translucent; fore wing of the male greatly elongated, of the 
female much less so, but with pointed apex. Fore wing with four 
dark brown bands, the first three near together on the basal half of 
the wing, first and third broad, second narrow and oblique in reverse 
direction; outer line oblique from outer fourth of costa toward anal 
angle, which it does not reach, but is reflected to discal mark and from 
there to inner margin at middle; discal mark large, quadrate, filled 
in with rusty brown; a marginal brown band which sends in a spur 
to outer line at interspace 5 and 6 and at anal angle. Hind wing with 
two straight broad brown bands and the margin brown, the edges of 
these markings a little irregular. Expanse, male, 27 mm.; female, 
22 mm. 


aArbela Moore, 1879, is preoccupied by Arbela Stal, 1865. Likewise Hollandia 
Karsch, 1896, is preoccupied by Hollandia Butler, 1892. Some other name may be 
available, so I do not propose a substitute at present. 


212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 38. 








One male, Cuernavaca, Mexico, June, 1909 (R. Miiller); two 
females, Guadalajara and Oaxaca, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13046, U.S.N.M. 

This species is listed in the Biologia as Samea zinghalis Walker. 
This was described from Venezuela, and while I have no specimens 
from that country, I have a series from Brazil, the Guianas, and the 
Lesser Antilles, which show a form clearly specifically distinct. The 
North American huronalis Guenée (=serinalis Walker) is. still 
another species. The three, huronalis, disparilis, and zinghalis are 
easily distinguished by the markings of the hind wings. 





Genus PACHYZANCLA Meyrick. 


PACHYZANCLA JUNCTALIS, new species. 


Gray, the wings semitransparent. Fore wing yellowish along the 
costa, especially at the outer third; lines gray, darker than the wing; 
inner line narrow, curved, without wavings; two blackish discal dots, 
orbicular and reniform, with a pale yellow bar between in the cell; 
outer line curved from costa to vein 2, slightly flexuous, thence inward 
along vein 2 and thence straight to inner margin at its outer third. 
Hind wing of the same color as fore wing, the costa and cell pale yel- 
low with a gray mark in the cell; outer line as on the fore wing, curved 
to vein 2, thence inward and straight to above anal angle. Expanse, 
32 mm. 

One male, Orizaba, Mexico, January, 1908 (R. Miller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 138407, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to Pachyzancla acyptera Hampson from the same locality, 
but larger and with the pale patches in the cells of both wings. 


CIRAPHORUS, new genus. 


Palpi porrect, rather short and with long scales, the third joint 
nude; fore wing with veins 8 and 9 stalked; hind wing with veins 4 
and 5 stalked, separate on fore wing; antenne with the shaft annulate, 
longer than fore wing, the legs very long and slender, the wings nar- 
row and pointed; front prominent, smoothly rounded, and without a 
prominence. 

Type of the genus.—Ciraphorus elcodes Dyar. 

Allied to Stenoptycha Zeller and Lineodes Guenée. 


CIRAPHORUS ELCODES, new species. 


Creamy gray. Fore wing cream color at base, brownish beyond 
the middle, shading to gray at anal angle; an oblique gray band from 
near middle of inner margin to cell; beyond it a hyaline patch, 
pointed outwardly and bordered not quite immediately by a black 


No. 1742. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 213 





line; a similar angular mark above it in the end of the cell with a 
little hyaline marking just beyond the cell; a fine black outer line 
running close along the curved tip of the costa to a point at apex, 
thence curved inward and outward again, running below close to 
outer margin to anal angle; the terminal space thus limited is filled 
with cream color and marked with black dashes just below the point 
in the line; a broken black terminal line, edged within by pale. 
Hind wing hyaline whitish, with the apex smoky gray; a broken 
terminal black line. Expanse, 27 mm. 

One male, Tehuacan, Mexico, September, 1908 (R. Miiller); two 
males, Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Type-—Cat. No. 13050, U.S.N.M. 


Genus EROMENE Hubner. 


EROMENE DIATRAALIS, new species. 


Male with the fore wing brown, tinged with ocher, a blackish bar 
across end of cell interrupted by some whitish scales; small black 
points indicated at the ends of the veins. Hind wing whitish, 
shaded with brownish at tip. Expanse, 32 mm. 

Female larger, the fore wing largely ocher yellow, a little irrorate 
with gray, especially along submedian fold. Hind wing pure white. 
Expanse, 43 mm. 

One male, one female, Mexico City, Mexico, May, 1908, and Octo- 
ber, 1909 (R. Miiller). 

Type.—Cat. No. 13051, U.S.N.M. 

Proc. N.M.vol.88—10——18 





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A NEW AUSTRALIAN CRINOID. 


By Austin H. Crark, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U. S. National Museum. 


In the summer of 1887-88 Mr. J. Bracebridge Wilson dredged a 
number of comatulids in the outer part of the harbor of Port Philip, 
near Melbourne, Victoria, and outside the Heads, which, on behalf 
of the Port Philip Biological Survey Committee, were forwarded to 
the late Dr. P. H. Carpenter for identification. Among them were 
five specimens which were referred to by Carpenter as “A. sp. nov. 
(prob.),”’ and he says further on that this form “TI believe to be a 
new species; but it may turn out to be only a strongly marked variety 
of A. pumila.” Doctor Carpenter intended to draw up a diagnosis 
of this erinoid, but he was never able to do it, and no further refer- 
ence to it appears in the literature. 

Thanks to the kindness and generosity of the trustees of the 
Australian museum at Sydney, New South Wales, and to the curator, 
Mr. Robert Etheridge, jr., I have recently been enabled to examine 
the entire magnificent collection of Australian crinoids belonging 
to that institution. Among the specimens are nearly eight hundred 
examples of Compsometra loveni from various localities and, with 
them, several of a species which, though allied to it, is quite distinet 
and shows no evidences of intergradation. This form I take to be 
the “ Antedon sp. nov.”’ referred to by Doctor Carpenter. It may be 
described as follows: 


COMPSOMETRA LACERTOSA, new species. 


Antedon sp. nov., P. H. CARPENTER, Proc. Roy. Soc., Victoria, vol. 1, new ser., 
1889, p. 135 (Port Philip). 
Centrodorsal thin, discoidal. with a broad flat polar area; cirrus 
sockets in two closely crowded marginal rows. 
Cirri XX XIV-XXXVI, 9-12 (usually 10), 7 mm. long, in general 
resembling those of Antedon petasus. 
Radials even with the edge of the centrodorsal; IBr, very short, 
slightly trapezoidal, about four times as broad as long; IBr, almost 
triangular, with the apex produced, about as long as broad. The 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. 38—No. 1743. 


276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





IBr series extend out horizontally from the radials so that the arms | 
lie quite flat as in certain comasterids, particularly in the genus 
Comatula. 

Ten arms 60 to 65 mm. long, rather stout in the proximal third, 
but becoming exceedingly slender distally. The distal intersyzygial 
interval is three oblique muscular articulations. 

P, 11 mm. long, slender and flagellate, with thirty to thirty-two 
segments, the first short, the next three or four about as long as 
broad, the following rapidly becoming elongated, and after three 
or four more about twice as long as broad, or slightly longer; the 
second and three following segments have the distal outer edges 
strongly produced, overlapping, and serrate, but this feature dies 
away as the segments become longer, so that most of them are- 
smooth; the elongated segments have slightly expanded ends. P, 
5 mm, long, slightly less stout basally than P,, with sixteen to twenty 
segments, of which the second, third, and fourth have their distal 
outer edges strongly produced; P, about 5 mm. long, resembling 
P,, but with a stronger production of the distal outer edges of the 
basal segments, and with this character persistent nearly to the 
tip of the pinnule, and bearing a large rounded genital gland extend- 
ing from the third to the twelfth segment. The following pinnules 
are similar to P,, but very slightly longer with slightly larger genital 
glands; after P,, the genital glands gradually decrease in size, dis- 
appearing on P,,. Distal pinnules exceedingly slender, about 4 
mm. long. 

Type.—In the collection of the Australian Museum, Sydney, New 
South Wales. 

Cotype.—Cat. No. 24324 U.S.N.M. Both specimens are from Port 
Jackson, New South Wales. : 





A REVIEW OF THE FLOUNDERS BELONGING TO THE 
GENUS PLEURONICHTHYS. 


By Epwin Cuapin Starks and WitttAm Francis THompson, 


Of Stanford University, California. 


In the following paper six American species, and one Asiatic 
species, of the genus Pleuronichthys are described, including two new 
ones. Types and cotypes of the new species are deposited in the 
U.S. National Museum. 

The distribution of each species is known only so far as specimens 
at hand indicate, for former records show Pleuronichthys canosus’ 
(representing four species) to occur along the entire west coast of 
the United States. 

The species of the canosus group are very well separated geo- 
graphically, though toward the limits of the area inhabited by each 
species there is more or less overlapping with areas of neighboring 
species. Specimens are in the National Museum or in the Stanford 
University collections, showing the following distribution: 

Pleuronichthys nephelus, new species, is known only from Puget 
Sound. 

Pleuronichthys canosus is found from San Francisco to San Pedro, 
California. Along the great length of coast between San Francisco 
and Puget Sound a species of this group occurs, but no records indi- 
cate whether it is Pleuronichthys canosus or Pleuronichthys nephelus, 
or whether, as is probable, both are found at some point. 

Pleuronichthys ritteri is known from San Pedro southward along 
nearly the entire west coast of Lower California, or south to latitude 
24°. (Albatross station 3042.) 

Pleuronichthys ocellatus, new species, is known from rather deep 
water only from near the northern end of the Gulf of California. 

Pleuronichthys decurrens is known from San Francisco southward 
to the Santa Barbara Islands. 

Pleuronichthys verticalis is known from San Francisco to the Gulf 
of California, or along the entire known range of three of the species 
that have been confused with Plewronichthys canosus. 

Pleuronichthys cornutus is known along the coast of Japan north 
to Hakodate. 

The drawings of the new species accompanying this paper are the 


work of Mr. W. S. Atkinson: 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1744. 


278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PLEURONICHTHYS. 


a, Origin of dorsal well below level of snout; at least 9 rays on blind side of 
DOD Y «heck eS AES SS erates ae tesa Set ea en ea decurrens. 

a2, Origin of dorsal at level of snout, or above; 5 or 6 rays on blind side of body. 
b') Body and fins uniformly covered with brown spots nearly as large as the pupil; 
no teeth on eyed side of jaws; scales 95 to 108 (Asiatic species)... .cornutus. 

b?. Body and fins not uniformly covered with brown spots (American species). 

c!, Interorbital ridge high and knife-like, ending behind in a sharp spine at least 
| diameter of the pupil above the surrounding level of the head; anterior 
bony tubercle overhanging mouth; no teeth on eyed side of jaws. .verticalis. 

c. Interorbital ridge not so high or sharp as described above; anterior bony 
tubercle not anterior to mouth; minute teeth on eyed side of mandible. 

d', Scales less than 75 in a series below lateral line; color very dark; broad 
irregular blotches of dark color with sharp, darker, edges over body and 


: fins; caudal peduncle short and deep with the tips of dorsal and anal rays 
almost, or quite, reaching bases of caudal rays; posterior interorbital 
spine very little, or not at all developed..............:-..-.--- nephelus. 


d?. Scales more than 75; color lighter; caudal peduncle longer; posterior inter- 
orbital spine developed. 

e!. No bony tubercle developed on anterior end of interorbital ridge. .canosus. 
e*. Two bony tubercles developed on anterior end of interorbital ridge. 

f*. A spot at about middle of lateral line conspicuously ocellated with 

milk white; scales from 84 to 91; gill rakers below angle of arch 

Titi Od = he se eed ala oi otic ene aoe eter eae ocellatus. 

f?. A spot on middle of lateral line often present, but not conspicuously 

ocellated with white; scales from 79 to 84; gill rakers 9 to 11-- -ritteri. 


PLEURONICHTHYS DECURRENS Jordan and Gilbert. 


This species may be at once known by the very low origin of the 
dorsal fin on the blind side of the body, the insertion being below the 
lower corner of the mouth, and at least nine rays are present on the 
blind side. 

Head contained from 3} to 32 in length of body without caudal; 
depth of body 1% to 2. Upper orbit, 2 to 3 in length of head; max- 
illary 4 to 43; length of caudal peduncle 4 to 54; its depth 23 to 3. 
Number of dorsal rays 71 to 74; anal rays 46 to 49; scales in series 
below lateral line 90 to 95; gill rakers 3 or 4+7 to 9. 

Head considerably thicker than body; the snout projecting beyond 
the dorsal contour, but less abruptly than in other species, leaving 
a broad concave area above it extending behind the eyes. The 
interorbital ridge bears a rather sharp spine at either end; the poste- 
rior one the larger; pointing backward and downward. In front of 
the anterior one, before the lower eye, is a small blunt tubercle, and 
behind the upper eye are two blunt but very prominent ones. The 
eyes are large and protruding, and the upper one is posterior to the 
lower. The dentition is stronger than yisual. There are three rows 
of teeth on the blind side of each jaw; one on the eyed side of the 
mandible; none on the eyed side of the premaxillary. 


No. 1744. REVIEW OF FLOUNDERS—STARKS AND THOMPSON. 279 


The dorsal arises below, or at a level with, the corner of the mouth 
on the blind side of the head, and about nine rays are off the median 
line of the body. The ventral of the eyed side is considerably 
posterior to that of the blind, and the distance between their inser- 
tions is contained ten times in the head, or three and one-half times 
in the upper orbit. The caudal peduncle is longer and more slender 
than in any other American species in the genus. 

The scales are small, not imbricated, and somewhat concealed by 
the skin, especially on the head. The dorsal branch of the lateral line 
runs back to about ten rays from the last ray of the dorsal, but the 
anterior branch is entirely lacking in the specimens at hand. 

The color in alcohol is brownish, sometimes mottled with darker, 
especially at the middle of the lateral line, and posteriorly at the 
bases of the vertical fins. The vertical fins are brown, sometimes 
mottled, and narrowly edged with white. The posterior half of the 
caudal is dark and edged with white across the tips of the rays. 

Here described from several specimens from between San Francisco 
and San Pedro, California, from 8 to 10 inches in length. 


Measurements of Pleuronichthys decurrens. 





Length of body without caudal, in mm..............2. 0... 222 eee eee ee eee eee eee | 144] 155 175 | 158 
Depth'of body in hundredths of length. ..-....-... 22-2. ccs secs sc seceeeseceee- | 50.7 53 50 54 
PENI U OL CAC ee eee aoe ee rere ata at is et sarah ees Sma eiee ist ciers mate ie sae 30 28 30 | 31 
iW pper orbit longitudinal diameter: .....c2.-2 22. cece secrete ecec teste ccrseee 9.8 10 10 | iL 
WDISEANCOACLOSS DOU OF Disses cnet c Seicie oe setae nos (eis eoein ein cose ine ese 13 14 13 15 
Length of maxillary.......... Se re ke orate Sree even rare eee Cera oes Ra Cll! [605 | 6.2 
Ventral of eyed side posterior to that of blind............-....-...-----2.--.---- 3 Se) 2a 3 
Moen tincaud al pedinCle: 2. 2c. s teeccw eA ein eee cies mete masecparecle slow eeonearaze eee 6] 7.5 6/555 
Depth of caudal peduncle. .........-- ee eee eee eee eee eres 10.5 | 11.5 | 10.5 | 11 
UNUM D EOL COLSAVTAYS: c2c.cen cn acrsen co mcioee Dens oe ecle oc aero wes Scee aca See 72 a 7h | 74 
AST] GELS ey ere Sat Oe. UD Ny IR eg Se eral ake Mea ctae Shara Se areas oleic es 48) 46 49 | 49 
Scales, below lateral line, in longitudinal series..................2.-2.-.-----.----- 92| 95 90 | 90 

. Es : a 38+7)|4+9]44+8) 448 
Cillerakers on first-elllarchese 213.9. sees oe see Se seee ae ta neces essen eke ees 13+7 | 44914481 448 














PLEURONICHTHYS CORNUTUS Schlegel. 


This species is apparently most closely related to Pleuronichthys 
verticalis, having similar dentition; a somewhat similar interorbital 
ridge and spine (though not nearly so high); and a small number of 
gill-rakers. It differs from it in the greater number of scales; more 
numerous rays in the dorsal and anal fins; a smaller upper orbit, and 
a shorter and more slender caudal peduncle. 

Head 4 to 44 in length of body to base of caudal; depth 1% to 2. 
Upper orbit 3 to 34 in head; maxillary 4 to 44; length of caudal 
peduncle 7-to 8; its depth 2. Number of dorsal rays 71 to 75; anal 
rays 52 to 57; scales in series below lateral line 100 to 108; gill- 
rakers 3+5 to 7. 

The dorsal contour is broken slightly at the eye by the projecting 
snout asin Pleuronichthys verticalis. The interorbital ridge is moder- 
ate in height, trenchant and narrow, slightly overhanging the snout, 


280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 





but not so much so as in Pleuronichthys verticalis. On it are two 
large prominent spines and a bony tubercle as follows: A large sharp 
spine pointing outward from the anterior end; a small tubercle in 
front of the lower orbit; and a large sharp spine pointing straight 
backward from the posterior end. On the posterior margin of the 
upper orbit are one or two very small tubercles, and a larger one is 
present on the anterior margin of the upper orbit. The maxillary 
extends to the anterior margin of the lower pupil, and is hidden 
anteriorly on the eyed side by the forward extension of the interor- 
bital ridge. At the posterior end of the mandible there is a prominent 
angle. There are no teeth on the eyed side of either jaw, but bands 
of minute teeth on the blind side of both. The left nostrils are as 
near or nearer to the right nostrils than to the dorsal fin. 

The dorsal fin begins at the level of the snout, or a little above, and 
has six rays on the blind side. The ventral of the blind side is anterior 
to that of the eyed side, and farther from the ventral median edge of 
the body. The caudal peduncle is somewhat shorter and not so deep 
as that of Pleuronichthys verticalis. 

The scales are very small and not imbricated in adults anteriorly. 
The lateral line has a dorsal branch running back to about the 
fortieth dorsal ray, but the short anterior branch may be absent or 
present. 

The color in alcohol is a light grayish brown, with small leopard-like 
dark brown spots scattered rather uniformly and thickly over the 
body and vertical fins. There are no indications of ocellated spots, 
or of regularly placed light spots such as are found on most of the 
American species. Among the specimens at hand are some colored 
partially or entirely on both sides. These have, in the latter case, 
more symmetrical pectoral and ventral fins; the upper eye more 
nearly on the dorsal outline of the body, and the dorsal beginning on 
a small free lobe overhanging the left margin of the upper orbit. 

Here described from numerous specimens from Tsuruga and 
Aomori, Japan. 


Measurements of Pleuronichthys cornutus. 








Length of body: without caudal, in mimi. 2. soe sf. 2 oo eneen ene eiine one = 175} 95} 105] 190 | 145 
Depth of;body: in‘hundredths'olileng thins eo. secs see ee nee eee ea aes 55 56 5( 60 | 55 
Lengthiotthead: X75 4. <kocn oe cart ce ak eee ee Oats m4 | | 28) 2% | 24 
Longitudinal:diameterof'upper orbits... 26. docs cnenan-e eee ataca ee eee- 8 8 8 8 | 7 
Distanceiacross both! orbits .= <f222 cere en eee ee eee enon. eee 127). Ut TS se 10 
Meneth of maxillar yes. oc see oa ante he cs ot ora ae Sn eee ee 5 6] 5.5 6 6 
Ventral of eyed side posterior to that of blind......................- ces 2 2 | 2 | 2 1.5 
Length of caudal pednnel Cote Se ek a UL, SS te ony 2 eee 3.5 3] 3.5] 4 3.5 
Depth‘of!caudal: peduncle). 2s Le ee ee eee 12| 125m 11 13 12 
Number of'dorsalirays:<< 5 525 (25 008k oo Sao ee oe ee eee eae 1 Eo AZ Tag eae 75 
AMS TR YS 5 es cease come Cee enc cement ae ie tek oem eat iene etraerenctaes | voz |} 06 55 52 54 
Scales, below lateral line, in longitudinal series......................---- 108 | 105 ; 100 | 100 ee 
Gillsrakers on: firstigill'arches)-<... &. o-couee eee ee ceee enema ee ee rere sae ack | ae) ae aoe 











No.1744. REVIEW OF FLOUNDERS—STARKS AND THOMPSON. 281 





PLEURONICHTHYS VERTICALIS Jordan and Gilbert. 


This species may be known from all others of its genus by its 
prominent interorbital spines, its greater anterior projection of the 
interorbital ridge and bony tubercles over the tip of the snout, by 
its fewer gill-rakers, and from all American species by its having no 
teeth on the eyed side of either jaw. 

Head 33 to 4 in length of body without caudal; depth, 13 to 2! 


“5 


5 


Upper orbit, 23 to 3 in head; maxiilary, 4 to 5; length of caudal pe- 
duncle, 5 to 6; its depth, 14 to 2. Number of dorsal rays, 68 to 71; 
anal rays, 45 to 48; scales, 88 to 96 in series below lateral line; gill- 
rakers, 2 or 3+6 or 7. 

Dorsal outline broken at upper orbit by the projecting snout. 
The interorbital ridge high and anteriorly is continued so that it 
overhangs the snout, its anterior edge being almost vertical. On 
it are two prominent spines; the anterior one between the anterior 
thirds of the orbit, pointing upward and outward; the posterior on 
the end of the ridge, larger and sharper than in any other species, and 
pointing almost straight back. It is above the surface of the head a 
height equal to 1 diameter of the pupil. On the anterior end of the 
ridge, in front of the lower eye,is a bony tubercle, and on the pos- 
terior margin of the upper eye are three conspicuous blunt ones. A 
trenchant short ridge forms the anterior edge of the upper orbit and 
bears a short tubercle just in front of the eye. There are small teeth 
in bands on the blind side of both jaws, but none on the eyed side of 
either. The upper eye is considerably posterior to the lower, and the 
orbits are somewhat larger than in other species. The maxillary is 
concealed by the overhanging bony tubercle for the greater part of 
its length. 

The dorsal fin arises on a level with the snout, and has five or six 
rays on the blind side. The insertion of the ventral on the eyed side 
is posterior to that on the blind a fourth or a fifth of the diameter of 
the upper orbit. The caudal peduncle is rather long; measuring from 
the base-of the last anal ray to that of the lower caudal ray its length 
is contained five or six times in the head. 

The scales are small, and are scarcely imbricated, especially toward 
the sides of the body. The dorsal branch of the lateral line extends 
back to under the middle of the dorsal, but the anterior branch is 
usually lacking in the adult. 

The color in alcohol is uniform light brown with blotches of darker 
faintly shown near the middle of the lateral line, and at the base of 
the caudal peduncle. The vertical fins are mottled with large brown 
spots. 

Here described from five specimens from San Francisco and from 
southern California, from 6 to 9 inches in length. 


982 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38, 





Measurements of Pleuronichthys verticalis. 








Length of body without caudal, in mm............-- dra oe eee 119 115 62 220 22 
Depth of body in hundredths oflength.--.......-..-- 2252-2 - a | 48.5 52 48 | 57 54 
Mengthiof heads. 2 ews ee ite an Deere ene oe ae aera 26 27 25 | 25 25 
Longitudinal diameter of upper orbit..........:..-.--..-.-.-------- O55 9.5 10 | 9 | 9 
Distance across bothiorbits#225-- ere tee eas eee oe eee 10 9 11 ‘10 | 10 
Leneth of maxillary: . 22 st cisse a eerae son nae ea ctclotel eee ee eeretets 6.2 Ono 6 5.5 | 5.5 
Ventral of eyed side posterior to that of blind......-...-...-.-.----- 2 2 2.5 | 2 2 
Length oficaudal peduncles e< - 252 ihe tens ceciosiewe cece enieelsniceiteeete 4.2 4.5 5 5 5 
Depthioficaudalipeduncles: ssa ce sen cn eee nee ae emotes 13.5] 13.5 13 | 14 14 
Numberofdorsalira ys: sonst es anne ee ne eee eta ete ee ane 71 70 68 | 69 | 70 
PATTY SoS sere cen Serene tee ate ee ere ee tte eta erepatetea = Mniere eae eet 45 48 48 5 48 | 48 
Seales, below lateral line, in longitudinal series. .............-.-.-..- 95 88 88 96 96 
pin 7 ; ; ‘ 
Gill-rakers'on' firstifill arches 2: sas cc oase oscaes co deees meee meee { 17 a aie aie ake 


PLEURONICHTHYS NEPHELUS Starks and Thompson, new species. 


This species has a fewer number of scales than any other of the 
genus; its low interorbital ridge is free from spines; and the ventral 
of its eyed side is not so far posterior to its fellow of the opposite side. 
From Pleuronichthys canosus it may be known in addition by the 
smaller diameter of the upper orbit. 

Head from 3% to 44 in length of body without caudal; depth 14 
to 2. Upper orbit 3 to 34:in head; maxillary 34 to 4; length of 
‘caudal peduncle measured to marginal caudal rays 7 or 8; its depth 
14 to 2. Number of dorsal rays 66 to 75; anal rays 47 to 56; scales 
in series below lateral line 66 to 75; gill-rakers 3 or 4+9 to 11 (in one 
specimen 12). 

Body very symmetrical in dorsal and ventral contours, which are 
evenly curved from caudal to tip of snout. The interorbital ridge is 
low and without prominent spines; at the anterior end are sometimes 
very slight indications of tubercles, and the position of the posterior 
spine is marked by little more than a slight angle, except in the type 
(the largest specimen) there is a blunt tubercle. The eyes are small, 
not very prominent, and nearly opposite to each other. The nostrils 
_ of the left side are close to the dorsal, and those of the right are not 
so far removed from those of the left as usual. The maxillary is not 
covered by the preorbital bones. There is a row of teeth on the eyed 
side of the mandible, but none on the premaxillary of that side, and 
three or four rows on the blind side of each jaw. 

The dorsal fin arises a little above the level of the tip of the snout. 
The dorsal and anal extend so close to the base of the caudal that the 
tips of their last rays nearly or quite reach to the bases of the marginal 
caudal rays. The ventrals are more nearly opposite to each other 
in insertion than in other species of the genus; the distance of that 
of the eyed side behind that of its fellow of the opposite side is con- 
tained three or four times in the length of the maxillary. The caudal 
fin is very conspicuously broad and round in outline. 

The scales are large and unimbricated over the entire body, some- 
times much buried in the skin, the lateral line ascending less than 
usually anteriorly, with a short anterior branch, and a long posterior 
one ending under the middle of the dorsal. 


No. 1744. REVIEW OF FLOUNDERS—STARKS AND THOMPSON. 2838 


The color in alcohol is dark olive mottled with irregular darker 
blotches sharply cut and darker toward their edges. A black spot, 
as large as the eye, distinctly ocellated is present on the middle of 
the lateral line. On the caudal is a larger, round, dusky spot; a dark 
bar across the base of the rays, and the balance of the fin mottled and 
edged with white behind. The vertical fins are irregularly mottled 
and very narrowly edged with white. 

Here described from twelve specimens from Puget Sound, Wash- 
ington. The type is 104 inches in length, and was collected among 
the San Juan Islands near the northern end of the sound. It is 
deposited in the U.S. National Museum. The cotypes are from 6 to 





Fic. 1.—PLEURONICHTHYS NEPHELUS. 


9 inches in length, and except two, which are from near Seattle, are 
from the same locality. They are deposited among the collections 
of Stanford University. 


Measurements of Pleuronichthys nephelus. 














Body length without cau- | 

CAL RAIN IN 2 Soper iahe orem 188 | 155; 1383 | 125] 171 160 | 163) 141 130 | 215), 109 124 
Body depth in hundredths | 

OMieN StH. 6 sans: et ws | 55.5 5 52 50 52 | 52 49} 52 50 49 | 51.5 52 
Length of head............. | 23 24 24 26 24 2 24 | oe 24 25 | 25.5] 27.2 
Longitudinal diameter of 

Upper OrDlb. 222-2 oc0.2. i 4). 8.1 8.3 7} 7.3 8 8} 7.5 8| 7.5] 8.1 9.1 
Distance across both orbits. 10 11 12 11 10 10 10 11 11 10 10 12 
Length of maxillary ....... 63571) .1620'| 6.5 7 6 7 | 6 | Be Gabreb a5: oso Tew 
Ventral of eyed side pos- 

terior to that of blind... . 2) 0.5) 1:5 | 1.5] Ded] 2 Lope leo Weel es 2 Lo 
Length of caudal peduncle.| 3.5] 3.5] 3.5 2 3) 2.5] 3.5] 2.5 3/ 3.5 2 3 
Depth of caudal peduncle. . 14 13 | 13.5 | 13.5 13 14 13 15 13) (01325 13 14 
Number of dorsal rays... .. 72 68 69 | 70 68 | 66 72 68 69 75 67 70 
Number of analrays.....-. 50 49 47 49 47 47| 49 48 50 56 51 49 
Seales below lateral line in | 

longitudinal series........| 75 71 68 | 75 73 | 69 | 75} 70 65 70 72 is 

Tae 3+10 /3+10 ]3+10 |3+10 |3+10 | 3+9 | 349 |3+10 |3+10 |34+11 | 44+9 | 4412 
Gill-rakers...........-..-. {et 9 13+ 9 |3+10 3 + any 3+9 3+9 [34 11 |3+10 [s+ 4+9 | 4411 





284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





PLEURONICHTHYS CCNOSUS Girard. 


This species differs from Pleuronichthys rittert in having no bony 
tubercle on the anterior end of the interorbital ridge; a greater number 
of dorsal and anal rays; a greater number of scales; a shorter dis- 
tance across both orbits; a shorter caudal peduncle; a lower, more 
symmetrical, dorsal, and ventral outline of body; a less abruptly 
protruding snout; and (in the specimens at hand) in having the usual 
spot at the middle of the lateral line absent. 

Head 3 to 4 in length of body without caudal; depth 2. Long 
diameter of upper orbit 23 to 3} in head; maxillary 4; length of 
caudal peduncle to base of lower caudal rays 8 to 84; its depth 2. 
Number of dorsal rays 70 to 74; anal rays 50 to 53; scales in series 
below lateral line 80 to 91; gill-rakers 4+ 10 or 11. 

Body oval in outline, the curve symmetrical with the snout scarcely 
projecting as it does in Pleuronichthys ritteri. There is a prominent 
angle at the posterior end of the mandible. The interorbital ridge 
is rather high and without spines save for a rather blunt one at the 
posterior end pointing backward and somewhat downward. Behind 
the upper eye is a small blunt tubercle not very prominent. The 
nostrils of opposite sides are three times as far apart as from the 
dorsal fin. There are three or four rows of teeth on the blind side of 
each jaw, and one row on the eyed side of the mandible, but no teeth 
on the eyed side of the premaxillary. The dorsal is inserted just at, 
or a little above, the level of the point of the snout, and about six 
rays are on the blind side. The right ventral is posterior to the 
left a fourth or a fifth of the long diameter of the upper orbit, and 
nearer to the ventral ridge than its fellow. The caudal peduncle is 
short and deep; measured to the marginal caudal rays its length is 
contained eight times in the head. 

The scales are small, nowhere closely imbricated, but much less so 
in large individuals than in small ones, especially along the outer 
margins of the body. The lateral line has a short branch running 
anteriorly, and a longer one running posteriorly along the base of the 
dorsal fin to opposite its middle. 

Color in aleohol dark brown with mottled, blended spots, slightly 
darker in color, especially at the middle of the lateral line, at the base 
of the caudal, and at the bases of the vertical fins posteriorly. A 
slightly dusky blotch is present on the caudal fin. The blended 
dusky blotch at the middle of the lateral line is not conspicuous as in 
Pleuronichthys ritterd. 

Here described from specimens from San Francisco and San Pedro, 
California, from 8 to 134 inches in length 


No. 1744. REVIEW OF FLOUNDERS—STARKS AND THOMPSON. 


285 





Measurements of Pleuronichthys cenosus. 








Length of body without caudal, in mm.........................22222 eee eee eeee 166 250 265 
Depth of body in hundredths of length. ...........22.-.....2.22.22.2..22-22--- 53 | 52 bs 
MOTE UI OU LLCR Ohare = aia eo rellalale'= crs sistereisisimye,ecleieidle 22d die a.se wd aw dian debe ceee na betichels 25 | 28 26 
Upper orbit Gongitudinal diameter). ....... 6.2. focck ccc ce dcn ea Soe sen reece eee en 9.5 8.5 8.5 
DIstance Across DOth OLbits =... 22 ssc e wee ees ec een cic ese ecu ecegcdetaueeneece i 9 | 11 | 11 
MCT SUMO NaN a Sal AMV cre crete ene cela inca peo Oe thc SaSsneceb oes cone ieee celle asc 6.5 6.5 i 
Ventral of eyed side posterior to that of blind ..................020..0...2..2--- 2 | 275) 2.3 
Length of caudal peduncle.........-.--.--- PSs Se aisles wine Se ee seek esc 3 3.5: | 405 
Meptoncandal peduncles se 2 os oe ec eee see ane ee cece eeteebeseasends: 13 13 | 14 
Number of dorsal rays.......-........- MOS age age ot RIOR OE eee oe 74 | 70 | 78 
Number of anal rays... .-- SORES ARE Aa A ete eee ee ee ea a Tea eee 53 | 50 | 53 
Scales in longitudinal series below lateral line.......-............. 200. .e eee eee- 91 | 91 80 

ean Seeley: a 'f 4410] 4410 349 
Gill-rakers on first gill-arches.. 2.2.2.2... 0200-2 e cece eee ce cee cece ee ceecee cess 1 4411 | tl | 448 


PLEURONICHTHYS OCELLATUS Starks and Thompson, new species. 


The nearest relative of this species is Pleuronichthys ritteri, from 
which it may be known by the presence of a very conspicuous spot 





FIG, 2.—PLEURONICHTHYS OCELLATUS. 


ocellated with milk white midway on the lateral line between the 
base of the caudal and the snout; by its fewer number of gill-rakers; 
its greater number of scales; the greater long diameter of its upper 
orbit, and its interorbital spine a little higher, sharper, and less 
inclined to bend downward. 

Head from 33 to 4} in length of body without caudal; depth 2 
to 24. Long diameter of upper orbit 2 to 2,4 in head; distance 
across both orbits two in head; length of maxillary 34 to 4; length 
of caudal peduncle, measured to marginal caudal rays, from 6 to 74; 
its depth two. Number of dorsal rays from 61 to 72; anal rays 44 
to 50; scales in series below lateral line from 84 to 91; gill-rakers 3 
or 4+7 to 9. 

The dorsal contour of body outlines broken conspicuously at the 
upper orbit by the projecting snout. The interorbital ridge is 
trenchant, narrow, and rather low, The spine on its posterior part 


286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


is rather low, and points straight backward. On its anterior end, 
close together, are two tubercles above the front of the lower eye; 
on the posterior margin of the upper orbit are two blunter, less con- 
spicuous ones; a very small one is on the anterior margin of the 
upper eye. The eyes are large and protruding, and the upper one is 
posterior to the lower. The left nostrils are remote from the base 
of the dorsal fin, but nearer to it than to the right nostrils. The 
maxillary reaches nearly to the anterior margin of the pupil. There 
is one row of very minute teeth on the eyed side of the lower jaw, and 
closely set, small bands on the blind side of both jaws, but none on 
the premaxillary of the eyed side. 

The dorsal fin springs from, or slightly above, the level of the tip 
of the snout, with five or six rays on the blind side. The anal and 
dorsal are equal in height, the longest ray is contained seven times 
in the length of the body. The ventral of the eyed side is much 
posterior to that of the blind, and at a considerable distance from the 
ventral body ridge. 

The scales are small and imbricated over the whole body, or at 
least in contact with each other. The lateral line has a dorsal branch 
running back from the head to about the thirty-fifth dorsal ray, and 
a short anterior branch is usually present. 

The color in alcohol is uniform light brown on the eyed side, with 
a very prominent dark brown spot ocellated with milk white at the 
middle of the lateral line. A very inconspicuous, similar spot is at 
the base of the dorsal and anal fins posteriorly. Spots of white of 
irregular size, but very indefinite, are scattered over the body, 
especially along the bases of the vertical fins. 

Here described from nine specimens from Albatross stations 3027 
and 3024, in the Gulf of California. The type is from the latter 
station, and is 6 inches in length. It is deposited in the U.S. National 
Museum. Cotypes from the same locality in the National Museum 
have been examined (16 specimens examined altogether). Other 
cotypes are deposited in the collections of Stanford University. 


Measurements of Pleuronichthys ocellatus. 


| 
Length in mm. of body without caudal.................-..- 100 | 124 103 115 110 96 | 103 
Depth of body in hundredths of body length..........-...-- 49.5 52 1 52 52 50 | 49.5 
sencth ‘oflieads)..2 Wis eeeek core te eee Oe ea Cee 25, | 26.5 | 2455 20 | 2555 24 | 24 
Longitudinal diameter of upper orbit..............---../..- 10 | 9 10 Ue) 11 | 10 
Distanceacross bothOrpiis soe care oe tee ee ee ees 12 13 | 11.5 | 12.5 i a2 | 12] 11.5 
benribiohmaxillary;.-tcsn<n2 . che ae eee a eee 6 7 7 7 7 7) S059 
Ventral of eyed side posterior to that of blind...........-.- -:] 2.5] 25) 2.5] 3 2 2 2.5 
Lenpth of candalneduncle22 a Ao es cee ee eee emcees 4.5 | 4| 3.5) 5.5m 3 3 4 
Depthiof caudal'peduncles- 2.22.5 0-22 0sc eect eee eee 12| 14/13.5 |] 13) 18.5 | 13.5 | 12 
Wumberofdotedl TAYSi 5-8 lee sche c eee cet ae nena 67 | 66 69; 61 7 66 | R 
ANID TAYS sa/oe a cone ut See cman ee eae ok eee eters eee oe 46 | 47 48 44 50 46 | 50 
Scales in longitudinal series below lateral line.............-.- 90 89 89 84 90 85 91 
Gill-rakers on first gill-arches. . . sqcetec tees teee terete rete ees Heke | ae ake ie 4 ae ee 
| | | | 





No. 1744. REVIEW OF FLOUNDERS—STARKS AND THOMPSON. 287 





PLEURONICHTHYS RITTERI Starks and Morris. 


This species is more nearly related to Pleuronichthys ocellatus than 
to any other, and may be distinguished as indicated under the de- 
scription of that species. 

Head 4 to 43 in length of body to base of caudal; depth 14 to 2. 
Upper orbit 23 to 3 in head; maxillary 4; length of caudal peduncle 
from 34 to 44, its depth from 2 to 24. Number of dorsal rays from 
61 to 68; anal rays 45 to 46; scales in series below lateral line, 79 to 
84; gill-rakers, 4 to 6+10 to 11. 

Body more strongly curved than in Plewronichthys canosus, the 
dorsal curve broken at the middle of the upper eye by the projecting 
snout, though less so than in Pleuronichthys ocellatus. The inter- 
orbital ridge is lower than in Pleuronichihys canosus, with two 
tubercles at the anterior end, and a low conical spine on the posterior 
end pointing posteriorly and slightly downward. On the posterior 
margin of the upper orbit are two small tubercles, and on its anterior 
margin a smaller one. The upper jaw has no teeth on the eyed side. 
There are three or four rows on the blind side of each jaw, and one 
row on the eyed side of the mandible. The nostrils of the blind side 
are closer to the base of the dorsal fin than in Plewronichthys ocellatus. 

The dorsal fin arises on, or a very little below, the level of the tip 
of the snout. The ventral of the eyed side is inserted posterior to 
that of the blind side a distance equal to one-half of the length of the 
maxillary. 

The scales are imbricated except opposite the middle of the dorsal 
and anal fins, where they are usually separated and somewhat 
embedded. The lateral line has a short anterior branch, and a dorsal 
branch running posteriorly to under the middle dorsal rays. 

The color in alcohol is dark brown with a small dark spot the size 
of the pupil, or a little larger, slightly posterior to or at the middle of 
the body, and two larger, more distinct spots opposite to the posterior 
fifth of the dorsal and anal fins at the base of the rays. 

Here described from six specimens from San Diego (the type and 
cotypes) from 44 to 10 inches in length.¢ 


Measurements of Pleuronichthys ritter’. 





Length of body without caudal, in mm........-- Se ae eae 124 8: 


3 192 158 85 27 
Depth of body in hundredths of length............--.....--. 56 | 54 54 | 50 51 52.7 
Ween onmnOmnesdiae sass. tas secs se as hea ccs cc ce ecw ccccle« : 23 | 24.5} 22.5 | 23 25 26 
Longitudinal diameter of upper orbit..............-.--------- 8 9 feo 8 9 8.6 
Distance across both orbits. .............-..-...2--- 22s eee eee 10 9.5 9.5 | 9 9.5 9 
Wen Pt OmmuaARUaLyess oc. ce ec cc sews te ks ce ceee geccews y 6 6 5 |. 6 6 6.4 
Ventral of eyed side posterior to that of blind............-.-- 3 255 s 3 3 3 
Length of caudal peduncle to marginal caudal rays ........... 4 4 6 | a a 5 
Depthicaudalipedunele: 23 ses.52c2ccee- ft sate essere ceeneesse 4 13 13 | LI 11 12 
INT EMEA OY =5 1 0) 2X0 Co) act) Bf: ee rr re - 68 67 63 61 61 66 
INUm Der OL analitays: Gos eac loc coc cc wr doe cc cbececeennscesete 46 46 45 45 46 | 15 
Scales in longitudinal series below lateral line__............-.-- 79 81 83 . fe 

‘ : 4+10 | 4410 | 4410 | 4410 | 54 54 

Gillrakeers «22. 0200 snes esenen eee seseneee sce sen este esc eee: 144 11 | 4410 | 4+10 | 3+ 9 | 6411 | 6411 


a Original described in University of California Publications, vol. 3, 1907, p. 243, Contr. to Lab. of 
Marine Biological Association of San Diego, XVI, 


7] a 7 ae 
ole. cee 
fe wdiel 


‘ee 
w 





THE NORTH AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS NOMIA. 


By T. D. A. CocKERELL, 
Of the University of Colorado, Boulder. 


For many years past the National Museum has possessed a series 
of undescribed species of the genus Nomia, to which Dr. W. HH. 
Ashmead gave manuscript names. In the new catalogue of bees 
now in preparation I was anxious to cite these names, but as their 
esteemed author unhappily never found time to prepare descriptions, 
I asked for the loan of the material in order to publish the necessary 
diagnoses. While giving these, | have thought it useful to arrange 
the species into groups and cite all those belonging to our fauna. 

At the outset the question arises as to the number of genera to be 
recognized. Doctor Ashmead, in 1899, divided the Nomia of authors 
into Epinomia Ashmead, Nomia Latreille, Paranomia Friese, and 
Monia Westwood (Eunomia Cresson). Monia, however, is really a Col- 
letid, and since Eunomia is preoccupied it takes the name Diewunomia 
Cockerell.* Other segregates are the African Crocisaspidia Ashmead 
and Stictonomia Cameron, and the Asiatic Hoplonomia Ashmead 
(type H7. quadrifasciata Ashmead). 

The common usage in the United States has been to recognize two 
genera, Nomia and Eunomia (Dieunomia). It is not quite clear 
whether Nomia can be usefully split up into a number of genera, but 
at present it seems better to regard all the American forms as per- 
‘taining to a single genus with several named subgenera. The type 
of Nomia is the European JN. diversipes Latreille, of which I have 
specimens from Doctor Friese. This is a strongly punctured insect, 
with very large tegule and curious laminate tubercles. It represents 
a subgeneric group (Nomia, s. str.) not found in America. NV. ruficor- 
nis Spinola belongs to the same subgenus, which is also characterized 
by a backwardly-directed tooth at each side of the scutellum in the 
male. N. ruficornis has what at first sight seem to be white tegu- 
mentary bands on the abdomen, but they are really bands of dense 


a Entomologist, vol. 32, p. 14. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 38—No. 1745. 
Proc. N.M.vol.38—10——19 289 


290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





white hair at the bases of the segments, more or less covered by the 
hyaline apices of the segments before. 

Paranomia Friese (type, chalybeata Smith, from China) includes 
the species with colored pearly bands on the abdomen, represented 
in America by the group of N. nortoni. Hoplonomia Ashmead is 
similar, but has a bidentate process or two teeth on the postscutellum. 

Epinomia Ashmead (type, triangulifera Vachal) should probably 
be extended to include the group of N. nevadensis. This is the most 
‘“normal’’ of our groups of Noma, in the sense of being less divergent 
from other bees. 

Dieunomia (type, marginipennis Cresson) consists of large species, 
in which the last antennal joint is broadened and flattened. NV. bol- 
liana, a smaller species just described, must also be referred here. 

It would not be illogical to exclude Nomia from the American fauna, 
and recognize three genera, Paranomia, Epinomia, and Dieunomia; 
but in this case it would be necessary to decide what to do with the 
numerous African, Asiatic, and Australian species, which in. various 
ways seem to connect the segregated genera with true Nomia, or in 
some cases form what might be regarded as other genera or subgenera. 
J have a considerable series of these foreign insects and am at a loss 
to know how to satisfactorily divide them into genera. The group isa 
peculiar one, and apparently its little morphological jokes must not 
be taken too seriously. 

Perhaps the most significant distinctions are to be found in the 
mouth parts. In the type of the genus, Nomia diversipes, I find the 
tongue short, broad at the base, rapidly narrowing to a linear tip. 
The labial palpi have the first jomt much shorter than the other three 
combined (proportions about 13 to 20), and the maxillary palpi extend 
beyond the maxillary blade, which is very bristly at the end. In 
Nomia nevadensis the conditions are essentially the same, but the first 
joint of the labial palpus is to the others combined as about 13 to 18, 
the apical joint being shorter. In N. fori the first joint of the labial 
palpus is to the other three combined as about 20 to 22, approaching 
equality, while the tongue is considerably elongated, gradually taper- 
ing, its length about 1,275 y, its width at base about 220, not counting 
the hair. 

The following figures give the lengths of the joints of the labial 
palpi in microns. For the first jomt only the dark chitinized part is 
measured. 








| ; 
babialpalpl, joints: ..-. 2-cac.-sa.eeen cenreae ac ate ae nen a eee (1) | (2) (3) (4) 
Nomia triangwlil@' ssc: icons wa cnn dates comet se ee ee 510 | 220 204 220 
Womid nevadensiS: <...s <2 ..5. cu db nods baece eee Oe eens eee ae 220 100 100 100 
NOMIC GIVEN SED ES = sm a cites Bn wc cic ate wee oo et ees See ee ee ne tate | 220 100 110 136 
Nomina foxtt..occe. cob du cote wa te was woe ee © been eee eae 340 | 127 127 127 





~ 


No. 1745. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS NOMIA—COCKERELL. 291 


In typical Epinomia (triangulifera) the tongue is short. In Dieu- 
nomia it is dagger-shaped. In Paranomia it is elongated. In 
Hoplonomia, which is really a section of Paranomia, it is long and 
slender, as I find on examining a specimen of JV, edliottii Smith, from 
India. I also find a linear tongue in some Australian species, as 
N. semiaurea Cockerell and N. gilberti Cockerell, the latter having it 
remarkably long and slender. 

The tongue and mouth parts of Nomia diversipes are typically 
Halictine in character, and compared with those of Agapostemon 
melliventris Cresson, they show no important difference. The large 
hyaline inner lobe of the maxillary blade is quite the same, and this 
is especially noteworthy because Andrena shows an entirely different 
structure, with no hyaline lobe. Nomia can not go in the Andrenine, 
but must be considered to typify a subfamily Nomiine, closely related 
to the Halictine. 

The following notes compare Halictine with Nomiine bees: 

Agapostemon melliventris Cresson. A specimen compared with 
Nomia diversipes showed a difference in the paraglossx, which hardly 
exceeded the apex of second joint of labial palpi, while in V. diversipes 
they reached the level of base of last joint. The Agapostemon was a 
male,and on examining a female of the same species, it was found that 
the paraglossx nearly reached the tip of the labial palpi. In Agapo- 
stemon radiatus Say the paraglosse were found to reach about the 
level of the end of the labial palpi. The tongue and labial palpi are 
longer in this species than in A. melliventris. 

Sphecodogastra texana (Cresson) has the tongue as in Nomia diver- 
sipes, and the broad paraglossx reach the middle of the last joint of 
labial palpi. The maxillary palpi are much larger and longer than in 
N. diversipes. 

Halictus sisymbric Cockerell differs from Nomia diversipes by the 
much broader and shorter tongue, with the linear apical part very 
much shorter. 

Halictus armaticeps Cresson has the tongue a little more slender than 
in Nomia diversipes, but it tapers much more gradually to the linear 
apical process, which is also shorter. 

It is evident that the Halictines and Nomiines have independently 
produced groups with linear tongues. There are two such groups 
among the Halictines which I consider to have generic value, namely, 
Augochlora in America, and -Thrinchostoma in Africa. It may be 
asked why, if I consider these valid genera, I do not also accept 
Paranomia as a genus on the same grounds. It is because I have 
never seen a species of Augochlora or Thrinchostoma, which could 
not be readily recognized as such, while I do not know how to divide 
Nomia into similarly recognizable groups. This, however, may 


292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


merely be due to insufficient acquaintance with the numerous Asiatic 
and African species. 

In connection with the evident relationship of the Nomiines to the 
Halictines, it is interesting to note that some of the latter have 
ivory-colored or yellowish tegumentary abdominal bands; such are 
Halictus vittatus Smith from South Africa and H. flavovittatus W. 
F. Kirby from Socotra. 

Nomia is doubtless of Old World origin, probably reaching America 
in later miocene times. Two species, NV. jenseni Friese and N 
jorgenseni Friese, have recently been described from Argentina, but 
Vachal points out that they have colletid mouth parts, and refers 
them to his genus Lonchopria. They are very beautiful insects, 
with light tegumentary abdominal bands in the manner of Paranomia, 
but the male antenne are short, and neither the metathorax nor the 
venter of the abdomen are constructed as in Nomaa. 


GROUP OF NOMIA NEVADENSIS. 


Rather small species, the abdomen without iridescent bands; male 


with the hind tibia broad, its inner edge with the apical half broadly - 


excavated; tegule and tubercles not enlarged. 

(A) Abdomen wholly or largely bright ferruginous. 

Nomia nevadensis Cresson. Described from Nevada, and ranges 
through Arizona into New Mexico, where it is common in the middle 
Sonoran zone at flowers of various composite, as Bahia dissecta, 
Leucosyris spinosa and Isocoma wrightir. 

(B) Abdomen dark. 

Nomia bakeri Cockerell. Found in Colorado, at Denver and 
Boulder. Mrs. Bennett has collected it at flowers of Solidago. 


NOMIA PATTONI, new species. 


Nomia pattoni AsSumeaAp MS. (No description. ) 

Closely related to N. bakeri, but smaller (size of N. arizonensis), 
the female with the femora red, as well as the tibiz and tarsi, the 
antenne also red. In the male, the face is narrower below; the hind 
legs, though paler, do not differ in structure, and the male antennze 
are practically the same in both. There are no tangible differences 
in sculpture. The length of the anterior wing is a rather scant 8 mm. 
At first sight, VV. pattoni looks like NV. arizonensis, but it agrees with 
bakeri and differs from arizonesis in the character of the basal area 
of metathorax, which is rather large, and more or less boat-shaped, 
instead of narrowly crescentic. NV. pattoni is also readily known from 
arizonesis by the color of the legs, the more densely punctured meso- 
thorax, and the absence of an evident subbasal constriction on the 
second abdominal segment of the female. It may perhaps prove to 


No. 1745. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS NOMIA—COCKERELL. 293 





be a subspecies of NV. bakeri, but in any event it will be easily dis- 
tinguished in its typical range. 

Habitat.—Utica, Mississippi (type-locality), from Ashmead’s col- 
lection; Selma, Alabama, October, 1880, and July, 1881 (W. H. 
Patton, collector.) - 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 12984, U.S.N.M. 

A female from Selma, Alabama, is labeled ‘‘Sept. 30, 1880. FE. A. 
Schwarz. See notes on Myodites.”’ 


Named for W. H. Patton. 
—~ NOMIA ARIZONENSIS Cockerell. 


The U. S. National Museum has a long series from Arizona, the 
precise locality, whenever given, being Tucson. In the male the 
wings, except for the broad dark apical border, are very pale, almost 
milky; but in the females they are more yellowish or dusky. The 
females have collected a great quantity of orange pollen, no doubt 
from the composite. In the male, the median depression or con- 
striction of the first three abdominal segments is extremely marked, 
and the flagellum is ferruginous beneath, this color abruptly con- 
trasting with the black which occupies two-thirds of the circumfer- 
ence. 

NOMIA ARIZONENSIS ANGELESIA, new subspecies. 


Nomia angelesia ASHMEAD MS. (No description.) 

I was first inclined to treat this as identical with N. arizonensis, 
but it is normally larger (anterior wing, 83 mm.). The mesothorax 
seems less densely punctured, and the male flagellum is quite differ- 
ently colored, being very dark reddish beneath, the red shading into 
the black. The basal area of the metathorax is very narrow (i. e., 
short antero posteriorly). The tegule are clear fulvotestaceous, and 
the light abdominal hair-bands are very distinct. 

Habitat.—Los Angeles County, California (D. W. Coquillett) —type- 
locality; San Bernardino County, California, ‘'338, through C. V. 
Riley.” 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 12985, U.S.N.M. 


GROUP OF NOMIA TRIANGULIFERA (EPINOMIA). 


Larger than the species of the nevadenis group; abdomen black, 
without iridescent bands; hind tibize of male much broadened apically, 
produced at the inner apical corner into a large stout spine, but the 
inner side only slightly concave beyond the middle, not excavated. 
The triangular depression on the fourth ventral segment of the male 
is also well marked in the nevadensis group, becoming narrower, 
however, in N. arizonensis angelesia. The females resemble species 
of Andrena, and may be found visiting species of Composite. 


294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 38, 


The apical joint of the male antenne is not dilated in the triangu- 
lifera or nevadensis group. The inclosure of the nretathorax in 
N. triangulifera is boat-shaped, more or less narrowed in the middle. 
The tegule in the female are variably infuscated, whereas in all 
members of the nevadensis group they are pellucid rufotestaceous. 

The only species of this group is Nomia triangulifera Vachal, 1897 
(persimilis Cockerell 1898), found in Nebraska, Kansas, and New 
Mexico. It is the type of Ashmead’s genus Hpinomia. 


GROUP OF NOMIA HETEROPODA (DIEUNOMIA). 


Very large species; abdomen black, without iridescent bands; 
males with apical joint of antennz swollen, and middle femora 
greatly swollen, the hind legs also much modified, the hind basitarsus 
extremely long. 

(A) Wings uniformly dark fuliginous. 

Nomia heteropoda Say. A female from Victoria, Texas, at flowers 
of Helianthus, October 2, 1904 (J. C. Crawford, collector), is referred 
here. 

(B) Wings hyaline, orange-tinted, with the apical margin very 
broadly fuliginous. 

Nomia apacha Cresson. I refer here two females from Victoria, 
Texas, at flowers of Helianthus, October 2,1904 (A.J. Leister, collector). 
Iam at some disadvantage with regard to this and the last species 
from having only females (the male of apachais unknown), and from not 
having authentic material for comparison; I have seen the species, 
however, in the Cresson collection, and the present specimens accord 
very well with my notes and recollections. The apacha and hetero- 
poda were taken at the same place, on the same day, at /elianthus, 
and appear to be identical except for the very different coloration 
of the wings. Is it possible that they are two forms of a single 
species ? 

N. apacha is known to be western (Colorado, New Mexico), while 
N. heteropoda is eastern (Texas to Arkansas and Maryland); do 
they meet at Victoria, Texas, and possibly hybridize? There is 
apparently a problem here calling for field investigations. 

From the other species with similarly colored wings, N. apacha is 
readily known by the combination of strongly fulvous pubescence 
on the thorax above with light fulvous tegule and a very black, 
unbanded, abdomen. 

N. marginipennis Cresson. Afemale before me is from Rocky Ford, 
Colorado, collected by Prof. C. P. Gillette. 

Nomia xerophila Cockerell. Mesilla Park and_Aztec, New Mexico; 
Sterling, Colorado (S. A. Johnson, collector); Moab Utah, ‘‘S. 10,’06” 
(U.S. National Museum). In the male,it is the fourth ventral segment 
which is elevated at the lower lateral corners, and the fifth which 


No. 1745. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS NOMIA—COCKERELL. 295 


bears nodules, not the third and fourth, respectively, as stated in the 
original description.* In this species the hair of the thorax above 
is pale yellowish-gray, unlike the fulvous of apacha or the seal-brown 
of marginipennis; the tegule are darker than in apacha, but not 
so dark as in marginipennis. 


GROUP OF NOMIA MESILL&. 


Known only from a single male, the type of .V. mesille (Cockerell). 
It is similar in most respects to the males of the heteropoda group, 
but the middle femora are less modified, the middle tibix have no 
spurs, and there are other differences. The abdominal hair-bands 
are very distinct. The insect was taken by Mr. C. M. Barber at 
Mesilla, New Mexico. 


GROUP OF NOMIA BOLLIANA: 


The only species known is V. bolliana Cockerell, 1910, from Texas. 
The female looks at first sight just like N. triangulifera, agreeing in 
size, build, color, and manner of collecting pollen. Upon. close 
comparison many differences are apparent, such as the narrowly 
crescentic area of metathorax, the more sparsely punctured first 
abdominal segment, and the pellucid rufo-fulvous tegule, which are 
quite elongate, sinuate on the outer margin, in the manner of the 
heteropoda group. The tibiz and tarsi are ferruginous. The wings 
are colored as in NV. apacha. The male is very different from that of 
N. triangulifera, the following characters being distinctive: Antennx 
long, black, the flagellum crenulated, with the apical joint flattened 
and broadened, as in the heteropoda group; face broad, densely 
covered with yellowish-white hair; tongue narrow apically, broadened 
basally, very hairy; vertex and thorax above with very pale yellowish 
hair, colored as in N. xerophila; area of metathorax strongly plicate; 
abdomen densely punctured, first three segments constricted; fourth 
ventral segment with median depression parallel-sided, not at all 
triangular (but it may broaden under the margin of third), and its 
lateral angles not elevated; fifth ventral with a pair of nodules; 
femora black, except knees, tibiz and tarsi; ferruginous; middle femora 
very little swollen, inclined to be keeled beneath; middle tibize and 
tarsi ordinary, the tibial spur present; hind trochanters produced 
to a large obtuse tooth, and with a little basal process on outer side; 
hind femora much swollen, very convex above; hind tibizw broadly 
triangular, the lamina produced to a prominent submedian angle, 
and with also an apical process; hind basitarsus not excessively long. 

This species was described from a single female in the Berlin 
Museum. The U. S. National Museum contains both sexes, from 


a Entomologist, Novy. 1899, p. 266. 


996 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


Denton and Wichita Falls, Texas. The Wichita Falls (female) 
specimen is from flowers of Helianthus, June 10, 1906 (J. D. Mitchell, 
collector). The Denton (both sexes) specimens are from flowers of 
Rudbeckia amplexicaulis, June 29 (F. C. Bishopp, collector). 








The produced hind trochanters of the male occur also in all members 


of the nevadensis group. 
GROUP OF NOMIA NORTONI. (PARANOMIA.) 


Hind margins of abdominal segments iridescent green or blue; 
tongue slender; apex of male antenne neither flattened nor dilated. 

(A) Male antenne long, with the last joint elongated and sharply 
pointed. 

Nomia nortoni Cresson. Kansas, Texas, and New Mexico. JN. 
cressoni Westwood, from Mexico, is the same. I have a Mexican 
specimen. This species is much the largest of the group; anterior 
wing about 13 mm. 

N. melanderi: Cockerell. Known only by a single female from 
Washington State. It is not certain, in the absence of the male, that 
this belongs in the subgroup with pointed antennx, but I believe it 
is correctly so referred. 


NOMIA CALIFORNICA, new species. 


Nomia californica ASHMEAD MS. (No description.) 

Female.—Size and form of N. melanderi, from which it differs as 
follows: Abdominal bands light yellowish-green, with a variable 
amount of orange suffusion; first segment with an entire narrow 
apical band; stigma redder. Thus, while the differences are technic- 
ally very slight, the insect looks quite distinct. There is a good 
deal of short black hair on the thorax above, and the tegulz are red- 
dish black. 

Habitat—Southern California, ‘‘No. 331, through C. V. Riley;” 
Los Angeles County, California (D. W. Coquillett, collector). 

Ty pe-speciomen.—Cat. No. 12986, U.S.N.M. 


NOMIA ACUS, new species. 


Male.—Anterior wirg a fraction over 9mm. Male flagellum long, 
pale yellowish-fulvous beneath, the last joint long and pointed as in 
N. nortoni; thorax above very strongly punctured, and with grayish- 
white hair, scutellum slightly bigibbous; abdomen narrow basally, the 
first two segments very coarsely punctured, the others finely; first 
segment with hind margin wholly dark; segments 2 to 5 with broad 
light bluish-green bands; structure of legs as in NV. nortoni, the hind 
femora greatly swollen, and the hind tibie with a very large quad- 
rangular pale honey-colored lobe; tarsi fuscous; fourth ventral 
abdominal segment divided into two plates as in NV. norton. This 


ee ee 


No. 1745. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS NOMIA—COCKERELL. 29% 


is at once distinguished from N. melanderi and californica by the 
strong relatively much denser puncturation of disk of mesothorax, 
scutellum, and first abdominal segment; but in Nomia this may be 
only a sexual character. In the color of the bands this agrees with 
N. melanderi, but the tegule are hyaline with a fulvous spot, whereas 
in melanderi they are opaque black. From the locality, one would 
associate it with J. californica, but the color of the bands is quite 
different, and the first segment has no light band. The wings are 
vellower than in melanderi or californica, and the apical margin is 
paler. The face is rather narrow, and the orbits converge below. 
The clypeus is shining and somewhat concave. 

Habitat.—Southern California, ‘‘through C. V. Riley.”’ 

Ty pe-s pecuomen.—Cat. No. 12987, U.S.N.M. 

(B) Male antenne elongate, slender apically, but the point obtuse. 
Species of the West Indies. 

Nomia robinsoni Cresson. Cuba. 

N. wickhamii Ashmead. Eleuthera, Bahamas. The type is before 
me, collected by Henry Ditzen. -It is evidently very close to JV. 
robinsoni, but easily distinguished by the much greater amount of 
black on the tibix. From Ashmead ’s description, [ had difficulty in 
separating this from NV. fori, but it is really quite distinct, differing 
as follows: Hair of face yellowish; scape much larger and thicker; 
flagellum much longer, more slender apically; mesothorax and first 
abdominal segment more closely punctured; dorsum of thorax 
appearing very black, fringed with pale yellowish hair; abdominal 
bands paler, with turquoise tints; yellow lobe of hind tibia larger. 

(C) Male antenne ordinary; first abdominal segment with no green 
or blue band. 

Nomia fori Dalla Torre. New Mexico. 

N. mesillensis Cockerell. New Mexico. Only the female is known, 
but I believe it falls in this group. 

N. uniwersitatis Cockerell. Colorado. 





NOMIA TETRAZONATA, new species. 


Nomia tetrazonata ASHMEAD MS. (No description.) 

Male.—Length about or hardly 10 mm., anterior wing 74; the four 
abdominal bands rather narrow, light turquoise blue, with slight green 
tints. Very close to N. foxti and universitatis, but uniformly smaller: 
Compared with J. foxii it is readily distinguished by the sculpture of 
the abdomen. In foxii the third segment has rather small, irregularly 
placed punctures of different sizes, while the fourth has very small | 
punctures. In tetrazonata the fourth has large regular punctures like 
those on the third, while those on the fifth could not be called minute: 
The second segment is depressed basally. The hind femora are con- 
siderably stouter than in V. wniversitatis; the hind tibiz are unusually 


298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 


short, and seen from behind both they and their tarsi are of a uniform 
brown, hoary with fine pubescence; seen from in front, the apex of 
the tibial lobe is broadly yellowish-white; the anterior and middle 
tarsi are also brown. The punctures of the mesothorax are smaller 
than in foxii or unwersitatis. The face is covered with white hair, and 
the flagellum is dull ferruginous beneath. The tegule are as in fori. 

Habitat.—Globe, Arizona, July 25, 1892, three from Ashmead’s 
collection; also one from ‘‘Bradsh. Mt.,’’ June 21, 1892, also in Ari- 
zona, and from Ashmead’s collection. Type from Globe, with num- 
ber 147. 

Ty pe-specumen.—Cat. No. 12988, U.S.N.M. 


DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. 


Andrena valida Say. Viereck (in litt.) has suggested that this may 
be a Nomia. If so, it must be closely similar to NV. heteropoda, being 
a large species with purplish-fuliginous wings. 

Nomia birkmani Friese MS., Entom. News, 1899, p. 244, from Texas, 
has not been described. 

N. compacta Provancher, 1888, from Cap Rouge, Canada, is based 
ona male, and from the locality and description I suspect that it may 
not bea Nomia. The following characters seem significant: ‘‘La face 
allongée, presque nue, le chaperon noir foneé, fortement tronqué en 
avant et légérement réfléchi, brillant . . . pattes noires, bril- 
lantes, les cuisses et les jambes renflées, arquées, avec poils blancs 
peu denses, les tarses testacés-roussitres . . le septiéme [segment 
of abdomen] portant un petit appendice noir en forme de gouttiére.”’ 

Paranomia venablesii Ashmead belongs to Halictus (HH. farinosus 
Smith). 

Nomia tacita Cameron is Agapostemon sicheli Vachal. 

Nomia cillaba Cameron is also an Agapostemon. 

Nomia cexlestina Westwood is an Agapostemon. 


aoa eal me 


A NEW FRESH-WATER AMPHIPOD FROM VIRGINIA, WITH 
SOME NOTES ON ITS BIOLOGY. 


By GrorGcr C. Epopy, 
Of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. 


During the spring of 1908 a number of amphipods were collected 
by the writer in a spring-fed pond near the town of Ashland, Virginia. 
Conspicuous among them, for their large size and relatively great 
abundance, were forms which were then supposed upon hasty exami- 
nation to be Euerangonyx gracilis (Smith). More careful study a 
year later, however, brought to light characters distinctly different 
from those mentioned in any description of the latter amphipod 
available to me.? It is believed that these characters are sufficiently 
constant to warrant a description of this form as a new species. 

I am indebted to Dr. I. F. Lewis, of Randolph Macon College, for 
collecting some forty additional specimens from the same pond where 
discovered in 1908. From these it has been possible to determine 
with some degree of accuracy the constancy of the characters noted. 
To Prof. James G. Needham, under whose direction this study has 
been made, I am especially grateful for constant advice. I desire, 
also, to express my sincere thanks to Prof. S. J. Holmes for his kind- 
ness in reading the manuscript and for valuable criticisms which he 


has offered. 
EUCRANGONYX SERRATUS, new species. 


Description.—Eyes small, with few facets (about twenty-five); in 
diameter averaging seven-tenths the greatest breadth of the basal 
segment of the first antenna; circular or slightiy elongated and 
densely pigmented with black. 

First antenna approximating one-half the length of body; peduncle 
about one-third total length (fig. 1), with numerous sete projecting 
from different points along the lateral margin of each segment; first 
segment equal to or slightly longer than second, third one-half to two- 
thirds of the first; primary flagellum consisting of from twenty to 
twenty-seven segments, each of which gives off from its distal margin 
two to five set; secondary flagellum composed of two segments, the 


a Smith, Am. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 2, 1871, p. 453. Forbes, Bull. Illinois State 
Lab., No.1, 1876, p.6. Stebbing, Das Tierreich. Amphipoda. 1. Gammaridea, 1906, 
p. 388. Weckel, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, p. 32. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1746. 
299 


300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 








distal one, one-third to one-half the proximal and bearing two or 
three sete. 

Second antenna (fig. 2) about one-half as long as first; flagellum 
four-fifths as long as the peduncle and composed of from six to eleven 
segments, each giving off setze similarly to those of the first antenna; 
peduncle longer or shorter than that of the first antenna 
and furnished with forty to sixty set, often arranged in 
fascicles of three. 

Both pairs of gnathopods similar in the two sexes, the 
first pair (fig. 3) shorter than the second; propodus 
longer than broad, the breadth varying from six to 
seven-tenths of the length, greatest breadth about mid- 
way between the extremities; palm convex, very oblique, 
and armed oneither side with from ten to thirteen notched 
spines of unequal length, one near the posterior 
angle more than twice the length of the others, 
and near this four or five smaller spines usually 
crowded together. Between each pair of notched 
spines are one or two long hairs. The whole 
margin of palm is closely set with very fine sharp 
teeth, to be seen with the high-power objective. 
Dactyl strongly curved, extending to or slightly 
beyond the posterior extremity of palm and fur- 
nished with two or three hairs. Posterior margin 
; 2 of propodus straight or slightly convex, with 
eight or ten hairs, some of 
which are finely plumose. 
Carpus as broad as_ long, 
posterior margin very con- 
vex, produced slightly and 
armed with two or three sete 
and five or six plumose hairs; 
anterior “margin somewhat 

convex, with one or two long 

Pin 4B cere 1 rma | M2 oss rictles, ab ite cabtall sale 

4, GNATHOPOD 2, X 11 DIAM. Basal joint shorter than that 
of second gnathopod. 

Second gnathopod (fig. 4) longer than first and differing from it 
as follows: Basal jomt one-fourth to one-third longer than that of 
first gnathopod; propodus one-fifth longer with a larger number 
of bristles (14 to 18) arranged in fascicles on its posterior margin, its 
greatest breadth located nearer the proximal end, and hence a more 
oblique palm. 

Fourth pereeopod slightly longer than fifth, which is also longer than 
the first, second, or third; the third, fourth, and fifth with spines on 
both margins of the basal joints, which latter are also deeply and 












3 4 


| 


No. 1746. A NEW AMPHIPOD FROM VIRGINIA—EMBODY. 301 


acutely serrated along the posterior edges, forming great teeth 
nearly all cases twice as long as the spines between them (fig. 5). 

Pleopods with their outer rami slightly shorter than the inner. 

Uropods one and two have equal rami; third, with inner ramus 
rudimentary and very short, about one-third as long as peduncle 
(fig. 6); outer ramus uniarticulate, with three or four groups of 
spines on lateral margins and one group of two or three at the distal 
end. First pair of uropods extending backwards slightly beyond the 
second which in turn reaches to or slightly beyond the third. 

Telson (fig. 7) longer than broad, longer than the 
peduncle of third uropod and with an emargination 
extending from slightly more than one-half to nearly two- 
thirds of the distance to base (see table), armed distally 
with three or four spines on each 
lobe and on the dorsal surface with 
three or four spines which seem to be 
definitely located within the mid- 
region. 

‘The postero-lateral angles of the 
first three abdominal segments are 
produced backward, each into a 
tooth and provided with about five 
or Six spines just above the ventral 
margin. 

Size.—The largest specimen ex- 
amined was a female with eges and 
measured 14.5 mm. in length; the 
smallest adult, a male measuring 7.6 
mm. 

Hgjs-— i hewverape dimensions Of 5... 57° n seenarus. PuRmorép § X11 
SIx from different individuals were DIAM.; 6, UROPOD 3, X 32 DIAM.; 7, TELSON, 
0.39 by 0.485 mm. eh 

Ty pe-specumen. —Cat. No. 51 290, U.S.N.M. 

This species resembles eee gracilis, but differences exist in 
the telson, basal joints of the third to fifth pereeopods, in the gnatho- 
pods, and in the size of the eggs. 

The telson of F. gracilis is as broad as long (see table), not longer 
than peduncle of third uropod and cleft one-third to one-half the dis- 
tance to base.* In FE. serratus it is longer thar an broad, longer than 





‘ 





a Karly in the work variations in the depth of the emargination of the telson in 
Eucrangonyx gracilis were noted which had not been accounted for in the descriptions 
of that species given in the works cited in footnote on a previous page. In order to see 
just how far these variations had progressed, a number of specimens were collected 
from a trout brook near Auburn, New York, from Cayuga Lake at Ithaca, New York, 
and from a sphagnum bog at McLean, New York. The more conspicuous variations 
are recorded in the table of measurements on page 305. 


802 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. _ VOL. 38. 





peduncle of third uropod and cleft (typically) nearly two-thirds of 
the distance to base. The difference in the two species as regards 
the ratio of the length of peduncle of third uropod to the length of 
telson is constant in the newly hatched young as well as in the largest 
adult (see table). 

In F. gracilis the third, fourth, and fifth pereeopods have their 
basal joints serrated along the posterior margins but the spines are 
longer than the adjacent teeth. In E. serratus the depths of the 
serrations vary, but in all specimens examined the teeth were much 
longer and more acute than those of F. gracilis and about twice the 
length of the spines between them. 

The propodi of gnathopods one and two are proportionately longer 
in /. serratus, the palms more oblique and more convex, and the 
carpus of second gnathopods never longer than broad. 

Six segmenting eggs of /. gracilis were measured and an average 
size of 0.256 by 0.334 mm. was obtained, which was less than the 
same for /. serratus. 

Habitat.—The type-specimens were collected March 11, 1908, from 
the marginal vegetation of ‘‘ Railroad Pond,’ about 14 miles north 
of Ashland, Virginia. They were especially abundant in the thick- 
est patches of Sphagnum and Utricularia at depths varying from a few 
inches to 14 feet. Associated with them were large numbers of £. 
gracilis and Hyalella knickerbockeri (Bate). 

Differences between young and adult.—It was thought that by com- 
paring the structures in the young of EF. serratus with those of the 
adult and also with those of the young of F. gracilis, some light would 
be thrown upon the status of the former as a distinct species. Ac- 
cordingly several young, differmg not more than a day in age, were 
taken from the marsupial pouches of individuals of each form, the 
various appendages dissected, stained in aqueous eosin and mounted 
for microscopical examination. 

The young of /. serratus were found to differ from their parents in 
the following particulars: 

(1) First antenna (fig. 9): Primary flagellum composed of but 
four segments all proportionately longer than those of the adult. 

(2) Second antenna (fig. 8): Flagellum composed of but three 
segments. 

(3) First gnathopod (fig. 10): Great angularity of the region at the 
junction of the palm and the posterior margin of propodus. The 
latter is proportionately smaller and its posterior margin destitute 
of spines and hairs. The palm is straight, less oblique and thickly 
covered on both sides with minute sharp teeth. These teeth are 
much more evident in the young than in the adult. 


EE 


a 


No. 1746. A NEW AMPHIPOD FROM VIRGINIA—EMBODY. 308 








(4) Second gnathopods (fig. 11): Palm straight or slightly concave, 
possessing a small angular prominence at the posterior extremity, 
the inner margin of this prominence together with the remaining 
margin of the palm closely set with minute teeth as in gnathopod one; 
posterior margin of propodus destitute of spines and hairs. 

(5) Third, fourth, and fifth perswopods destitute of spines and 
serrations. 

(6) Uropod one, shorter, not reaching backward to the end of 
second uropod. 

(7) Uropod three (fig. 
12), with three spines | 
two short ones at the 
apex and one long one 
on the outer margin of 
the outer ramus. 

(8) Telson (fig. 16) 
with lateral margins very 
convex, not quite so long 
as in the adult but dis- 
tinctly longer than pe- 
duncle of third uropod; 
emargination not quite 
so deep asin adult. The 
apex of each lobe is armed 
with a single spine while 
the mid-dorsal region of 
the telson is minus spines. 

(9) Eyes brownish in 
life. 

Differences between 
young of  Euerangonyx 
gracilis and FE. serratus.— 
The following differences 
between the young of 
these two species were Fias. 8-12.—E. poate ana): pans Lx 32 pu 
. . 9, ANTENNA 2, X 32 DIAM.; 10, GNATHOPOD 1, X159 DIAM.; 11 
found to be constant In enarnoPoD 2, 159 DIAM.; 12, UROPOD 3, X 159 DIAM. 
all specimens examined: 

(1) Young FE. serratus are 25 per cent longer than 1. gracilis. 

(2) The propodus of first gnathopod in F. serratus is broader 
distally, the palm forming a prominent angle of 45° or less with the 
posterior margin, which latter is decidedly concave. In F. gracilis 
(fig. 13), the junction of these two margins is well rounded. 

(3) The palm in gnathopod two is decidedly more oblique in /. ser- 
ratus, and as noted previously possesses an angular prominence at the 





304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








posterior extremity ariel is ; entirely lacking in FE. gracilis (fig. 14); 
carpus as broad as long in the former species, while in the latter it is 
longer than broad. 

(4) The differences existing in the adult telson in the two species 
are present to some degree in the young. In serratus the telson is 
but slightly, if at all, longer than broad, much longer than peduncle 
of third uropod, emargination V-shaped and extending beyond one- 
half the distance to base (see table); that of /. gracilis broader than 
long, shorter than peduncle 
of third uropod, emargina- 
tion U-shaped and extend- 
ing about one-third the dis- 
tance to base (figs. 15 and 
17). In each species the 
telson is armed distally 
on each lobe with a single 
long, stout spine. 

Notes on the reproductive 
capacity. —A large number 
of the specimens examined 
were females with eggs in 
their pouches. In many 
cases the eggs were counted 
and certain measurements 
taken in order to show 
some correlation between 
the number of eggs and 
Fics. 13-17.—E. GRACILIS (YOUNG). GNATHOPOD 1, X 159 the size or age of the in- 

DIAM.: 14, GNATHOPOD 2 eee DIAM.; Ap UROLOD ae dividual, and to give an 

pa 16 Benet romna), Tasoe <1 NG Gok oh is ee 

capacity of the species. 

Several specimens of L. gracilis were treated in a similar manner 

for comparison. The results of the observations concerning both 
species are herewith given in tabular form. 

An examination of this table shows clearly that in general the 
larger individuals, and hence the older,* possess the larger number 
of segments in the primary flagellum of first antenna, and also that 
the larger complements of eggs are deposited by the larger females. 

In the six largest mdividuals measured, those from 12.8 to 14.5 
mm. long, the average number of eggs was eighty-two. In three 
individuals of medium size, from 9.7 to 11.5 mm. long, the average 
was forty-four. 





15 16 17 


. 


No. 1746. A NEW AMPHIPOD FROM VIRGINIA—EMBODY. 305 





Table of measurements. 





















































ale ee Number | Ra 
& [oS ea | segments in = 
7 toe. 147, | flagellum Telson. 5 
S agellum | of second | ire 
2 SoG antenna. at 
= | antenna. ES | 
A (arerarenres in = a, & Sex. 4 Date. Locality. 
Es | “os Esa eg | ap | 
| a | \ a sol a a5 | tice 
| bo l-ag|/vs | ee ie 
4 | 2 |2%o| ato | so | @ | 
= 3 = = 28/08/04 | i 
So] 3 a a a ore pce ee ea | § 
Salsa So ae Nece lon, 8S |S | 2 
DQ | a ea} 4 fea} Ay 1A 2 a | A | 
| | | 
2.45 4 4 3 | 3 |0. 533) 1.00 | 0.77 | Young..|....| Mar. 16,1909 | Ashland, Virginia. | 
2. 26 4) 4 Sees] sO2 1h. 904) S195) ee OO. 2. [23] eee cn dos_.2-* Do. | 
7.6 19; 19 8 | Taleoeuieatd ® So2t| Males ta c<t| nase OOc. pieces Do. 
8.3 17| 18 8 } 8 | .58] .80 lala Oe 2 eer eee done = Do. 
Sf Oe 21 21 [oo eeeelea- = PS enh |larsyee \aeeee | Female .| 42 |..... do...... Do. 
$110.2| 21| 21) 9) ~9'| 507] 2676) 776 | Male....|....].221ldo. 2222 Do. 
£ 10.7] 23] 22} 10] 10] .607/ .78| .76| Female.|....|..... dd.-as Do. 
a2 , 10.7 22} 22 10 10 | .626) .723; .843)...do....) 45 ]..... dot -. Do. 
S| i155 23; 23 10 10°}. 535)" < 666) .82|...do....| 46.)--.-: GO... sass Do. 
S| 1200] 24| 24) 10) 9 [257] 685] 77 |222dowl22f....[000idol 2222} Do. 
& | 12.8 26 | 26 10 8 | .61 204° 0.66 |=22d02 25-77 |zas=- doe. 245: Do. 
Sasl2 8 sos css ee ener aa (eee Bee eels ae GOs.5-|) 10) a-- 2. On tee. Do. 
Bee 2a asa eie [aes Soe ioe sox Roatan pesmi |acere wee GOs) Gy seo. GOS: © a5 Do. 
Solt2elo| 20 tones... 10 el eee creases | sesh. clasts Or aleeas| Sais On oo. Do. 
PROD eSoft | Di} ye JOM ccs, oe euloe cc 02 lsc. dou acces Do. 
L400}s35<. foes ces sinces leeaeee HOSt ence See see OOs, es) GON eas dor s..c-- Do. 
14. 00)...... (Ree eeee eee oe ee H6SN)|. exCO6|) AST 121500 2s. <i oc 2 lnc.ca- domes: Do. 
14.5 27 | 27 ill . 606) .702) .8 [200 an =| (88 |ee<..:- doshas Do. 
| | | | 
Lad 4 4 | 3 3 | .322} 1.29 | 1.19 | Young..}....| Jan. 1909 | Auburn, New 
| | York. 
4 | 5.6 LSet Se leeecee [oes | . 235] 1.176] 1.12 | Female .| 25 |..... dose: Do. 
= 6 | 19] 19| 6 Gri ere ere elite ss |...do....|....| Mar. 26,1909 | Ithaca, New York. 
8 6 1s | 15 5 | a0 | 100°) 1.22] Male....|....) Dee. 1909 Do. 
S| 7.6 20 21 Malet .36 | 1.08 | 1.12 | Female .| 34 | Mar. 16,1909 | Ashland, Virginia. 
x | 8.5 0 eearse laeeries| oriole .22 | 1.166} 1.12 |...do....| 69 | May 12,1909 | Ithaca, New York. 
= On Gt tel Weel -c|eteaee|setie.e st 40 | 1.05 | 1.21 |...do....] 93 | Apr. 21,1909 Do. 
2 9 DO No 2 x | 8 8 | .316) 1.10 | 1.08 |...do....} 52 | Mar. 16,1909 | Ashland, Virginia. 
=| 9 D2) ees 7 S50n 1163) Te |.22do. 2. -| 59) |2 2.22 do...... Do. 
=| 9 ra eee Va Oe leeaeee o265) 128 9.248}, 6d0. 24-57 |S... 00... 2: Do. 
s | 925 23 2S leer ars lees ci S00!) LOO uess c=: Male....|....| Apr. 21,1909 | Ithaca, New York. 
R | 10.45) 24] 24 | Sillesecae s0L | Tok 1.05 | Female .| 68 | Mar. 16,1909} Ashland, Virginia. 
| 11.5 27 28 8) |Beeeae .357| 1.07 } 1.035) Male....}....| May, 1909 eee Bog, New 
a | ork. 











a Exclusive of the antenne. 


The pond where this species lived in such great abundance was 
roughly 3 acres in area, fed by springs within the pond itself and 
by a small brook at one end. Fish were abundant and from an 
examination of stomachs of large-mouthed bass (Micropterus  sal- 
moides), common sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus), and calico bass (Pomoxis 
sparoides) it was found that they helped themselves liberally to 
amphipods. Especially was this the case with the smaller sunfishes 
and calico bass, 1 to 3 inches long, a few of which were able to pene- 
trate the thick masses of sphagnum where amphipods were exceed- 
ingly numerous. This great fringe of vegetation about the pond, 
however, furnished a shelter which prevented at all seasons any 
very great destruction of amphipods by predatory animals, and this, 
together with the rather large reproductive capacity of the species in 
question, was sufficient reason for their great abundance. 


Proc. N. M.vol.388—t0—20 





DESCRIPTIONS OF EIGHT NEW SPECIES OF FOSSIL 
TURTLES FROM WEST OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH 
MERIDIAN. 


By OLiver P. Hay, 
Of Washington, District of Columbia. 


The new species of fossil turtles described on the following pages 
were collected during the summer of 1909 by members of the U.S. 
Geological Survey. Dr. T. W. Stanton, Mr. M. R. Campbell, and 
Mr. W. R. Calvert, working in Upper Cretaceous areas whose de- 
posits are quite certainly equivalent to the Lance (Ceratops) beds of 
Wyoming, discovered the remains here described as Basilemys pre- 
clara and Aspideretes amnigenus. Mr. J. H. Gardner discovered, in 
the Ignacio quadrangle, La Plata County, Colorado, the complete 
plastron named below Alamosemys annexa. It seems uncertain to 
what formation the beds belong, but this turtle indicates that they 
are the equivalent of the Torrejon deposits of New Mexico. Later 
in the season, Mr. Gardner, accompanied by Mr. J. W. Gidley, of the 
U.S. National Museum, spent two days in the vicinity of Ojo Alamo, 
San Juan County, New Mexico. In this region they found two’ dis- 
tinct formations. In the lower, composed of sandstones, clays, and 
a bed of conglomerate, there were found fragmentary remains of 
dinosaurs and the turtles below described as Basilemys nobilis and 
Adocus vigoratus, together with considerable parts of Aspideretes 
voraz’? and unidentifiable fragments of other Trionychide. These 
beds are probably the equivalents of the Lance Creek beds. Above 
these dinosaur-bearing deposits came a deposit of conglomerate, about 
12 feet thick at most. Succeeding this are other beds of sandstone 
and clay, in which were found no remains except those of the turtles 
described below as Compsemys vafer and Hoplochelys bicarinata, and 
probably Compsemys parva. It is possible, however, that the last- 
named species belongs to the older beds. It is believed that the 
deposits above the upper bed of conglomerate belong to either the 
Puerco or the Torrejon. It must be noted that Ojo Alamo is not 
more than about 100 miles from the Ignacio quadrangle in Colorado. 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1747. 
307 


308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Lower Tertiary, it is the present writer’s opinion that Professor Cope 
was right when he put them in the Upper Cretaceous. 

The writer expresses here his obligations to the officers of the U.S. 
National Museum for the privilege of studying and describing the 
interesting materials above mentioned. 


Genus COMPSEMYS Leidy. 


The genus Compsemys has hitherto been known from only the most 
fragmentary materials and has had assigned to it a quite heterogene- 
ous lot of species. Although the type is Leidy’s Compsemys victa, of 
the Upper Cretaceous, it was for a long time supposed to be best 
represented by Cope’s Compsemys plicatula, of the Upper Jurassic. 
In The Fossil Turtles of North America, page 47, the present writer 
removed the last-named species from Compsemys and assigned it to 
Marsh’s genus Glyptops, a genus of Pleurosternide. Some scant ma- 
terials in the American Museum of Natural History, believed to 
belong to Compsemys victa, led the writer to believe that the species 
possessed no mesoplastron and that it belonged among the Derma- 
temydide. In 1909, Mr. J. H. Gardner and Mr. J. W. Gidley dis- 
covered in probably Puerco or Torrejon deposits, near Ojo Alamo, 
New Mexico, materials representing the two new species of Compsemys 
described below. These materials show plainly that the genus had a 
very large mesoplastron and that it belongs to the superfamily 
Amphichelydia. The strong development of the axillary and the 
inguinal buttresses seem to ally the species with the Baénide, rather 
than with the Pleurosternide. The following definition of Compsemys 
is therefore proposed: 

A genus of Baénide. Plastron relatively small, with broad meso- 
plastra which meet at the midline. Axillary and inguinal buttresses 
rising above the lower ends of the costals; these buttresses wide 
transversely to the body and shutting off ample sternal chambers. 
Peripheral bones united to costals by jagged sutures. Neural bones 
with the broader end forward. External surface of all the bones 
ornamented with small circular pustular elevations. 


COMPSEMYS PARVA, new species. 


The specimen which forms the type of the present species was col- 
lected by Messrs. Gardner and Gidley, at Ojo Alamo, San Juan County, 
New Mexico. The catalogue number in the U. S. National Museum 
is 6548. There is some doubt regarding the level at which the speci- 
men was secured, but it is supposed that it came from the beds above 
the upper conglomerate; therefore above the dinosaur beds. 

The individual was a small one, the length of the plastron having 
probably not exceeded 120 mm. There are present the greater part 
of both hypoplastra, a part of the right mesoplastron, a part each of 


No. 1747. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FOSSIL TURTLES—HAY. 309 








the right and the left hyoplastra, the greater portion of the left first 
costal bone, and parts of three other costals. All of these bones, 
except one of the costals, are illustrated here (Plate 10, figs. 1-3) by 
reproductions of photographs. The inc.vidual was not a young one, 
inasmuch as all the bones are closely sutured together. The bones, 
too, are relatively thick and solid. Fig. 1 presents .a restoration of 
the plastron. Only the stippled portions are represented by bones 
actually known. Plate 10, fig. 1, represents the same bones placed in 
their natural relations. 

The width of the hinder lobe is only 51 mm.; but this was probably 
narrow incomparison with the whole width of the shell, which was prob- 
ably about 110 mm. wide. 
The right hypoplastron 
is incomplete, since the 
outer anterior border and 
a part of the buttress are 
missing. Its length is 25 
mm.; its thickness on 
the midline and on a line 
between the two buttresses 
is 6 mm.; where it joined 
the xiphiplastron, 3.5 mm. 
On the upper surface is ¢ 
notch for a process of the 
xiphiplastron. But little 
of the subacute free border 
is preserved. Evidently 
the buttress was strong, 
and it probably ascended 
to the lower ends of the cos-~ 
tals. The right hypoplas- 
tron is somewhat longer __ Le ee oes 

P Fig. 1.—COMPSEMYS PARVA. X %. RESTORATION OF PLASTRON. 
than the left and came into THE STIPPLED AREAS INDICATE THE PARTS ACTUALLY KNOWN, 
contact with the inner end 
of the left mesoplastron. The latter bone is 12 mm. wide near the 
inner end. How long it was transversely to the body can not be 
accurately determined, nor its distal width. It is 6 mm. thick at 
the front edge. It is remarkable how near to the inguinal notches 
the hypo-xiphiplastral suture is placed. The mesoplastron of the 
left. side was considerably wider at the inner end than was the one of 
the right side, inasmuch as it came into contact with the right hyo- 
plastron a distance of 3 or 4 mm., and probably for a short distance 
with the right hyoplastron. 

The right hyoplastron lacks the outer and the anterior portions. 
It is thick behind, to correspond with the mesoplastron. In the ante- 





310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 





rior inner angle there is a notch for a part of the border of the ento-— 


plastron. Of the right hyoplastron there is present the outer and 
anterior portion. The free border is rather obtuse. The sutural 
edge for contact with the epiplastron remains, as well as that for union 
with the entoplastron. In the latter notch the bone is 4 mm. thick. 
One can not be certain regarding the form ot the epiplastron. It is 
not probable that there was any specially developed epiplastral lip. 
There are on both hyoplastra traces of the humero-pectoral sulcus. 
From the axillary notches it was directed inward and strongly for- 
ward to cross the entoplastron, thus differing from that of Glyptops. 
The pectoro-abdominal sulcus crossed the plastron along the middle 
of the mesoplastra. The abdomino-femoral sulcus starts behind the 
bases of the inguinal buttresses and swings somewhat backward on 
its way to the midline. The median sulcus of the plastron follows 
closely the sutures between the bones of the two sides. In most of 
the relatives of this species it runs a very irregular course. There 
was probably a series of inframarginal scutes on each bridge, but 
these do not appear on the specimen. 

Of the left first costal (Plate 10, fig. 2) only the outer extremity is 
missing. The articulation with the peripherals was by means of 
dentated sutures. On the upper surface are parts of the first costal 
scute and of the first and second vertebrals. As the width of neither 
the nuchal nor the first neural bone is known it is impossible to deter- 
mine accurately the width of the vertebral scutes represented. How- 
ever, the first vertebral was considerably wider than the second. On 
the inferior surface of the bone is seen the ridge produced by the 
strongly developed rib, which forms an articulation with the axillary 
buttress. This buttress rose about 10 mm. above the lower border 
of this costal. 

The costals represented by fig. 3 of Plate 10 belong to the left side. 
The one with the descending sulcus is probably the fourth from the 
front; and the next one, the fifth. ‘These bones are about 3 mm. thick. 
The vertebral scutes extended out about 10 mm. from the neural bor- 
ders. It is probable, therefore, that the vertebral scutes were not 
far from 30 mm. wide. All the bones of the specimen are orna- 
mented with low, close-set elevations, or pustules, of which there are 
seven in a line 5mm. long. Their summits are rounded and the val- 
leys between them are of moderate width. In C. victa there is the 
same number of pustules in a 5 mm. line, but they seem to have more 
pointed summits and the intervening valleys are wider. In compari- 
son with their width the bones of C. parva are considerably thicker 
than those of the type of C. victa. In C. parva the vertebral scute 
extends beyond the neural border of the costal a distance equal to the 
width of the costal; in C. victa the vertebral extends outward a dis- 
tance equal to only two-thirds the width of the costal. 


No. 1747. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FOSSIL TURTLES—HAY. ok 


COMPSEMYS VAFER, new species. 


The type of Compsemys vafer consists of about nine peripherals, 
three neurals, a few fragments of costal plates, and some fragments 
of the plastron. This material was collected by Messrs. Gardner and 
Gidley near Ojo Alamo, New Mexico, in deposits about 50 feet above 
the upper conglomerate, and therefore above the dinosaur-bearing 
beds. The catalogue number in the U. 8. National Museum is 6551. 
At the same level the collectors obtained the right mesoplastron and 
right hypoplastron of one individual and the left hypoplastron of 
another, which are regarded as belonging to the same species as that 
numbered 6551. The three bones last mentioned are included under 
the catalogue number 6553. 

Most of the bones of the first-named individual are covered with a 
layer of clay which is so hard that it is very difficult to remove it. 





Fics. 2-5.—COMPSEMYS VAFER. xé. 2, FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD NEURALS; 3, FIRST AND THIRD RIGHT 
PERIPHERALS, WITH RESTORATION OF THE SECOND; 4, SECTION OF FRONT END OF EIGHTH PERIPHERAL; 
5, SECTION ACROSS TENTH PERIPHERAL. 


Nevertheless a few of the bones are in satisfactory condition. It is 
estimated that the carapace had originally a length of about 1 foot. 
The three neurals (fig. 2) are the first, second, and third of the series. 
The form of each is seen from the figure. The first is 25 mm. long 
and 19 mm. wide; the second is 21 mm. long, 23 mm. wide, and 7 
mm. thick; the third is 22 mm. long, 24 mm. wide, and 8 mm. thick. 

One fragment of a costal is 26 mm. wide, 4 mm. thick at one edge, 
and 5mm.at theother. Another fragment (Plate 10, fig. 4) is figured 
to show the sculpture. Proximal ends of the three costals vary from 
5 to 6 mm. in thickness. Fig. 5 of Plate 10 represents the upper sur- 
face of the right first peripheral. It is 5.5 mm. thick where it joined 
the nuchal, 8 mm. where it joined the second peripheral. The tree 
border is obtuse. On the lower side the sculptured surface extends 
backward from the edge 8 mm. at the end next the nuchal; 14 mm. 
at the other end. On the upper surface are portions of the first and 


Se PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL_MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


second marginal scutes-and of the first vertebral and first costal. 
The second peripherals are both missing, but both third peripherals 
are present. The length along the obtuse free border is 37 mm.; the 
height, 33 mm.; thickness in front, 7 mm.; behind,15 mm. As will 
be seen (fig. 3) the marginal scutes run low down on this peripheral 
also. One of the bridge peripherals, apparently the fourth, is 33 mm. 
long and rises above the surface of the plastron 25 mm. Six of the 
hinder peripherals are represented in the lot. The eighth has a 
height of 45 mm. The others have the upper border broken away. 
Fig. 4 represents the anterior end of the eighth; fig. 5 a section of 
“probably the tenth. The free border of all these peripherals is sub- 
acute. The position of the sulci on them has not been determined. 
All the bones, where the outer surface is visible, present an orna- 
mentation of pustules. They are flat topped and the intervening 
valleys are very narrow. There are usually seven pustules in a line 
5 mm. lone. 

The fragments of the plastron tell little. One piece appears to 
belong to the right hypoplastron and to bear a part of the base of 
the buttress. Attached is a fragment of the mesoplastron. At the 
suture between the two bones the thickness is 6.5 mm. Another frag- 
ment, perhaps the inner end of the mesoplastron, is 8 mm. thick. On 
a fragment of a costal plate the sulcus bounding laterally a vertebral 
scute is 16 mm. from the neural border. Taking into consideration 
the width of the neural bones, the vertebral scutes must have been 
about 55 mm. wide. 

Figs. 1 and 2 of Plate 11 represent the three plastral bones in- 
cluded under the catalogue number 6553. The right hypoplastron 
(Plate 11, fig. 1) hasalength of 43mm. At the hinder inner angle the 
thickness is 4 mm.; at the middle of the length, on the suture with its 
fellow, the thickness is 8 mm.; at the anterior inner angle,6mm. No 
part of the free border behind the inguinal buttress remains; hence 
the width of the hinder lobe can not be determined. It could not 
have been far from 90 mm. The mesoplastron (Plate 11, fig. 1) has 
a width of 23 mm. near the inner end; but even within a distance of 
20 mm. the width has increased to 30 mm. At its inner end this 
bone is 7.5 mm. thick, but the thickness becomes somewhat reduced 
outward. The left mesoplastron was evidently wider at the inner 
end than the right, for it certainly articulated with the right hypo- 
plastron on an oblique line 10 mm. long and probably with the right 
hyoplastron also. The left hypoplastron (Plate 11, fig. 2) agrees in 
all essential respects with the other. There is no possibility that the 
bone is the hyoplastron. 

On viewing the lower side of these bones one is struck with the 
irregularity of the median sulcus. Between the abdominal scutesit 
formed a great loop, toward the right in one individual and toward 


No. 1747. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FOSSIL TURTLES—HAY. ola 


the left in the other. The abdomino-femoral sulcus runs straight 
across the hypoplastra from opposite the middle of the inguinal but- 
tresses, thus differing considerably from that of C. parva. 

On the right mesoplastron and hypoplastron the lower surface is 
mostly furnished with small pits and low ridges, but there are areas 
where these are replaced by pustules. Especially near the sutural 
borders the pustules are arranged in rows at right angles with the 
suture. The left hypoplastron is everywhere ornamented with pus- 
tules and this is doubtless the normal condition. The pustules have 
the size and flatness seen on the bones of the type specimen. 

The sculpture of this species differs from that of both C. victa and 
C. parva. The neural of C. victa, the second, fourth, or possibly 
sixth, is 24 mm. long, 25 mm. wide, and 9 mm. thick. The third 
neural of C. vaferis only 8 mm. thick. It is greatly to be desired that 


as 


more complete specimens of C. victa be collected in the type-locality. 
BASILEMYS PRAECLARA, new species. 


The remains on which this species is based were found on June 21, 
1909, by a party of the U. S. Geological Survey consisting of Dr. 
T. W. Stanton, Mr. M. R. Campbell, and Mr. W. R. Calvert. The 
bones are accompanied by a note which states that they were found 
in the so-called somber beds, about 3 miles northeast of the mouth 
of Dirt Lodge Creek, South Dakota. The more accurate locality is 
given as section 12, township 20 north, range 22 east. This is in 
Boreman County, north of Grand River. In the same collection are 
bones of Trachodon, Triceratops, Myledaphus bipartitus, and other 
fossils belonging to the Lance formation, better known as Ceratops 
beds. The specimen consists of the epiplastral beak, a fragment of 
the rim of the posterior lobe of the plastron, the thickened anterior 
border of the nuchal, a free peripheral bone, and a number of frag- 
ments of the plastron and the carapace. The catalogue number of 
the specimen in the U.S. National Museum is 6540. 

The most important part of the turtle here described is the epiplas- 
tral beak (Plate 10, fig. 6), and this indicates that the species is quite 
distinct from both B. variolosa and B. sinuosa. The individual had a 
size about that of the type of B. sinuosa; that is, the carapace was 
probably about 700 mm. long. This beak seems to differ from that 
of B. sinuosa in not being notched at the midline in front and in not 
being broadly channeled along the midline on the underside. It 
differs from that of B. variolosa in that it projects forward, at the 
culo-humeral sulci, from the curvature of the remainder of the lobe. 
The lower surface of the fragment (fig. 6), which includes the whole 
length of the symphysis between the epiplastral bones and a part 
of the entoplastron, is very slightly concave, becoming convex and 
turned slightly upward in front. Fig. 7 shows a perpendicular trans- 


814 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot. 38. 


verse section taken at the widest part of the fragment, which is 
apparently not far in front of the outer ends of the humero-pectoral 
sulci; fig. 8 presents a perpendicular section along the midline. 
The greatest thickness of the lip is 55 mm. Its width at the gulo- 
intergular sulci is 100 mm.; at the gulo-humeral sulci it must have 
been at least 120 mm. The lip of B. sinuosa is only 95 mm. wide at 
the latter-named sulci. 

It is in the conformation of the intergular and gular scutes that are 
found the characters that most clearly Jig anaes this species from 
the two others mentioned. In B. variolosa the intergulars are very 
large and extend backward to or on the entoplastron; while the gulars 
are small and are crowded far away from the midline. In B. sinwosa 





Fics. 6, 7.—BASILEMYS PRAECLARA. X}3. 6, LOWER SURFACE OF FRONT END OF PLASTRON; ent, ENTO- 
PLASTRON; epi, EPIPLASTRON; gul, GULAR SCUTE; intg, INTERGULAR SCUTE; 7, SECTION ACROSS FRONT 
END OF PLASTRON A LITTLE IN FRONT OF ENTOPLASTRON. 


the intergulars are much like those of B. variolosa, but the gulars 
extend inward and join each other on the entoplastron. In B. pre- 
clara the intergulars lack much of reaching backward to the ento- 
plastron, while the gulars meet each other on the epiplastra and the 
entoplastron. The anterior end of the sulcus between the gulars 
is about 66 mm. behind the front of the lip; the hinder end about 
124 mm. behind the front. 

A fragment of the rim of the plastron belongs behind the left ingui- 
nal notch and includes the suture: between the left hypoplastron and 
the left xiphiplastron. The thickness of the bone at the suture is 
47 mm. Fig. 9 shows a section taken 40 mm. behind this suture. 
The outer sculptured surface of the bones rises nearly perpendicu- 
larly from the flat lower surface to the summit of the ridge that 


No. 1747. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FOSSIL TURTLES—HAY. 815 


runs backward from the inguinal notch. Fig. 10 represents the 
outline of the anterior part of the nuchal bone, while fig. 11 shows 
the section of the bone where it joined the first peripheral. From 
one extremity of the bone to the other, at the anterior border and in 
a straight line, the distance is 87 mm. The greatest thickness of the 
bone is at the midline and amounts to 36 mm. The nuchal scute is 
32 mm. long, 5 mm. wide in front, and 11 mm. behind. On the 





Figs. 8, 9.—BASILEMYS PRAXCLARA. X34. 8, MEDIAN SECTION OF FRONT OF PLASTRON; et, ENTOPLAS- 
TRON; €pi, EPIPLASTRON; 9, SECTION OF FREE BORDER OF XIPHIPLASTRON 40 MM. BEHIND HYPOPLASTRON, 


antero-inferior surface of the bone this nuchal scute broadens to a 
width of 25 mm. where it joined the soft skin. 

There is present the thickened border of one free peripheral, prob- 
ably one of the hinder ones. It is 90 mm. long at the free edge and 
has a maximum thickness of 26 mm. On the inferior surface the 
sculpture rises to a height of 45 mm. The bone is crossed by a 
sulcus between two marginal scutes. The sulci found on the various 


bones present great contrasts. Sometimes they are extremely narrow 





Fics. 10, 11.—BASILEMYS PRECLARA. X34. 10, UPPERSURFACE OF FRONT OF NUCHAL; 11,SECTION ACROSS 
NUCHAL NEAR UNION WITH FIRST PERIPHERAL. 


and shallow and can hardly be followed over the pits and ridges, 
while others are broad and sometimes deeply impressed. The bones 
are sculptured as in the two other species of the genus that have been 
mentioned. The ornamentation consists of pits separated by sharp 
ridges, and the latter rise into points at the boundary between three 
pits. On some parts of the carapace the pits are shallow, resembling 
those of some Trionychide. The lower surface of some of the plas- 
tral bones are rough but often devoid of the pits. 


316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


BASILEMYS NOBILIS, new species. 


Among the turtle remains collected by Messrs. Gardner and 
Gidley at Ojo Alamo, New Mexico, are some portions of a species of 
Basilemys. These remains were found below the upper conglomerate 
bed, in the dinosaur-bearing deposits and about 50 feet above the 
lower conglomerate. There are many fragmentary parts of both 
the carapace and the plastron, but the most important part is the 
border of the right side of the hinder lobe of the plastron, including a 
portion of the hypoplastron and a part of the xiphiplastron. The 
bones present indicate a large turtle, one of nearly the size of the type 
of Basilemys variolosa, the type of the genus, the plastron of which 
was about 670 mm. long. The catalogue number of the type of 
Basilemys nobilis, here described, is 6555. 

The right extremity of the fragment of hypoplastron reaches out 
to the suture with the eighth peripheral. From this suture to that 
between the hypoplastron and the xiphiplastron, following the curve, 

is 102 mm. Near the 
former suture the bone 
is52mm. thick. From 
the border of the ingui- 
nal notch a wallextends 
backward along the 
border of the hinder 


Fias. 12, 13.—BASILEMYS NOBILIS. X}. 12, SECTION ACROSS FREE 
BORDER OF XIPHIPLASTRON 40 MM. BEHIND HYPOPLASTRON; ON lobe. At the hy PIOE 


THE LEFT THE SECTION ae DEPRESSION FOR PUBIS; 13, SECTION xiphiplastral suture this 
ACROSS FREE BORDER OF XIPHIPLASTRON 115 MM. BEHIND HYPO- ss 
Sense wall rises 40 mm. above 
the lower surface of the 
plastron. From the summit of the wall the bone slopes downward 
rapidly and about equally on the outside and the inside of the wall. 
Where the slope ceases on, the inner side of the wall the xiphiplastron, 
isabout 17 mm. thick. Passing backward 40 mm. the wall is somewhat 
higher, slightly steeper on the outside and overhanging on the inner 
side (fig. 12). At a distance of 60 mm. behind the hypo-xiphiplastral 
suture the wall is 36 mm. high and still more overhanging on the 
inner side. At the base of the wall here the thickness of the xiphi- 
plastron is 21 mm. As the rear of the xiphiplastron is approached 
the wall becomes lower, only 25 mm. where the fragment ends (fig. 
13). On the upper surface of the xiphiplastron there is a large oval 
scar which was occupied by the pubis. 

On. the lower surface of the outer extremity of the hypoplastron 
are seen the narrow thread-like sulci which bound the inguinal scute. 
This is only 25 mm. wide and it is thrown well out on the extremity 
of the bone. In B, variolosa this scute is much wider and extends 
medially to the free border of the hinder lobe. On the sloping 


a 


No. 1747. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FOSSIL TURTLES—HAY. 317 


outer face of the xiphiplastral wall, near the hinder end of the speci- 
men, is seen a part of the femoro-anal sulcus. 

From b. preelara, described above, this species differs in at least 
one important respect, the inner slope of the wall around the border 
of the hinder lobe of the plastron; as will be seen on comparing figures 
9 and 12. It differs from 6. sinuosa in about the same way; for in 
the latter the upper surface of the xiphiplastron slopes rapidly 
downward toward the central portion of the lobe. The writer has 
not at hand information regarding the same region in B. variolosa, 
but it probably does not differ in any important respect from that of 


B. sinuosa. 
ADOCUS VIGORATUS, new species. 


The fragmentary remains which are described under the above- 
given name were collected September 3, 1909, by Messrs. Gardner 
SD ) ) “ 







of (me a 





Fies. 14-18.—AbDOCcUS VIGORATUS. XX}. 14, FIRST NEURAL; 15, FIRST LEFT PERIPHERAL; 16, SECTION 
ACROSS FIRST LEFT PERIPHERAL, THE UPPER SURFACE TOWARD RIGHT; 17, LEFT SEVENTH PERIPHERAL; 
18, SECTION ACROSS FREE BORDER OF BASE OF HINDER LOBE. 


and Gidley, at Ojo Alamo, San Juan County, New Mexico. The 
bones were secured below the upper bed of conglomerate, in those 
beds which furnished remains of dinosaurs. The specimen bears 
the number 6554 of the catalogue of the U.S. National Museum. 
The individual was one of considerable size, the length of the 
carapace having been probably 500 mm. One neural (fig. 14) pres- 
ent is probably the most anterior one. It is narrowed in front, 
notched behind, and crossed by the sulcus that passed probably 
between the first and the second vertebral scutes. The length is 68 
mm. along the midline; the width is 40 mm. The anterior end was 
about 6 mm. thick; the posterior, 10 mm. Fig. 15 represents the 
form of the first left peripheral, while fig. 16 presents a section 
from the free border to the border that articulated with the first 
costal. The bone is about 53 mm. wide along the anterior border and 
67 mm. high. Its greatest thickness is 19 mm., and this is the same 


318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 





where the bone joined the nuchal and where it joined the second 
peripheral. The free border is obtuse. On the upper surface are 
seen part of the first vertebral scute, a part of the first costal scute, 
and parts of the first and the second marginal scutes. The ascending 
plate of one of the bridge peripherals is penetrated by the extremity 
of a rib. 

Fig. 17 presents a view of the left seventh peripheral. Its length 
near the free border is 73 mm.; its height is 96 mm. The free border 
is subacute. The front border is greatly thickened, to form a shoul- 
der to receive the inguinal buttress of the plastron. This buttress 
did not rise to the lower borders of the costals. On the upper part 
of the inner face of the bone is a shallow groove in which lay the end 
of the rib of the fifth costal plate. Farther down this rib enters the 
bone and descends a distance of 44 mm. from the upper border. 

Of the plastron there are present a fragment of the right xiphi- 
plastron and the portion of the hypoplastron that sends up the right 
inguinal buttress. Fig. 18 represents a section taken just behind 
this buttress. It shows the thickness of the bone and the form of the 
free border at the base of the hinder lobe. The underside of the 
fragment shows the outer end of the abdomino-femoral sulcus. The 
xiphiplastron is quite thin, the thickness just behind the femoro-anal 
sulcus being only 6mm. The free edge is acute. The sulcus just 
named is directed forward as it moves toward the midline. 

The outer surfaces of all the bones, those of the plastron as well as 
those of the carapace, are ornamented with shallow pits arranged in 
more or less regular rows. The rows are directed obliquely to the 
sutural borders of most of the bones (Plate 11, fig. 3). There are 
three rows of pits in a line 5 mm. long. The ridges between the pits 
are rounded on their summits and the cross ridges are feeble. 

This species is evidently different from all of those decribed from 
the eastern region of the United States. From <A. lineolatus, the 
type of which came from Colorado, the present species differs in 
having a coarser sculpture, three rows of pits in a 5 mm. line, instead 
of four or five. 

ALAMOSEMYS ANNEXA, new species. 

The type of this species was found by Mr. J. H. Gardner, of the 
U.S. Geological Survey, in the Ignacio quadrangle, La Plata County, 
Colorado. The exact locality is given as section 1, township 34 
north, range 8 west. The following note accompanied the specimen: 
“Turtle bones from the top of the Animas or above.’’ This refers to 
the Animas formation. Inasmuch as the type of the genus Alamos- 
emys substricta was found in the Torrejon of New Mexico,‘ it appears 

a Mr. Walter Granger, the discoverer of this turtle, informs me that it was found in 
a dry sand arroyo easf of Escavada canyon. The locality is near the southeastern 
corner of San Juan County, close to the line between this county and what is now 
McKinley County. 


econ a 


No. 1747. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FOSSIL TURTLES—HAY. 319 


probable that the same formation occurs in the Ignacio quadrangle. 
The number of the specimen in the catalogue of the U.S. National 
Museum is 6539. 

No part of this specimen is present, except the plastron. Of this 
little is missing. The character which is depended on to separate the 
genus Alamoseyms from Adocus is the restriction of the marginal 
scutes to the peripheral bones. As these bones are wholly missing, 
this character can not be observed. However, the plastron is so 
closely like that of A. substricta, the type of the genus, that there can 
be hardly a doubt that this 
species, too, belongs to Ala- 
mosemys. 

The individual was some- 
what smaller than the type of 
A. substricta, the total length 
of the plastron being 335 
mm., from which it is esti- 
mated that the carapace was 
about 445 mm. long. The 
carapace of the type of A. 
substricta is 550 mm. long. 

Fig. 19 shows the form and 
proportions of the plastron as 
well as the form and _ propor- 
tions of its various bones and 
horny scutes. The following 
table presents three columns 
of measurements. In the first 
column are certain measure- 
ments taken from the type of 
A. substricta; in the second 
are corresponding measure- 
ments taken from the plas- 
tron here described; while in the third column are the measurements 
of the first column reduced by 16 per cent of their value. This reduc- 
tion is made for the following reason: The length of the anterior 
lobe of A. annexa is made the standard of comparison and this is 84 
mm. long. That of A. substricta is 100 mm., which reduced by 16 
per cent becomes 84mm. All the other measurements of A. substricta 
being reduced in the same proportion, we have the figures of the third 
column, which, on comparison with those of the second column, show 
the agreements and differences in these measurements of the two 
species. 








Fig. 19.—ALAMOSEMYS ANNEXA. X}. LOWER SURFACE 
OF THE PLASTRON. 


320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Table of measurements. 











LF eae tes 
Parts measured. A. substricta.| A.annera. | ~ eee 
ee —_—_——_— ~ as = 
mm. | mm. mm. 
Length:ofanteriorlobe..c ..2 << <2 sas aeber samen lo seer 100 S4 S4 
Width of.anterior lobe......... ---<-<csecec-bee oan een eee 209 177 175 
Thicknessiof edge near fronts. 5-222 22-2 22 ae eae a 9 8 7.5 
Leneth.of.entoplastron. =.- << << js: dic so sees eeee ee 55 SL 46 
Widthofentoplastron =. 226-2. 52. sce eee mine eee eee | 90 he) 76 
Widtof bridge... ssoe-s0 aes 9 a eee ee eee 180 160 | 151 
Length of posterior lobe. 2... - 2222-25 2-e = Sans 2s eenslnoen | 132 100 | 110 
Width of posterior lobe. .-.. << = 5.0.2 2222 -ee ane oe ee 190 163 160 
Contact of hyoplastral bones... ....-2..---2--+2- 6-2 2-4 -0-- | 100 72+ 84 
Contact of hypoplastral bones... ......-.-------------2------ 135 100+ 113 
Contact of hyo and hypoplastral bones taken together... .---- 235 173} 197 
Length of intergular'sulcus. .\- 2222.2 scarce wicwiatee sinister a= 50 ASAE 42 
Combined width’ ofintergulars..: - s.222 ons asses e ee - oleae 75 65 «| 63 
Length of interhumeralisulcus. -.< . ....52.0- 5-2-5225 -8e22-s--20- 48 28 40 
Length ofinterpectoral sulcus... 2... 222-2222 00--2-552 2-25-25 46 40 | 39 
Length of interabdominal suleus. -.. =. =: 2< 22-2222 225-222 coe | 128 110 | 108 
Length of interfemoral’sulcuss< .6c22s se es- 22 = 42 So eg | 80 52° | 67 
Lengthiofinteranal'suleus 3.5. 5-2) =. 222 22e- cee ete 67 | ole 56 
| 


| 
| 


The anterior lobe is rounded in front, without appearance of 
epiplastral lip. Its free borders are subacute. Seen from above, 
the bones thicken from this edge, until at about 15 mm. from the 
edge they have a thickness of from 7 to 9 mm. The upper surface 
of the lobe is nearly flat. The buttresses, anterior and _ posterior, 
are little developed. The entoplastron differs from that of A. sub- 
stricta in being somewhat pointed behind, instead of rounded or 
subtruncated. It is longer than that of A. substricta in the ratio of 
51 to 46, and narrower in the ratio of 71 to 76. It will be observed 
that there is a union of the left hyoplastron with the right hypoplastron 
and a similar connection between the latter bone and the left xiphi- 
plastron. Such irregularities are probably only individual pecu- 
liarities, but similar ones are quite common among the ancient turtles. 

It is seen that the hyoplastra and the hypoplastra are shorter than 
in A. substricta, relatively to the length of the anterior lobe. The 
bridge, too, is shorter. The free border of the hinder lobe is somewhat 
less acute than that of the anterior lobe. At the hypo-xiphiplastral 
suture the bones are 9 mm. thick. On the midline, 30 mm. behind 
the suture just mentioned, the thickness is only 7 mm. ‘The free 
borders of the xiphiplastrals posteriorly are acute. On the upper 
surface of each xiphiplastral there is a crescentic elevation for attach- 
ment of the pubic bone. 

The lower surface of the plastron is very indistinctly sculptured. 
The appearance is as if there were rows of small pits, as in Adocus; 
but they are so faintly impressed that they are hardly to be detected. 

It will be seen that many of the horny scutes had very irregular 
boundaries. Especially the median suleus runs a very tortuous 
course. The gular and intergular scutes differ little from those of 
A. substricta. The humero-pectoral sulcus crosses the hinder border 


No. 1747. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FOSSIL TURTLES—HAY. ook 





of the entoplastron. In A. substricta the sulcus is only tangent to the 
bone. The line of contact between the right and the left humerals 
is thus shorter than in A. swbstricta in the ratio of 28 to 40, as is shown 
in the second and third columns of the table. The pectorals of the 
two species have the same relative length, as also the abdominals 
have. The hinder lobe of A. annexa is more narrowed posteriorly 
than that of A.substricta. On cach bridge there are four inframarginal 
scutes, which resemble closely those of the type of the genus. 


Genus HOPLOGCHELYS Hay. 


Supported by the materials described below under the name 
Hoplochelys bicarinata the writer ventures to add to the definition of 
the genus that was given in his work The Fossil Turtles of North 
America, page 263. 

Shell thick and solid. Peripherals united to the plastral bones by 
means of digitations and dentated sutures; with the costals by 
gomphosis and in some cases by simple apposition, in others by close 
sutures. Carapace furnished with three dorsal carine, the median 
sometimes feebly developed. Plastron with the anterior and pos- 
terior lobes immovable and with the posterior narrow. <A row of 
inframarginal scutes on each bridge. Pectoral and femoral scutes 
meeting and crowding the abdominals from mutual contact at the 
midline. Intergulars and gulars wanting, or consolidated with the 


humerals. 
HOPLOCHELYS BICARINATA, new species. 


The type of the present species has the catalogue number 6549 of 
the U.S. National Museum. It was collected September 2, 1909, at 
Ojo Alamo, San Juan County, New Mexico, by Messrs. Gardner and 
Gidley. It is stated to have been found 50 feet above the upper bed 
of conglomerate, and it therefore belongs probably to either the 
Puerco or the Torrejon. The type of the genus is Hoplochelys crassa 
(Cope). This was secured by Cope’s collector at Chaco Canyon, San 
Juan County, New Mexico, but there is uncertainty whether in the 
Puerco or the Torrejon. Two other species of the genus, /7. saliens 
and H. paludosa, are from the Torrejon; a third, //. calata Hay, is 
from the Fort Union of Montana, but the beds appear to be equiva- 
lent to the Torrejon. 

Of the specimen here described there are present parts of two 
neurals, one complete costal, the left fourth, and parts of several 
others, eleven peripherals, and the greater part of the plastron. The 
bones are thick and the shell was heavy and solidly constructed. 
The outer surface of all the bones is undulating, but smooth, and there 
is no ornamentation of any kind. The carapace (Plate 12, fig. 1) 
had originally a length of about 175 mm. and a width of about 140 

Proc. N. M. vol.38—10——21 


822 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 





mm. The shell was high and strongly arched from side to side. 
Along the back ran a very feeble median keel and on each side a 
strong lateral keel. The lateral keels are not as acute on their sum- 
mits as are those of H. crassa, but are rounded. On the side toward 
the midline the base of each lateral keel is bounded by the deep and 
sharply impressed sulcus which limits laterally the vertebral scutes. 
Just in front of the sulcus which descends between contiguous costal 
scutes the keel rises abruptly from the costo-vertebral sulcus and then 
rounds off into the general level of the costal bone. On the slope of 
the keel toward the median line a well-defined groove begins at the 
crossing of the descending sulcus and runs backward, gradually dis- 
appearing before reaching the next descending sulcus. The second 
neural is 25 mm. long, 16 mm. wide, and 7 mm. thick; the fourth, 
not present, had a length of about 23 mm.; the fifth is 18 mm. wide 
and 9 mm. thick near the anterior and its length was approximately 
14mm. The left fourth costal plate is 23 mm. wide where crossed 
by the costo-vertebral suleus; 27 mm. at the distal end. Where it 





—— oe 


Fias. 20-23.—HOPLOCHELYS BICARINATA. X%. 20, FRONT END OF FOURTH PERIPHERAL—@, GROOVE 
FOR PROCESS OF HYPOPLASTRON; 6, LATERAL CARINA WITH GROOVE ABOVE IT; 21, HINDER END OF FOURTH 
PERIPHERAL; 22, FRONT END OF EIGHTH PERIPHERAL—4, PIT FOR PROCESS OF HYPOPLASTRON; 23, EIGHTH, 
NINTH, TENTH, AND ELEVENTH PERIPHERALS. 


joined the neural the thickness is 8 mm.; through the lateral keel, 
8 mm.; through the distal end, 5 mm. The rib-heads were rather 
slender. The nuchal bone and both of the first peripherals are miss- 
ing. The third peripheral is 27 mm. long; the fourth, 24 mm.; the 
fifth, 21 mm.; the sixth, 21 mm. The seventh is wanting on both 
sides. The eighth is 25 mm. long; the ninth, 24 mm. At its front 
the third peripheral is 23 mm. high and 9 mm. thick. The succeeding 
three are equally thick. Fig. 20 represents the front end of the 
fourth and fig. 21 the hinder end. The latter articulated with the ante- 
rior process of the hyoplastron. This process continued forward in 
a deep groove along the inner face of the fourth peripheral and 
entered a pit in the third. There is also a small pit in the third for 
the rib of the first costal, and in the fourth a larger one for the rib 
of the second costal. Doubtless there were pits in the succeeding 
three peripherals for the corresponding ribs, but the upper borders of 
these peripherals are broken away. The hinder end of the lower 
border of the fourth, the whole lower border of the fifth, and the 
anterior end of the lower border of the sixth peripherals formed a 


No. 1747. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FOSSIL TURTLES—HAY. 320 





jagged suture with the hyoplastron. The remainder of the lower 
border of the sixth and the whole of the same border of the seventh 
peripherals were similarly joined to the hypoplastron. The eighth 
(figs. 22, 23) has a pit in the inner face of its anterior end for a process 
of the hypoplastron. The anterior end of the eighth is 18 mm. 
thick, the posterior end 12 mm. The ninth peripheral (fig. 23) is 
27 mm. high, and it has a pit near the hinder end of its upper border. 
The tenth peripheral (fig. 23) seems to have had a pit for the rib of 
the last costal plate. There is another peripheral (fig. 23) which 
appears to be the eleventh of the left side. It presents no pit in its 
upper border. Its border for the pygal is 9 mm. thick. The upper 
border of the third peripheral of the left side indicates that it joined 
the second costal by a jagged suture, and the same sort of union is 
betrayed by the distal end of what appears to be the second costal. 
The distal end of the fourth costal was evidently similarly sutured 
to the sixth peripheral. It is probable that all of the costals above 
the bridges were closely joined to the corresponding peripherals. 
The ninth peripheral has the upper border thin and smooth; the 
eleventh has this border jagged. From the somewhat upturned free 
border of the third peripheral a low keel, bounded above by a groove, 
is continued backward on the bridge peripherals, descending again 
to the free border of the eighth and succeeding peripherals. 

Of the plastron there are missing the left epiplastron, the outer 
extremity of the left hypoplastron, the whole of the right xiphiplastron, 
and the hinder end of the left xiphiplastron. The form of the plastron 
and of its various bones is shown by the figure (Plate 12, fig. 2) 
The total length of the plastron was close to 130 mm. The anterior 
lobe is 40 mm. long and 70 mm. wide at the base. The free border 
is obtuse and about 5 mm. thick. There is no suggestion of an 
epiplastral lip. The entoplastron is 26 mm. long, 26 mm. wide, 9 
mm. thick, pointed in front and broadly rounded behind. The 
hypoplastra joined a distance of 25 mm. on the midline; the hypo- 
plastrals, 26 mm.; the xiphiplastrals probably about 40 mm. The 
hinder lobe was close to 48 mm. long and 55 mm. wide at the base. 
The greatest thickness of the hypoplastra is 14 mm.; of the xiphi- 
plastra, 9 mm. 

The sulci of the carapace are narrow, but deeply impressed. The 
sulei descending on the second, fourth, and sixth costal bones are 
nearer the hinder border of the bones. The second vertebral scute 
was evidently 34 mm. wide. The third was 36 mm. wide and about 
45 mm. long. The costo-marginal sulci run along just below the 
upper borders of most of the peripherals, descending on the hinder 
peripherals to about the middle of their height. The intermarginal 
sulci descend a little in front of the middle of the length of the 
peripherals. 





324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. | 


The scutes of the plastron (Plate 12, fig. 2) have a remarkable 
arrangement. On each bridge are two inframarginals, an anterior 
and a posterior. The anals and the femorals can be identified with- 
out doubt. The femorals extend forward to the hyo-hypoplastral 
suture. In front of the femorals is a pair of large scutes that reach 
nearly the middle of the entoplastron and overlap the hinder ends 
of the epiplastron. On each side, lying between the scutes just 
described and the inframarginals, is another large scute that extends 
from the axillary to the inguinal notch and inwardly to within about 
18 mm. of the midline. It seems that these last-mentioned scutes 
must be the abdominals which, as in Chelydra, have been crowded 
from the midline by the expansion of the pectorals and the femorals. 
There are no traces of intergulars. Gulars and humerals remain 
to be accounted for, and only a single pair remains. It seems prob- 
able that the gulars have been suppressed or have coalesced with the 
humerals. The arrangement of the plastral scutes of this genus 
resembles that of Baptemys tricarinata,* except that the abdominals 
of Hoplochelys have been excluded from the midline. 

This species differs from //. crassa (Cope) in having the lateral 
keels of the carapace broader and more obtuse. //. crassa also 
evidently had the abdominal scutes pushed away from the midline. 
The width of these at the inguinal notch was about 13 mm.; whereas, 
in H. bicarinata, a larger individual, these scutes are only 5 mm. wide. 

From //. cxlata® the present species differs in not having the bones 
sculptured with oblique ridges. The outer faces of the hinder 
peripherals are not flat, as they are in //. cxlata, but more or less 
concave, with the free borders somewhat upturned. In H. cxlata 
the hypoplastron did not enter the eighth peripheral. The hinder 
end of the seventh is thin, as is also the whole of the eighth. In 
H. bicarinata the anterior end of the eighth is much thickened and 
receives a process from the hypoplastron. The hypoplastron of 
H. crassa (Cope) does not pass behind the seventh peripheral, resem- 
bling in this respect /7. cexlata. 


ASPIDERETES AMNIGENUS, new species. 


The writer ventures to describe as a new species a trionychid 
turtle which was secured by the same party that discovered the type 
of Basilemys preclara and in the same locality and formation. The 
catalogue number in the U. S. National Museum is 6574. This turtle 
is represented by the greater part of one costal plate (Plate 11, fig. 4), 
which appears to be the second of the left side. Of this costal 
there is present all except a small portion near the middle of the 


aay, Fossil Turtles of North America, p. 276, figs. 347, 348. 
b Hay, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 163, pl. 27. 


No. 1747. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FOSSIL TURTLES—HAY. 325 


length and a part of the hinder border near the distal end. Originally 
the costal had a length of about 180 mm. The breadth at the 
neural end is 41 mm; at the middle of the length, 51.5 mm. The 
thickness where the bone joined the neurals is 7 mm.; at the middle 
of the length, on the front border, 13.5 mm.; on the hinder border, 
10mm.; through the ridge formed by the rib at the distal end, 14 mm. 
The greater thickness of the anterior border, in the middle of the 
length, is due to the fact that the rib lies on the anterior half of the 
inferior surface. The free border of the carapace seems to have 
been cut off nearly at right angles with the upper surface, not beveled 
off as in many species of the family. 

It is in the sculpture of the upper surface that is found a character 
which appears to distinguish this species from its relatives. The 
upper surface is furnished with a system of ridges which rise quite 
abruptly from the nearly plane intervals between them. Usually in 
the trionychid tortoises the ridges anastomose so as to produce pits 
more or less regular in form and size. In the present species the 
ridges show little tendency to anastomose, and on the proximal 
two-thirds of the costal there are comparatively few distinctly 
inclosed pits. On the proximal third the ridges run in no predomi- 
nant direction and are interrupted and usually short. Many sepa- 
rate little hillocks are present. 

On the median third of the costal the ridges, about 3 mm. apart, 
run mostly at right angles with the intercostal sutures and there are 
long flat valleys between them, but the ridges are often broken up 
into rows of hillocks. On the distal third of the costal the ridges 
are more irregular in their courses and are more often connected by 
cross ridges, so that there are definitely formed pits. These become 
more reduced in size as the free border 1s approached. Over the 
whole surface, but somewhat less conspicuously on the ridges, are 
seen the openings of minute vascular canals. 


326 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








Fig. 4. 
5. Part of right first peripheral. 
}. Basilemys preclaraX%. View of the upper surface of the epiplastral lip. 


Fig. 


wnw re 


bo 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


PuLate 10. 
Figs. 1-3. Compsemys parvaX 1. 


. Plastral bones. On the left above, a part of the right epiplastron; on the 


right above, a part of the left epiplastron; below, the right and left 
hypoplastra. 


. Left first costal bone. 
. Two left costals, probably the fourth and fifth. 


Figs. 4,5. Compsemys vafer 1. 
A fragment of a costal, to show the ornamentation. 


PuatE 11. 
Figs. 1,2. Compsemys vafer 1. 


. Median ends of mesoplastron and hypoplastron of right side, seen from below. 
. Left hypoplastron of another individual. 
. Adocus vigoratusX1. A part of a peripheral above the bridge, to show the 


ornamentation. The upper border of the bone is toward the left. 


. Aspideretes amnigenusX1. Left second costal plate. Some portions missing. 


Puate 12. 
Hoplochelys bicarinataX %. 


. Part of one neural and parts of six costals. 
. Most of the plastron and various peripherals. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 10 





COmMPSEMYS AND BASILEMYS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 326. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 11 





Compsemys, ADOCUS, AND ASPIDERETES. 


For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 326. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 12 





HOPLOCHELYS BICARINATA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 926. 





A COMPARISON OF THE CHUB-MACKERELS OF THE 
ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS. 


By Barron WARREN EvERMANN 
and 
WILLIAM CONVERSE KENDALL, 


Of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. 


For a number of years the chub-mackerels, otherwise more or less 
locally known as Thimble-eye, Bulls-eye, and Hard-head mackerel, 
of both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans have been considered as one 
species of almost cosmopolitan distribution, bearing the name 
Scomber colias Gmelin (1788). More recently Doctor Jordan has 
assigned to them the earlier name, Scomber japonicus, under which 
the Japanese fish was described by Huttuyn (1782). 

Recently we have had an opportunity to compare two specimens 
of chub-mackerel from Peru with several from Rhode Island, and find 
certain conspicuous differences. Further evidence was obtained by 
comparison of a number of specimens from several localities in both 
the Atlantic and Pacific, which showed the same differences as well 
as others of shghter importance. The most pronounced difference 
is in the size of the head which is proportionately longer in the 
Pacific form. The minor differences are in the positions of the 
dorsal and ventral fins. In the Atlantic form the first or spinous 
dorsal is inserted nearer the tip of the snout, and there is a greater 
distance between its origin and the origin of the second dorsal than 
in the Pacific fish. In the Atlantic fish, too, the distance between 
the tip of the lower jaw and the base of the ventral is shorter than 
in the Pacific specimens. 

These differences are shown in the tables that follow. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1748. 


328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Comparative measurements of Atlantic and Pacific chub-mackerels. 
ATLANTIC SPECIMENS. 


; Distance 
| Distance from origin Distance 




















from tip of from tip of 

Total | Headin | snout to | rst dorsal) jower jaw 

eects length in| Jength origin of Ste to base of 

BOCAanILY « inch without | first dorsal! goycaiin | Ventral in 

nenes- | caudal fin. | in length | “Rae. length 
without Sr eRont without 
caudal. caudal caudal. 
| 
Point Judith, Rhode Island. ...............- | 8% 3.72 2.80 2.97 3.02 
PG eo ck conc os eee eee | 9 3. 76 2. 80 3.08 3.11 
DO oe ead dec teeth Seta tne eee | 94 3.72 2. 84 3.11 3.07 
DO Mee AME he, eo ee | 9h 3. 89 2. 84 3.17 3.22 
Vineyard Sound.........-. fatness tee esa 12 3.72 2.77 3.11 3.09 
Fulton Market. ..........2s.cssccseseesseeee 12} 3.70 2.76 | 3.02 3.02 
Genoa italy 222.3 44 Sone on er eee ese 124 3.78 2. 86 | 2.95 3.08 
Wenicetalyns sc. 23h tee ce eer 11 | 3.65 2.72 | 3.12 | 2.96 
PACIFIC SPECIMENS. 
| 

rakodate; Japan 0 2c onc toca Seneicacee en <o: 8 3.23 2.63 3. 26 2.85 
10h ee eee 8} 3.41 2.64 3.22 2.90 
DOs Soemene dp ee ek adds tas esewk tice eeer 7 3.37 2.75 3.26 2085 
AWA ADAM s,s oe odcinek on Speen see oe kaee 81 3.29 2.61 3.29 Ua 
Luzon, Philippine Islands. ......:.-.:-.i<--i-s 58 3.21 2.60 3.21 2.78 
Parigmia eee 2 eee ce Nee ne 5g 3. 23 2.74 3.23 2.80 
Santa Barbara, California.................... 13 3.41 2.67 3.21 2.84 
Peru, South America. ....... aaa ooreelecietreeils 91 3.14 2. 55 3.41 2.61 
On Sacer ee cc aoe os ae tedicin oe auierite sete 103 3:22 2.57 3.33 2.66 
DO tat pen ene erie See ee onee een 14 3. 24 2.48 3.39 2.64 
DD) Oeteta es, ee eee. ee ee ae 143 3.16 2.44 3.14 2.75 








Average proportional measurements of Atlantic and Pacific specimens. 


| | 











. Distance : 
Distance sie Distance 
| from tip of wont Guia from tip of 
Total Head in snout to to origin lower iaw 
Locality length in Jength origin of second to base of 
ae takes without | first dorsal dorealan ventral in 
* | caudal fin. | in length ength length 
without without without 
caudal. endl caudal. 
4 ie : | 
AIST Coe sacs are oo ese eee ae geen 108 3.74 2.79 | 3. 06 07 
PACING: econ cn lee toed. con ee oe 9Y5) 3. 26 2.60 | 3.27 2.76 





Proportional measurements of specimens of about the same length from both oceans. 











| 








: Distance ; 
Distance + Distance 
from tip of ou Goat from tip of 
Total | Head in | snout to to onion lower jaw 
Locality len th in length origin of saend to base of 
ee inches, | Without first dorsal | qgocov'S, | ventral in 
| caudal fln. | in length lenech length 
without Seittrout without 
caudal. eaves caudal. 
Point Judith, Rhode Island. ................ 9} Si72 2.84 al 3.07 
Peru, South America................... aaa eve 94 3.14 2.55. 3.41 2.61 
Genoa, Italy ics, sk. 2. shen, cuhesn ack eseee 123 3.78 2.86 2.95 3.08 
Peru, South America......................-. 14 | 3.24 2.48 | 3.39 2.64 





These figures show a well-marked difference between the Atlantic 
and Pacific chub-mackerels that is of specific value, and the Atlantic 
form should, therefore, retain the name Scomber colias Gmelin and 
the Pacific form the name Scomber japonicus Huttuyn. 


A NEW EUROPEAN CRINOID. 


By Austin Hosparr Crark, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U.S. National Museum. 


The careful and painstaking work of the late Dr. Oswald Seeliger 
upon the embryogeny of Antedon carried on at Trieste gave results 
which were, in many important particulars, different from those 
attained by Prof. Jules Barrois at Villafranca and by Mr. H. Bury 
at Naples. 

Seeliger finds the diameter of the eggs to be 0.25 mm., while 
Bury gives it as 0.30 mm. It will be remembered that Wyville 
Thomson found the eggs of Antedon bifida to measure 0.50 mm. in 
diameter. Seeliger noticed that the segmentation from the third 
cleavage furrow onward was unequal, resulting in the formation of 
a blastosphere with markedly larger cells at the vegetative than at 
the animal pole, but Bury and Barrois found the cells of the blasto- 
sphere to be similar throughout. Gastrulation occurred, according 
to Seeliger, scarcely seven hours after the appearance of the first 
cleavage furrow; but Barrois and Bury first noticed it from twenty 
to twenty-four hours after fertilization. Seeliger reports that the 
blastopore is closed at the latest thirty-six hours after the first 
cleavage, but Bury records that this change takes place about forty 
hours after. Bury, who was the first to find underbasals in Antedon 
(though their occurrence in the larve had been shown to be probable 
many years before by Wachsmuth and Springer), gives the usual 
number as three; Seeliger, on the other hand, reports it as four or five. 

Now from an embryological point of view these differences are 
fundamental, and are far greater than would reasonably be expected 
within the limits of a single species. All three workers referred their 
specimens to Antedon rosacea, which, as understood by them, ranged 
from Norway southward to and throughout the Mediterranean; but 
they all suspected that this specific determination was unsatisfactory, 
though none of them attempted to investigate the question. The 
Challenger report upon the comatulids had just been published, and 
this was naturally taken as their systematic basis. 

In the preparation of a monograph upon the recent crinoids I have 
been enabled, thanks to the kindness of very many fellow-workers, 


PrRoceepines U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1749. 


329 


830 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





to examine some hundreds of Antedons representing all the localities 
inhabited by the genus, and I find that there are four perfectly dis- 
tinct and readily recognizable species, two inhabiting the Atlantic 
coasts of Europe and two the southern shores east of the Straits of 
Gibraltar. For the two first the names Alecto petasus Diiben and 
Koren, 1846, and Asterias bifida Pennant, 1777, are available, while 
one of the two last should bear the title of (Comatula) mediterranea 
Lamarck, 1816. The fourth species, which so long ago as 1792 Olivi 
found to be abundant in the Adriatic Sea, has never been recognized 
by systematists, but has always been considered the same as the 
preceding, which, in turn, has usually been confused with the bifida 
of Pennant and often, in addition, with the petasus of Diiben and 
Koren. 

These four species, far from being so closely related that only an 
extremist can distinguish them, may be at once recognized at sight 
by anyone who will take the trouble to make himself familiar with 
their characters; the two Mediterranean forms have very long and 
slender arms, and long slender cirri with numerous segments, while 
the Atlantic species have much shorter and stouter arms and cirri, 
the latter with fewer segments. Antedon petasus differs from <A. 
bifida chiefly and most obviously in the very much greater number 
of its cirri, while the two Mediterranean forms are most readily differ- 
entiated by the proportionate length of the cirri and by the numbers 
of their component segments. 

A review of the facts presented by the study of comatulid ontogeny 
shows that Antedon bifida, and especially A. petasus, represent a 
phylogenetically more advanced condition than the comparatively 
primitive Mediterranean forms, and that of these latter the Adriatic 
species is less developed than the one found from Italy westward. 
Now the Adriatic form usually has four or five underbasals, and the 
one occurring at Naples, Toulon, and Villafranca three. No under- 
basals have ever been found in Antedon bifida, but this is not at all 
remarkable, nor does it reflect upon the powers of observation of the 
able naturalists who have studied it; for if the comparatively slight 
specialization of Antedon mediterranea over the Adriatic species is 
suflicient to result in the reduction of the number of underbasals 
from four or five to three, we may readily infer that the much greater 
degree of specialization of A. bifida over A. mediterranea would result 
in the elimination of underbasals entirely from the ontogeny of the 
former. I can see no reason whatever for doubting the accuracy of 
the work of Wyville Thomson, Perrier, and the two Carpenters, who, 
none of them, found underbasals in Antedon bifida, and I should be 
greatly surprised if anyone in the future should find them in that 
species or in A. petasus, except, perhaps, in sporadic instances. 


No. 1749. A NEW EUROPEAN CRINOID—CLARK. 331 





The anal plate is the only interradial which has been observed in 
the two Mediterranean species of the genus Antedon; but Wyville 
Thomson observed ‘‘in one or two cases * * * about the time 
of the first appearance of the anal plate a series of five minute 
rounded plates developed interradially between the lower edges of 
the anal plates and the upper edge of the basals.”” The appearance 
of five interradials in Antedon bifida is exceedingly interesting, for it 
_ shows an approach to the conditions found in the highly specialized 
family Comasteride, in which they are always, so far as known, 
highly developed in the young, and to the conditions found in the 
equally specialized family Pentametrocrinide, in which they were 
described in the young of one of the species of Pentametrocrinus 
(‘‘Thaumatocrinus’’). 

I have recently shown that Antedon is primarily an Indian 
Ocean genus, an intrusion into the Atlantic area, like Leptometra. 
The area inhabited by it is marked by a series of species each phylo- 
genetically more developed than its predecessor, and the least special- 
ized more advanced than the species of Mastigometra, its modern 
representative in the Indian Ocean. 

The hitherto undescribed Antedon from the Adriatic Sea may be 
appropriately known as: 


ANTEDON ADRIATICA, new species. 


Centrodorsal flattened hemispherical, about 4 mm. in diameter at 
the base, the bare dorsal pole flat, about 1.5 mm. in diameter; cirrus 
sockets arranged approximately in three closely crowded alternating 
rows, the uppermost of which includes about four sockets in each 
radial area. 

Cirri XXV-XL (usually XXX-XXXV) 22-30 (usually 24-28), 
20 mm. to 27 mm. long, slender, and of uniform thickness throughout 
their length; first segment very short, the second about half again as 
broad as long, the third about as long as broad, the fourth half again 
as long as the width of its expanded ends; fifth and following about 
twice as long as the width of the distal ends, and remaining of prac- 

ically the same proportions to the end of the cirrus, though the 
distal segments may be a trifle shorter than those nearer the base; 
penultimate segment nearly or quite twice as long as broad, and 
bearing a prominent slender and sharp opposing spine which is sub- 
terminal in position, directed slightly forward or nearly erect, and 
equal to about one-half the distal diameter of the penultimate seg- 
ment in height. Terminal claw slender, evenly tapering, and moder- 
ately and uniformly ce urved, about equal to the pe snultim: ate segment 


aThey have been Mieseribeds in the young of ( a ae they are equally ell 
developed in the pentacrinoids of Comactinia meridionalis. 


OOz PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


a 


in length. The fourth and following segments are moderately con- 
stricted centrally, so that the ends are prominent; this character 
slowly diminishes in the distal half of the cirri. The cirri are nearly 
round in basal section, but gradually become slightly compressed 
laterally and are moderately compressed in the distal portion; this 
lateral compression is very gradual, and is not attended with an in- 
crease in the lateral diameter of the cirrus as in Antedon bifida. Ina 
lateral view the dorsal profile of the segments is seen to be slightly 
more concave than the ventral, especially distally, making the proxi- 
mal and distal dorsal ends of the segments somewhat prominent. 

Disk resembling that of Antedon mediterranea, usually naked, but 
sometimes with a more or less abundance of calcareous spicules in 
the inner part of the interpalmar areas; sacculi abundant along the 
ambulacra, but small and irregularly arranged in one, two, or three 
rows, becoming more definitely arranged in a single row along the 
brachial ambulacra. 

Radials even with, or extending very slightly beyond, the edge of 
the centrodorsal, rising in the interradial angles of the calyx into a 
low triangle; I Br, oblong or slightly trapezoidal, two and a half to 
three times as broad as long, the lateral edges slightly produced and 
swollen; a shallow groove usually borders this swollen edge interiorly, 
which may be reduced to a small round pit just proximal to the 
median horizontal diameter of the ossicle. I Br, (axillary) roughly 
a right-angled triangle, the apex rather sharp; lateral edges, which 
are about half the length of those of the I Br,, somewhat swollen 
and produced. 

Ten slender arms 100 mm. to 110 mm. long; first brachial wedge- 
shaped, twice as long exteriorly as interiorly, about half again as broad 
as the exterior length, interiorly just in contact basally; the exterior 
margin is swollen and slightly produced; second brachial irregularly 
quadrate, larger than the first, though of about the same length 
exteriorly; synarthrial tubercles sometimes slightly prominent, but 
usually not marked; third and fourth brachials (syzygial pair) 


slightly longer interiorly than exteriorly, about half again as broad as * 


long in the median line; fifth brachial slightly wedge-shaped, about 
twice as broad as long in the median line, the following becoming 
more obliquely wedge-shaped, and after the second syzygy triangular, 
about as long as broad, soon becoming somewhat less oblique and 
wedge-shaped again and very slowly increasing in length, being very 
long terminally. Syzygies occur between the third and fourth brach- 
lals, again between the ninth and tenth and fourteenth and fifteenth, 
and distally at intervals of three oblique muscular articulations. 

P, 11 mm. to 13 mm. long with seventeen or eighteen segments, 
the first about as long as broad, the remainder about twice as long 
as broad, becoming somewhat longer distally; the pinnule is much 


teers 


No. 1749. A NEW EUROPEAN CRINOID—CLARK. 3338 


stouter than those succeeding, and tapers very gradually to the tip; 
it is not so slender distally as in A. bifida; the third and following 
segments have the distal outer edge produced and finely spinous, 
this increasing gradually in intensity and becoming prominent in the 
outer half of the pinnule. P, 7 mm. to 8 mm. long with twelve seg- 
ments, the first about twice as broad as long, the second squarish, the 
remainder about twice as long as broad, becoming terminally about 
three times as long as broad; the third and following develop pro- 
jecting and spinous distal outer edges which are quite prominent; P, 
and following pinnules similar to P,; the distal pinnules are 10 mm. 
to 12 mm. long, exceedingly slender, with twenty segments, the first 
longer than broad, the remainder greatly elongated with swollen 
articulations. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 24313, U.S.N.M., from Trieste. 

Ninety-six additional specimens from Trieste were examined. 

Cotypes are in the Copenhagen Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark; 
the Zoological Museum at Berlin, Germany, and in the Museum of 
Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Massachusetts. 





ON SOME OSTRACODA, MOSTLY NEW, IN THE COLLECTION 
OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


By Ricnarp W. SHarpe, 
Department of Biology, Dewitt Clinton High School, New York City. 


The Ostracoda herein recorded are from collections made in the 
Mississippi Valley in the States of Hlinois, Wisconsin, and Nebraska, 
from Massachusetts, and from Barbados, British West Indies. 

The specimens from Wisconsin were originally sent to the U.S, 
National Museum for identification by Miss Effie J. Rigden, of the 
University of Wisconsin. They were collected from aquaria at the 
university greenhouse, and the suspicion naturally arises that they 
were introduced with some exotic water plants. 

The specimens from Nebraska were kindly sent to the writer for 
identification and study by his friend, Prof. A. S. Pearse, of the 
University of Michigan. Those from Barbados were recently sent 
to the National Museum by the Imperial Department of Agriculture 
for the West Indies, and were collected by the entomologist of the 
department, Mr. Henry A. Ballou, on May 1, 1909. 


Genus CYPRIS O. F. Miller, 1792. 
Subgenus CYPRIS O. F. Miiller, 1792. 


CYPRIS (CYPRIS) GLOBULOSA, new species. 


Dimensions.—Length of female, 0.77 mm.; breadth, 0.58 mm.; 
height, 0.52 mm. Male, unknown. 

Characters.—An unusually small member of this genus, very much 
resembling Cypridopsis-like forms, not alone in size, but in shape. 
Indeed, the individuals are so plump that instead of lying on their 
side, as is so common among Ostracods, they usually remain dorsal or 
ventral side up. The shells of preserved specimens show no especial 
markings of any sort. 

Seen from the side (fig. 1a) the shell is two-thirds as high as long, 
with the highest point in the middle; dorsal margin shghtly humped; 
ventral margin sinuate in the middle. Seen from above (fig. 1b) the 
shell is broadly egg-shaped, but pointed anteriorly, where the right 
shell overlaps the left; shell sparsely hairy, with the greatest 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1750. 


336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 








breadth just posterior to the middle; natatory sete of the second 
antennx reaching well beyond tips of terminal claws; the two spines 
of the first maxillary process stout and toothed; terminal segment 
of second foot beak-shaped (fig. 1d), and bearing a large hook-shaped 
spine, and a seta which is about two and a half times the length of 
the spine; terminal claw of first foot about as long as rest of foot; 
caudal ramus smooth (fig. 1¢), long and slender, and about eighteen 
times as long as wide; terminal claw very long and seta-like, fully 
three-fourths as long as the ramus; subterminal claw about one-half 
as long as terminal one, and also very slender and seta-like; terminal 
seta weak, scarcely evident; dorsal seta about one-third length of 
subterminal claw, and situated about the width of the ramus from it. 
Remarks.—A number of specimens of this interesting Cypris were 
sent to the U.S. National Museum for identification by Miss Effie J. 
Rigden, of the University of 
Wisconsin. She had been 
studying their light reac- 
tions. Speaking of their 
habitat she says: ‘‘The 
Ostracods whose habitat 
you wish to know were 
taken from a tub in the 
greenhouse at the Univer- 
sity of Wisconsin. They 
have been living there all 
winter. I have not found 
them elsewhere. The tub 
is kept filled with fresh 
Fig. 1.—Cypris (CYPRIS) GLOBULUS. @, RIGHT SHELL FROM water, and contains several 
aca behad ahaa VIEW, X70; c, FURCA, X210; d, water plants, and a great 
deal of Vaucheria, in which 
the Ostracods are generally found. I have been able to keep them for 
weeks in a jar in which I have placed some of the Vaucheria.”’ 
Ty pe-locality.—Madison, Wisconsin. 
Ty pe-specumen.—Cat. No. 39514, U.S.N.M. 





Subgenus CYPRINOTUS Brady, 1886. 


CYPRIS (CYPRINOTUS) DENTATA, new species. 


Dimensions.—Length, 1.3 to 1.4 mm.; height, 0.5 to 0.65 mm.; 
breadth, 0.5 to 0.58 mm. 

Characters.—Preserved specimens show no especial shell markings, 
and are yellowish, transparent, and smooth. 

Seen from the side (fig. 2a) the shell margins are nearly parallel, 
the posterior extremity being more acutely pointed than the anterior. 
Right valve (fig. 2c), somewhat smaller than the left, its entire mar- 


No. 1750. ON SOME OSTRACODA, MOSTLY NEW—SHARDPE. 837 


gin, except a small portion at the middle, being armed with a row 
of about sixty tuberculiform teeth, which are more prominently 
shown postero-ventrally; left valve with smooth margins (fig. 24); 
ventral margin slightly flanged at the middle, and with a much nar- 





d 





Fic. 2.—Cypris (CYPRINOTUS) DENTATA. @, LEFT SHELL OF FEMALE, X60; 0, LEFT 
SHELL OF MALE, 60; C, RIGHT SHELL OF MALE, X60; d, DORSAL VIEW OF MALE, X 60. 


rower growing line than the right; viewed dorsally (fig. 2d) the 
left valve overlaps the right both anteriorly and posteriorly— 
abruptly narrowed anteriorly but yet rather blunt at the extreme 
tip; spines of the first maxillary process strong, blunt, and toothed; 
natatory sete of the second antennex simple, the longer reaching 
well beyond tips of the terminal claws; 
terminal claw of the second leg (fig. 36) 
slender, decidedly curved, slightly longer 
than the width of terminal segment, and 
faintly toothed; maxillary palps of the 
male stout and decidedly hooked, as in 
figures 3 c, d; ductus in sac, and of 
about twenty-six whorls of spines; 
penis (fig. 3e) triangular, and with a 
boot-shaped branch; furea (fig. 3a) 
about sixteen times as long as wide, 
slightly curved, and about twice as long 
as the terminal claw; both claws nearly 
smooth, slightly curved, the shorter 
fyo-tuirds the Jeneth of the longer, 719 $—C*PEs(Creninopus) penne 
and situated about the width of the ee ean ae 
Tamus from it: terminal seta slender,  ™A*™UA®Y PALP oF Matz, X100; ¢, 
about four-fifths length of dorsal one, —e 
which is situated about width of ramus from subterminal claw, and 
is one-half its length. . 

Remarks.—The specimens were collected by Prof. A. S. Pearse, of 
the University of Michigan, in a small pond near Stamford, Nebraska, 

Proc.N.M.vol.38—10——22 






338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 


on August 2, 1902, and later kindly sent to the writer for study and 
identification. 

Ty pe-locality.—F resh-water pools near Stamford, Nebraska. 

Ty pe-specimen.—Cat. No. 39513, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CYPRIA Zenker, 1854. 
CYPRIA OBESA Sharpe. 


Cypria obesa Suarre, Bull. Til. State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, art. 15, 1897, 
p. 462, pl. 48, figs. 1-5. 





Dimensions.—Average length 0.58 mm.; average height 0.3 mm. 
Fresh-water representatives of this species slightly larger. 

Remarks.—The color of brackish water forms varies from a light 
transparent brown to a reddish brown. The reddish tint may be due 
to the fact that they are closely associated with, and feed upon, a red- 

dish alga common 

in the localities in 

which this smaller 

P reddish variety is 

found. Penis as in 

fig. 4d. In all other 

respects, excepting 

size and color this 

form agrees per- 

feetly with C. obesa. 

I am therefore des- 

ignating it by this 

name, rather than 

Fic. 4.—CYPRIA OBESA. @, RIGHT SHELL FROM WITHIN, X70; }, adding a varietal 

ee ee OF MALE; c, SECOND FooT, 210; d, PENIS, name, as it is well 

known that most 

Entomostraca vary in accordance with the seasons and differences 
in character of habitat. 

Remarks.—This is the only Ostracod of the brackish ponds in the 
vicinity of Woods Hole, Massachusetts, which is also found in fresh 
water. It occurs abundantly, and is associated with the reddish 
algxe of such ponds during July and August. 

Brady © speaks of other members of this genus as being found in 
the brackish waters of the British coasts. He also mentions Cyclo- 
cypris (Cypria) levis as common ‘in fresh and brackish waters.” 
As (. levis is to be found in all sorts of stagnant and foul waters, 
it is not surprising that it should be found in waters that are quite 
brackish. 








aBrady and Norman, Monogr. of marine and fresh-water Ostracoda, Sci. Trans. 
Roy. Dublin Soc., vol. 4, 1889. p. 69. 


No. 1750. ON SOME OSTRACODA, MOSTLY NEW—SHARPE. 339 








Occurrence.—Found abundantly in all the brackish ponds in the 
vicinity of Woods Hole, and at Naushon Island, Massachusetts, 
during July and August. 

Mstribution.—Small sandy lakes, Havana, Illinois, May to August, 
(Sharpe). Ponds at Jackson Park, Chicago, May. 


Genus CHLAMYDOTHECA Saussure, 1888. 


CHLAMYDOTHECA BARBADEWNSIS, new species. 





Dimensions.—Male, length 3.4 mm., height 1.6 mm.; female, 
length 3.8 mm., height 1.8 mm. 





Fic. 5.—CHLAMYDOTHECA BARBADENSIS. @, RAKE-LIKE ORGANS OF MOUTH, 
140; 6, LEFT SHELL OF MALE, X20; c, RIGHT SHELL OF FEMALE, X20; d, 
SPINES OF FIRST MAXILLARY PROCESS, X 120; €, FIRST LEG, X70; f, TERMINAL 
SEGMENT OF SECONDLEG, X70; g,h, MAXILLARY PALPS OF MALE, X80; i, PENIS, 
60; 7, FURCA, X60. 


Characters.—Viewed laterally (fig. 5b) the shell of the male is about 
three-fifths as high as long. The greatest height is in the anterior 
third, just back of the eye spot, from which the dorsal margin 
slopes rapidly posteriorly; ventral margin nearly straight; shells of 
alcoholic specimens with no especial indications of color markings, 
and quite pellucid, showing the internal organs quite plainly; 
shells of both male and female showing the anterior flanges so 
characteristic of the genus; shell of the female (fig. 5c) not quite so 


340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 
arched dorsally, and somewhat larger, otherwise much as the male; 
natatory sete of the second antennze plumose, reaching almost to 
tips of terminal claws; the three spines of the first maxillary process 
(fiz. 5d) strong, the middle one toothed; the two sete on the second 
segment of the first leg almost equal in length (fig. 5e); terminal 
claw strong, about three-fourths as long as the last four segments 
taken together and coarsely toothed on its distal half; second foot 
terminating in the usual beak-shaped segment (fig. 5f): palps of the 
second maxille of the male as in fig. 5g, 4; penis as in fig. 57; furca 
(fig. 5j) about twenty-two times as long as wide, decidedly bent at 
about the middle, plainly toothed its distal dorsal half, more faintly 
the rest of the way, the spines of the distal half showing a tendency 
to be arranged comb-like, as shown in the figure; terminal claw 
nearly straight, about one-half the length of the furca, and toothed 
in its distal half; subterminal claw less than one-half the length of 
the terminal claw, and plainly toothed its distal half; terminal seta 
about same length as the dorsal seta, which is about six-elevenths 
the length of the subterminal claw. 

This new species is described from two specimens, two males and 
two females, ‘‘taken from a small pond on Government Hill, Bar- 
bados, May 1; they are common in pools of water, more or less 
permanent, and reappear in ponds that have been dry for weeks at 
a time, as soon as the rain fills them up again.’’ Sent to the U.S. 
National Museum by the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the 
West Indies (H. A. Ballou, collector, May 1, 1909). 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 40524, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—Since males were found in this collection, a circumstance 
not heretofore recorded to my knowledge, the generic description is 
hereby revised in that particular. 

But few species of this genus have ever been described. The follow- 
ing are all that are known to the author in addition to the above: 

C’. azteka Saussure, Texas. 

C. (Cypris) brazilhensis (Dana), Brazil. 

C. (Cypris) herricki (Turner), Ohio. 

C. (Pachycypris) incisa (Claus), Argentina. 

C. (Pachycypris) leuckarti (Claus), Argentina and Venezuela. 
.. mexicana Sharpe, Mexico. 

C. (Herpetocypris) obliqua (Daday), Patagonia. 

C. (Cypris) speciosa (Dana), Rio de Janeiro. (Collected by Charles 
Darwin. ) 

(. subglobosa (Sowerby), Ceylon. 

C. symmetrica Vavra, Falkland Islands and Straits of Magellan 
region. 


No. 1750. ON SOME OSTRACODA, MOSTLY NEW—SHARPR. 341 


It is interesting to note that all but one of these species are to be 
found in the Western Continent, and of these the majority are from 
South America. 

C. barbadensis differs from all other species of the genus known to 
the writer in the following particulars: First, none other is known to 
be sexual; second, the quite pellucid shells of alcoholic specimens; 
third, the greater or less tendency of the dorsal spinules of the furea 
toward a comb-like arrangement (fig. 5/7); fourth, it is the largest of 
any reported except C. obliqua, from Patagonia. 





DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF MONKEYS OF 
THE GENERA PITHECUS AND PYGATHRIX COLLECTED 
BY DR. W. L. ABBOTT AND PRESENTED TO THE UNITED 
STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


By D. G. Extior. 


The examples upon which the following species were based were 
procured, with the exception of the type of Pygathrix ultima, by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott from the islands of the Eastern Archipelago. — 


Genus PITHECUS. 
PITHECUS LAPSUS, new species. 
Macaca pheura (not Minter) Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, 1906, p. 606. 


Ty pe-locality.— Island of Banka, east of southern Sumatra. 

Type.—Cat. No. 124863, U.S.N.M. 

Geographical distribution.—Islands of Banka and Billiton. 

General characteristics.—Similar to P. pheura, but much darker; 
rostrum shorter and narrower, premaxille lengthened, protruding. 

Color.—Frontal streak black, conspicuous, broader than in P. 
pheura; top of head, upper parts of body, and outer side of arms and 
thighs covered with hairs, pale drab at base and annulated on apical 
half with black and tawny ochraceous; legs below knees gray, hairs 
tipped with buff; cheeks, underparts and inner side of limbs buffy 
smoke gray; hands similar to outer side of arms; feet yellowish gray; 
tail blackish at base above, grading into gray at tip, beneath smoke 
eray. 

Measurements.—Total length, 955 mm.; tail, 520; (Coll.) foot, 124; 
(skin); skull, total length, 113.8; occipito-nasal length, 94.7; hensel, 
80.2; zygomatic width, 76.2; intertemporal width, 37.5; palatal 
length, 43.7; median length of nasals, 22.7; length of upper molar 
series, 28; length of mandible, 83; length of lower molar series, 36.3. 

The color of this species is very different from P. pheura Miller, is 
much darker generally and not so yellow in tone, while the feet are 
yellowish gray, quite different from the dark feet of its ally. The 
skull also shows important differences, while the geographical distribu- 
tion of the two forms would seem to negative the idea that they were 
the same species. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1751. 
343 


844 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 





PITHECUS AGNATUS, new species. 


Type-locality.—Pulo Tuangku, Banjak Islands. 
Type.—Cat. No. 114409, U.S.N.M. 
Nearest to P. pheura, but paler; hands, 





General characteristics. 
feet, and tail lighter. 

Color.—Black bar on forehead, rather indistinct; top of head, 
hind-neck and upper parts with the hairs gray at base, then banded 
with ochraceous and black and tipped with black, giving a general 
ochraceous hue with a sienna tinge, without any of the tawny shade 
seen in P. pheura; arms and hands gray, hairs tipped with cream 
buff; outer side of thighs like back; legs and feet smoke gray; under- 
parts and inner side of limbs yellowish white; tail above, black at 
roots, hairs tipped with ochraceous, grading into pale smoke gray on 
apical half, beneath pale gray; a band of russet crosses beneath 
the chin. 

Measurements.—Total length, 953 mm., tail, 530; skull, total length, 
107; occipito-nasal length, 88.4; hensel, 75.9; intertemporal width, 
39.3; zygomatic width, 74.1; palatal length, 45.6; median length of 
nasals, 28.1; length of upper molar series, 28.5; length of mandible, 
78.2; length of lower molar series, 35.3. 

This macaque is allied to P. phzura, but differs in its general paler 
coloration, and lighter hands, feet, and tail. Four examples were 
obtained by Doctor Abbott at Tuangku Island. 





PITHECUS LINGUNGENSIS, new species. 


Type-locality—Pulo Lingung, Natuna Islands. 

Type.—Cat. No. 104853, U.S.N.M. 

General characteristics —Tooth row long; general color of fur red- 
dish. 

Color.—Top of head and upper parts rich tawny and black, base 
of hairs grayish; outer side of limbs, hands and feet gray; hairs 
banded and tipped with cream buff; underparts and inner side of 
limbs yellowish white; tail above at root like back, remainder brown- 
ish black, hairs barred with cream buiT, beneath smoke gray. 

Measurements.—Total length, 847 mm.; tail, 574; skull, total 
length, 108.8; occipito-nasal length, 91.8; hensel, 75; intertem- 
poral width, 87.9; palatal length, 45.8; median length of nasals, 27; 
length of upper molar series, 30.4; length of mandible, 78.5; length 
of lower molar series, 37.7. 

The general appearance of this macaque is totally unlike P. sirhas- 
senensis on the south, and while the skulls of the two forms have a 
general resemblance to each other, the present species has a narrower 
brain case, longer tooth rows, and smaller incisors, these last being 
intermediate between the species just named and P. lautensis. One 
specimen only was obtained by Doctor Abbott. 


nO. 1751. SOME NEW SPECIES OF MONKEYS—ELLIOT. 345 


PITHECUS LAUTENSIS, new species. 


Ty pe-locality.—Pulo Laut, Natuna Islands. 

Type.—No. 104854, U.S.N.M. 

(reneral characteristics —Resembling P. lingungensis, but not so 
red; skull entirely different. 

Color.—Top of head and upper parts tawny ochraceous and brown- 
ish black; arms and hands bluish gray, hairs tipped with cream buff; 
outer side of thighs similar to back; legs olive gray; feet darker, 
being brownish gray; underparts and inner side of limbs silvery grav; 
tail above blackish brown, becoming gradually paler toward tip, 
beneath whitish gray. 

Measurements.—-Yotal length, 1,018 mm.; tail, 548; skull, total 
length, 112.2; occipito-nasal length, 95.3; hensel, 80.7; intertem- 
poral width, 39.8; zygomatic width, 82.7; palatal length, 45.7; 


, 


breadth of brain case, 54.5; median length of nasals, 27.1; leneth of 
upper molar series, 27.1; length of mandible, 84.1; length of lower 
molar series, 36.1. 

This macaque is very similar in color on body and head to P. 
lingungensis, but is very different in the color of the limbs, arms 
particularly. The main differences are to be found in the skull. 
This has a very broad facial region and space across orbits very wide; 
orbital ridge very heavy; the brain case is larger in every way, and 
the roots of the zygomata broader and heavier; palate is wider; 
basi-occipital and basi-sphenoid broader and longer and the zygo- 
matic arch more widely spread. The outer edge of the occipital 
region in P. lingungensis is rounded, but in the present species it is 
pyramidal without the point. Incisors are smaller. Altogether the 
two skulls are as different as they well can be of species belonging to 
the same genus. One example only procured. 


PITHECUS SIRHASSENENSIS, new species. 





Type-locality.—Sirhassen Island, Natuna Group. 

Type.—Cat. No. 104852, U.S.N.M. 

(reneral characteristics.—General hue very dark, limbs and feet 
paler; skull in general characters nearest to P. lingungensis, but tooth 
rows much shorter. 

Color.—Top cf head, upper parts of body, and outer side of thighs 
blackish brown and ochraceous, the hairs gray at base, then banded 
with ochraceous and black and tipped with black; limbs, hands, 
and feet pale gray, hairs banded with cream bull; underparts and 
inner side of limbs grayish white; tail above at base, blackish, hairs 
ringed with ochraceous grading into smoke gray for remaining part; - 
beneath smoke gray. 

Measurements.—Total length 1,110 mm.; tail, 600; skuli, total 
length, 113.3; breadth of brain case, 54; intertemporal width, 40.5; 


346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





palatal length, 47; median length of nasals, 27; length of upper molar 
series, 27.6; length of mandible, 77.7; length of lower molar 
series, 35.5. 

This species is very dark in color, differing greatly from the other 
macaques of this group of islands. The skull agrees more nearly with 
that of P. lingungensis, but the tooth row is much shorter, the palate 
wider, and the brain case broader. 


PITHECUS VITUS, new species. 


Type-locality.—Domel Island, Mergui Archipelago. 

Ty pe.—Cat. No. 124176, U.S.N.M. 

Geographic distribution —Domel, St. Matthew, and Sullivan 
islands, Mergui Archipelago. 

General characteristics.—Hair long, loose, hands and feet yellowish 
oray. 

Color.—Top of head and upper parts wood brown, darkest over 
dorsal line and lighter on sides, the hairs being gray at base, and 
banded with black and yellow over apical half; arms and hands 
similar to back; thighs like back, legs pale yellowish brown; feet 


slightly darker; underparts and inner side of limbs yellowish gray; 


tail above blackish brown, at root like back, beneath yellowish 
brown. 

Measurements.—Total length, 935 mm.; tail, 495; skull, total 
length, 116.6; occipito-nasal length, 99.7; hensel, 80.4; zygomatic 
width, 76.6; intertemporal width, 43.7; palatal length, 44.6; median 
length of nasals, 28.4; length of upper molar series, 34; length of 
mandible, 86; length of lower molar series, 39.5. 

This is a gray hand and foot macaque quite different from the Javan 
eray-handed species P. mordax and P. resimus, as is to be expected. 
Specimens were obtained by Doctor Abbott, beside the type-locality, 
on St. Matthew and Sullivan islands of the same archipelago. One 
was a very old male in faded pelage, and another a female closely 
resembling the male described above. 

PITHECUS CARIMAT2:, new species. 


Ty pe-locality.— Telok Pai, Karimata Islands. 

Type.—Cat. No. 125101, U.S.N.M. 

General characteristics. —Similar to P. mandibularis from Sungei 
Sama, near Pontianak, Borneo, but grayer and without the tawny 
hues of that species. Skull with the tooth rows straight, not curved; 
teeth larger and tooth rows longer; palate deeper, longer, and wider; 
incisors narrower in both jaws; orbits smaller; narial opening 
much larger; intertemporal breadth less; brain case shorter and nar- 
rower; mandible stouter, horizontal portions deeper. 

Color.—Space around eyes bare, flesh color; superciliary stripe 
gray; above which is a narrow black bar across forehead; top of 





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NO. 1751. SOME NEW SPECIES OF MONKEYS—ELLIOT. 347 


head, neck, upper parts and outer side of thighs mottled blackish- 
brown and buff, with a grayish wash, the hairs being gray at base, 
which shows through, then annulated with buff and black, and 
black-tipped; flanks gray; outer side of arms and hands dark eray- 
ish, hairs ringed with whitish; legs uniformly gray; feet eray with 
brownish tinge; tail above black, tip smoke gray, beneath soiled white. 

Measurements.—Total length, 1,115 mm.; tail, 655: foot, 144: 
skull, total length, 114; occipito-nasal length, 95.8; intertemporal 
width, 39.9; zygomatic width, 77.5; palatal length, 48.3; median 
length of nasals, 28.1; length of upper molar series, 30.1; length of 
mandible, 85.6; length of lower molar series, 37.2. This is a large 
macaque with a very long tail and of a generally grayish-brown color. 
It does not closely resemble any known species. 

PITHECUS MANDIBULARIS, new species. 


Ty pe-locality.—_Sungei Sama, near Pontianak, Borneo. 

Type.—Cat. No. 142225, U.S.N.M. 

General characteristics. —Similar in coloration to P. fascicularis, but 
paler, less red, and the ascending ramus of mandible narrower, 
higher, and with a backward inclination. 

Color—Upper parts ochraceous buff; the hairs being gray at base 
and then banded with black and ochraceous buff, the latter color 
dominating; top of head more tawny; whorl on cheeks and below 
ears gray; outer side of arms and hands gray, speckled with yellow; 
outer side of thighs like back; legs below knees and feet smoke gray, 
unspeckled; underparts and inner side of limbs whitish; tail above 
blackish, paler toward tip, beneath buffy gray. 

Measurements.—Total length, 1,015 mm.; tail, 570; foot, 140; 
skull, total length, 112; occipito-nasal length, 95.9; zygomatic width, 
77; intertemporal width, 41.7; palatal length, 45; median length of 
nasals, 26.9; length of upper molar series, 28; lengths of mandible, 
80.9; length of lower molar series, 34.8° width of ascending ramus at 
middle, 22.3; at top, 23.3; extreme perpendicular height, 38.1. 

The great difference in the shape of the ascending ramus persists 
in all the skulls, and when compared with that of P. fascieularis 
renders its narrowness and height conspicuous. The size of the 
ascending ramus of P. carimate is about halfway between those of 
the Bornean and Sumatran macaques, and in the color of its pelage 
it is quite unlike both. 


PITHECUS BAWEANUS, new species. 
Type-locality.— Bawean Island, Java Sea. 
Type.—Cat. No. 151829, U.S.N.M. 
General characteristics.—Larger than P. cupidus, the next species, 
from Mata Siri Island, and tail dark hair brown with an olive tinge. 
General hue more yellowish. 


248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Color.—Nude yellowish spot above eyes; face covered with short 
gray hairs; short black bar above eyes; top of head and entire upper 
parts dark buff yellow and black; hair gray at base and then banded 
with buff yellow and black and tipped with black; outer side of arms 
and hands more grayish than upper parts, base of hairs being bluish 
gray and banded with cream buff and tipped with black; outer side 
of thighs like back; legs from knees to ankles, and feet gray, with 
cream-buff annulations less numerous and distinct than on arms; 
whorl on side of head below ears whitish gray with a cream-buff 
edging; throat, underparts and inner side of limbs, yellowish white; 
tail above, blackish brown at base, speckled with buff; remainder 
dark hair brown, beneath olive gray. 

Measurements.—Total length, 1,052 mm.; tail, 580; foot, 141; 
skull, total length, 127; occipito-nasal length, 106.7; hensel, 90; inter- 
temporal width, 41.3; zygomatic width, 88.9; palatal length, 51.9; 
median length of nasals, 22.3; length of upper molar series, 34.9; 
length of mandible, 89.1; length of lower molar series, 36.9. 

This species differs from its nearest ally P. cupidus, by having the 
bands on hairs much paler, and a more olive tail. The skulls, how- 
ever, are entirely dissimilar, that of the present species being much 
larger. The rostrum is broader and heavier, nasals wider, orbital 
ridges heavier and more elevated in center; low crest higher and 
shorter, the two lateral ridges not uniting until they reach the pos- 
terior portion of the frontal; occipital region has a more acute angle; 
bullz more inflated; palate wider; tooth rows curved posteriorly, 
the last molar set inwards on both sides; incisors projecting at a 
more acute angle; zygomatic arch curved and with considerable 
spread. The skulls of these two macaques possess unusually nu- 
merous points of difference not often seen in allied species. 





PITHECUS CUPIDUS, new species. 
' \ 


Type-locality.—Pulo Mata Siri, Java Sea, 44 miles from Pulo Laut. 

Type.—Gat. No. 151831, U.S.N.M. 

(reneral characteristics.—Size moderate; hands and feet yellowish; 
tail longer than head and body; hair radiating fan-like from ears. 

Color.—Space above eyes nude, flesh color, or yellowish; face 
covered with very short grayish-white hairs; cheeks and sides of 
head yellowish gray, hair long and radiating forward from ears, fan 
shape; top of head and entire upper parts, general tone ochraceous 
buff and black, the hairs gray at base and banded with ochraceous 
buff and black and tipped with black; flanks gray and with a yellow 
tinge; arms and hands, legs and feet cream buff and dusky, the hairs 
dusky at base, barred with cream buff and black, and tipped with 
the latter color; throat, chest and entire under parts of body, and 
inner side of limbs whitish; tail above brownish black for three- 


- 


ees 


NO. 1751. SOME NEW SPECIES OF MONKEYS—ELLIOT. 349 
fourths the length grading into grayish brown at the tip; beneath 
brownish olive. 

Measurements.—Total length, 975 mm.; tail, 540; foot, 127; skull, 
total length, 117.3; occipito-nasal length, 97; hensel, 84.2; zygo- 
matic width, 80.7; intertemporal width, 36.5; palatal length, 50.7; 
median length of nasals, 21.2; length of upper molar series 30; length 
of mandible 60.7; length of lower molar series 37.5. 

This species is quite unlike P. mordax from Java, but nearer the 
one from Bawean Island, from which, however, it is easily distin- 
guished by its blackish brown tail. All these Javanese macaques 
appear to have the forward fan-shaped radiation of the hair from the 
ears, a peculiarity belonging, however, to others of the genus, but 
usually with a more circular radiation not so much confined to a 
forward movement. 

The skull is very different from the Bawean Island macaque, 
being much smaller with a narrow rostrum, decreasing in width 
towards incisors; the zygomatic arch has very little expansion and 
is parallel with the skull, being practically straight without curve; 
orbits much higher than wide; a low ridge is present from frontal 
to occiput formed of inner ridge-like edge of orbits uniting on anterior 
part of the frontal, dividing again at interparietal and joining the 
occipital ridge on either side; tooth rows straight, palate narrow; 
upper incisors projecting. 


PITHECUS LING&:, new species. 





Ty pe-locality—Linga Island, Rhio Archipelago. 

Type.—Cat. No. 101603, U.S.N.M. 

General characteristics.—Size medium; hands brownish; feet whitish 
gray; hair long, loose. 

Color.—Broad black band across forehead; top of head, neck, upper 
parts and outer side of thighs, rusty in certain lights, less red in others, 
and paler on the thighs, the hairs being dark brown at base, then 
barred with dark ochraceous and black and tipped with black; outer 
.side of arms and hands dark brown, washed with buff; the hairs 
being dark brown at base, then barred and tipped with buff; legs 
smoky gray with a slight yellow tinge; feet whitish gray, hairs being 
brown with white tips; hair scanty ; under parts and inner side of limbs, 
whitish; tail above like back at root, then black, changing to slate 
gray at tip; beneath smoke-gray. 

Measurements.—Total length, 782 mm.; tail, 560; skull, total 
length, 111.5; occipito-nasal length, 93.9; hensel, 80; intertemporal 
width, 40.4; zygomatic width, 76.5; palatal length, 45.7; median 
length of nasals, 29.3; length of upper molar series, 29.4; length of 
mandible, 84.9; length of lower molar series, 37.7. 


350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





This is a reddish hued macaque with a long, loose coat of hair and 
a long tail, not very much like any of the other species. It varies in 
coloration, for another male taken on the same day, July 23, has none 
of the reddish hue so strongly exhibited by the type, and is more of 
a dark-brown hue, with a yellowish tinge. The limbs and tail are 
also much lighter. The skull is short and broad for its length; palate 
broad and the tooth rows slightly curved; teeth rather large, last 
premolar and molars each with four cusps; teeth of lower molar 
series smaller than those in the upper. 


PITHECUS IMPUDENS, new species. 


Type-locality.—Pulo Sugi, Rhio Archipelago. 

Type.—Cat. No. 115675, U.S.N.M. 

General characteristics.—Size medium, tail very long. Skull with 
rostrum narrow anteriorly; incisors very small; posterior edge of 
last molar not reaching palatal arch; tooth rows curved; nasals com- 
paratively long, broad anteriorly; tail longer than head and body. 

Color.—Space above eyes bare, flesh color, face covered with short 
white hairs; narrow black hairs on forehead; top of head and 
upper parts ochraceous and black, the hairs annulated with these 
colors and gray at base; outer side of thighs similar to back but paler; 
flanks grayish; arms and hands dark brownish gray and buff; legs 
smoke gray; feet similar with a yellowish tinge; under parts and 
inner side of limbs whitish; tail above blackish on basal half, smoke 
eray on remainder, beneath yellowish white. 

Measurements.—Total length, 962 mm.; tail, 522; skull, total 
length, 109.3; occipito-nasal length, 92.6; hensel, 73.4; intertemporal 
width, 38; zygomatic width, 72.6; palatal length, 42.7; median 
length of nasals, 26.7; length of upper molar series, 27.1; length of 
mandible, 77.9; length of lower molar series, 34.1. 





PITHECUS CAPITALIS, new species. 


Ty pe-locality.—Trong, Lower Siam. 

Type.—Cat. No. 83271, U.S.N.M. 

(reographical distribution.—Lower Siam and Telibon Island. 

General characteristics.— Nearest to P. fascicularis with gray hands 
and feet, but without the reddish hue on head and neck. Skull 
much larger and very different in character. 

Color.—Top of head and entire upper parts yellowish brown, the 
hairs gray at base, then banded with dark brown and yellow; limbs, 
hands, and feet grayish brown; inner side of limbs yellowish; tail 
above dark grayish brown, beneath yellowish white. 

Measurements.—Total length, 1,143 mm.; tail, 635; skull, total 
length, 123; occipito-nasal length, 103.7: intertemporal width, 45; 
hensel, 87.7; zygomatic width, 89.8; palatal length, 53.5; median 


no. 1751. SOME NEW SPECIES OF MONKEYS—ELLIOT. 351 


length of nasals, 31; length of upper molar series, 32; length of 
mandible, 97.1; length of lower molar series, 40.1. 

The example described has a very worn coat and hairs thinly 
dispersed on limbs and under parts. While the coloring is dis- 
similar to P. fascicularis, the great difference between that species 
and the Trong macaque is in the size and shape of the skull and 
teeth. The skull of the Sumatran species, although the animal was 
about of the same age, is one-third smaller. The Trong skull has a 
low crest from the midfrontal to the occiput; the rostrum is longer 
and broader; zygomatic width greater; nasals wider; bony palate 
deeper and longer; teeth larger; incisors more than twice as large; 
mandible longer and heavier, the ascending ramus broader and 
longer with a very slight inclination backward. <A single specimen, 
a male, from Telibon Island has a different skull, is much smaller and 
a somewhat different color, and may eventually prove distinct, but 
at present I leave it under the name of the Trong macaque. 


Genus PYGATHRIX. 


PYGATHRIX ULTIMA, new species. 


Type-locality— Mount Dulit, Borneo, 3,000 feet elevation. 

Type.—Cat. No. 83949, U.S.N.M. Collected by E. and C. Hose. 

General characteristics.—Similar in color to P. cristatus, but cranial 
characters very different. The skull compared with that of P. cris- 
tatus, two adult males, is generally larger; rostrum and brain case 
longer and narrower; septum broader, tooth row almost straight; 
teeth larger and tooth rows longer; pterygoidfossa longer and ptery- 
goids not so widely flaring; bullae much less inflated; in fact com- 
pressed and reduced; palate longer and narrower; the lower edge of 
mandibular angle much more rounded, and the lateral pit in the 
ascending ramus shallower and smaller. : 

Color.—Like P. cristatus, but averaging slightly darker. 

Measurements.—Total length, 1,370 mm.; tail, 820 (skin); skull, 
total length, 104.2; occipito-nasal length, 87; hensel, 75.3; zygo- 
matic width, 77; intertemporal width, 42.5; palatal length, 38.9; 
width, 19.4; median length of nasals, 15.1; length of upper molar 
series, 39; length of mandible, 7; length of lower molar series, 
36.5. 








( 


Dy 
PYGATHRIX SANCTORUM, new species. 


Type-locality.—St. Matthew Island, Mergui Archipelago. 

Type.—Cat. No. 104446, U.S.N.M. 

General characteristics.—Similar in color to P. obscura carbo from 
Terutau and Lankawi islands, Straits of Malacca, but cranial characters 
quite different. Teeth large; tooth rows, rostrum and palate longer; 
palatal arch pointed, reaching nearly to posterior edge of second molar; 
pterygoids much larger and widely spaced; pterygoid fossa con- 


352 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





tracted, widening at posterior edge of palate; basi-occipital wider, the 
lateral pits much smaller; zygomatic arch longer and more curved; 
occipital region broader; brain case longer and wider and_ orbits 
higher than wide, not round; mandible and lower tooth row longer. 

Color.—Very like P. 0. carbo, except the nuchal crest is creamy 
white and the tail is pale buffy gray. 

Measurements.—Total length, 703.20 mm.; tail, 508; skull, total 
length, 98.8; occipito-nasal length, 81.7; hensel, 70.5; zygomatic 
width, 73.8; intertemporal width, 40.6; palatal length, 31.2; length 
of upper molar series, 27.3; length of mandible, 67.1; length of lower 
molar series, 34.3. 

The island allies of P. obscura are apparently characterized by hav- 
ing much larger teeth than are seen in typical individuals and by the 
many cranial distinctions mentioned above. 


PYGATHRIX FLAVICAUDA, new species. 


Ty pe-locality.—Trong, Lower Siam. 

Type.—Cat. No. 83259, U.S.N.M. 

General characteristics.—Belonging to P. obscura group, but legs 
from hips pale smoke gray and tail cream color. 

Geographical distribution.—Lower Siam and southern Tenasserim; 
Kisseraing and Sir William James islands, Mergui Archipelago. 

Color.—Face bare, upper lip and space over eye flesh color, darker 
about nose and beneath eyes. Hairs on forehead long upright and 
extending to ears brownish black; hairs on lips and lower cheeks 
long and extending backward beyond ears blackish; top of head and 
nape yellowish white; dorsal line mummy brown, paler than back; 
rest of upper parts and flanks black tinged with brown; outer side 
of arms very dark hair brown with a reddish tinge on shoulders 
and grading into black on wrists and hands; throat sparsely covered 
with dark brown hairs; under parts grayish brown; outer side of legs 
smoke gray with a brownish tinge from knee to ankle; feet blackish; 
tail uniform cream color. 

Measurements.—Total length, 1,257 mm.; tail, 724; skull, total 
length, 94.7; occipito-nasal length, 77; hensel, 66.5; zygomatic 
width, 70; intertemporal width, 40.7; palatal length, 32.7; median 
length of nasals, 93; length of upper molar series, 24.4; length of 
mandible, 68.6; length of lower molar series, 30. 

This very distinct species can at once be recognized by its cream 
color tail and pale legs. The examples from the islands, consist- 
ing of only a male and female, differ slightly in certain particulars. 
The legs are even paler than those of the type, hands and feet jet 
black, strongly contrasted with the arms and legs, and the skulls have 
a flatter brain case and broader rostrum. The material is hardly 
sufficient to enable a definite decision to be reached, and I leave these 
island examples under the name of the present species. 


NOTE ON THE GOLD-EYE, AMPHIODON ALOSOIDES RA. 
FINESQUE, OR ELATTONISTIUS CHRYSOPSIS (RICH- 
ARDSON). 


By Davin Srarr Jorpan and WitiiAmM Francis THompson, 
Of Stanford University, California. 


In the basin of Lake Winnipeg the fish known as the gold-eye has 
considerable value as an article of food. Smoked, it is fairly to be 
called delicious, and as a pan-fish, although beset by small bones, its 
flesh is excellent, scarcely inferior to that of the whitefish. It is 
flaky, rather firm, and of good quality. According to Richardson, the 
‘flesh is white, resembling that of the perch in flavor, but excelling 
it in richness.” The fish is bright silvery in life, the eyes being, as 
stated by Richardson, of a bright ‘‘honey yellow,’ suggesting the 
name of gold-eye, universally given to the species by the fishermen 
and fish dealers of Manitoba. 

The species was found by the International Fisheries Commission 
to be abundant in Lake of the Woods, in the Red River of the North, 
and in ake Winnipeg. It is also said to abound in the lower Sas- 
katchewan and Assiniboine, as well as in Lake Manitoba and other 
lakes tributary to Lake Winnipeg. The moon-eye, [Hiodon tergisus, 
which is nowhere valued as food, is not found in the Winnipeg basin. 

Sir John Richardson gave the gold-eye the name of /Tiodon chry- 
sopsis,® his specimens being from Cumberland House on the lower 
Saskatchewan, near Lake Winnipeg. 

Besides our specimens from the Winnipeg region, we have also ex- 
amples from the White River at Gosport, Indiana, and from South 
Loup River, Nebraska. In all these, the eye is still yellow, although 
the specimens have been over twenty years in spirits. 

The illustration (fig. 1) representing a female specimen from Red 
River of the North, at Winnipeg, is drawn by William S. Atkinson. 

As to the proper specific name for the gold-eye, and the genus of 
which it is the type, we are still somewhat in doubt. 

Rafinesque describes from the Falls of the Ohio a species he calls 
Amphiodon alosoides (misprinted alveoides), later called, by the same 
writer, Hyodon amphiodon. This fish has much in common with the 
gold-eye, and may be the same fish as supposed by Jordan and Ever- 





a Fauna Bor. Amer., 1836, p. 232. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 38—No. 1752. 
Proc. N.M.vol.38—10 23 3 


a | 
os 





854 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


mann. The gold-eye certainly occurs in the Ohio basin. It is, how- 
ever, possible that the Amphiodon alosoides, with other nominal species 
of Rafinesque, is the common moon-eye, Hiodon tergisus. 

The original account of Rafinesque (Journal de Physique, vol. 88, 
page 421, 1819, now almost inaccessible) is as follows, as transcribed 
for us by Mr. Henry W. Fowler: 

Ce poisson se nomme Yellow Herring (Hareng jaune) dans l’Ohio. Cette riviére a 
en outre plusiers nouvelles espéces de vraies Clupées & dents, ainsi que des Glossodons 
(ou Hyodon Les.) des Thrisses sans dents, on Clupanodons, etc. 

15. Amphiodon. (Abdominal) Différent du genre Glossodon (Hyodon, Lesueur) par 
michoires dentées, ainsi que la langue. Caréne ventrale obtuse, peu visible, sans 
plaques. Nageoires dorsales au-dessus de l’anus. Ce genre a en outre les thoraciques 
appendiculées comme les Clupées et les Thrisses, mais a 7 rayons seulement au lieu de 
9, comme les Glossodons. 

A. alveoides. Corps oblong argenté, téte dorée, machoire inférieure plus longue, 
ligne latérale & peine courbée en bas, queue fourchue. D. 10, A. 34, P. 16, C. 24. 
Grande espéce nommée vulgairement Shad (Alose) sur l’Ohio. 

In the Ichthyologia Ohiensis, 1820, page 42, the subgenus Amphio- 
don, based on the Hyodon alosoides, which he now calls Hyodon 
amphiodon, is thus characterized: “ Body lanceolate, lower jaw longer, 
dorsal beginning opposite base of the anal fin. The name means 
toothed all over.”’ 

This Hyodon amphiodon is said to have the diameter one-fourth 
the total length; jaws with large conical teeth, similar to those on the 
tongue; eyes round and black; iris silvery gilt; dorsal rays 10; anal 34. 

In the second subgenus, Glossodon, based on ‘‘Hyodon vernalis”’ 
(= Hiodon tergisus), the following characters are given: “‘ Body lanceo- 
late; jaws equal, with small teeth, dorsal fin opposite the vent, nearly 
medial, beginning behind the abdominal fins. The name means 
toothed tongue.”’ 

In this species, the dorsal rays are 13, the anal 28; the falcation of 
the fin indicates the male. 

In the third subgenus, Clodalus (Hyodon clodalus); we have the 
“body oblong, irregular or somewhat rhomboidal. Jaws nearly . 
equal, the lower one somewhat longer and with small teeth. Dorsal 
fin beginning before the base of the anal fin.” In H. clodalus (= Hio- 
don tergisus LeSueur) the dorsal rays are 15, the anal 30. 

In support of the theory that the Amphiodon alosoides was the 
moon-eye and not the gold-eye, we have these phrases: ‘‘Caréne ven- 
trale obtuse, peu visible.’ ‘‘ Nageoires dorsales au-dessus de |’anus.”’ 

On the other hand, in favor of the identity of Amphiodon alosoides 
with the gold-eye, we have the backward position of the dorsal 
(although it is still farther back in the gold-eye), the presence of 
ventral carina, however little visible in comparison with the river 
herring, and especially the numbers of fin rays, D. 10, A. 34, indicating 
a very long anal and a short dorsal, both characteristics of the gold- 
eye. On the whole we have little doubt that Rafinesque had the 





No. 1752. NOT'E ON THE GOLD-EYE—JORDAN AND THOMPSON. 355 


gold-eye in mind, as Amphiodon alosoides, and also in his IHyodon 
heterurus. If this view be not accepted, these two nominal species 
will be placed in the synonymy of the moon-eye, /iodon tergisus. 
The name chrysopsis must then stand for the gold-eye and the 
species will be Elattonistius chrysopsis. 

We regard the gold-eye as certainly generically distinct from the 
moon-eye, adopting for the former Rafinesque’s name Amphiodon.¢ 
Gill and Jordan have defined lattonistius as a subgenus by the 
carination of the entire abdomen and by the shortness of the dorsal 
fin. Equally important is the distinction perhaps indicated by 
Rafinesque of the backward insertion of the dorsal, which in the 
gold-eye is considerably behind the front of the long anal, about 
over the ninth ray. In the moon-eye the anal is shorter and the 
dorsal is inserted in front of it, its middle directly over the vent. 

Description of the gold-eye—Two specimens from the Red River 
of the North at Winnipeg, Manitoba, 235 and 265 mm. in length; 
























‘Y a I 





STLY YY \ RRARINAYSYY 
RY Y WY 4 ; WAY hse 
OSS TES. Spats 


Fic. 1.—AMPHIODON ALOSOIDES. 


one from Warroad, Lake of the Woods, 310 mm.; one from Gosport, 
Indiana, 172 mm., and two from South Loup River, Nebraska, 97 
and 126 mm. long. 

Head 4 to 33 in body length to base of caudal, smallest in adults; 
depth 34 to 34 in body length; eye 3f to 34 in head, larger in young; 
snout 5; interorbital space equal to eye diameter; maxillary measured 
from tip of snout, two in head; D. 9 or 10 (fully developed rays); A. 29 
to 35; scales 6—58 to 60-12 (18 in transverse series from insertion of 
dorsal to insertion of anal); 8 between ventrals and lateral line; B. 9. 

Body greatly compressed, its width 34 in depth, greatest width 
above lateral line, thinning to ventral outline, which is strongly car- 
inated from isthmus to anal fin; depth intermediate between that of 
Hiodon tergisus and H. selenops; ventral and dorsal outlines parallel 
and straight in center of body for nearly half length; axis of body 
between snout and caudal peduncle high, leaving three-fifths of depth 
below; dorsal outline hence tapering less to head and tail than ven- 


a Journal de Physique, 1819, p. 421=E£lattonistius, Gill and Jordan, Bull. 10, U.S. 
Nat. Mus., 1877, p. 68. 


356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 38, 





tral, especially posteriorly; caudal peduncle moderately broad, 
strongly compressed, and rather short, barely tapering, if at all, 
viewed laterally; head rather short, especially from snout to occiput, 
compressed, conical, varying in concavity of dorsal outline in sex, 
and straight from corner of mouth to below pectorals; its longitu- 
dinal axis tilted decidedly upward to about 30 degrees from body 
axis, owing to low position of opercular plates; snout strongly gib- 
bous from above nostrils to tip, mouth oblique; lower jaw equal to 
upper, included laterally; maxillary extending to below a point mid- 
way between pupil and posterior margin of eye; eye large, very close 
to angle of mouth, the suborbital bones very narrow. 

Dentition very complete; vomer toothless, small; parasphenoids 
extending far forward, with strong canines, a large series on each 
side, one or two smaller series between, usually two posteriorly, 
these strongest in the male; palatines with one large series each of 
canines; ecto- and entopterygoids with bands of villiform teeth; 





Fia@. 2.—H10pON TERGISUS. 


glossohyal toothed similarly to parasphenoid, but with a central 
band of villiform teeth, the area broader; premaxillaries with a 
single series of small teeth, set widely, visible when jaws are closed; 
maxillaries with a minute series larger anteriorly; dentaries with 
inner and outer small series, and between a band of minute teeth. 
Teeth of dentaries closing against those of palatines. 

Lateral line straight, nearer dorsum; scales fairly large, larger than 
subopercle, thin, with transparent, flexible margin, two series inclos- 
ing the base of anal fin. Adipose formation over preorbitals and 
from dorsal edge of eye to upper attachment of opercle; ventral scale 
present, half of ventral length. 

Dorsal fin inserted somewhat behind insertion of anal, about over 
the ninth ray, contrasting with that of Hiodon tergisus and JH. 
selenops, in which the insertion is well in advance of the vent; the 
fin low, its height 1% in head, its base short, two-thirds its height, 
slightly concave; caudal deeply forked, its lower lobe longer; pec- 
torals long, reaching six-sevenths of distance to ventrals; latter 


no. 1752. NOTE ON THRE GOLD-RYR—JORDAN AND THOMPSON. 357 


small, equal to dorsal height; anal longer than in allied species, its base 

nearly equal to body depth; falciform, its border notched (in males) 
or concave, rays anteriorly greatly heightened, in males especially, 
to about aa thirds head; posterior rays very short in both sexes; 
base of anal greatly compressed and slightly concave in outline. 

Color, in spirits, lustrous silvery, bluish above, colorless below, fins 
with dark margins, save for ventrals, which are clear. 

Tris bright golden yellow; sides of head with golden luster. 

The sexual differences are somewhat marked, and some differences 
are observable in dentition. These may be due to age. The speci- 
mens from Wi innipeg, Red River of the North, are of moderate size, 
235 and 265 mm. in length, to the base of the caudal, one female, 
the other male. The parasphenoids in both have a single median 
series of strong canines similar to the lateral series anteriorly, doub- 
ling posteriorly; the teeth on the palatines are large and strong; the 
concavity of the dorsal outline of the head is not very marked 
either, and the snout is rounded. The anal fin is strongly notched 
in the male, but not in the female. In the specimen from Warroad, 
Lake of the Woods, an adult male of large size, 310 mm. in length 
to the base of the caudal, the space between the nostrils and occiput 
is strongly convex, the head appearing to be much more strongly 
turned upward, and the snout is almost, if not quite, truncate. The 
teeth on the parasphenoids are less strongly developed than in either 
male or female from Winnipeg, two rows of small teeth being present 
anteriorly between the lateral rows, and the palatine teeth are not 
as strong. The anal fin is strongly notched. 

The remainder of the specimens from White River, Indiana, and 
‘South Loup River, Nebraska, are of smaller size and immature, but, 
in so far as can be seen, resemble the Winnipeg specimens. The 
differences of the Warroad specimen may be due to sex and age. 


Measurements of Amphiodon alosoides. 




















War-oad a = Sans oe , 
. a“ <=) | Winnipeg, | Winnipeg, soup soup rosport, 
Locality. Lake of | ned Rive:| Red River.| River, | River, | Indiana’ 
Woods. Nebraska. | Nebraska. 

Specimen number. .........-- 13108 13086 13087 861 859 1238 
Length without caudal (mm. ).| 310 265 235 126 97 172 
CRs ee See 2 eibnt atone cen .220 ook ooo . 24 «20 215 
DEDUNE goes tas. occ odac ee ss. . 30 .30 ol . 28 . 28 . 30 
Caudal peduncle: | : 
WON SGN eee coe, Beas - 105 .10 - 095 210 -09_ .095 
Denti wa eewdsh eke we | . 095 .10 .10 = 10 - 105 11 
EV Coen eee ee occas oe ces - 06 06 065 075 -075 06. 
BTOU GSE ese soe ce ac tee ade | 04 04 047 05 045 045 
Interorbital space............. - 065 - 06 - 065 - 065 | 065 06 
Maxillary, from tip of mouth. old eeu -ll | 125 12 aut 
Dorsal rays (fully developed) . 9 10 9 | 10 10 10 
IATIALTAYS® sams soo sti oc tsa, | 34 32 ae 29 | 32 _ 3l 
DCALES Sete ees Asie cite ces 6-61-12 6-60-12 6-58-12 6-58-12 6-60-11 6-60-12 
Scales, occiput to dorsal......-.. 42 40 39 40 40 dl 
Snout to anus................. 66 64 . 64 .65 | . 65 .63 
Pectoral length............-. 20 . 20 £22 | 225 7 20 
Ventral, length longest ray... . .13 mS .13 ws 212 . 125 
Dorsal, length longest ray... -. 11 11 .13 . 135 . 12 . 125 
Anal, length longest ray. ....-. 14 - 135 14 ld 15 12 
ire. | Immi ature. | Imraature. 


SCR aan Se os. Male. | Female. Male. | Immatt 













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STUDIES OF THE NORTH AMERICAI 


Y GEOMETRID MOTHS 
OF THE GENUS PERO. 


By Joun A. GrossBeck, 
Of the Experiment Station, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 


The genus Pero Herrich-Schaeffer (= Azelina Guenée in part) 
has been a perplexing one to American students, and from the 
beginning of my studies in the Geometride I have been gathering 
material with a view to a revision of the group in so far as it was 
represented on the American continent north of Mexico. At the 
outset three species were recognized, honestarius Walker (the ancetaria 
of our lists with its variety peplaria), giganteus, new species, then 
thought to be the occidentalis of Hulst, and a small western species 
that was generally regarded as identical with honestarius. Behrensa- 
rius Packard was not then autopically known to me. There were 
besides these several puzzling specimens which could not be placed 
with any of these three forms, and it was only as material accumu- 
lated that they were set aside as good species in themselves. 

Finally my own collection of one hundred and fifty odd examples 
was grouped into species to my own satisfaction; slides were made 
and structures examined, and in all cases these bore out the arrange- 
ment as based on superficial characters. Before finally revising the 
genus, however, additional material was sought from all available 
sources. 

Except for one or two odd specimens the original arrangement 
remained until the advent of about three hundred specimens from 
Dr. William Barnes. These specimens from many points in the 
United States and southern Canada showed a greater distribution of 
certain of the species, and the farther away from its metropolis a 
species ranged the more unlike the typical examples it appeared. The 
work was gone over again with the result that two more new species 
were discovered; and, while the distinctness of the other species was 
not at all rendered questionable, it was found that there existed a 
greater range of variation than was at first believed. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1753. 
309 


360 PROCEEDINGS OF .THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 








The final result of these studies shows that there are nine species 
represented in the faunal region above limited, and it is probable that 
one or two more remain to be discovered. Indeed, among the eight 
hundred odd specimens examined in reaching the conclusions here 
set forth are several examples which are doubtfully referred to two 
species. While it is quite probable that they represent geographical 
races of the species with which they have been tentatively associated, 
additional material may prove them to be distinct. 

Five of these nine species, though, except one, originally described 
as distinct, have at one time or other been regarded as mere varieties 
of a single species (honestarvus), and all but a very few of the hun- 
dreds of specimens sent me for study arrived under names synony- 
mous with this. The other four species, here described as new, 
were, when received, also arranged under this name. 

In the preparation of this paper the writer has to thank the follow- 
ing gentlemen for the loan of specimens, without which the paper 
could not have appeared in its present more complete form: Dr. 
William Barnes, of Decatur, Illinois, for his entire collection in this 
group; Dr. Harrison G. Dyar for the material in the United States 
National Museum; Messrs. William Beutenmiiller and Jacob Doll for 
the material in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, 
and the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, respectively; and 
Messrs. George H. Field and W. 8. Wright, of San Diego, California; 
R. F. Pearsall, of Brooklyn, New York; William H. Broadwell, of 
Newark, New Jersey, and Otto Buchholz, of Elizabeth, New Jersey. 
To all these gentlemen the writer expresses his thanks. Further 
acknowledgment should be made to Prof. John B. Smith for the use 
of the material in the Hulst collection. I am also indebted to Mr. 
L. B. Prout, of London, England, for helpful suggestions in regard 
to the older generic and specific names, and for comparison of speci- 
mens with the Walker types in the British Museum. 


Genus PERO Herrich-Schaeffer. 


1850-58. Pero, HerRicH-ScHAEFFER, Samml. Auss. Schmett., p. 28. 
1857. Azelina (part) GUENEE, Spec. Gén., vol. 9, p. 156. 

1860. Azelina WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 20, p. 185. 

1876. Azelina Packarp, Monogr. Geom., p. 520, pl. 6, fig. 12. 

1881. Azelina Burter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 8, p. 33. 
1883. Azelina Meyrick, Trans. and Proc. New Zeal. Inst., vol. 16, p. 106. 
1896. Marmarea Huxst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 379. 

1896. Azelina Hust, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 380. 

1900. Azelina Druce, Biol. Centr._Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, p. 60. 
1902. Marmarea Hutst, Bull. 52, U as. Nat. Mus., p.- 344. 

1904. Marmarea Dyar, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 9183=Azelina. 
1905. Azelina WARREN, Noy. Zool., vol. 12, p. 367=Pero. 


a 
| 


No. 1758. NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRID MOTHS—GROSSBECK. 361 








Front square, heavily haired but smooth; palpi stout, subascend- 
ing, projecting beyond front, as a whole slightly longer than the width 
of the space between the eyes; tongue well developed; antenne 
filiform or dentate, flattened, finely ciliate below. Thorax robust, 
heavily haired above and below, with distinct central crest dorsally. 
Abdomen rather stout, smooth, in male ending in broad tuft. Tibial 
epiphysis of anterior legs originating at middle of tibia and extending 
to or just beyond apex. Posterior tibia not swollen, with two pairs 
of spurs, without hair pencil. Fore wings broad, faleate; costa 
straight or slightly produced on basal third and turning abruptly 
near apex; outer margin excised between the veins from apex to Cu,. 
Veins R, and R, from cell; R,, R,, and R,; stemmed and forming with 
R, an accessory cell; M, from cell. Hind wings with outer margin 
excised between all veins, especially from M, to Cu,. Se anastomo- 
sing with R on second sixth; M, absent. 

Marmarea Hulst was made a distinct genus on the character of 
the dentate antennxe of the male of occidentalis. Dyar mistaking 
giganteus, a species with filiform antenne, for occidentalis made the 
genus a synonym of Azelina. In truth, occidentalis has dentate 
antenne in common with colorado, but this, in my opinion, can 
hardly be considered of generic value, especially in view of the fact 
that occidentalis in habitus and genitalic structure has strong affinities 
with modestus, a species with filiform antenne, while colorado has 
affinities in these same peculiarities with morrisonatus, also a form 
with filiform antenne. In other words, aside from antennal struc- 
ture they differ more from each other than they do from species with 
simple antenne. For these reasons I have here regarded the genus 
as identical with Pero. 

The genus Pero comprises a well-defined and distinctive group of 
insects, and has for its ally the genus Azelina Guenée (=Stenaspilates 
Packard), as it is now limited by Warren, from which it is distin- 
guished chiefly by the simple or dentate antennx in the male. The 
coloring in the genus varies from light gray and light ocherous, 
through all shades of these to dark umber brown. The primaries 
are typically divided into three transverse regions, though the partial 
obsolescence of the inner line frequently gives the appearance of but 
a single division; or this line may be obscured by shadings of a similar 
color producing the same effect. The inner or intradiscal line origi- 
nates on the costa about one-third out from the base, extends ob- 
liquely outward to the center of the cell, turns inward to the cubital 
vein, and is thence twice outwardly scalloped to inner margin, the 
last sweep usually extending considerably inward to the base of the 
wing. The anterior portion of this line is heaviest and is always 
visible to at least the center of the cell; usually it is very conspicuous. 


862 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 





The outer or extradiscal line begins about one-fourth in from the 
apex, follows in general the course of the outer margin of the wing 
and may be either gently waved or strongly undulated, one outward 
wave being between R; and Cu, and another between Cu, and the 
anal vein; the inward wave produced by the union of these two is 
larger and deeper than either of the outward ones. The secondaries 
are divided into two regions by a straight, slightly curved, undulate 
or denticulate line which crosses the wing outward of the middle 
and terminates at the inner margin at a variable distance from the 
anal angle. 

The genitalia when mounted on slides are more or less triangular 
or pentagonal in form and display excellent characters for the sepa- 
ration of the species. The apical-inner margin of the harpes, bearing 
what by analogy should be the clasper, is very characteristically 
shaped and affords the best means of distinguishing between the 
various species. The spreading out and mounting of the genitalia 
apparently does not in the least interfere with the shape of the 
structure, and in a series of ten mounts of one species all were prac- 
tically alike. This was true of the other species, and constancy of 
form is the rule with all the parts of this structure. The uncus 
may be straight or slightly bent according to the species. The 
scaphium usually offers something that is distinctive. The penis 
may or may not have an apical process which is much alike in related 
species. 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1. Species variegated with brown, yellow, and olivaceous............-..---- 2 
Species not variegated or, if so, entirely lacking the olivaceous tint... ....--- 3 

2. Ground color of primaries bright yellowish or faintly yellowish-olivaceous, the 
inner cross line relieved; shadings burnt brown.-.........-------- morrisonatus. 


Ground color of primaries whitish and decidedly olivaceous, the inner cross 
line almost lost in the shading below cell; shadings chocolate-brown with 


purplish: cast.:< .t3.oc0 ssc. sem oatesoe  eeeee e marmoratus. 
3. Species large, 45mm. or over im expanse... - - 420% 32 eee eee giganteus. 
Species smaller, 40 mm. or less In expanse-<-< 25.2525. 3 -= eee 4 
4. Outer line of primaries very strongly sinuous........-...-...-..--.--.-- modestus. 
Outer line of primaries gently and smoothly waved. ...........-.---------- 5 

5. Ground color of wings granite-gray; median band of primaries deep fawn- 
DIOWN ow cicero So secs ee age Eee behrensarius. 
Species not so colored oe wie www wo 6. ww ities o, tye ihe) wt lesion) we jen eth Bema nar eh mf ad a ete 6 

6. Primaries scattered over with cinereous scales, outer line externally and inner 
line internally bordered by a narrow cinereous line. ........-.-..--- occidentalis. 
Primaries without cimereous scales: .; 223. 42 |. cee 7 
7. Ground color of wings creamy or whitish-gray; shadings yellowish-brown. colorado. 
Ground color of wings stone or bluish gray or reddish-brown. ......---.----- 8 

8. Male with grayish shadings and a yellowish patch opposite discal spot; 
female with bright reddish-brown shadings...............-------- peplarioides. 


Male with black shadings; female with reddish-brown shadings with an 
umber hulew.. ssc. e eo. as os ts See eee honestarius. 


no. 1753. NORTH AMERICAN GROMETRID MOTIIS—GROSSBECK. 363 


PERO HONESTARIUS Walker. 
Plate 13, figs. 1, 2; Plate 14, figs. 1, 2, 4-8; Plate 15, fig. 1. 


1860. Azelina hubneraria { WavKeER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 20, p. 186. 

1860. Azelina honestaria WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 20, p. 258. 

1866. Azelina stygiaria WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Suppl. 5, p. 1548. 

1868. Azelina honestaria Grote and Roprinson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2 
p. 8l=hubneraria. 

1876. Azelina hubnerata { Packarp, Monogr. Geom., p. 520, pl. 11, figs. 58, 59. 

1876. Azelina stygiaria Packarp, Monogr. (icom., p. 523. 

1881. Azelina hubneraria Butter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. ee ser. 5, vol. 8, p. 33. 

1881. Azelina honestaria BuTLER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 8, p.33. 

1881. Azelina stygiaria Butter, Ann. and Mag. eas Hist., ser s vol. 8, p. 33. 

1886. Azelina hubnerata Huust, Ent. Amer., vol. 2, p. 49. 

1886. Azelina stygiaria Hust, Ent. Amer., vol. 2, p. 49=hubnerata. 

1886. Azelina honestaria Huust, Ent. Amer., vol. 2, p. 49=hubnerata. 

1890. Azelina hubneraria { Packarp, Fifth Rept. U.S. Ent. Comm., p. 526. 

1895. Azelina peplaria Huust, Ent. News, vol. 6, p. 14. 

1895. Azelina stygiaria Hust, Ent. News, vol. 6, p. 14=peplaria. 

1895. Azelina hubnerata Hust, Ent. News, vol. 6, p. 14, var. of peplaria. 

1895. Azelina honestaria Hust, Ent. News, vol. 6, p. 14=var. HOE 

1900. ?Azelina hubneraria { Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, p. 61. 

1900. Azelina honestaria Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, p. 61. 

1900. Azelina peplaria { CAUDELL, Ent. News, vol. 11, p. 583, larva. 

1902. Azelina ancetaria t Hust, Bull. 52, U.S. Nat. Mus., p. 344. 

1902. Azelina honestaria, Huust, Bull. 52, . S. Nat. Mus., p. 344=ancetaria. 

1902. Azelina peplaria Huust, Bull. 52, U.S. Nat. Mus., p. 344, var. of ancetaria, 

1902. Azelina stygiaria Hust, Bull. 52, W. . Nat. Mus., p. 344=var. peplaria. 

1903. Azelina ancetaria { Hottanp, Moth Book, p. 352, pl. 45, fig. 23. 


Male.—Expanse, 36 to 40 mm. Head and thorax umber brown 
scattered over with fine gray scales; antenne vellowish with a white 
spot at the base of each; front with a white V or U shaped mark 
across the superior portion which connects the spots on the antenne ; 
palpi concolorous with tint of head. Abdomen gray or brownish; 
when the latter, the segments are narrowly darkened posteriorly. 
Ground color of wings soft gray and usually finely strigate, especially 
outwardly and along costa, though the strigations are often reduced 
to shapeless atoms. Inner line of primaries blackish, the scallops 
not strongly pronounced; outer line rather smoothly undulate. 
Inner area heavily shaded or mottled with umber brown, the ground 
color showing through, especially just internally of the limiting cross 
line. Median area similarly shaded and assuming an intense blackish- 
brown along outer line. Outer area shaded with olive gray. Discal 
spot white, angular, linear. Fringe brown. Transverse line of 
secondaries curved, more or less denticulate though sometimes quite 
straight and even. Inner area smoky, densest at cross line. Outer 
area smoky, sometimes strigate with gray or brown. Three black 
intervenular spots on outer margin near the anal angle are always 
present, and frequently two or three other smaller ones nearer the 


364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 





outer angle. Discal spot absent or barely visible. Fringe as in 
primaries. Beneath, smoky with the ground color showing through 
outwardly, the costal and central portions and the veins washed with 
reddish-brown. Lines of primaries absent; that of the secondaries 
faintly showing. Discal spot of fore wings white, conspicuous; of 
hind wings white, sometimes partly margined with black scales which 
occasionally cover the spot and give a decidedly dusky or even black 
appearance. 

Female.—Ditlers from the typical male in that the ground color and 
darker shadings are of a reddish-brown cast, in that the shadings are 
not so dense and thus the inner cross line shows up more distinctly 
and in the outer cross line being, on the whole, considerably more 
sinuate. . 

ITabitat.—Maine to Florida and westward to Alberta, Colorado, and 
Texas. According to the specimens before me the species flies in the 
Atlantic States from March 14 continuously to September 16; in the 
Northwest in June and July, in Colorado in August, and in Texas 
in June. 

This is the only species in the East that is not decidedly variegated 
in color, and may be distinguished by that fact alone. The genitalia 
belong in the same series with giganteus, peplarioides, and behren- 
sarius, but differs from all in some marked respects. The lower pro- 
jection of the clasper is considerably longer than in any, the scaphium 
is relatively larger and stouter, and the form of the apical process of 
the penis is peculiar to itself alone. 

Evidently the metropolis of the species is in the North Atlantic 
States, where the typical form of both sexes is common. At the 
extreme points, especially in the Northwest, the colors are not so 
bright, and the contrast between the ground color and the ornamen- 
tation is less striking. 

The male is the dark form that has hitherto been called peplaria. 
That it is simply the male of honestarius is shown by the fact that 
of the 132 specimens under observation 68 of the 80 males were the 
black form, while 12, though dark, had the reddish-brown cast of the 
female. In no case did the female resemble the male in general color, 
all of them having the reddish-brown cast. 

There are few American species of Geometride that have fallen 
into greater confusion than has honestarius with is sexual color varia- 
tion and supposed varieties. 

The name ancetaria, under which it has gone for a number of years, 
must disappear from our lists. It was first used in 1806 by Hiibner 
in his Sammlung Exotischer Schmetterlinge, volume 2, and was merely 
an erroneous application on his part of anceta Cramer, a species 
different from the one he figures and which Mr. L. B. Prout tells me 


tai easiest ail i 


no.1753. NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRID MOTHS—GROSSBECK. 365 


is ec ee ftom South [er me fous moreover, though 
apparently illustrating a typical Pero, do not represent any form 
known to me from North America. In build, shape, and markings 
it resembles most nearly our marmoratus, but does not have the blotch 
just outside the outer line on the primaries so characteristic in that 
species, and is suffused with a crimson tint—a character possessed 
by none of our species in the slightest degree. 

Peplaria, which, according to our catalogue, is the next oldest 
name for the species, was also used by Hitbner in his Zutrige. His 
figures (709, 710) represent both upper and under surfaces, and 
though we have his statement that the species comes from North 
America, I know of nothing in our fauna that approaches it. Cer- 
tainly it is not the form to which Hulst applied the name. It prob- 
ably is congeneric with the species listed in our fauna under Sten- 
aspulates, though from the female (which sex alone is depicted) this 
can not be said with absolute certainty. The course of the extra- 
discal line of both wings is peculiar, the sharp angle in that of the 
secondaries being especially characteristic, while the yellowish color 
of the under side of the wings is unique, reminding one of certain of 
our Gonodontis species. 

Hubneraria Guenée® is another name for Hiibner’s ancetaria, the 
author discovering the distinctness of the latter species from anceta 
Cramer and rightly renaming it. 

Honestaria Walker is the first valid name for our North American 
species. The measurement he gives seems small, but Mr. Prout 
assures me that it is identical with American specimens sent him for 
comparison. 

Stygiaria Walker is apparently a typical male of honestarius. 

Packard, in his monograph, mixes specimens of what is undoubt- 
edly peplarioides with honestarius, but refers to them in the remarks 
following his description as being larger in expanse of wings. 

Druce says that Central American specimens of hubneraria (= hones- 
tarius) are usually darker than those from the United States. It 
is probable that Mr. Druce did not have the true honestarius before 
him, as on the same page he lists honestarius as a separate species, 
remarking that the specimens of this latter species are almost identical 
with Walker’s type. 

Lastly, I have excluded atrocolorata Hulst from the synonymy. 
This was described? as a variety of Azelina hubnerata from seven 
examples. Of these types I have located only four, two in the 
Brooklyn Institute Museum and two in his own collection at New 
Brunswick. Three are typical honestarius, but the fourth, a female 
from Florida, is a totally different spec ies with the general aspect of a 


a Spee. Gén., vol. 9, p- 159. b Ent. -Amer., vol. 1,4 p- ). 205. 


366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








Stenaspilates. I am, therefore, holding Hulst’s name on this speci- 
men, representing a species which apparently has as yet received no 
other appellation. 

The complete life history of honestarius has not yet been worked 
out; nor indeed has it been worked out in any of our species. 

The larva is described by Mr. A. N. Caudell as follows: 

Length, 35mm. Head 2.5 mm. wide, strongly bilobed, the lobes light ash-colored 
above and obtusely angled. Inner anterior borders of the lobes darker, almost fuscous. 
Face lighter, especially the lower half of the triangular clypeus. General color of the 
body brownish, mottled with longitudinal splashes of a lighter shade. Tubercles 
black, minute. Hairs microscopic, black. Thoracic legs on outer side concolorous 
with the body; on the inner surface, lighter. Abdominal legs colored same as the 
body on the outer surface, but black on the inner sides, and the venter between the 
anal pair is also black, bordered posteriorly with white. There is an irregular, not 
prominent, transverse ridge on the twelfth segment. 


The larva fed on wild cherry, and entered the ground on July 10, 
the imago emerging in the following August. 

Professor Packard states in his Forest Insects that Miss Emily L. 
Morton raised it commonly on wild cherry, and that those fed on 
maple, ‘‘the usual food plant,’’ died. 


PERO GIGANTEUS, new species. 
Plate 13, fig. 3; Plate 15, fig. 3. 
1904. Azelina occidentalist Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 913, var. of 


ancetaria; larva. 
1906. Azelina occidentalist Taytor, Check List Brit. Col. Lep., p. 37. 


Expanse, 45 to 51 mm. Head and body pale purplish-gray to 
reddish-brown, the latter color usually predominant in the female, 
though not entirely confined to that sex. Antenne yellowish with a 
white spot at the base of each which are frequently connected by a 
concolorous line that extends across the superior part of the front. 
Ground color of wings whitish-gray with more or less of a yellowish, 
brownish, or faint purplish cast. Inner line of primaries broad and 
conspicuous from costa to center of discal cell, thence obsolete to 
cubitus, but reappearing less strongly below this vein and continu- 
ing with the usual scallops to inner margin. Outer line brown, 
sharply defined externally but blending with the median shade 
internally, usually quite strongly sinuous and sometimes forming 
angles on the veins in the lower part of the wing. Inner area 
speckled, often profusely, with gray. Median area with or without 
speckles and usually filled in with umber-brown (male) or reddish- 
brown (female) which becomes intense at the outer line. Outer area 
with the speckles finer, and forming transverse strigations which, 
between veins M, and Cu, near outer line and on inner margin near 
anal angle, are clustered together in more or less dense clouds. 


no. 1753. NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRID MOTIIS—GROSSBECK. 367 








Small, pure white dots usually surrounded by a brown border are 
between veins R,; to Cu, near the outer margin, though frequently 
two or more of these are absent. In the cell between the branches of 
cubitus a black dot is situated. Discal spot white, conspicuous, 
linear. Fringe brown. Secondaries with irregular transverse line 
brownish followed by a whitish line which is the more prominent of 
the two. Inner area slightly darker outwardly, the color increasing 
in height in the outer area. Sometimes a still darker shade, becom- 
ing intense at the anal angle, is present in the outer area extending 
parallel and close to the cross line. On the margin near the anal 
angle are from one to four jet black spots. Discal spot absent or 
reflected from beneath as a very faint dusky spot. Fringe as in 
primaries. Beneath paler than above and dusted over more or less 
profusely with grayish or blackish atoms. Outer line of primaries 
well marked, denticulate; discal spot white, linear, sometimes marked 
inwardly with black. Transverse line of secondaries very sharply 
denticulate; discal spot large, black, oval. 

Halitat.—From British Columbia southward to California and 
eastward to Colorado. Specific localities are: British Columbia: 
Arrowhead Lake, July 1 to August 7; Kaslo, July 15 to August 21; 
Wellington, April 15. Vancouver: July 16 to 23. Washington: 
Tacoma. Oregon: Dally. California: Cazadero, Sonoma County, 
August 18. Utah: Stockton, July 24 to August 1; Provo, July 29 
to August 12. Colorado: Glenwood Springs, June 8 to September 
15; Chimney Gulch, Golden, June 30. 

This is the largest species of the genus and may be known by its 
large size alone. It is a close ally to peplarioides which species also 
approaches it most nearly in size. In giganteus the outer line of the 
primaries is usually considerably more angulate at the veins, and the 
male lacks the faint olivaceous tint of peplarioides. Perhaps the best 
distinguishing feature will be found in the habitat of the two species; 
giganteus is apparently common in British Columbia and Vancouver 
Island, becoming more rare as the southern and eastern limits of its 
range are approached, and may not extend south of the northern 
third of California; peplaricides extends through New Mexico and 
Arizona, and is common in the southern third of California. The two 
forms may fly together in middle California. The genitalia of gigan- 
teus are much like those of peplarioides; the clasper is narrower than 
in that species and the scaphium and uncus are somewhat broader. 

This species has been generally regarded as the occidentalis of Mulst 
and indeed not without some justification, as Hulst himself has a 
female specimen in his collection labeled as a type. This, however, 
is from Colorado, and in his diagnosis of occidentalis he specifically 
gives California as the locality from whence the species is described. 

Type.— -Cat. No. 13124, U.S.N.M. 


368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Doctor Dyar has described the egg and first two stages of the 
larva as follows: 


Egg: Elliptical, smoothly and evenly rounded, no perceptible flattening nor 


truncation; surface smooth, shagreened. Shining sordid olivaceous, under a lens 
minutely black speckled; size, 0.9 by 0.7 by 0.65 mm. 

Stage I: Head rounded, bilobed, pale brown, erect, sutures depressed. Body 
moderately elongate, normal, whitish, marked with irregular green rings from the 
alimentary canal before eating; a very faint, narrow, brown subdorsal line. Seg- 
ments annulate; cervical shield small, black; tubercles black, a slight blackening 
around the hair dots only; setze stiff, minutely flared at tip. 

Stage Il: Face below and epistoma broadly bluish white, edged above with a 
straight black shade; vertex yellowish, with brown black spots in alternating oblique 
rows; width, 0.75 mm. Body moderately slender, normal, dark gray, many fine 
irregular brown lines on a greenish-gray ground; venter darker than dorsum, which 
is irregularly diluted greenish. Feet concolorous; tubercles round, black; sete 
pointed, dark. 


In the second stage the larve began to hibernate and finally died 
off so that the complete life history was not obtained. 


PERO PEPLARIOIDES Hulst. 
Plate 13, figs. 4 and 5; Plate 15, fig. 2. 


1871. ?Azelina hubneraria{ PacKarRD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 13, p. 386. 

1881. ?Azelina hubnerariat ButveR, Papilio, vol. 1, p. 221. 

1898. Marmarea peplarioides, Huust, Can. Ent., vol. 30, p. 218. 

1902. Marmarea occidentalis, var. peplarioides, Huust, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., 
p. 343. 

Male.—Expanse, 35 to 38 mm. Head and thorax soft gray with a 
delicate tinge of purplish. Abdomen gray with a light reddish-brown 
cast. Antenne pale yellowish with a white mark at the base of each 
which frequently are connected by a faint whitish line across the | 
superior part of the front. Ground color of wings whitish-gray with 
or without a faint washing over of yellowish or olivaceous, and more 
or less sparsely irrorate with blackish. Occasionally the surface of 
the fore wings is slightly washed over with a warm brown tint, but 
this, a constant character of the female, is of the rarest occurrence in 
the male, and is never so marked as in the opposite sex. Inner line 
of primaries conspicuous from costa to middle of cell as a rather broad 
brown dash directed outwardly; below this point the line is absent or 
only vaguely indicated. Outer line brown, not separated from the 
median shade, variably sinuous, but usually not very strongly so. 
Inner area becoming slightly darker outwardly, continuing darker 
into median space and becoming very dark umber brown in the outer 
portion of this area. In the costal portion of the discal cell, between 
the inner line and discal spot, is a yellowish patch usually very con- 
spicuous and never altogether absent. Outer area composed of the 
unmodified ground color, or with diverse clouds, more or less intense, 
but when present always arranged as to leave an irregular whitish 
line extending through the center of the field. Near the outer margin 


no. 1753. NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRID MOTHS—GROSSBECK. 869 


a small white dot is present between veins R, and M, and another 
still smaller one is between veins M, and Cu,. Very rarely this second 
dot is absent. Also a black dot of similar proportions is between the 
two branches of cubitus. Discal spot, white, linear. Fringe concol- 
orous with ground color or distinctly brownish. Transverse line of 
secondaries irregular, faintly brownish, and bordered outwardly with 
white—the really conspicuous part of the line. Outer area darkly 
shaded at anal angle. A black spot between veins Cu, and Cu, and 
sometimes two or three other smaller ones between adjacent veins. 
Discal spot absent or showing as a faint dusky patch. Fringe as in 
primaries. Beneath, paler than above, sometimes almost whitish. 
and more or less dusted with blackish atoms, especially on second- 
aries; both wings shaded costally and outwardly with faint purplish 
or brownish. Outer line of primaries showing on anterior portion of 
wings. Discal spot as above. Transverse line of secondaries present 
across wing; dark shading in anal angle as on upper side; discal spot 
large, black oval. 

Female.—Expanse, 39 to 42 mm. The ground color of the wings 
is approximately the same as in the male, but entirely lacks the oliva- 
ceous tints of that sex and is so heavily shaded with browns of various 
shades that a different insect is suggested. The head, thorax, and 
abdomen may vary from lilacinous, through pale yellowish-brown to 
dark purplish brown, the head and thorax always being the most 
heavily shaded. Primaries and secondaries with the ornamentation 
as in the male, but instead of the umber brown shadings is suffused 
with warm browns, pale yellowish to dark purplish-brown with a red- 
dish admixture. Beneath the sexes are much alike, the female, on 
the whole, a little darker. 

Habitat.—Southern half of California, New Mexico, and Arizona. 
Specific localities: California: San Diego, March 14 to July 1; Palo 
Alto, March; Havilah; Claremont; Alameda County, May; Los An- 
geles; Pasadena, May 1; Alta Vista, March 31. New Mexico: Beu- 
lah, 8,000 feet, July 28 to 31. Arizona: San Francisco Mountains, 
8,000 to 10,000 feet, July 23; Yuma County, March. 

This species is allied to the preceding, and for distinguishing charac- 
ters see remarks under that form. 

PERO BEHRENSARIUS Packard. 


Plate 13, fig. 7; Plate 16, fig. 4. 


5 


1871. Azelina behrensaria Packarp, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 13, p. 386. 
1876. Azelina behrensata Packarp, Monogr. Geom., p. 521, pl. 11, fig. 60. 


1881. Azelina behrensaria Butter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, p. 3 
honestaria? 

1886. Azelina behrensata Huust, Ent. Amer., vol. 2, p. 49=hubnerata, 

1896. Azelina behrensata Hust, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 380. 


Expanse, 35 to 39 mm. Head and body granite-gray to grayish- 
brown, the segments of the abdomen usually dark brown posteriorly ; 


Proc.N.M.vol.38-—10——24 


370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 


palpi and inferior portion of front often light brown; antenne yel- 
lowish or light brown with a white spot at the base of each, which 
are rarely connected by a faint, broken line across the front. Ground 
color of wings soft granite-gray, more or less speckled over with 
dark-brown atoms which occasionally form short strigations on the 
costa and in the outer area of primaries. - Inner line of primaries 
conspicuous, sometimes broad and diffuse, scalioped, the first sweep 
from costa less oblique on the whole than in the other species. Outer 
line distinct, ratherly evenly sinuous, usually not producing angles 
at the veins. Median area fawn-brown, rarely deep brown, con- 
trasting strongly with the granite-gray inner and outer area. Discal 
spot white, angular, linear, quite large, and conspicuous. Second- 
aries divided subcentrally by a denticulate or wavy line, the greatest 
angle or wave on the first anal vein. A small brownish discal spot 
sometimes showing. Three orfour black lunules are on the outer mar- 
gin near the anal angle. Beneath, smoky-gray, washed over with 
pale brownish on costal and outer areas, and with a patch of dark 
brown strigations on inner area of secondaries. Cross lines occa- 
sionally visible. Discal spot of fore wings as above, but smaller 
and margined on one side with black; of secondaries quite large, con- 
spicuous, and composed of closely set atoms which rarely disperse, 
leaving a dusky spot. 

Habitat.—‘ California’ (Packard); Sierra Nevada, California, Ore- 
gon (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.); Oregon (W.S. Wright); Portland, Oregon, 
June (J. A. G.); Rossland, British Columbia, June 3 (U.S.N.M.). 

A very distinct and easily recognized species, separable from all 
others by the granite-gray ground and the sharply defined brown 
median area. The male genitalia are nearest to honestarius but are 
more triangular in form. 

Judging from the specimens in hand Oregon is the true home of 
the species, since seven of the nine examples come from that State 
through three different sources. The other two localities, however, 
bespeak a range extending from lower British Columbia to central 
California. It is probable that the species is alpine, occurring on the 
Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountains. 

“ PERO OCCIDENTALIS Hulst. 
Plate 13, fig. 12; Plate 16, fig. 5. 
1896. Marmarea occidentalis Huusr, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 380. 

Expanse, 38 to 40 mm. Head and thorax light to dark brown, the 
latter occasionally sprinkled with cinereous scales, especially on the 
collar; abdomen paler, more or less finely mottled. Antenne yellow- 
ish, with a white spot at the base of each, and usually a whitish line 
extends across the front connecting these spots. Ground color of 
wings dark yellowish, rarely granite gray, and sparsely sprinkled 


no.1753. NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRID MOTHS—GROSSBECK. Sl 


over with cinereous and some black scales. Inner line of primaries 
dark brown or black, well defined, usually complete and with the 
scallops strongly marked. A faint cinereous line, often mixing with 
the ground color, just precedes it. Outer line black, rather evenly 
but strongly sinuous and succeeded by a fine cinereous line. Inner 
area slightly shaded with brown, and with a cinereous cast on costal 
and inner margins. Median area shaded heavily with brown, usually 
from the center of the field to the outer line, where it frequently 
assumes an intense brown. Outer area only very slightly shaded 
and more or less strigate. There are two to four white submarginal 
spots between veins R,; and Cu, and a black spot between Cu, and Cu, 
Discal spot white, angular, linear, though sometimes reduced to a 
small even spot. Fringe brown or yellowish. Secondaries smoky 
with a tinge of ochreous. The transverse line brown, irrecular, and 
bordered externally by a conspicuous white line which occasionally 
becomes quite broad toward inner margin. Three black triangular 
marks are on the outer margin between Cu, and the inner margin, and 
sometimes the marginal line, usually brown, is of this same color. 
Discal spot absent or only vaguely indicated. Fringe as in primaries. 
Beneath light brown to smoky, whitish toward inner margin of both 
wings and more or less scattered over with dark-brown scales or 
strigations.° Outer line of primaries in part and transverse line of 
secondaries repeated, the latter more sharply denticulate than above 
and conspicuously marked externally with white. Discal spot of 
fore wings as above, but marked to some extent on one side with 
black; of hind wings large, oval and black or dark brown. Fringe as 
above. 

Habitat.—Rossland, British Columbia, June 8; Pullman, Wash- 
ington, May 15 (Dyar); Oregon (Wright); Sierra Nevada, California 
(Beutenmiiller) ; California (Hulst); Nevada (Doll). 

A species resembling modestus in ornamentation, but on the whole 
larger. The scattering of cinereous scales over the primaries and the 
sunilarly colored narrow borders to the cross lines are peculiar. 

The species has not been recognized since it was first described, and 
indeed it is doubtful whether Hulst himself knew the limits of his 
species, as no occidentalis probably ever reached an expanse of wings of 
50 mm., the greatest measurement given by him in his diagnosis of 
the species. The species from which this measurement was made 
undoubtedly refers to giganteus, a Coloradan specimen of which 1s 
in his collection labeled as a type of occidentalis. 

The dentate antenne of the male, on which character the genus 
Marmarea was based and of which occidentalis is the type, determines 
to which of the two species the name should apply. 

The genitalia are stout and robust and the basal projection of the 
clasper short and broad. The scaphium hook is provided with a 
shoulder, as in behrensarius, 


372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 


PERO MODESTUS, new species. 
Plate 13, fig. 13; Plate 16, fig. 6. 


Expanse, 30 to 38 mm.; average expanse, about 34 mm. Head 
and body light to dark gray with a yellowish tint, and sometimes 
more or less heavily shaded with umber brown. The brown, where 
it occurs on the thorax, is usually smoothly applied, but on the abdo- 
men it is distributed in minute speckles. Antenne light grayish- 
yellow, usually with a white spot at the base of each, which rarely 
are connected by a concolorous line across the front. Ground color 
of wings light gray with decidedly yellow or very pale brownish cast. 
Usually, though not always, there is a sparse scattering of brown 
atoms over the surface; rarely these are profuse and then cluster 
together in transverse shapes and give to the wings a markedly 
strigate appearance. Inner line of primaries dark brown or blackish, 
always conspicuous, narrow, and never diffuse; the scallops are usually 
pronounced, particularly the one between veins radius and cubitus, 
which extends far into the cell. Outer line concolorous with inner 
line, strongly sinuate, sharply defined throughout, and shaded inter- 
nally with lighter brown. Inner area composed of the ground color 
without modification except for the atoms occasionally clustermg and 
assuming transverse positions. Median area usually composed of 
the ground color, though rarely the entire field is decidedly reddish- 
ocherous, contrasting strongly with the remainder of the wing. There 
is no shading along the inner line, and that along the costa and outer 
line rarely reaches to the center of the field and nearly always not 
more than half so far. Outer area frequently with a faint diffuse 
cloud of light brown following the outer line but separated from it by 
a narrow band of ground color. Other diffuse clouds are sometimes 
present at the outer margin between R, and M, or near the anal angle. 
A narrow terminal line is present in all well preserved specimens and 
one to six small white intervenular dots are between veins R, to Cu,. 
Discal spot small, white, rounded to linear angular, and sometimes 
bordered with a narrow brown ring; rarely it is absent. Fringe 
slightly darker than ground color. Transverse line of secondaries 
brown, bordered externally with whitish and irregularly dentate in 
its course, or simply waved; it terminates on the inner margin within 
a rather short distance from the anal angle. Terminal line and fringe 
as in primaries, the former broadened and heightened in color near 
the anal angle and sending three or four triangular-shaped marks into 
the wing between M, to the anal vein. The outer area, especially 
toward and at the anal angle, is sometimes darker than the rest of the 
wing. Discal spot absent or indistinctly showing as a dusky spot. 
Beneath, paler than above and sparsely dusted with brown atoms. 
The extradiscal lines are usually very conspicuous, on the secondaries 


No. 1753. NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRID MOTHS—GROSSBECK. 373 





more denticulate than above and frequently bordered externally with 
pure white. The discal spot on the fore wings is whitish and linear, 
but on the hind wings is large, oval, and dark brown. 

Habitat.—Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, and southeastern 
California. Specific localities: Arizona: Huachuca Mountains: Santa 
Catalina Mountains; Palmerlee, Cochise County; Redington; Pres- 
cott, Yavapai County; Baboquivaria Mountains, PimaCounty. New 
Mexico: Fort Wingate; Las Vegas; Hot Springs, 7,000 feet. Colo- 
rado: Durango; Golden; Glenwood Springs. Utah: Stockton; 
Beaver Valley. California: Argus Mountains. Flies from May 24, 
through June, July, and August, to September 21. 

A rather small variable species common in the Southwest. In the 
course of the transverse lines it is much like occidentalis, but the outer 
line is more strongly sinuate. The ground color varies from white to 
yellowish or yellowish-brown and the cross lines are pronounced. 

The genitalia are comparatively short and broad, as is also the 
clasper. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13125, U.S.N.M. 


PERO MORRISONATUS Hy. Edwards. 
Plate 13, fig. 6; Plate 16, fig. 7. 


1881. Azelina morrisonata Hy. Epwarps, Papilio, vol. 1, p. 121. 
1886. Azelina morrisonata Hutst, Ent. Amer., vol. 2, p. 49=hubnerata, 
1902. Azelina ancetaria, var. morrisonata Huust, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 344, 
Expanse, 35 to 37 mm. Head and thorax pale brown or yellowish, 
the thoracic crest paler, and the whole with scattered whitish scales. 
Abdomen concolorous with thorax or yet paler and usually profusely 
mottled with dark brown scales which sometimes congregate and 
form continuous bands on the posterior part of the segments. 
Antenne yellowish, rarely whitish at the base. Front sometimes 
darker brown than vertex, the superior edge rarely with an indication 
of a white line connecting the whitish spots at base of antenne. 
Ground color of wings variegated pale yellowish with a faint olivaceous 
cast to bright yellow. Inner line of primaries dark brown or blackish, 
well scalloped and usually well defined across the wing. Outer line 
moderately or rather strongly sinuate, concolorous with inner line, 
defined externally, shaded internally one-fourth across the median 
space. Inner and median areas mottled, often profusely, with dark 
brown, the mottlings assuming, on the whole, a transverse position. 
Outer area finely and rather sparsely strigate, with two oblique wavy 
bands, more or less pronounced, between which is a paler brown 
cloud. A rounded darker brown cloud is usually present between 
veins M, and Cu,, close to the outer line. One to three intervenular 
white dots near the outer margin, the subapical one largest, and a 
black spot between the branches of cubitus. Discal spot white, 


374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


linear, angular, often partially bordered with black. Fringe yellow 
or brown. Secondaries more or less suffused with smoky, rather 
heavily strigate, especially at inner margin and in outer area. Trans- 
verse line irregular, brown, bordered outwardly with a narrow band 
of ground color. A row of intervenular black spots on outer margin 
near anal angle. Discal spot absent. Fringe as in primaries. Be- 
neath paler than above, finely strigate with brown, especially heavy 
on secondaries. Outer line of primaries evident near costa; on sec- 
ondaries strongly marked and sharply denticulate. Discal spot of 
fore wings white; of hind wings large, brown and conspicuous. 

Habitat—Canadian region of the Boreal life zone extending south- 
ward along the mountain chains in both the east and the west. 
Specific localities: Arizona; Durango, Colorado; Washington; Vic- 
toria, British Columbia, June 13, 20; Wellington, British Columbia, 
June 15; Arrowhead Lake, British Columbia, June 1 to 15; Miniota, 
Manitoba, July 21; Winnipeg, Manitoba, June 8 to 15; Indian Valley, 
Catskill Mountains, New York, June 7, 16, July 5, 28, 30; Cohasset, 
Massachusetts, June 8, 30. 

This peculiarly mottled form is distinguished from marmoratus, 
which it most resembles superficially, by the bright yellow or yellowish 
ground color which has sometimes a trace of olivaceous in it. The 
basal and median areas are not completely suffused with brown as in 
marmoratus and in consequence the inner line shows up more promi- 
nently. In genitalic characteristics this species is allied to colorado 
and in this structure both species depart widely from the others of 
the genus. The clasper is long and narrow with the basal projection 
also long and thumb-like in shape. The uncus as differentiated from 
the next species is straight, and the scaphium hook is more slender 
and less curved. 

PERO COLORADO, new species. 
Plate 13, figs. 8 and 9; Plate 16, fig. 8. 


Expanse, 36 to38 mm. Head and thorax light yellowish-brown to 
grayish-brown, the latter sometimes with scattered whitish scales; 
abdomen creamy yellow to yellow with occasionally a grayish cast. 
Antenne light yellow; a white spot at base of each and the white 
line crossing the superior part of the front usually diffuse. Ground 
color grayish-white, with or without a rusty-yellow cast, and more 
or less besprinkled with brown scales, those of the female usually 
profuse and forming short strigations. Inner line of primaries 
yellowish-brown to darker brown, rather narrow and nearly always 
complete. The scallops are defined but not particularly bold. Outer 
line concolorous with inner, variably sinuous, though usually not 
very strongly so, Inner area composed of the unmodified ground 





no. 17538. NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRID MOTHS—GROSSBECK. oT 

















color. Median area decided yellow to brown, intensified from center 
to outer line, at which it becomes very dark. Outer area variously 
shaded and mottled with dark brown, rust color and a tinge of 
olivaceous, though sometimes evenly composed of the ground color. 
One or two usually minute submarginal white spots are between 
veins R; to Cu, and a black spot also is occasionally present between 
the two branches of cubitus. Discal spot conspicuous, white, angu- 
lar, linear. Fringe testaceous to brown. Ground color of second- 
aries whitish, rarely with a yellowish or testaceous cast and overlaid 
with fuscous scales, especially along the transverse line and, to a 
less extent, the inner margin. Transverse line brown, variously 
waved and denticulated and followed by a conspicuous line of ground 
color. Three or four intervenular black triangles are on the outer 
margin near the anal angle and occasionally there are other smaller 
ones along the remainder of the outer margin. Discal spot absent 
or showing as a white, linear mark. Fringe as in primaries. Beneath 
whitish or very pale smoky with or without a yellowish or testace- 
ous cast. Lines of above except the inner of primaries repeated, 
that of secondaries strongly denticulate. Discal spot of fore wings 
white, often edged on one side with black; of hind wings large, black, 
oval. 

Type.—In collection of Dr. William Barnes. 

Habitat.—Durango, Colorado, May 24 to 30, June 8 to 15, July 8 to 
15; Glenwood Springs, Colorado, June, July 8 to 15, 24 to 30; Yellow- 
stone Park, Wyoming, July 8 to 15—all from Doctor Barnes. 

A light-colored species with rusty-yellow or brownish shadings. 
In one female before me (fig. 9 on Plate 13) there is a slight tinge 
of olivaceous in the outer area, and in other slight respects the speci- 
men resembles morrisonata, but the rusty-brown shade at once 
distinguishes it from that form. <As in occidentalis this species 
has dentate antenne in the male. The clasper of the genitalia is 
long and narrow and constricted immediately above the thumb- 





like projection. The scaphium hook is stout and much curved. 
PERO MARMORATUS, new species. 
Plate 13, figs. 10 and 11; Plate 14, fig. 14; Plate 16, fig. 9. 


Expanse, 30 to 34 mm. Head and thorax chocolate brown, with 
or without a sparse scattering of yellowish scales. Abdomen some- 
what paler, variously mottled with yellowish and light and dark 
shades of brown, the darker shades frequently at the posterior edge 
of the segments; anal brush of male light yellowish. Antenne pale 
yellow below, dark brown above. A more or less pronounced whitish 
U-shaped mark crossing the front and connecting similarly colored 
spots at the base of the antenne. Ground color yellowish-olivaceous 
in the male, brownish in the female. Inner line of primaries choco- 


376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voL. 38. 








late brown, not strongly relieved from the surrounding shadings; 
best marked on costal area, where it appears as a broad, oblong blotch 
preceded by a patch of ground color; rather vaguely indicated on 
lower portion of wing and sometimes preceded by a narrow, broken 
line of ground color. Outer line brown or blackish, strongly sinu- 
ous and preceded by a rather broad, intense chocolate brown shade. 
Inner and median areas largely laid over with chocolate brown with 
a tinge of purplish, the ground color showing through in the costal 
portion of the wing; both areas more or less strigate with darker 
brown. Outer area sparsely and finely strigate in male, more pro- 
fusely strigate in female, and with a dense patch of scales bordering 
the cuter line between M, and Cu,. Other grayish-olivaceous clouds 
are so disposed as to leave two oblique streaks of ground color directed 
toward outer margin. One to three submarginal white dots between 
veins R, to M, and a black dot between Cu, and Cu,. Discal spot 
white, bordered with blackish and often composed wholly of this 
latter color. Fringe brown or ocherous. Secondaries purplish- 
brown, rather uniform in coloring and somewhat strigate, especially 
in outer area and at inner margin. Ground color showing only at 
anal angle and along inner edge. Transverse line irregular, whitish, 
sometimes preceded by a brown line. Three or more black spots 
along outer margin and a white spot between R and M,. Discal 
spot absent. Fringe as in primaries. Beneath, ground color whitish 
but largely suffused with warm and purplish-brown. Inner area 
of secondaries strigate. Cross lines of above except inner line of 
primaries showing as denticulate whitish lines, occasionally bordered 
inwardly with brown. Discal spot of primaries white, frequently 
marked on the inner edge with black. Discal spot of secondaries 
black, usually oval, occasionally divided, sometimes large, though 
may be reduced as to be practically absent and is then replaced 
by a whitish spot. Fringe as above. 

Habitat.—Massachusetts and New York, southward to Virginia and 
westward to Illinois. Specific localities: Massachusetts: Cohasset, 
July 5, 10, 15, 18, 19, August 15; Newton Highlands. New York: 
New Windsor, July 30. New Jersey: Chester, August 4, 10. Penn- 
sylvania: Scranton, May, July 20; Pittsburg. Maryland: Plummer’s 
Island, April 28; Cambridge, May 24. Washington, District of 
Columbia. West Virginia. Illinois: Quincy, August 1 to 15; Elk- 
hart, August 1 to 7. 

Though in a degree resembling morrisonata, this species may be 
recognized at a glance by the decidedly olivaceous tint of the ground 
color and the clear chocolate-brown shadings. The elongated 
cenitalia are widely different from all the other species. 

Ty pe-—Cat. No. 13126, U.S.N.M. 


no. 1753. NORTH AMURICAN GEOMETRID MOTHS—GROSSBECK. aut 





Fig 


fal 


9 


ID OR 


co ow 


10. 
J. 
12. 
13. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


PLateE 13. 
Pero honestarius, male. 
Pero honestarius, female. 
Pero giganteus. 
Pero peplarioides, male. 
Pero peplarioides, female. 
Pero morrisonatus. 
Pero behrensarius. 
Pero colorado, male. 
Pero colorado, female. 
Pero marmoratus, male. 
Pero marmoratus, female. 
Pero occidentalis. 
Pero modestus. 
Puate 14. 


1. Wings of Pero honestarius, showing venation. 


“Im Oe w 


Ce 


aS ot 


Sasenae 


Venation of P. honestarius in the vicinity of the accessory cell, more enlarged. 

Venation of P. marmoratus in the vicinity of the accessory cell, illustrating 
the crowding of the veins in this species. 

Anterior leg of P. honestarius. 

Middle leg of P. honestarius. 

Posterior leg of P. honestarius. 

Head and palpi of P. honestarius. 

Section of antenna of P. honestarius. 


PLATE 15. 


. Genitalia of Pero honestarius. 
. Genitalia of Pero peplariorides. 


Genitalia of Pero giganteus. 
PuaTeE 16. 


Genitalia of Pero behrensarius. 
Genitalia of Pero occidentalis. 


. Genitalia of Pero modestus. 


Genitalia of Pero morrisonatus. 
Genitalia of Pero colorado. 
Genitalia of Pero marmoratus. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 13 





NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PERO. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE FAGE 377. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 14 





GENERIC CHARACTERS OF PERO. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 377. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 15 





GENITALIA OF PERO. 


For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 377. 





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DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF ICHNEUMON FLIES. 


By H. L. Vrereck, 
Of the Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 


The following species promise to become important economically 
inasmuch as they are parasitic on injurious insects. The now names 
are proposed at this time in order that they may be used in economic 
bulletins about to be published. 

In the endeavor to translate habitus into word descriptions it is 
necessary to originate additional technical terms. Such technical 
terms as are used for the first time in this paper are: The lateral ocellar 
line, or the shortest line between lateral and anterior ocelli, the post- 
ocellar line, or the shortest line between the posterior ocelli, the clype- 
ocular line, or the shortest line between clypeus and eye, and the 
antennocular line, or the shortest distance between edge of antennal 
fossa and eye. 

In this paper the term notauli, which is in common use among 
European systematists, is used instead of parapsidal furrows. 


APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) HYSLOPI, new species. 


Description.—Female and male, 2 mm. long. Related to limeni- 
tidis from which it differs as follows: The almost rectangular oblong 
second dorsal plate of the gaster bounded laterally by rather deep 
arcuate, crenulate furrows, especially in the female; propodeum more 
coarsely reticulate; tegula, membranous edge of first dorsal segment 
and posterior tarsi, black or blackish; color generally darker. 

This may prove to be only the Upper Sonoran representative of 
Apanteles limenitidis Riley. 

Type-——Female and male, Cat. No. 13053, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality—Pullman, Washington. Bred from Autographa 
gamma, var. californica, August 29, 1909, Webster No. 5905, 7. A 
Hyslop, collector. 

Named for J. A. Hyslop. 


APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) FISKEI, new species. 


Description—Female and male, 2.5 mm. long. In size and in the 
shape of the first dorsal plate this resembles Apanteles limenitidis 
Riley. In the sculpture of the third dorsal plate it mostly agrees 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1754. 


380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot. 38. 


with Apanteles junoniz Riley in having the longitudinal middle third 
mostly longitudinally, finely rugoso-striate. 

Mouth parts and legs mostly honey color, mandibles blackish at 
base castaneous at apex, claws dark brown, posterior tibize apically 
tinted with brown, their tarsi brownish, hind coxxwe mostly black, 
membranous edge of first and second dorsal segments honey color, 
infuscated, tegule honey color, wings brownish. 

Type.—Female and male, Cat. No. 13052, U.S.N.M. 

Ty pe-locality.— Massachusetts. Bred from Parorgyia, Gip. Moth 
Lab. No. 2620 I. 

Named for W. F. Fiske. 


BRACON (HABROBRACON) HOPKINSI, new species. 


Description.—Female, 3 to 4 mm. long; mostly black and shining, 
sculptured, pubescent, the pubescence white and nowhere obscuring 
the sculpture. Flagel 22-jointed, mostly black like the scape and 
pedicel, orbits nearly completely margined with yellow, the yellow 
orbital band prolonged (except for a brownish break) toward the 
middle of the face on each side and tangent to the lower edge of the 
antennal fossa, another prolongation of the yellow of the orbits extend- 
ing to the lower edge of the malar space and bordering the same 
throughout, mandibles mostly yellow, tipped with brown; posterior 
corner of prothorax, tegule, wing bases and most of legs testaceous 
to honey yellow, coxe and first joint of trochanters blackish, femora 
basally and tibiz apically infuscated, tarsal joints fuscous except at 
apices, wings transparent brownish, veins and stigma very dark 
brown; dorsal plate of first segment about as long as wide at apex, 
with an equilaterally triangular area with its apex anterior and de- 
fined laterally by foveate impressions, black, rest of dorsum of first 
segment yellow, second dorsal plate nearly three times as wide at 
apex as long down the middle, largely tectaceous medially, with an 
inverted U-shaped medial foveate impression, subemarginate apically, 
each of the following dorsal segments shorter than the one preceding, 
the third and fourth with a median longitudinal brownish or testa- 
ceous line, exserted portion of ovipositor apparently a little longer 
than the second dorsal segment. 

Male.—Somewhat smaller than the female, rather slender, parallel 
sided; second dorsal segment mostly yellow, brown laterally and 
medially. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12284, U.S.N.M 

Ty pe-locality.—Summerdale, California, Hopkins No. 449c, reared 
September 3, 1906. (H. E. Burke.) Thirteen female paratopotypes 
and two male paratopotypes show only slight departures from the 
type. In structure and in the color of the head this species is very 
like Bracon (Habrobrecon) stabilis Wesmael from England and Conti- 
nental Europe. 


Named for A. D. Hopkins. 


. 


NO. 1754. NEW SPECIES OF ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. 


381 





RHOGAS AUTOGRAPH2, new species. 

Deseription.—Female and male, 4 mm. long; compared with a speci- 
men of R. canadensis Cresson, from Ottawa, this differs as follows: 
Face below antenne black only medially; mesopleura and meso- 
sternum mostly black or blackish, the lower edge of mesopleura with a 
border of a testaceous or ferruginous color; median longitudinal 
sarina of first and second dorsal segments not so prominent in the 
female as in the male, being nearly lost among the adjoining strix. 

Type.—¥emale and male, Cat. No. 13054, U.S.N.M. 

Ty pe-locality.—Easton, Washington (A. Koebele). 

Other locality: Pullman, Washington. Bred from Autographa 
gamma, var. californica, July 27,1909, Webster No. 4595, A.J. Hyslop, 
collector. 





HETEROSPILUS PROSOPIDIS, new species. 


Description.—Very robust, thorax and abdomen each about one 
and one-half times as long as wide, as seen from above, brownish 
to yellowish in color. 

Female, 4 mm. long; ovipositor 0.75 mm.; antennexe 29-jointed; 
notauli virtually wanting, nearly all of petiole of first discoidal cell 
swollen and blackish, recurrent vein received by the cubitus distinctly 
beyond the first transverse cubitus, propodeum coarsely reticulated, 
with an acute angle at base formed by raised lines starting together 
in the middle but terminating almost immediately beyond in the 
rough sculpture; first and second dorsal segments entirely longi- 
tudinally striated, the former in addition with a recurved elevated 
ridge on each side, the latter with a faint transverse impressed line 
near the apex, third dorsal segment basally longitudinally striated, 
only half the segment being so sculptured in the middle, more later- 
ally, rest of the segment smooth and polished, fourth dorsal segment 
in the middle with the basal third longitudinally striate, laterally 
with more, rest of the segment smooth and polished, as are the 
remaining segments. 

Male very like the female ; antenne 28-jointed ; pseudostigma longer 
than wide or high and longer than the portion of the costa basad 
thereto. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12587, U.S.N.M. 

Ty pe-locality.— Kingsville, Texas. Reared from Bruchus in Pro- 
sopis juliflora, June 6, 1909; one female and one male paratopotypes 
with same data as type female and male; thirty-five paratypes fe- 
males, from Dallas, Texas (Hunter No. 1451, parasite of Bruchus 
exiguus), Victoria, Texas (Hunter No. 1410, parasite of Bruchus 
prosopis), (Hunter No. 1454), Forbing, Louisiana (Hunter No. 1455). 
These paratypes range from typical to between 1 and 2 mm. in length 
and in color from almost entirely castaneous to almost entirely yel- 
lowish; thirty-seven male paratypes with the same data as the female 
paratypes and varying in the same degree, 


PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


bo 





LIMNERIUM (ANGITIA) WEBSTERI, new species. 


Description.—Clypeocular line a little longer than the anteanocular 
line, face rather lengthened. 
Female.—4.5 mm. long; head narrowed posteriorly, lateral ocellar 
line about equal to the diameter of lateral ocellus, distinctly shorter 
or nearly half as long as the postocellar line, which latter 
is about one and one-half times as long as the lateral 
ocellar line, head black, antenne black to blackish, 
mandibles mostly yellow, palpi buff; thorax, including 
coxe mostly black, tegule, wing base, anterior and middle 
Fic. 1.-Ane- proximal trochanters on basal half, all distal trochanters, 
oretINLIM- anterior tibize in front and basal sixth of middle tibiz, 
NERIUM . . 
wessterr. all more or less yellow, apical half of anterior and middle 
proximal trochanters more or less brownish or fuscous, 
rest of anterior tibiw rather testaceous, their tarsi testaceous to 
brownish, two middle fourths of middle and posterior tibize whitish 
on outer side, basal seventh of posterior tibize buff, rest of middle 
and hind tibize dark brown or fuscous, middle and posterior tarsi 
fuscous excepting a basal band of buff on basal joint, femora 
ferruginous, the hind pair brownish at base and apex, 
thorax hunched, speculum dull, costula complete; (figs. 
1, 2) segments mostly black, postpetiole behind spira- 
cles as long as wide and with a narrow apical honey- 
colored band, plica yellowish, second dorsal segment 
with a narrow subapical honey-colored band, its thyridia  yr¢.2—arroua 
indistinct, a little more removed from the lateral edge — 18 Lxeriwm 
of the pigmented plate than the spiracles, third, fourth, Se ie 
and fifth dorsal segments apically and laterally with a more or less 
testaceous patch, exserted portion of ovipositor about as long as the 
second dorsal segment. 
Type.—Cat. No. 13055, U.S.N.M. 
Ty pe-locality.—Pullman, Washington, August 14,1909. Bred from 
Autographa gamma, var. californica, Webster No. 4595, J. A. Ilyslop, 
collector. 


Named for F. M. Webster. 
LIMNERIUM (HYPOSOTER) PARORGYIA, new species. 


Deseription.—Clypeocular line equal to the antennocular line; face 
rather transverse not appearing lengthened; abdomen club-shaped or 
thickened in the middle, not slender; other subgeneric characters very 
as in Anilastus (Foerster) Thomson. 

Female.-—7 mm. long; head and thorax black excepting the 
appendages, abdomen mostly reddish; lateral ocellus as far from the 
eye as from the anterior ocellus, the lateral ocelli one and one-half 
times as far from each other as from the anterior ocellus, clypeus 


No. 1754. NEW SPECIES OF ICH NEUJON FLIES—VIERECK. 383 
subtruncate, almost arcuate, the lateral suture represented only by a 
slight difference in sculpture, the spiracle indistinct, almost obsolete, 
mandibles yellow excepting the teeth, which are castaneous, palpi 
yellow, scape dark brown with pale edge at apex, rest of antenne 
blackish, second joint of flagel two-thirds as long as the first ; tecule, 
base of wings, trochanters of anterior and middle legs, anterior fem- 
ora at tip, anterior tibiw externally, middle tibiew externally, and an- 
terior and middle metatarsi yellow or yellowish, rest of anterior and 
middle legs honey color, more or less tinted with brownish, except- 
ing the femora, which are inclined to reddish, anterior coxe yellow, 
brownish at base, middle coxw brownish, posterior coxe mostly 
blackish, partly reddish brown, posterior trochanters blackish, their 
femora reddish, their tibize testaceous with a subbasal fuscous band 
as wide as the tibia is thick at base, their tarsi testaceous, paler 
than the tibiew, spurs whitish or honey color, claws brown, areolet 
petiolate; (fig. 3) abdomen reddish except the narrow 
portion of petiole which is blackish, second dorsal seg- 
ment with indistinct thyridia that adjoin the lateral 
edge and are one-eighth the distance from the base and 
are nearly one-fourth as wide as the segment is at base, 

spiracles of this segment nearly adjoining the lateral "6:3. AReo- 
margin and a little beyond the middle, plica honey Dee 
color to testaceous, sheaths of the ovipositor blackish, — ?koReyl. 
clavate, ovipositor hidden when at rest, narrow portion of dorsum 
of petiole not grooved on the sides. , 

Male.—Very like the female; middle coxx honey color, hind tro- 
chanters more or less testaceous, clypeus anteriorly testaceous, areo- 
petiolarea not distinctly transversely rugose. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13035, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.— Massachusetts. (Gip. Moth Lab. 1471 A., 1471 B., 
2619 A.) 

As shown by a paratopotype, the middle cox may be blackish, the 
basal fuscous band of hind tibiwe almost missing, and the ruge of 
areopetiolarea not be arranged so as to make it appear that the 








areola is separated from the petiolarea. 
Subgenus HYPOSOTER Feerster. 
Type.—Limnerium Ulyposoter) parorgyix Viereck. 
Subgenus ANILASTUS Feerster. 
Type.—Cam poplex rapax Gravenhorst. 
ICHNEUMON (CRATICHNEUMON) BURKEI, new species. 
Description.—In color this agrees with the description given for 
I. sublatus, var. excepting in the metathorax which in our species 
is entirely black behind. 


a Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 6, 1877, p. 137, 


884 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Male.—Twelve to thirteen mm. long. Stature and pubescence 
such as to remind one of Arenetra ventralis Cresson. Metapleura 
separated into two parts by an arcuate carina, juxta-coxal area there- 
fore defined. Scape rather discus shaped. Areola in outline nearly 
as in Barichneumon as figured by Morley,* but more rounded ante- 
riorly. Ninth to fourteenth joints of flagel more or less yellowish on 
one side, meso and meta pleura maculated with yellow. 

Type.—Cat. No. 12701, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.—Wisconsin. Reared by H. E. Burke from a 
Liparid on Pinus (Hopkins U.S. 8389 d'). 

This may prove to be the presumably undescribed male of J. 
otiosus Say. 


Named for H. E. Burke. 


a}ch. Brit. Ichneumoninz, 1903, p. 41. 


A NEW CARNIVORE FROM CHINA. 


. By Gerrit S. MILter, Jr., 


Curator, Division of Mammals, U.S. National Museum. 


Among some mammals collected by Mr. Arthur de C. Sowerby in 
northwestern China and the Ordos Desert are two skins of a spotted 
polecat readily distinguishable from the western Vormela® pere- 
gusna” by a peculiar inversion of the color pattern of back. Reeard- 
ing the history of the specimens Mr. Sowerby writes: ‘The larger 
skin was brought to me in a very poor condition. The skull was miss- 
ing, as were also the leg bones, while the tail was torn in two, and 
one eye was torn. I offered large rewards for a complete specimen, 
but though several Mongols and Chinese were induced to enter the 
Ordos in search of them, I obtained nothing more than a small dry 
skin which accompanies the above-mentioned specimen. From 
what I could gather the animal is not at all common. It frequents 
spots where trees exist, and climbs freely. The Chinese name 
‘Ma-nai-ho’ would also signify this fact, the last syllable ‘ho’ mean- 
ing monkey or ape. They are sometimes caught in traps set for 
foxes. Their skin, however, has no market value. They are very 
savage when caught. The above facts were given and confirmed 
repeatedly by natives who had traded in the Ordos.” 


VORMELA NEGANS, new species. 
Plate 17. 


Ty pe-specimen.—Adult male (skin only), Cat. No. 155001, U.S.N.M. 
Taken by natives in the Ordos Desert about 100 miles north of 
Yu-ling-fu, Shensi, China. Original No. 92. 








a 1884. W. Blasius, Ber. Naturf. Ges. Bemberg, vol. 13, p. 9. Distinguished from 
the true polecats by the presence of a well-developed metaconid in lower carnassial 
and by the contact of hamular process with audital bulla. 

61770. Peregusna, nova Mustelx species, Guldenstaedt, Nov. Comm. Akad. Imp. 
Petrop., vol. 14, p. 441 (Banks of the River Don, southern Russia). 

1771. Mustela sarmatica Pallas, Reise Russ. Reichs, vol. 1, append., p. 453 (near 
mouth of the Yolga, southern Russia). 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1755. 
Proc.N.M.vol.38—10——25 385 


886 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 





Diagnosis.—Like Vormela peregusna but light markings paler and 
more extensive, those on posterior half of back confluent, so that 
this region is yellow mottled with brown instead of brown mottled 
with yellow; underparts, forelegs, and inner surface of hindlegs 
black instead of dark brown. 

Measurements.—Type (from skin, apparently not much stretched): 
Head and body, 340 mm.; tail, 210. 

Specimens examined.—Two, both from the Ordos Desert. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 





1 2 


1. VORMELA NEGANS, TYPE. ORDOS DESERT. -2. VORMELA PEREGUSNA. 
DOBRUDSCHA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 385. 


17 





1 et! Fee oe : , a, An i. /B-e_*, 2. ete er” te Cd) a a ed | 


a ae ee 
7 he 


E 


[SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE PHILIPPINE CRUISE OF THE FISHERIES 
STEAMER “ALBATROSS,” 1907-10.—No. 5.] 


-PROISOCRINUS, A NEW GENUS OF RECENT CRINOIDS. 


By Austin Hoparr Ciarx, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U.S. National Museum. 


. The work of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross among 
the Philippine Islands has just brought to light one of the most 


interesting species of recent stalked crinoids yet discovered. It 


is not certain whether the new genus which it represents should 
be referred to the Apiocrinide or to the Pentacrinitide; the general 
structure of the calyx and arm bases is that of Bathycrinus; of the 
arms and pinnules that of the Pentacrinitide; of the proximal part 
of the stem that of the Pentacrinitidee, but of most of the stem that 
of Calamocrinus. Its resemblance to certain species of Millericrinus, 
in particular to M. nodotianus, is undoubtedly more than super- 
ficial, and it is quite possible that it should be considered as con- 
generic with them. In general terms it may be said to hold exactly 


the same relation to the Pentacrinitide as Thiolliericrinus does to 


the Comatulida. 

The height of this new form without the root is somewhat over 
40 inches, so that it is much the tallest recent fixed crinoid yet dis- 
covered. Its color is a vivid scarlet, midway between the purple or 
ereen of the Pentacrinitide and the yellow of the Apiocrinide and 
Bourgueticrinide in significance. 

The new genus may be known as 


PROISOCRINUS, new genus. 


The characters of this genus are included with those of the single 
species which it contains. 
Genoty pe.—Proisocrinus ruberrimus, new species. 
PROISOCRINUS RUBERRIMUS, new species. 


The stem is 843 mm. in length,’ and contains 442 columnars; 
it is broken at the base, but was undoubtedly firmly fixed by a 
large root, probably like that of Phrynocrinus or Calamocrinus. 

The upper part of the stem (fig. 1) is 6 mm. in diameter; it is com- 
posed of pentalobate columnars, generally alternating in size, but 


@ The total length of the entire animal is 1 meter, 18 millimeters. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1756. 





387 


388 


| 


Si 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


rir, 


5 
Sey 
CES 

Ph 


ra 


“I 


AS 
TY 






3 
Q 
Ly 

Yl A By 


wy 
1 
SSS 


OCI TI 
x 
uae ATATIT 
rhtyt 


CU 
SK 


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id 





a 


lil 


ei 


i 


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Fic. 1.—PROISOCRINUS RUBERRIMUS; 
CROWN AND UPPER PART OF COLUMN; 


FROM THE TYPE. 


rN 
roth 


ie 
4 


L) 
Pettis 


f 


towing intercalated columnars in all stages of growth, and at intervals — 


a large nodal bearing five cirri. The 
interval between these nodals rapidly 
increases as a result of extensive in- 
tercalation of new columnars; correla- 
tively the nodals progressively lose their 
individuality (fig. 2), the cirri, which 
are never more than rudimentary, drop 
off, and the nodals become indistin- 
cuishable from the other segments. 
The ten internodes possess the follow- 
ing numbers of columnars, the first 
being that just beneath the basals: 1 
(intercalated), 1 (intercalated), 3 (2 
intercalated), 4 (3 intercalated), 5, 8, 
14, 25 (there are no cirri at this nodal 
and the cirrus sockets are partially 
obliterated), 38 (all of the same size; 
the difference between this nodal and 
the internodals above it is not great; 
the cirrus sockets are indistinct); 38 
(all of the same size; the nodal is 
searcely distinguishable from the co- 
lumnars on either side of it, and the 
cirrus sockets can only just be made 
out); this last nodal is 151 mm. from 
the crown (fig. 2); below this point 
the stem is cylindrical, 5 mm. in 
diameter (having decreased in diam- 
eter very gradually as the segments 
lost their pentalobate outline), each 
segment being 1.5 mm. high, and 
all of equal size; the ends show a 
depressed central area surrounded by 
a rim about 1.5 mm. broad with 15 
coarse radial crenelle (fig. 3); distally 
the stem very slowly increases in diam- 
eter, the broken end beimg 11 mm. 
across; the last few columnars are 3.5 
to 4mm.in height. As the distalmost 
part of the stem enlarges with slightly 
ereater rapidity than the remainder, 
the stem was undoubtedly broken off 
close to the root. The cirri are all 


broken; but they appear never to have exceeded 5 mm. in length. 


No. 1756. A NEW GENUS OF RECENT CRINGIDS—CLARK. 389 


Basals 5, equal in size, broadly pentagonal, 3.6 mm. broad and 
) 4 ¢ ) 


3.7 mm. high, the anterior apex forming an 
angle of about 120° (fig. 1); the basal circlet has 
a diameter of about 6.4 mm.; its outer sides 
are parallel with the dorso-ventral axis of the 
animal. 

Radials large, trapezoidal, the dorsal surface 
7.5 mm. long and 9 mm. in maximum (distal) 
width; the outer sides of the radial circlet make 
an angle of about 45° with the dorso-ventral 
axis of the animal. 

The primibrachs are very closely united, ap- 
parently by syzygy; the first primibrach occu- 
ples proximally the entire distal border of the 
radials; it is approximately oblong, with moder- 
ately concave distal and convex proximal edges, 
and straight lateral edges which are entirely free, 
but are in close apposition with those of the neigh- 
boring first primibrachs, and are sharply flattened. 
The median length is:3.7 mm., the lateral length 
3.5 mm.; the second primibrach (axillary) is con- 
siderably smaller than the first, butof equal width ; 
it is 3.3 mm. in median and 2 mm. in lateral 
length; the anterior angle is rather obtuse; the 
outer edges of the primibrachs are parallel with 
the dorso-ventral axis of the animal. 

The secundibrachs are two in number, united 
by syzygy like the primibrachs; the first is much 
larger than the second, and is in close apposition 
with its fellow interiorly, though not united 
to it. 

The twenty arms are 155 mm. long, moderately 
slender; the first brachial is large, approximately 
square in external view; the second brachial is 
united to the first by syzygy; it is oblong, about 
twice as broad as long, and about one-half the 
size of the first; the following brachials are ap- 
proximately square, with concave sides and 
slightly projecting and spinous distal ends, be- 
coming longer than broad distally; the terminal 
ten or twelve brachials bear no pinnules. There 
are no brachial syzygies. 

The pinnules are not very different from those 
of the pentacrinites, but the lower segments 








FIG. 2.—PROISOCRINUS RU- 
BERRIMUS; PROXIMAL AND 
DISTAL PORTION OF COLUMN. 


have produced and strongly denticulate edges, this dying away 





390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. — VoL. 38. 


er adually i in the outer half of the pinnules: there are large covering 
plates, but no definite side plates. The pinnules are 17 or 18 mm. 
long in the middle and outer part of the arm, somewhat shorter 
proximally; the first pimnule is on the second pemeieae 

Color (in life).—‘‘ Brilliant uniform scarlet” 
(Ff. M. Chamberlain). . 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 24308, U.S.N.M., 
from Albatross station 5439. 

The genus Proisocrinus is most nearly related 
to Carpenterocrinus, a genus which I created not 
long ago for the reception of the curious species 
called by Carpenter Pentacrinus mollis. This 





Fic. 3.—ARTICULAR FACE t Bits : 
or 4 corumnar From Only known specimen being a mutilated calyx 


ea With a few columnars attached which is now in 

the British Museum. The characters which it 

presents appear to warrant generic differentiation from Proisocrinus 

ruberrimus, though undoubtedly the two are closely allied. It is 

interesting to note that both in Carpenterocrinus and Proisocrinus 
one of the rays is smaller than the other four. 


species is very imperfectly known, the type and ° 


tt ais 


DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW GENERA AND SIXTEEN 
NEW SPECIES OF MAMMALS FROM THE PHILIPPINE 
ISLANDS. : 


By Gerrit S. MILLER, Jr., 
Curator, Division of Mammals, U.S. National Museum. 


Of the sixteen new Philippine mammals described in this paper, 
thirteen are contained in a large collection made by Dr. Edgar A. 
Mearns during the years 1905 to 1907, and now in the United States 
National Museum. The three others form part of a collection sub- 
mitted to me for determination by the authorities of the Philippine 
Bureau of Science. 

CROCIDURA HALCONUS, new species. 


Ty pe-specomen.—Young adult female (skin and skull), Cat. No. 
144652, U.S.N.M. Collected on spur of main ridge of Mount Halcon, 
Mindoro (altitude 6,300 feet), November 18, 1906, by Dr. Edgar A. 
Mearns. Original number, 6316. . 

Diagnosis.—Like Crocidura grayi Dobson of Luzon, but with 
unicuspid teeth much more contrasted in size. 

Color.—Entire animal dark sepia, blackening on posterior half of 
back, the underparts tinged with broccoli-brown; feet and tail black- 
ish, the long hairs on tail a slightly contrasted brown. 

Skull.—The skull does not differ appreciably from that of Crocidura 
grayi, though the interorbital region seems inclined to be narrower 
and the braincase less deepened than in the Luzon animal. The size 
and general appearance of the skull is also very similar to that cf the 
European Crocidura russula; but the Philippine species are at once 
distinguishable from russula and its near allies by their greater depth 
of skull, a difference readily appreciable when the braincases are com- 
pared in posterior view. 

Teeth.—On comparison of specimens of Crocidura grayi and C. 
halconus with perfectly unworn teeth it is immediately seen that there 
is much more contrast in size among the upper unicuspids of the Min- 
doro animal. This appears to be due to a slight increase in the size of 
the first and a reduction in the size of the second, the third remaining 
unchanged. Though especially noticeable in lateral view, these pecul- 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1757. 
391 


392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








iarities are also appreciable in the outlines of the crowns. The large 
premolar and first molar also exceed the corresponding teeth in (. 
gray. 

Measurements —Type: Head and body 74 mm.; tail, 54; hinp 
foot (dry), 13; skull (teeth not worn), condylobasal length, 19.0; 
breadth of braincase, 9.0; depth of braincase at middle, 5.0; mandi- 
ble, 10.2; maxillary toothrow (entire), 8.8; mandibular toothrow 
(entire), 8.2. 

Specimens examined.—Four, all from the type-locality. 


CROCIDURA BEATUS, new species. 


Type-specimen.—Adult male (skin and skull), Cat. No. 144647, 
U.S.N.M. Collected on summit of Mount Bliss (altitude 5,750 feet), 
Mindanao, May 28, 1906, by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns. Original num- 
ber, 6173. 

Diagnosis.—Similar to Crocidura grayi and C. halconus, but color 
darker and skull slightly less robust. 

Color.—The elements of the color are the same as in Crocidura 
halconus, but the blackish suffusion on back is more extensive, in- 
volving nearly the entire dorsal surface. 

Skull and teeth—Except that it is less robust, a peculiarity not 
appreciable except on direct comparison, the skull resembles that 
of the other small Philippine Crociduras. The teeth in the type 
are somewhat injured, but they apparently resemble those of C. 
halconus. 








Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 77 mm.; tail, 55; hind 
foot (dry), 14.4; skull (teeth slightly worn), condylobasal length, 19.2; 
breadth of brainecase, 9.0; depth of braincase, 5.0; mandible, 10.4; 
maxillary toothrow (entire), 8.8; mandibular toothrow (entire), 8.2. 

Specumen examined.—The type. 


CROCIDURA MINDORUS, new species. 


Type-specimen.— Young adult male (skin and skull), Cat. No. 
144654, U.S.N.M. Collected on summit of main ridge of Mount 
Halcon (altitude 6,300 feet), Mindoro, November 19, 1906, by Dr. 
Edgar A. Mearns. Original number, 6321. 

Diagnosis.—Color and general appearance as in Crocidura grayi 
and its allies, but size noticeably greater; hind foot about 16 mm. in- 
stead of about 13 mm., condylobasal length of skull about 22 mm. 
instead of about 19 mm. 

Color.—The color so exactly resembles that of Crocidura haleonus 
and ©. grayi as to need no special description. The blackish suffu- 
sion on back is, however, apparently a little less evident than in C. 
halconus. 

Skull and teeth.—Though at once distinguishable by its conspicu- 
ously larger size the skull shows no peculiarities of form as compared 


iin 


No. 1757. NEW PHILIPPINE MAMMALS—MILLER. 393 


with that of C. grayi. Teeth essentially as in the smaller Philippine 
species, but second and third unicuspids more nearly equal in size, 
the discrepancy scarcely noticeable in side view, though the crown 
area is rather notably greater in third than in second. 

Measurements —Type: Head and body, 91 mm.; tail, 72; hind 
foot (dry) 16.4; skull (teeth slightly worn), condylobasal length, 21.6; 
breadth of braincase, 10.0; depth of braincase, 5.8; mandible, 12.0; 
maxillary toothrow (entire), 9.8; mandibular toothrow (entire), 9.0. 

Specimen examined.—The type. 


CROCIDURA GRANDIS, new species. 


Type-specomen.—Adult male (skin and skull), Cat. No. 144648, 
U.S.N.M. Collected on Grand Malindang Mountain, Mindanao (alti- 
tude, 6,100 feet), June 3, 1906, by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns. Original 
number, 6181. 

Diagnosis.—Like Crocidura mindorus but larger; hind foot 19.5 
(18.6), condylobasal length of skull about 23 mm. 

Color.—Though essentially like that of Crocidura mindorus the 
color differs from that of the other Philippine members of the genus 
in the presence of a slight but evident slaty tinge throughout the 
pelage. The exact shade is perhaps best described as intermediate 
between hair-brown and mouse-gray but darker than either; feet and 
tail an indefinite dark brown obviously different from the blackish of 
the same parts in the other species. 

Skull and teeth.—Aside from its larger size the skull resembles that 
of C. mindorus. Second unicuspid distinctly smaller than third. 
Teeth otherwise as in the related large species. 

Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 95 mm.; tail, 67; hind foot, 
18.6; skull (teeth slightly worn), condylobasal length, 23.0; breadth 
of braincase, 10.2; depth of braincase, 6.0; mandible, 12.8; maxillary 
toothrow (entire), 10.2; mandibular toothrow (entire), 9.4. 

Specimen examined.—The type. 


TUPAIA CUYONIS, new species. 


Type-specomen.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 26, P.B.S.  Col- 
lected on the Island of Cuyo, January 15, 1908, by R. C. McGregor 
and A. Celestino. 

Diagnosis.—In general like Tupaia méllendorffii Matschie, but under- 
parts a grizzled buffy-brown scarcely different from color of sides. 

Color.—Upperparts and sides a fine nearly uniform grizzle of black 
and buff, the shorter hairs slate-gray at base (5 mm.), then light buff 
(8 mm.), black (2 mm.), brownish buff (1 mm.), and black (the 
extreme tip), the longer hairs without the brownish-buff annulation, 
the general effect something between wood-brown and clay-color, 
with a greenish cast on back and shoulders and a tinge of russet on 
sides, flanks, and rump; face and crown with hairs shorter and more 


394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38, 


finely grizzled than those of neck; shoulder stripe ill-defined (in some 
specimens practically absent), light buff; underparts a brownish 
buff, tinged with ochraceous posteriorly and with dull cream buff on 
chest and throat, the slate-gray bases of the hairs appearing irregularly 
at surface and producing a slight grizzled. appearance so that the 
eeneral effect is not noticeably different from that of sides; feet 
slightly paler than back, the actual color an indefinite brownish buff; 
tail essentially like back above but more coarsely grizzled and slightly 
paler, the hair dark at extreme base and at tip, the median portion 
with four buff and three blackish annulations, below with median 
region a nearly clear brownish buff essentially like that of feet. 

Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth do not differ appreciably from 
those of Tupaia méllendorfi. As im the Culion animal the skull essen- 
tially resembles that of Tupaia ferruginea except for its smaller size, 
and the hypocone of m’ and m? tends to be less developed than in 
the larger species. 

Measurements—Type: Head and body, 154 mm.; tail, 166; hind 
feet (dry), 39.6; skull (teeth moderately worn), condylobasal length, 
43.0; zygomatic breadth, 24.4; breadth of braincase, 17.8; mandible, 
31.0; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 23.6; mandibular toothrow 
(alveoli), 19.4. Average and extremes of nine adults: Head and 
body, 156.4 (145-166) ; tail; 163.3 (152-175) ; hind foot, 39.9(39-40.6). 

Specimens examined.—Nine, all from the island of Cuyo. 

PTEROPUS PUMILUS, new species. 


Type-specimen.—Adult male, teeth slightly worn (skin and skull). 
Cat. No. 144758, U.S.N.M. Collected on Palmas Island, southeast of 
Mindanao, January 21, 1906. Origimal number, 6019. 

Diagnosis.—Essentially like P. speciosus Andersen, from Malanipa 
Island off the southwest point of Mindanao, but with smaller skull, 
feet, and claws. 

Color.—Body hair-brown or broccoli-brown, the back irregularly 
suffused with dull, light buff, the underparts tinged with ochraceous; 
mantle and head dull buff, the middle of neck both above and below 
strongly suffused with light ochraceous; face, chin, and interramia 
inconspicuously sprinkled with dark-brown hairs. 

Skull and teeth—Aside from their smaller size the skull and teeth 
agree with those of Pteropus speciosus. 

Measurements.—Type: Forearm, 109 mm.; third finger, 199; skull 
(teeth slightly worn); condylobasal length, 49.8 (56.6) ;*zygomatic 
breadth, 29.6 (30.0); mastoid breadth, 16.6 (19.0); breadth of brain- 
ease, 19.6 (20.4); postorbital constriction, 7.8 (7.6); interorbital 
constriction, 7.2 (7.2); depth of brainecase at middle, 17.8 (19.2); 

«Cranial measurements in parentheses are those of an adult female topotype of P 
speciosus (teeth moderately worn), Cat. No. 144743, U.S.N.M. 





tect tate ie 


No. 1757. NEW PHILIPPINE MAMMALS—WILLER. 395 


mandible, 39.2 (45.2); maxillary toothrow (exclusive of incisors), 
18.2 (21.2); mandibular toothrow (exclusive of incisors), 21.0 (23.8). 
Specimens examined.—Two, both from Palmas Island. 


CHILOPHYLLA, new genus (Hipposideridee). 


Type.—Chilophylla hirsuta, new species. 

Characters.—Noseleaf consisting of an ill-differentiated horseshoe 
and lancet, the former produced anteriorly as a pair of conspicuous 
lappets separated by a deep median sinus and projecting noticeably 
beyond margin of upper lip, each lobe formed largely by an elongated 
supplemental leaflet which continues forward the outline of the 
obliquely truncate horseshoe proper; the upper lip very low, much 
less noticeable than lappets, with small upright median process and 
_ two ill-defined cross-flutings; nostril at inner border of a pit, the raised 
edges of which form a somewhat diamond-shaped figure; a freely pro- 
jecting ligulate process at outer corner of diamond; a projecting wart 
within pit directly over opening of nostril; space between nostrils occu- 
pied by a freely projecting, somewhat bilobate process, rather broader 
than high (faintly suggesting a rudimentary ‘‘sella’’ without connect- 
ing process) ; below this process js another, somewhat smaller and deeply 
bilobate, each lobe connected by a ridge with mner edge of correspond- 
ing lappet of horseshoe; a low slightly curved ridge above nostril at a 
distance about equal to vertical diameter of diamond; outer extrem- 
ity of this ridge approaching, but not actually reaching, a wart-like 
excrescence situated near margin of horseshoe; ear very large, the 
inferior lobe greatly developed and producing a funnel-like general 
form, the substance of ear everywhere thin and pellucid, with no 
trace of ridges in region of meatus. Thumb with metacarpal about 
one-fourth as long as that of third finger, the phalanges and claw 
short, their combined length only about one-third that of metacarpal; 
leg and foot slender, but with no special peculiarities of form; calear 
reduced to a mere tubercle; wing membrane inserted at ankle; ante- 
brachial membrane extending outward as a broad fold to include 
entire metacarpal of thumb, its width so great as to form a conspicuous 
pouch at bases of metacarpals; interfemoral membrane narrow, 
barely extending to rudimentary calcar; tail very short, its length 
about half that of femur. Skeletal and dental characters not known. 


CHILOPHYLLA HIRSUTA, new species. 
Plate 18. 


Type-specimen.—Adult female (skin only 2), Cat: No. 144821, 
U.S.N.M. Collected on Alag River opposite mouth of Egbert River, 


a@'The entire body was preserved in alcohol but I have thus far been unable to find 
it among Doctor Mearns’ Philippine specimens. 





8396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 
Mindoro, December 2, 1906, by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns. Original 
number, 6337. 


Diagnosis.—A small, delicately formed bat with very large, funnel-: 
shaped ears and unusually long soft fur; noseleaf inconspicuous 
except for the two lappets projecting over upper lip, its median 
portion essentially bare, its margins densely haired, especially at 
sides; general color light brown. : 

External characters.—The more important external characters 
have been described in the account of the genus. Fur long and loose, 
the hairs at middle of back about 11 mm. in length, those on belly 
about 7 mm. in length. On wing membranes the fur extends to a 
line joining middle of humerus with basal third of femur. Ear 
thickly sprinkled en beth surfaces with loosely spreading hairs, 
those along inner border about 4 mm. in length. Hairs on edge of 
noseleaf and on neighboring portion of muzzle radiating stiffly out- 
ward, the longest, near middie of noseleaf, about 5 mm. in length. 

Color.—Entire animal a uniform light brown, between the wood 
brown and fawn color of Ridgway, the middle of belly faintly tinged 
with light buff at tips of hairs; under color very dark brown with a 
slaty tinge; ears translucent light brown; membranes an indefinite 
dark brown. 

Measurements.—Head and body, 33 mm.; tail, 7; femur, 14.2; 
tibia, 13.6; foot, 6.4; forearm, 33.8; thumb, 8.2, its metacarpal, 6.2; 
second finger, 32; third finger: metacarpal, 24.2, first phalanx, 6.2, 
second phalanx, 22; fourth finger: metacarpal, 25.4, first phalanx, 
7.8, second phalanx, 8.6; fifth finger: metacarpal, 27.4, first phalanx, 
8.4, second phalanx, 10.2; ear from meatus, 12; ear from crown, 10; 
ear from extreme lower margin, 16; greatest width of ear, 11.6; 
ereatest length of noseleaf, 8.2; greatest width of horseshoe, 5.2; 
height of lancet above muzzle, 2.2; length of free portion of lappet, 2. 

Specimen examined.—The type. 


TAPHOZOUS PLUTO, new species. 


Ty pe-specimen.—Adult female (skin and skull), Cat. No. 144812, 
U.S.N.M. Collected at Mercedes, 9 miles east of Zamboanga, 
Mindanao, March 28, 1906, by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns. Original 
number, 6054. 

Dnagnosis.—Similar to Taphozous saccolaimus Temminck of Java, 
but smaller; adult female; forearm 69 to 72 mm. instead of 74 to 
76 mm., condylobasal length of skull about 21 mm. instead of 
about 23 mm. 

Measurements.—Type: Forearm, 71.4 mm.; third finger, 116; 
fifth finger, 67; tibia, 25.5; foot 17.3; skull, condylobasal length (to 
front of alveoluswof canine) 21.2 (23.0);% zygomatic breadth, 15.8 


«Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult female Taphozous saccolaimus 
from Buitzenzorg, Java (Cat. No. 154609, U.S.N.M.). 


NO. 1757. NEW PHILIPPINE MAMMALS—MILLER. 397 





(16.8); mastoid breadth, 13.2 (14.0); breadth of brain case, 11.0 (11.2): 
postorbital constriction, 5.0 (5.0); interorbital constriction, 8.0 (8.8); 
mandible, 18.6 (19.8); maxillary tooth row, 10.6 (11.2); mandibular 
tooth row 12.0 (12.8). 

Specimens examined.—Three, one from Mindanao, the others from 
Pandon, Albay, Luzon (collected by D. B. Mackie). 


EPIMYS TYRANNUS, new species. 
Plate 19. 


Type-specimen.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 8, P. B. S., 
Ticao, May 15,1902. R.C. McGregor and A. Celestino, collectors. 
Diagnosis.—Size essentially as in Epimys imperator Thomas, of the 
Solomon Islands, the largest known member of the genus, but skull 
not differing conspicuously from that of Hpimys norvegicus in form. 
External character.—General external form, including size of ear, 
relative lengths of tail and head and body, lengths of palm and sole, 
of digits, and claws, about as in Hpimys norvegicus. Tail essentially 
naked, sparsely sprinkled with stiff hairs about 2 mm. in length 
which nowhere form any approach to a hairy covering; annulations 
well defined, about 7 to the centimeter at middle of tail, their distal 
margins closely appressed. Palm and sole naked, the tubercles 
essentially as in Lpimys norvegicus, but slightly larger in proportion 
to area of region which they occupy; a small but well-developed sec- 
ondary wart at outer side of the plantar tubercle at base of both first 
and fifth toes; postero-external plantar tubercle long, its greatest 
diameter about 24 times that of sixth. Fur coarse, harsh, and stiff, 
though nowhere actually spinous; the underfur thin, the longer hairs 
for the most part slender grooved bristles, those of middle of back 
about 15 mm. in length; rump and lumbar region with rather con- 
spicuous growth of coarse terete hairs about 60 to 75 mm. long. 
Color.—Whole animal a dull indefinite brown somewhat interme- 
diate between the wood brown and broccoli brown of Ridgway, the 
median dorsal region from between eyes to base of tail with a darker 
tinge (about Mars brown), the sides of shoulders suffused with drab, 
the underparts tinged with dull buff; a faintly indicated dark area 
around eyes; cheeks and muzzle duil fawn color; whiskers black in 
rather noticeable contrast; feet a dull, indefinite brown not contrast- 
ing with body; tail blackish through basal half, then whitish to tip. 
Skull.—Except for its much greater size the skull does not differ 
conspicuously from that of Epimys norvegicus. Supraorbital bead 
well developed, perhaps relatively higher than in Epimys norvegicus, 
continued backward as a conspicuous lateral ridge along side of 
brain case to outer margin of interparietal, where it joins lambdoid 
crest; lateral ridges converging posteriorly, the distance between 
them at point of crossing suture between frontal and parietal greater 


398 PROCEEDINGS OF THH NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 


than that at outer benign lee interparietal, a condition the reverse 
of that in Epimys norvegicus. Suture between premaxillary and max- 
illary relatively further forward in front of antorbital foramen than 
in Epimys norvegicus. 

Teeth.—The teeth in the only known specimen are slightly too 
worn to show the exact details of the enamel folding. In general they 
appear to represent a stage of reduction of the outer side of upper 
molars corresponding to that of Epimys rattus. Fourth tubercle in 
both m! and m? with distinct outer reentrant angle. 

_Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 310 mm.; tail, 270; hind 
foot (dry), 57 (53.6); skull, condylobasal length, 6 62. 2; nasal, 28.0; 
diastema, 19.6; zygomatic breadth, 31.0; mastoid breadth, 24.2; 
greatest breadth across lateral ridges, 16.8; breadth across lateral 
ridges posteriorly, 12.8; interorbital constriction, 9.6; depth of brain- 
case at middie, 15.8; least depth of rostrum behind incisors, 12.4; 
mandible, 38.8; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 11.0; mandibular 
toothrow (alveoli), 10.0. 

Specimen examined.—The type. 

Remarks.—This rat conspic uously exceeds the ees hitherto 
known Philippine species in size. In this respect it can only be com- 
pared with Epimys imperator of the Solomon Islands; but it shares 
none of the peculiar cranial character of the latter. 


EPIMYS GALA, new species. 


Ty pe-specumen.—Adult male (skin and skull), Cat. No. 144633, 
US.N.M. Collected on the Alag River, Mindoro, November 30, 1906, 
by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 6334. 

Diagnosis.—A dark local form of the Epimys everetti group; color 
of underparts not conspicuously contrasted with that of sides; feet 
blackish. Skull and teeth essentially as in Epimys everetti, but 
audital bullz smaller and molars larger. 

Color.—Back and sides a coarse grizzle of black and dull, light 
ochraceous-buff, the lighter color in excess everywhere except on 
rump; shoulders with a slight grayish tinge; sides, cheeks, and outer 
surface of legs somewhat lighter than back; underparts dull ochra- 
ceous-buff, not conspicuously contrasted with sides, the line of 
demarcation scarcely indicated; feet blackish brown, in noticeable 
contrast with legs; tail blackish through somewhat less than basal 
half, the distal portion yellowish. 

Skull and teeth.—In all general features the skull agrees with that 
of Epimys everetti, but the audital bulla is noticeably smaller, its lon- 
vitudinal diameter decidedly less than distance between bases of 
paroccipital processes. Teeth more robust than in the Luzon animal, 
the width of m* equal to fully three-quarters the least distance 
between tooth rows. 


é 


r 


No. 1757. NEW PHILIPPINE MAMMALS—MILLER. 399 











Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 209 mm.; tail, 241; hind 
foot (dry), 43.4; skull, condylobasal length, 48.0; zygomatic breadth, 
24.8; interorbital constriction, 7.4; breadth of brain case over roots of 
zygomata, 19.0; depth of brain case at middle, 14.6; nasal, 20.4; dias- 
tema, 14.2; mandible, 31.2; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 9.6; man- 
dibular toothrow (alveoli), 9.4. 

Specimens examined.—Two, the type and a half-grown individual, 
both from the Alag River. 


TRYPHOMYS, new genus (Muride). 


Type.— Tryphomys adustus, new species. 

Characters.—External form murine, the tail about as long as bodv 
without head; hind foot with outer digits so reduced that neither 
extends beyond level of base of three median digits; fur of back 
coarse and harsh, the tips of the shorter hairs tending to curve for- 
ward, giving the pelage a peculiar scorched aspect; skull rather short 
and broad, with widely spreading zygomata and unusually large 
antorbital foramina; outer alveolar wall swollen into a noticeable 
protuberance at level of m?; bony palate terminating in a broad median 
ridge bounded by lateral vacuities, the resulting form superficially 
like that of the same region in certain Microtine genera; teeth robust, 
their structure apparently not differing widely from those of Epimys. 


TRYPHOMYS ADUSTUS, new species. 
Plate 20. 


Type-specimen.—Old female (skin and skull) Cat. No. 151511, 
U.S.N.M. Collected at Haights-in-the-Oaks, Benguet, Luzon, July 
26, 1907, by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 6457. 

Diagnosis.—Size medium; form robust; tail about as long as body 
without head, coarsely and conspicuously ringed (8 rings to the centi- 
meter at middle); thumb with a small, appressed nail; sole’ naked 
throughout, the five tubercles well developed, the fifth large; inner 
toe extending to base of three middle digits, the outer toe about to 

middle of inner; claws well developed, those on hind foot the largest; 
general color coarsely grizzled yellowish brown above, buffy gray 

_ below; tail uniform dark brown; mamme, p. 2-2, v. 1-1, i 2-2= 10. 
Color.—Back and sides a coarse grizzle of wood-brown and black, 
the brown everywhere in excess, particularly on sides, where the 
black merely produces a slight effect of “lining; median dorsal region 
abruptly more grizzled than sides, the recurved hairs showing an 
evident grayish cast in certain lights; bases of hairs slate-gray streaked 
by the lighter gray of the very slender grooved bristles; head and face 
essentially like back but with grayish cast somewhat more evident; 
- underparts and cheeks buffy white dulled by the slate-gray under 


ee --- 


400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








colon | the general effect a yellowish smoke-gray ; line of demarcation 
rather evident; feet like underparts but with a decided tinge of broe- 
coli-brown; tail uniform dark brown, the minute hairs with which it 
is sprinkled brownish or silvery according to light. 

Skull.—The skull is robust and heavily built, its size and general 
outline when viewed from above much as in Thomas’s figure of Car- 
pomys pheurus,* but zygomata less widely spreading, outer wall of 
antorbital foramen so greatly developed that orifice is more conspicu- 
ous in dorsal view than when skull is seen from in front; margin of 
interorbital region conspicuously but narrowly beaded, the ridge con- 
tinued backward to about middle of parietal, where it abruptly dis- 
appears. In lateral view the resemblance to Carpomys pheurus 1s 
less evident, as the depth at anterior base of zygoma is relatively much 
greater, so that the dorsal profile is evenly convex; the very wide outer 
wall of antorbital foramen is also conspicuous in this view; lower por- 
tion of anterior border of this plate vertical, upper portion strongly 
convex. Palate much narrower between anterior molars than pos- 
teriorly; incisive foramine long and narrow, their hinder border 
extending to level of anterior root of m*‘; posterior border of palate 
at level of posterior margin of alveoli, its median region partly isolated 
by two lateral perforations, the resulting form superficially resem- 
bling that in certain Microtine; audital bulle moderate, evenly 
inflated. Mandible deep and short, the coronoid process rising 
noticeably above condyle. 

Teeth.—The teeth in the single known specimen are too worn to 
show the details of enamel folding. Apparently they do not differ 
essentially from those of members of the Epimys rattus group. Upper 
tooth rows strongly converging anteriorly. 

Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 174 mm.; tail, 150; hind 
foot (dry), 33; skull, condylobasal length, 37.2; zygomatic breadth, 
20.4; interorbital constriction, 5.2; manstaid breadth, 15.0; depth of 
brain case at middle, 13.0; nasal, 15.2; diastema, 10.4; mandible, 24.0; 
maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 7.6; mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 7.6. 


BATOMYS DENTATUS, new species. 
Plate 20. 


Type-specimen.—Adult male (skin and skull) Cat. No. 151506, 
US.N.M. Collected at Haights-in-the-Oaks, Benguet, Luzon (alti- 
tude 7,000 feet), July 31, 1907, by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns. Original 
number 6484. 

Diagnosis.—Size and general appearance as in Batomys grants 
nha but under parts more buffy and terminal half of tail white; 
no bare area around eye; skull with much deeper brain case than in 
the related species; crowns of upper molars fully as wide as palate. 





a rience. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 14, ol. 26, fig. 7 


NO. 1757 NEW PHILIPPINE MAMMALS—MILLER. 401 


External characters.—General external features agreeing with the 
description and figure of Batomys granti, except that the region 
immediately surrounding eye is normally furred, and the hairy cover- 
ing of tail is so thin that the annulations are plainly visible (about 
12 to the centimeter at middle). 

Color.—Entire upper parts a uniform light-brown, slightly more 
yellow than the wood-brown of Ridgway, the face tinged with drab, 
the lumbar region and rump with russet, the entire area finely and 
inconspicuously varied by the blackish tips to the longer hairs and 
subterminal annulations on those of under fur; sides and flanks 
suffused with ochraceous buff, this color covering the entire under 
parts, except chin and throat, which are a pale cream-buff much 
darkened by the slate-gray under color; the general effect in this 
region a dull buffy drab; feet a dull buffy gray, the metapodials 
clouded with sepia; ears an indefinite dark brown; whiskers black; 

tail a uniform blackish brown through a little: more than basal half, 
then abruptly white to tip. 

Skull—The skull of Batomys dentatus is about the same size and 
general form as that of B. granti, the dorsal and ventral views agree- 
ing in all important characters with the figures published by Thomas.@ 
Tn lateral view, however, it differs conspicuously in the greater depth 
of brain case over front of parietals and the much more marked angle 
at which the posterior portion slopes toward the low occiput; depth 
at posterior margin of alveolar of m? contained about three times in 
condylobasal length instead of 34 times as in B. granti. 

Teeth.—The disproportionately large teeth of Batomys dentatus is 
the most conspicuous feature of ventral aspect of skull. The width 
of crowns slightly exceeds that of palate at its narrowest point, while 
the length of tooth row measured along alveoli exceeds distance from 
alveolus of m! to front of incisive foramen by about 1.5 mm. (in B. 
grant it falls short of anterior extremity of foramen by about the 
same distance). The teeth of the type of B. dentatus are less worn 
than those of the type of B. granti, but allowance being made for this 
fact, the enamel pattern seems to be alike in the two animals. The 
actual differences are as follows: m': second and third laminz com- 
pletely separated, each with a well defined reentrant angle on ante- 
rior margin, partly isolating a small inner tubercle, this angle rather 
better defined than that of first lamina as figured by Thomas; m?: 
antero-internal tubercle distinct, not indicated by an enamel island 
as in the figure of B. granti; second and third lamin separate and 
of essentially the same form as in the preceding tooth; m?: elements 
as in m? and equally distinct, but inner tubercles of second and third 
lamin less well defined (the reentrant angles shallower), and median 
lobe narrower; m, with three transverse lamine, the second and third 








a@Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 14, pl. 36, fig. 8. 
Proc.N.M.vol.38—10——26 


402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


completely separated, deeply bilobate from behind, the first smaller, 
simple, joined to second at middle; terete postero-median lobe dis- 
tinct, not forming an island as in the type of B. granti; m, essentially 
like m,, except for absence of anterior lamina; m, with two distinct 
lamine, the first like that of m,, the second elliptical in outline, with 
no indication of reentrant angle on posterior border. 

Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 195 mm.; tail, 185; hind 
foot (dry), 36; skull, condylobasal length, 42.2; zygomatic breadth, 
23.0: interorbital constriction, 6.0; mastoid breadth, 15.4; greatest 
depth of brain case, 12.4; nasal, 18.8; diastema, 12.2; mandible, 28.2; 
maxillary tooth row (alveoli), 9.6; mandibular tooth row (alveoli), 
9.8; width of crown of m!, 2.8; least width of bony palate, 2.8. 

‘Specimen examined.—The type. 

APOMYS BARDUS, new species. 

Type-specimen.—Adult male (skin and skull), Cat. No. 144582, 
U.S.N.M. Collected at summit of Mount Bliss, Mindanao (altitude 
5,750 feet) May 28, 1906, by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 
6166. 

Diagnosis.—Size and general appearance as in the forms inhabiting 
Mount Apo, but skull differing noticeably in the much narrower, 
less inflated brain case. 

Color—The color is so essentially like that of Apomys insignis 
Mearns” as to require no special description. 

Skull and teeth—In general form the skull is much as in Apomys 
insignis, but the brain case differs from that of all three of the forms 
described from Mount Apo in its narrower more elongated form, the 
greatest breadth contained about 24 times in upper length of skull 
instead of about 2} times or less. Teeth with no special peculiarities. 

Measurements —Type: Head and body, 113 mm.; tail, 162; hind 
foot (dry), 33. Average and extremes of six adults: Head and body, 
109 (98-118); tail, 156.3 (146-162); hind foot (dry), 31.4 (80-33). 
Skull of type (teeth moderately worn): Condylobasal length, 28.8; 
zygomatic breadth, 14.2; interorbital constriction, 4.8; breadth of 
brain case over roots of zygomata, 13.2; depth of brain case at mid- 
dle, 9.4; nasal, 11.8; diastema, 7.8; mandible, 16.8; maxillary tooth 
row (alveoli), 5.8; mandibular tooth row (alveoli), 5.2. 

Specimens examined.—Nine, all from the summit of Mount Bliss. 
Other specimens from Grand Malindang (9,000 feet) are probably 
referable to the same form. 

APOMYS MAJOR, new species. 

Type-specimen.—Adult female (skin and skull), Cat. No. 151513, 
U.S.N.M. Collected at Haights-in-the-Oaks, Benguet, Luzon (alti- 
tude 7,000 feet), August 2, 1907, by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns. Original 
number, 6531. 








aProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 459, May 13, 1905. 


Se 


NO. 1757. NEW PHILIPPINE MAMMALS—MILLER. 403 


Dagnosis.—Size noticeably greater than | in the Mindanao species 
(hind foot 32.2, condylobasal length of fully adult skull about 35 
mm.); underparts grayish instead of buffy. 

Color.—Upper parts wood-brown, a little darker than that of 
Ridgway, clearer and less dark on shoulders, cheeks, and sides of 
neck, darker and with a rusty tinge posteriorly; face and crown to 
between ears grayish though not in evident contrast; underparts 
pale smoke gray with a buffy cast, wrists and ankles hair-brown; 
forefeet dull whitish; hind feet whitish mixed with hair-brown; 
tail dusky throughout, lighter below than above 

Skull and teeth —Except for their noticeably greater size the skull 
and teeth do not differ appreciably from those of Apomys insignis. 

Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 143 mm.; tail, 144; hind 
foot (dry), 32.2; skull (teeth moderately worn), comes tahacel length, 
34.8; zygomatic breadth, 17.2; interorbital constriction, 6.0; breadth 
of brain case over roots of zygomata, 14.8; depth of brain case at 
middle, 10.0; nasal, 15.0; diastema, 10.2; mandible, 21.4; maxillary 
tooth row (alveoli), 6.2; mandibular tooth row (alveoli), 6.0. 

Specimens examined.—Four, all from the type-locality. 








APOMYS MUSCULUS, new species. 


Plate 19. 


Type-specimen.—Adult female (skin and skull), Cat. No. 145770, 
US.N.M. Collected at Camp John Hay, Baguio, Benguet, Luzon 
(altitude 5,000 feet), May 6, 1907, by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns. Original 
number, 6409. 

Diagnosis.—Size much less than in any of the other known species 
(hind foot about 20 mm., condylobasal length of skull about 22.5 mm.) ; 
color essentially as in the buff-bellied Mindanao forms. 

Color.—Entire body and head ochraceous-buff, clear and rather 
light on sides; cheeks and under parts tinged with ochraceous-rufous 
and slightly clouded with black above; face slightly grayish; feet 
buffy gray, not conspicuously different from underparts; tail ob- 
scurely bicolor, brownish above, whitish below. 

Skull and teeth.—Aside from its much smaller size the skull differs 
from that of other known members of the genus in its relatively 
somewhat larger and more globular brain case, more abruptly con- 
stricted interorbital region, and more nearly vertical anterior border 
of plate forming outer wall of infraorbital canal. Other features of 
skull strictly as in the larger species. The teeth show no peculiarities 
apart from their small size. 

Measurements —External measurements of type: Head and body, 
86 mm.; tail (imperfect), 89; hind foot (dry), 19.6. Young adult 
male from the type locality: Hind foot (dry), 21. Cranial measure- 
ments of type (teeth moderately worn): Condylobasal length, 22.6; 
zygomatic breadth, 13.0; interorbital constriction, 4.0; breadth of 





404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


brain case over roots of zygomata, 12.0; depth of brain case at middle, 
8.0; nasal, 9.0; diastema, 6.0; mandible, 13.8; maxillary tooth row 
(alveoli), 4.6; mandibular tooth row (alveoli), 4.2. 

Specimens examined.—Two, both from Baguio. 


TARSIUS FRATERCULUS, new species. 


Type-specimen.—Adult female (skin and skeleton) No. 94, P. B.S., 
Sevilla, Bohol, April 9, 1906. A. Celestino and M. Canton, collectors. 

Diagnosis.—Like Tarsius philippensis of Mindanao but smaller. 
Hind foot about 60 mm.; greatest length of skull about 38 mm. 

Color.—Upper parts, sides of body, and outer surface of limbs dull 
ochraceous buff, more yellowish posteriorly and on legs, more grayish 
anteriorly and on arms; the posterior half of back clouded with a 
slight irregular wash of dark brown; under color light slaty gray 
(about gray No. 6 of Ridgway); chin and throat essentially naked, 
the short, scant hairs dull buffy gray; chest and belly slaty gray, 
washed with dull buff anteriorly and with pale cream-buff posteriorly ; 
pubic region and inner surface of thighs clear buff; tail blackish, the 
hairs on terminal third mixed brownish and buffy; ears ight brown 
at base, blackening distally. 

Skull and teeth.—Except for their uniformly smaller size the skull 
and teeth resemble those of 7. philippensis. 

Measurements.—Type (from skeleton): Head and body, 120 mm.; 
tail vertebrae, 210; hind foot, 60+. A second specimen (also female) 
from the type-locality: Hind foot (dry), 61. Cranial measurements 
of the two specimens (those of type first): Greatest length, 38.0, 38.0 
(39.8) ;* condylobasal length, 30.5, 30.8 (82.4); zygomatic breadth, 
26.5, 27.2 (27.4); greatest orbital breadth, 31.2, 31.6 (33.4); least 
interorbital breadth, 1.5, 1.8 (1.8); breadth of brain case over roots 
of zygomata, 21.9, 22.3 (23.0); depth of brain case at middle, 16.0, 15.3 
(17.6); breadth of rostrum over roots of canines, 6.6, 6.2 (6.4); man- 
dible, 25.0, 24.9 (26.4); maxillary tooth row (entire), 16.6, 16.5 (17.0); 
mandibular tooth row (entire), 13.8, 13.9 (15.4). 

Specimens.—Two from Bohol, both females, with teeth beginning 
to wear. 





a Measurements in parentheses are those of a female Tarsius philippensis of the same 
age, from Zamboanga, Mindanao (Cat. No. 144643, U.S.N.M.). 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 18 





CHILOPHYLLA HIRSUTA X 3, 





CHILOPHYLLA HIRSUTA. NOSELEAF GREATLY ENLARGED. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 395. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 28 PL. 19 





APOMYS MUSCULUS, TYPE. (NATURAL SIZE.) 





EPIMYS TYRANNUS, TYPE. (NATURAL SIZE.) 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 397 AND 403. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 20 





TRYPHOMYS ADUSTUS, TYPE. (NATURAL SIZE.) 





BATOMYS DENTATUS, TYPE. (NATURAL SIZE.) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 399 AND 400. 





NOTES ON THE MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA OF 
WOODS HOLE AND ADJACENT REGIONS, INCLUDING 
A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA OF THE HARPACTICOIDA. 


By Ricnarp W. Srarpe, 
Department of Biology, DeWitt Clinton High School, New York City. 


There are but few reports on the marine Entomostraca of the east- 
ern shores of North America. Thompson and Scott in 1897 pub- 
lished studies on some collections made in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 
and in 1900 Prof. W. M. Wheeler, now of Harvard University, made 
the first contribution of importance since the time of Dana. In 1906 
and 1907 Dr. L. W. Williams of the Harvard Medical School reported 
studies on species from the Narragansett Bay region of Rhode Island. 
In this report Doctor Williams lists twenty-six free swimming Cope- 
pods, while Wheeler records thirty from the Woods Hole region, and 
Thompson and Scott mention eight from the region about the mouth of 
the St. Lawrence. 

The notes herein recorded are taken from material brought together 
by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries schooner Grampus and from other 
collections mostly made in the littoral zones of the Woods Hole region, 
Little remains to be added in a paper of this sort to Wheeler’s report 
on the pelagic forms. 

It is perhaps unnecessary to add that these notes are at best very 
incomplete. They represent the partial results of a five weeks’ use 
of a table at the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries laboratory at Woods Hole, 
Massachusetts. 

A dichotomic synopsis of the genera of the Harpacticoida is inserted 
following the text, in the hope that it will prove useful in the study of 
these very minute and difficuit forms. Very little has been done along 
this line. Much of the data used is taken from Dr. G. O, Sars’ Crus- 
tacea of Norway, vol. 5, Harpacticoida. The writer herewith ex- 
presses his high esteem for Doctor Sars’ splendid work, without which 
the compilation of a synoptic table anywhere near up to date would 
have been an impracticable task. 

I also take much pleasure in expressing my sincere appreciation 
of the courtesies extended me by Dr. F. B. Sumner, director of the 
Woods Hole Station; and to Dr. F. A. Lueas, curator in chief, and Mr. 
EL. Morris, curator, department of natural science, and to Miss 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1758. | 
405 


406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Susan A. Hutchinson, curator of books, all of the museum staff of the 
Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. 

The following summary is an attempt to tabulate the list of known 
species of Copepoda and Cladocera for our northeastern shores. 


‘ 


SUMMARY OF SPECIES. 


Order COPEBPODA: 


Tribe GYMNOPLEA. 
1. Family CALANIDHE. 
1. Genus Calanus. 

1. C. finmarchicus (Gunnerus), Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island (Wil- 
liams); Vineyard Sound (Wheeler); station 345, Grampus; off Dela- 
ware Bay; Grampus stations 1, 325, 626, 528, 327, and Nantucket 
Sound. 

2. C. minor Claus, Gulf Stream, south of Marthas Vineyard, July 
(Wheeler). 

2. Genus Fucalanus. 

3. E. attenuatus Dana, Gulf Stream south of Marthas Vineyard, July 
(Wheeler). 

4. E. monachus Giesbrecht, Gulf Stream south of Marthas Vineyard, July 
(Wheeler). 

3. Genus Mecynocera. 

5. M. clausii 1. C. Thompson, Gulf Stream south of Marthas Vineyard, 

July (Wheeler). 
4. Genus Paracalanus. 
6. P. parvus Claus, Gulf Stream south of Marthas Vineyard, July 
(Wheeler). 
5. Genus Calocalanus. 
7. C. pavo Dana, Gulf Stream, as above (Wheeler). 
8. C. plumulosus Claus, Gulf Stream, as above (Wheeler). 
6. Genus Clausocalanus. 
9. C. arcuicornis Dana, Gulf Stream, as above (Wheeler). 
7. Genus Pseudocalanus. 
10. P. elongatus (Boeck), Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, February 
(Williams). 
8. Genus Huchaeta. 
Ll. EF. spinosa Giesbrecht, Sagamore Bay, Cape Cod, June. 
2. Family CENTROPAGIDA. 
9. Genus Centropages. 

12. CO. typicus Kroyer, Woods Hole, June to November; Nantucket and 
Vineyard sounds, Plymouth Harbor, Gulf Stream south of Marthas 
Vineyard (Wheeler). 

13. C. hamatus (Lilljeborg), Woods Hole (Wheeler); Narragansett Bay, 
Rhode Island, January and February (Williams). 

14. ©. bradyi Wheeler, Gulf Stream, south of Marthas Vineyard (Wheeler). 

10. Genus Temora. 

15. T. longicornis (Miller), Woods Hole, cooler months (Wheeler); Narra- 
gansett Bay, Rhode Island, all through the year (Williams). Com- 
mon. 

11. Genus Eurytemora. 

16. BE. herdmani Thompson and Scott, Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island 
(Williams); Woods Hole, August. 

17. EB. hirundoides (Nordquist), Woods Hole, August; Cuttyhunk, Massa- 
chusetts, July; Narragansett Bay (Williams). 


NO. 


1758. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—SHARPE. 407 


. Family CENTROPAGID#—Continued. 


18. E. americana Williams, Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. 
12. Genus Metridia. 
19. M. lucens Boeck, Woods Hole and Plymouth Harbor. 
13. Genus Pseudodiaptomus. 
20. P. coronatus Williams, Woods Hole, July and August; Sheepshead Bay, 
September; Narragansett Bay (Williams). 


. Family CANDACHD&. 


14. Genus Candacia. 
21. C. armata Boeck, Gulf Stream south of Marthas Vineyard (Wheeler). 


. Family PONTELLIDS. 


15. Genus Labidocera. 
22. L. xstiva Wheeler, Woods Hole at fisheries wharf (Wheeler). 
16. Genus Pontella. 
23. P. meadii Wheeler, Woods Hole, July (Wheeler). 
17. Genus Pontellopsis. 
24. P. regalis (Dana) Gulf Stream 70 miles south of Marthas Vineyard, July 
(Wheeler). 
18. Genus Anomalocera. 
25. A. patersoni Templeton, Gulf Stream 70 miles south of Marthas Vineyard 
(Wheeler); Woods Hole. 
19. Genus Acartia. 
26. A. tonsa Dana, Plymouth Harbor, Woods Hole, Gulf Stream south of 
Marthas Vineyard (Wheeler); Narragansett Bay (Williams); Jamaica 
Bay, New York. 
27. A.clausii Giesbrecht, Narragansett Bay, all through the year (Williams). 
20. Genus Tortanus. 
28. T. discaudatus (Thompson and Scott) Gulf of St. Lawrence (Thompson 
and Scott); Vineyard Sound; Woods Hole. 
29. T. setacaudatus Williams, Narragansett Bay, winter (Williams). 


Tribe PODOPLEA. 


. Family CYCLOPID. 


21. Genus Oithona. 
30. O. plumifera Baird, Gulf Stream south of Marthas Vineyard, July 
(Wheeler). 
31. O. similis Claus, Woods Hole at Fisheries wharf (Wheeler); Wickford, 
Rhode Island, summer (Williams). 


. Family HARPACTICID. 


22. Genus Microsetella. 
32. M. norvegica Boeck, Narragansett Bay, March (Williams). 
23. Genus Setella. 
33. S. gracilis Dana, Gulf Stream south of Marthas Vineyard, July (Wheeler), 
24. Genus Bradya. 
34. B. limicola, coast of Gulf of Mexico (Herrick). 
25. Genus Clytemnestra. 
35. C. rostrata Brady, Gulf Stream south of Marthas Vineyard, July (Wheeler), 
26. Genus Miracia. 
36. M. efferenta Dana, Gulf Stream south of Marthas Vineyard, July (Wheeler). 
27. Genus Harpacticus. 
37. H. chelifer (Miller), Charlestown Pond, July (Williams); Sheepshead 
Bay, New York, September; Hunters Island, New York, September; 
Little Harbor, Woods Hole, July. 
38. H. uniremis Kroyer, Narragansett Bay, February and April; Charlestown 
Pond, July (Williams). 


408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


4 
‘ 


10. 


Le 


13. 


14. 


15. 


| 


S 


Family E¢ OTINOSOMID A. 
28. Genus Ectinosoma. 
39. EF. curticorne Boeck, Wickford, and Charlestown Pond, Rhode Island, 
summer (Williams); brackish pond, Woods Hole, July. 
40. E. normani Thompson and Scott, Charlestown Pond, summer (Williams). 


- Family PELTIDIDA. 


29. Genus Alteutha. 
41. A. depressa Baird, Sheepshead Bay, New York, September; Woods Hole, 
August. 


9. Family TEGASTIDA. 


30. Genus Parategastes. 
42. P. sphexricus (Claus), Wickford and Charlestown Pond, Rhode Island 
(Williams). 
Family IDYIIDA. 
31. Genus Idya. 
43. I. furcata (Baird), Narragansett Bay, spring, common (Williams); Little 
Harbor, Woods Hole, July. 
Family THALESTRID. 
32. Genus Thalestris. 
44, T. gibba (Kroyer), Woods Hole, December, ‘‘Surface net” (Vinal N. 
Edwards). 
33. Genus Halithalestris. 
45. H. croni (Kroyer), Grampus station 528, July; alsostation 627, July; Cape 
Cod. 
34. Genus Dactylopusia. 
46. D. thisboides (Claus), Little Harbor, Woods Hole, July. 
47. D. vulgaris Sars, Wickford and Charlestown Pond, Rhode Island, Juty 
(Williams); Woods Hole, common. 


_ Family DIOSACCIDA. 


35. Genus Diosaccus. 
48. D. tenuicornis (Claus), Charlestown Pond, Rhode Island, July (Williams); 
Eel Pond, Woods Hole, August. 
Family LAOPHONTIDA. 
36. Genus Laophonte. 
49. L. longicaudata Boeck, Woods Hole, July. 
Family LICHOMOLGID. 
37. Genus Lichomolqus. 
50. L. fucicolus Brady, Wickford and Charlestown Pond, Rhode Island 
(Williams); Buzzard’s Bay, July. 
51. L. adherens Williams, Wickford, Rhode Island, under stones, between 
tides (Williams). 
52. L. major Williams, Wickford, Rhode Island, mantle cavities of Mya, 
Venus, and Mactra (Williams). 
Family TACHIDIIDA. 
38. Genus Tachidius. 
53. T. brevicornis (Miller), Charlestown Pond, Rhode Island (Williams); 
Jamaica Bay, New York, June. 
54. 7. littoralis Poppe, upper Narragansett Bay, May and April (Williams). 


;. Family ONCHIDA. 


39. Genus Oncea. 
55. O. venusta Philippi, Gulf Stream 60 miles south of Marthas Vineyard, July 
(Wheeler). 


No. 1758. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—SHARPE. 409 


17. Family CORYCHIDA. 
40. Genus Corycaus. 
56. C. elongatus Claus, Gulf Stream 70 miles south of Marthas Vineyard, July 
(Wheeler). 
57. C. carinatus Giesbrecht, as above (Wheeler). 
41. Genus Sapphirina. 
58. S. gemma Dana, Gulf Stream south of Marthas Vineyard, July (Wheeler). 
18. Family ILYOPSYLLID#. 
42. Genus Ilyopsyllus. 
59. I. sarsi Sharpe, harbors and brackish ponds, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. 
60. I. natans Williams, Wickford and Charlestown Pond, Rhode Island, sum- 
mer (Williams). 


Order CLADOCERA. 
Division GYMNOMERA. 
Tribe ONYCHOPODA. 
1. Family POLYPHEMIDS. 


1. Genus Podon. 
1. P. leuckarti (G. O. Sars), surface tows off Bureau of Fisheries wharf, Woods 
Hole, Massachusetts, July to November. 
2. Genus Hvadne. 
2. FE. nordmanni Lovén, Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, summer (Williams); 
surface tows off Bureau of Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 
August to November. 


ANNOTATED LIST. 
Order COPEPODA. 
Tribe GYMNOPLEA. 

Family CALANIDA. 
Genus CALANUS Leach, 1819. 


CALANUS FINMARCHICUS (Gunnerus). 


Calanus finmarchicus G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, Calanoida, vol. 4, 1903, 
p. 9, pls. 1, 2; 3, 22 figs. 


Length.—Female, 2.7 to 5.4 mm; male, 2.35 to 3.6 mm. 

Said to be our commonest North Atlantic and Arctic Copepod. 
Sars speaks of it as being ‘‘eagerly devoured by our common food 
fishes, as the herring and mackerel.’ Prof. Robert Collett states that 
it forms the almost exclusive food of one of the great whales, Balenop- 
tera borealis. 

Their great abundance in northern waters would seem to bear out 
the general rule that ‘‘the nearer the cold zone, the smaller the num- 
ber of species, but the larger the number of individuals of the species.”’ 


410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38, 


Common in tows from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island (Williams) ; 
Vineyard Sound off Gayhead (Wheeler); Bureau of Fisheries wharf, 
Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Also the following stations of the U.S. 
Fisheries schooner Grampus: 

Station 325, May 29, 1894, lat. 45° 47’ 30’’ N., long. 50° 57’ 45”” W. 

Station 327, May 29, 1894, lat. 45° 55’ 15’” N., long. 59° 35’ 00” W. 

Station 626, July 29, 1894, lat. 49° 43’ 30’’ N., long. 64° 24’ 00’” W. 

Station 528, June 28, 1895, lat. 42° 35’ 00’’ N., long. 70° 19’ 00’’ W. 

These stations were occupied while the Grampus was engaged in 
mackerel work, and are tow-net stations. 


Genus EUCHATA Philippi, 1852. 


EUCHATA SPINOSA Giesbrecht. 
Euchexta spinosa GiesBReEcHT, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von 
Neapel, etc., 1892, p. 246, 8 figs. 
Length.—Females, 6 mm.; males, unknown. 
Characters.—First antenna reaches slightly beyond 
the abdomen. Two terminal sete of the furea much 
longer than the others (fig. 1b). Outer branch of the 
second leg with a characteristically invaginated seg- 
ment (fig. 1a). 
Occurrence.—Surface collection off Nausett Beach, 


a 
Cape Cod, June. Also Grampus station 627, lat. 42° 7’ 


N., long. 70° 8’ W., just off the northern part of Cape 
Cod, July, 11 p. m. 

Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic, 
Pacific, and Indian oceans. 





b Family CENTROPAGID. 
Genus EURYTEMORA Giesbreecht, 1881. 

Fic. 1.—EuCcH &- EURYTEMORA HERDMANI Thompson and Scott. 

TA SPINOSA. a, , : 

SECOND FOOT X Eurytemora herdmani Tuompson and Scorrt, Proc. Liverpool 
150; 6, FURCA, Biol. Soc., vol. 12, 1897, p. 78, figs. 1, 8, 10.—G1ESBRECHT 
Bd dee %5 and Scumett, Das Tierreich, Dec. 1898, p. 103.—VAN BREE- 
(AFTER rIES- 7 ° ry ‘ € 
Sen > MEN, Nordisches Plankton, VIII, Copepoden, 1908, p. 100, 3 


figs. 


Length.—1.5 to 1.8 mm. 

Characters.—Last thoracic segment of female produced into large 
wing-like expansions. Genital segment of female with conspicuous 
lateral swellings, which are directed angularly backwards. 


No. 1758. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—SHARPE. 411 








First antenna about as long as the cephalothorax. Fifth feet of 
female apparently four-segmented, but consisting really of a two-seg- 
mented basal part and a two-segmented exopodite. First segment of 
exopodite long, narrow, with two strong outer marginal set, and 
with a long pointed projection of its inner edge, which is heavily armed 
with very short stout spines (fig. 2c). Ter- 
minal segment twice as long as broad. 
Fifth legs of male very similar to those 
of EF. velox. 

Remarks.—This species was first de- 
scribed from specimens collected in asso- 
ciation with E.affinis, in the St. Lawrence 
River, between Quebec and Rimouski. 
The only other report of its occurrence 
was made by Dr. L. W. Williams in 
1906, when he mentioned its presence in y,, 9 wynyremorA HERDMANI. a, 
tows made in Narragansett Bay, Rhode DORSAL VIEW OF FEMALE X 35; 5, FIFTH 
Island, near Wickford. Found very la dale 100; ¢, FIFTH FOOT 
sparingly by the writer in a surface tow 
made from the Bureau of Fisheries wharf. 
Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in August. 








EURYTEMORA HIRUNDOIDES (Nordquist). 


Temorella affinis, var. hirundoides Norpaquist, Die 
Calaniden Finlands, vol. 4, 1888, p. 48, figs. 5-11; 
vol. 5, fig. 5. 

Eurytemora affinis, var. hirundoides GIESBRECHT, 
Zool. Jahrb. Syst., vol. 9, 1896, p. 104. 

Eurytemora hirundoides G. O. Sars, Crustacea of 
Norway, vol. 4, Calanoida, 1903, p. 102.—Van 
BREEMEN, Nordisches Plankton, VIII, Cope- 
poden, 1908, p. 101, figs. a-d. 


Length.—0.8-1.15 mm. 
Characters—Somewhat like EF. affinis. 
b Lateral part of last thoracic segment of female 
; ‘ 7 5 2A0° ; . € 1 Qw > 
ee ay, ae, pointed. Genital segment of female swollen. 
powers. a, porsa, view or First antenna about as long as the cephalo- 
FEMALE; }, FIFTH FOOT OF FE- on 
ee thorax. 
Occurrence.—Rather sparsely found in 
brackish pools, Woods Hole, July; also in washings from sea-urchins, 
Cuttyhunk, July. 
Distribution.—Norwegian coast (Sars), Narragansett Bay and 
Charlestown Pond (Williams). 





AT PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Genus METRIDIA Boeck, 1864. 


METRIDIA LUCENS Boeck. 
= 

Paracalanus hibernicus Brapy and Roserrson, Ann. Mag. Nat.sHist. (4), vol. 
12, 1873;-p2 126- 

Metridia hibernica GirsBRrecut, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, vol. 19, 
1892, p. 340, figs. 2, 12, 16, 22, 28, 36, 39.— WHEELER, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., 
vol. 19, 1900, p. 176, figs. a-/. 

Metridia lucens Borcx, Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiania, 1864, p. 14——-GrEsBRECHT 
and Scumeit, Das Tierreich, Dec. 1898, p. 106.—G. O. Sars, Crustacea of 
Norway, vol. 4, Calanoida, 1903, p. 113. 


oe” 


Length.—Female, 2.45 to 2.85 mm.; male, 2 mm. 

Occurrence.-—Found in tow at Plymouth Harbor, August, and at 
Woods Hole, December (Wheeler). 

Distribution.—Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic and Pacific 
oceans; Gulf of Suez. 


Genus PSEUDODIAPTOMUS Herrick, 1884. 
PSEUDODIAPTOMUS CORONATUS Williams. 


Pseudodiaptomus coronatus WiL1AMs, Amer. Nat., vol. 40, 1906, p. 641, figs. 1-7. 


Length.—Female, about 1.5 mm.; male, 1.2 mm. 

Characters Abdomen of male, five-segmented; of female, four- 
segmented. First segment of abdomen of female much swollen and 
with many spines and bristles arranged in irregular patches, and with 
a pair of small spatulate flaps extending 
over the genital orifice. Left side of sec- 
ond segment of abdomen has a small de- 
pression filled with coarse bristles. Fifth 
legs of female (fig. 4a) four-segmented, 
with heavy terminal claws; of male, as in. 
fig. 4. 

The females are commonly with two 
egg-sacs, the right one usually the smaller — 
of the two, and containing an average of 
sai pts Batt: Hy coe SN ee but two eggs. Occasionally the egg sacs 

TUS. @, FIFTH Foot oF FrMaLE x a©e about equal in size, and one female was 
175; b, FIFTH FooT oF MALE X 150 found in Eel Pond, Woods Hole, with but 
(AFTER WILLIAMS). 

one large oval egg sac. 

Remarks.—Many of these interesting Calanoids were noted in 
copula. The male clasps the female in a manner quite different from 
that commonly observed among the Harpacticoida, in that they seem 
always to unite with their anterior extremities pointed in exactly 
opposite directions, with the abdominal extremity of one or the other 
pointed to one side at an angle. 





A 


No. 1758. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—SHARPER. 41 


Occurrence.—Very common in birge and surface net tows among 
alez, at Hadley Harbor, Great Harbor near Ram Island, and Eel 
Pond, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Also Sheepshead Bay, New 
York, September. 

Nistribution.—Previously reported only from Narragansett Bay 
and Charlestown Pond, Rhode Island, summer (Williams). 


family CANDACITIDE. 
Genus CANDACIA Dana, 1846. 
CANDACIA ARMATA Boeck. 


Candacia pectinata Brapvy, Copepoda of the British Islands, vol. 1, 1878, p. 49.— 
GIESBRECHT, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, vol. 19, 1892, p. 242, 
15 figures.—WHEELER, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, 1900, p. 177, figs. a-e. 

Candacia~armata Boeck, Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiania, 1872, p. 39.—G. O. Sars, 
Crustacea of Norway, vol. 4, Calanoida 1903, p. 135, figs. 1-10. 


Length.—Female, 1.95 to 2.7 mm.; male, 1.7 to 2.7 mm. 

Characters.— Last thoracic segment of female with large posteriorly 
directed points. First antenna of female twenty-three-segmented, 
and not overreaching the genital segment. 

Occurrence.—Gulf Stream about 70 miles south of Marthas Vine- 
yard, July (Wheeler). 

Distribution.—Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean (between 36° 
and 60° N. lat.) (Giesbrecht); Indian Ocean (Scott). 


F Family PONTELLIDL. 
Genus PONTELLOPSIS Brady, 18838. 
PONTELLOPSIS REGALIS (Dana). 


Pontella regalis DANA, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 1849, vol. 2, p. 31. 

Monops regalis GresBRECHT, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, vol. 19, 
1892, p. 486, 15 figures —WHEELER, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, 
1900, p. 182, figs. a-c. 

Pontellopsis regalis GIESBRECHT and ScHMEIL, Das Tierreich, Dec. 1898, p. 147. 


Length.—Female, 4.0 to 4.4 mm.; male, 3.4 mm. 

Color.—Dark blue-green. 

Characters.—Last thoracic segment pointed on either side, but in 
male prolonged into a powerful slightly curved hook. Abdomen of 
female of two segments. Furca short. 

Occurrence.—Gulf Stream, 70 miles south of Marthas Vinevard, 
July (Wheeler). 

Distribution. Mediterranean Sea; Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian 
oceans (between 13° N. and 26° S. lat.). 


414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 





Genus ACARTIA Dana, 1846. 
ACARTIA TONSA Dana. 


Acartia tonsa Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 1849, vol. 2, p. 26.—Grrs- 
BRECHT, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, vol. 19, 1892, p. 508, 5 
figures.—GresBREcHT and ScuMer, Das Tierreich, Dec. 1898, p. 154.— 
WHEELER, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, 1900, p. 183, figs. a-d. 


Length.—Female, 1.3 to 1.5 mm.; male, 1.05 mm. 

Characters.—Rostral filaments present. Last thoracic segment 
rounded on sides. Abdomen without spines. Anal segment hairy on 
sides, but in male with fine points on the second segment. Middle 
segment of female fifth foot about as long 
as broad. Terminal claw more than twice 
as long as the terminal segment, straight, 
and alike for each foot. 

Wheeler, 1900, page 183, shows a figure 
of the fifth foot of the female which evi- 
dently is very exceptional; probably that 
of a mutilated specimen, or of a regene- 
rated leg. All studied by the writer were 
as in fig. 5. 

Occurrence.—One of the commonest cope- 
pods taken from the wharf of the Fish Com- 
mission at Woods Hole, summer (Wheeler). 
Also Plymouth Harbor, and Gulf Stream 70 miles south of Marthas 
Vineyard (Wheeler). Also occurring abundantly in nearly all the 
tows examined by the writer from the Woods Hole region, even in the 
Eel Pond and the brackish water ponds of the vicinity. In fact, 
nearly all the pelagic copepods of these ponds were this species. 

Distribution.—Port Jackson, New South Wales (Dana); west coast 
of South America, between Valparaiso and Callao (Giesbrecht). 





Fig. 5.—ACARTIA TONSA. FIFTH 
FOOT OF FEMALE X 500. 


Genus TORTANUS Giesbreecht. 
TORTANUS DISCAUDATUS (Thompson and Scott). 


Corynura discaudata THompson and Scorr, Proc. Liverpool Biol. Soc., vol. 12, 
1897, p. 80, pl. 6, figs. 1-11; pl. 7, figs. 1, 2. 

Corynura bumpusti WHEELER, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., vol.19, 1900, p. 185, figs. af. 

Tortanus discaudatus GIESBRECHT and ScHMEIL, Das Tierreich, Dec., 1898, p. 158.— 
VAN Breemen, Nordisches Plankton, VIII, Copepoden, p. 162, figs. a-c. 


Length.—Female, 2.25 mm.; male 1.8 to 2 mm. Very similar to 
T. gracilis (Brady) but with the right fureal branch and its spine-like 
outer bristle much more thickened. 

Sndopodite of first leg three-segmented, which is very unusual for 
Tortanus. 


— a 


No. 1758. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—SHARPE. 415 


Occurrence.—Tows off Fish Commission wharf and Vineyard Sound, 
July (Wheeler) ; off Fish Commission wharf, May (Vinal N. Edwards). 
Specimens collected by the writer from the same locality were blood- 
red in color and were unusually quick in their movements, moving 
by quick jerks. Wheeler says ‘‘both sexes rather opaque and with- 
out pigment, except along mid-ventral line, where there are segmental 
accumulations of black coloring matter in the male.’? (Wheeler, 
1900, p. 185.) 

Distribution.—Gulf of St. Lawrence; Puget Sound; Woods Hole. 


Tribe PODOPLEA. 
Family HARPACTICID A. 
Genus HARPACTICUS Milne Edwards, 1888. 


HARPACTICUS CHELIFER (O. F. Miiller). 


Cyclops chelifer O. F. Miuuer, Zool. Dan. Prodr., 1776, p. 2413; Entomostraca, 
1785, p. 114, pl. 19, figs. 1-3. 

Harpacticus chelifer Cuaus, Die Freilebenden Copepoden, 1863, p. 135, pl. 19, 
figs. 12-19.—Brapby, Copepoda of the British Islands, vol. 2, 1880, p. 146, 
pl. 64, figs. 19, 20; pl. 65, figs. 1-15.—G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. 
5, 1903, p. 49, 18 figs. 





Length.—Female, 9 mm.; male, 1 mm. 

Characters.—Body unusually compressed, 
posterior maxillipeds very large. Fifth legs 
as in fig. 6. 

Occurrence.—Collected in birge net at Little 
Harbor, Woods Hole, July; Hunters Island, 
New York City, October; 
Sheepshead Bay, New York, Fig. 6.—ITARPACTICUS CHELIFER. 

a, FIFTH FOOT OF FEMALE; b, 
September. FIFTH FOOT OF MALE. 

Distribution.— British Isles 
(Brady); coast of France (Canu); Franz Josef Land 
(Scott); Ceylon (A. Scott); Heligoland (Claus). 





Family ECTINOSOMID. 
Genus ECTINOSOMA Boeck, 1864. 


ECTINOSOMA CURTICORNE Boeck. 


Ectinosoma curticorne Boeck, Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiana, 1872, 
p. 45.—G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. 5, 1903, p. 
36, pl. 20, fig. 1. 





Fig. 7. — ECTINO- + pa 
a eae. Length.—Female, 0.7 mm. 


oe Color.—Dark brown or corneous. 
FOOT OF FE- . . 
Anterior antenna very short, of six 





MALE. Characters. 

segments, the first of which shows a well defined 
pigment spot. Caudal rami about twice as long as broad and 
shghtly divergent. 


416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 





Occurrence.—Collected by a birge net among alge, muddy bottom, 

. in the brackish ponds about Woods Hole, Massachusetts, July. 
Distribution.—Scottish coasts (Scott); Spitzbergen (Scott); Nor- 
wegian Fjords (Sars); Charlestown Pond, Rhode Island (Williams). 





Family PELTIDIID. 


Genus ALTEUTHA Baird, 1846. 
ALTEUTHA DEPRESSA Baird. 


Alteutha depressa Barrv, British Entomostraca, 1850, p. 216, pl. 30, figs. 1, 2.— 
Brapy, Copepoda of the British Islands, vol. 2, 1880, p. 160, figs. 1-5.—G. O. 
Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. 5, 1903, p. 64, pl. 38, 12 figs. 


Length.—Female, about 1.3 mm. 

Characters.—Body yellowish in color, but with a strikingly dark 
purplish transverse band near the middle, occupying three segments. 
Body much depressed seen dorsally, oblong-oval in form, with the 
ereatest width about the middle. 
Cephalic segment very large, ex- 
ceeding in length the four succeed- 
ing segments combined. Anterior 
antenna short and stout, nine-seg- 
mented. Fifth legs robust, and 
armed at the tip with three coarse 
spines (fig. 8 5). 

Remarks.—When seen with a 
small lens the most striking char- 
acter is the shape and color. It 
somewhat superficially resembles 
certain of the parasitic Copepods, 
as Argulus. While Sars (1903, p. 

c 64) speaks of it as usually occur- 
Fig. 8.—ALTEUTHA DEPRESSA. @, VENTRAL VIEW ring in depths varying from 6 to 

ee. 20 fathoms ona sandy Or sravey 

bottom, my best haul of these 

curious little creatures was made with a surface net, but a few inches 

below the surface in open water just along the Bureau of Fisheries 
wharf at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. : 

Occurrence.—Collected with a birge net among alge, in about 2 
fathoms of water, over sandy bottom, Sheepshead Bay, New York, 
September. Also surface net just off Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole, 
Massachusetts. It has not, to my knowledge, been heretofore re- 
ported from American shores. 

Distribution.—British seas (Brady); coast of France (Canu); west 
coast of Norway and Trondhjem Fjord (Sars). 





No. 1758. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—SHARPE. 417 








Family IDYIIDE. 
Genus IDYA Philippi, 1848. 
IDYA FURCATA (Baird). 
Cyclops furcatus BairD, Mag. Zool. and Bot., vol. 9, 1837, figs. 26-28. 
Canthocamptus furcatus Barrp, British Entomostraca, 1850, p. 210, figs. 1-6. 
Tisbe furcatus Ctaus, Die Freilebenden Copepoden, 1863, p. 116, figs. 1-12. 
Idya furcata Brapy, Copepoda of the British Islands, vol. 2, 1880, Dp: 172, figs: 
1-11.—G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. 5, 1903, p. 88, 14 figs. 

Length.—Female, average, 1 mm.; male, 0.65 mm. Maximum 
length of deep-water variety, 1.5 mm. 

Characters.—-Body of female whitish in color and more or less trans- 
versely banded with clear crimson; ovarial tubes commonly of a clear 
dark color. 

Caudal rami scarcely as long as the anal seg- 
ment. Fifth pair of legs of the female with the ao 
inner expansion of the proximal joint broadly 
rounded and armed with three sete, the middle 
one rather slender, the other two very small; 
distal segment sublinear, with five slender sete, 
of which three issue from the tip and two from 
the outer edge close to the end. 

Remarks.—Perhaps the commonest and most 
widely distributed of all the Harpacticoida, F'6.9—Ipya Furcata. a, 
While it is most commonly to be found with fins coororeeuere 
littoral forms, yet a larger pelagic form is to be 
met with at greater depths on decaying algw. ‘‘A very active crea- 
ture, swimming about with great speed, now and then affixing itself to 
fronds of the algx or to the walls of the vessel in which it is being 
observed”’ (Sars). 

Occurrence.—Collected with a birge net amongst floating alge and eel 
grass at Little Harbor, Woods Hole, July. Water about 10 feet deep 
at high tide, sandy bottom. Also from Eel Pond, Woods Hole, August. 

Distribution.—Arctic Ocean, widely distributed; British seas; IKat- 
tegat ; coast of France (Canu); Mediterranean and Red seas (A. Scott) ; 
New Zealand (Brady); Pacific at Chatham Islands (Sars); Franz 
Josef Land (Scott); Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island (Williams). 


Family THALESTRIDZ. 
Genus THALESTRIS Claus, 1863. 
THALESTRIS GIBBA (Kriyer). 





Harpacticus gibba Kroyer, Gaimard’s Voyage en Scandinavie, 1845, pl. 43, 
figs. 2, a—p. 
Thalestris gibba, G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. 5, 1903, p. 105, pl. 61, 
12 figs. 
Length —Female, 1.5 mm.; male slightly smaller. 
Characters —Color of body, except dorsal face of the cephalic 
segment, dark bluish gray to almost black. Posterior edges of 
Proc.N.M.vol.38—10——27 


418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 38. 





all the segments minutely crenulated. Caudal rami anusually pro- 
duced, about three times as long as broad. 

Occurrence.—Found. in a surface 
tow made by Mr. Vinal N. Edwards 
of the U. S. Fish Commission at 
Woods Hole, December. 

Distribution. — Norwegian coast 
(Sars); Franz Josef Land (Scott). 

This species appears heretofore not 
to have been reported from Ameri- 
sanshores. Seemingly aborealform, 
Fic. 10.—THALESTRIS GIBBA. @, FIFTH FOOT OF brought to the Woods Hole region 
FEMALE (AFTER SARs); b, FeTH Foot ormate. by the Labrador current. 





Genus HALITHALESTRIS Sars, 1905. 
HALITHALESTRIS CRONI (Kroyer). 


Harpacticus croni Kr6yYER, Gaimard’s Voyage en Scandinavie, 1845, Zool., pl. 43, 
figs. 3, a—n. 
Thalestris serrulata Brapy, Copepoda of the British Islands, vol. 2, 1880, p. 133, 


figs. 2-11 (male). 
ae. croni G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. 5, 1903, p. 118, pl. 72, 
12 figs. 


Length. Female, 2.3 mm.; male, 1.7 mm. 

Characters.—Cephalic segment hardly longer than the three follow- 
ing segments taken together. Rostrumshort. Genital segment about 
as long as wide. Furea very long, about half as long as the abdomen 
and with widely divergent rami. First an- 
tenne shorter than the cephalic segment. 
Fifth leg reaching nearly to the middle of 
the genital segment, its terminal segment 
(female) oval, and with six marginal bristles, 
of which two are rather long. The same 
segment of male more elongate (fig. 11b), and 
terminal seta the longer. Basal segment 
triangular, with five terminal sete in female 
and three in male, the middle one in each case 
being the longer. Egg sacs very large, reach- 
ing about to middle of fureal rami. 

Body of a light greenish hue, and com-_ Fic. 11—HauitHatestris cRONI. 

> . . . a, FIFTH FOOT OF FEMALE ( AFTER 
monly filled with clear oil bubbles of various giz): 5, peru FOOT OF MALE. 
sizes. 

Remarks.—One of the largest known Harpacticoids,and also very 
unusual in its habits in that it leads a truly pelagic life. Willams 
(1906) speaks of collecting it by scraping piles at high tide at Rocky 
Point in Narragansett Bay. He calls his specimen Thalestris 
serrulata Brady, which is mentioned above as a synonym, but as 
Halithalestris croni seems to be truly pelagic, and such a habitat as 





No. 1758. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—SHARPE. 419 


WwW ‘Ilias enti seems to a on only one sdeadael and. also to 
be very unusual, it is presumed that his specimen is not the above 
species. 

Occurrence.—Found in tows made by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries: 
schooner Grampus at station 528, July 18, 1894, 5 a.m., lat. 42°55’ N., 
long. 68° 49’ W., and at station 627, July 29, 1894, 11 p. m., lat. 
42° 7’ N., and long. 70° 8’ W. 

Distribution.—British ‘seas (Brady) ¢; coast of Spitzbergen (Scott) ; 
off the coasts of Norway and Finmark (Sars). 


Genus DACTYLOPUSIA Norman, 19038. 


DACTYLOPUSIA THISBOIDES (Claus). 


Dactylopusia thisboides Cuaus, Die Freilebenden ee 1863, p. 127, figs. 
24-28.—G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. 5, 1903, p. 126, pls. 77, and 97, 
11 figs. 

Length.—Female, about 1 mm.; male, smaller. 
Characters.—Body a golden yellow hue in 
fresh specimens, with a chestnut-colored trans- 
verse band across the anterior part of the genital 
segment. Fifth pair of legs of female with a 
rounded oval distal segment, with six marginal 
sete (fig. 12b); inner expansion of proximal 
joint very large and broad, foliaceous, extending 
beyond the tip of the distal segment, and 
marked inside the inner edge with a regular 
row of short transverse chitinous — stripes. 
Ovisac large. The fifth pair of legs of the 

female especially characterize this species. 
Occurrence.—Collected among alge with a 
birge net, at Little Harbor, Woods Hole, July, 
sandy bottom, at about 12 feet depth. Not 

heretofore reported from American shores. 
Distribution.—British seas (Brady); coast of 
France (Canu); Mediterranean (Claus); Red  rie.12.—pacryzorusia THs- 
mea. (Claus)* .Pranz Josef Iaand (T= Seott);. *°PEs a EetH Foor oF 


. ~° . MALE ; b, FIFTH FOOT OF 
Norwegian and Finnish coasts. ste aed 








DACTYLOPUSIA VULGARIS Sars. 
Dactylopus stromi Ciaus, Die Freilebenden Copepoden, 1863, p. 126, figs. 1-6. 
Dactylopusia vulgaris G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. 5, 1903, p. 128, pl. 79, 

figs. 1-6. 

Length.—Female, 0.7 mm. 

Characters.—Color, dark yellow to olivaceous brown. Cephalic 
segment fully as long as the four succeeding ones combined. Anterior 
antenne of moderate length, and nine-segmented. Fifth legs of 
female with their distal segments broadly ovate (fig. 13a), narrowly 





420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 





pointed at tip, which carries two sete, the outer of which is weak, 
and not more than half the length of the other. Three outer 
marginal spine-like sete and one inner 
one. Inner expansion rather large and 
extending about as far as the distal 
segment and armed with five terminal 
spine-like sete. Fifth legs of male 
with a shorter distal segment, which is 
also provided with an additional seta 
inside, while the proximal segment carries 
but three terminal spine-like setze instead 
of five. 

Occurrence.—Collected with birge net at 
Fig. 13.—Dacrytorusta vutearis. 4, Little Harbor, Woods Hole, Massachu- 

Sateen nua SC Sebts, among. surface ales, July. len 

brackish ponds near Woods Hole, July, 

and among Fucus along the U.S. Fisheries wharf, July. Common. 

Distribution.—British Isles (Brady); coast of France (Canu); Heli- 
goland (Claus); Charlestown Pond, Rhode Island (Williams). 





Family DIOSACCIDA. 
Genus DIOSACCUS Boeck, 1872. 
DIOSACCUS TENUICORNIS (Claus). 
Dactylopus tenuicornis CLtaus, Die Freilebenden Copepoden, 1863, p. 127, pl. 16, 
figs. 17-23. 
Diosaccus tenuicornis BRapy, Copepoda of the British Islands, vol. 2, 1880, p. 68, 
pl. 59, figs. 12-16.—G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. 5, 1903, p. 146, 
pls. 89 and 90. 

Length—Female about 0.8 mm.; male slightly smaller. Color a 
golden yellow in life. 

Female —Cephalic segment more than twice as long as all the free 
segments of the metasome combined. Rostrum very prominent. 
Furea closely set, the rami slightly longer 
than broad at base, their apical sete nearly 
parallel. Anterior antenne unusually slen- 
der. Fifth pair of legs (fig. 14b) with the 
distal segment oblong in form and armed 
on its outermost edge with six rather 
unequal sete. Inner expansion of proximal 
segment considerably produced, narrow 
linguiform in shape, and extending beyond Fis. 14—Drosaccus TENurcorNis. 

. . n ; d, FIFTH FOOT OF MALE; b, FIFTH 
the distal segment; armed with five mar- eae eee 
ginal setz, the middle one very thick, the 
others thick and’ spinous. Two ovisacs, pyriform, and somewhat 
divergent. 





No. 1758. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—SHARPE.. 421 


Male.—Anterior antenne prehensile. Fifth legs as in fig. 14a. 
Occurrence.—Collected with birge net among alge, Eel Pond, 
Woods Hole, August. 

Distribution.— British Isles (Brady); Mediterranean (Claus); coast 
of Bohiisland (Cleve); Wickford and Charlestown Pond (Williams) ; 
Liverpool Bay (Thompson). 





‘amily LAOPHONTID~. 
Genus LAOPHONTE Philippi, 1840. 
LAOPHONTE LONGICAUDATA Boeck. 

Laophonte longicaudata Boeck, Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiana, 1864, p. 279.—Brapy 
Copepoda of the British Islands, vol. 2, 1880, p. 82, figs. 1-10.—G. O. Sars, 
Crustacea of Norway, vol. 5, 1903, p. 243, pl. 164. 

Length. Female, 0.73 mm.. 

Characters.—Body of whitish color, with three light orange trans- 
verse bands, the first across the cephalic segment, 
the second occupying the posterior part of the 
genital segment, the hird the anal segment.. 

Body of female rather slender, with long and 
slender caudal rami, which equal in length the last 
two segments combined, and extend straight be- 
hind. Anterior antenne about half the length of jy is p,opuonte 
the cephalic segment, and seven-segmented. Fifth — tonatcavpara. a, rete 
pair of legs of the female small, distal segment = [VOT OF PEMALE 0, 
narrow, oval in form, with a straight inner edge, 
also five terminal sete. Inner expansion of proximal segment short 
and broad (fig. 15a), with five marginal sete, the apical one the 
longest. Male, fifth leg as in fig. 156. 

Occurrence.—Collected with a birge net just off the Bureau of 
Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, July. 

Distribution.— British seas (Brady); Norwegian coast (Sars); 
Franz Josef Land (Scott). Not heretofore reported from the western 
Atlantic. 








Family LICHOMOLGIDE. 
Genus LICHOMOLGUS Thorell, 1859. 


LICHOMOLGUS FUCICOLUS Brady. 


Lichomolgus fucicolus Brapy, Copepoda of the British Islands, vol. 2, 1889, p. 41, 
pl. 85, figs. 1-11.—Tnompson, Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., vol. 7, 1893, p. 
33, figs. 1-3. 
Length.—Female, 1.3 mm.; male, 1 mm. 
Characters.—Color dark brown. Free swimming. Second antenna 
(fig. 16a) three-segmented, bearing a few marginal sete, and at the 
apex of the third segment four long and one short seta, and a most 


422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


remarkable large falciform serrated claw, which is one-half as long 
as the antenna. Fifth legs (fig. 16c) of a single long curved seg- 
ment, with two apical sete. Female with two 
egg sacs. 

Occurrence.—Collected in surface net at Buzzards 
Bay, Woods Hole, July. 

Distribution. British seas (Brady); Liverpool 
Bay (Thompson); Narragansett Bay (Charlestown 
Pond), Rhode Island (Williams). 





Family TACHIDITD. 


Fic. 16.—LICHOMOLGUS 


FUCICOLUS. a, SEC- 
Oe ne eee Genus TACHIDIUS Lilljeborg, 1833. 
MALE; b, ABDOMEN OF 


FEMALE; Cc, FIFTH 
FOOT. TACHIDIUS BREVICORNIS (Miiller). 


Cyclops brevicornis MULLER, Zool. Dan. Prodr., 1776, p. 414; Entomostraca, 1785, 
p. 118. 

Tachidius brevicornis CLAus, Die Freilebenden Copepoden, 1863, p. 112, figs. 1-8.— 
Brapy, Copepoda of the British Islands, vol. 2, 1880, p. 20, figs. 1-16.— 
Tuompson, Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., vol. 7, 1893, p. 18, figs. 1-2. 


Length.—About 1.65 mm. 

Characters.—Body robust, with a short rostrum. Body segments 
fringed on their posterior margins with rows of minute teeth. Fifth 
pair of feet in both sexes (fig. 17a,6) broad, 
one-segmented, subquadrate, longer in female 
than in male. A typical inhabitant of warm, 
brackish pools. 

Occurrence.—Collected by a birge net from 
a brackish pool near Old Mill, Jamaica Bay, re. 17—Tacmorvs Brevicor- 
Long Island, June. NIS. @, FIFTH FOOT OF FE- 

° . . °,° MALE; D, FIFTH FOOT OF MALE. 

Distribution. — British seas (Brady and 


Thompson); Charlestown Pond, Rhode Island (Willams). 





Family ILYOPSYLLID. 


First antenne very short, five-to-six segmented, basal segment 
greatly dilated. Second antenne stout, dactyl-like, and destitute of 
a secondary branch. Mandible small, and bearing a simple bisetose 
palp. First pair of feet stout, strongly spined, with an outer branch 
which is indistinctly two-segmented, and an inner branch which is 
three-segmented. Second, third, and fourth pairs with both rami 
three-segmented. Fifth feet plate-like, inconspicuous, and with 
lobed margins. Abdomen short, and tapering toward the extremity; 
caudal sete commonly distinctly spathulate. 


; 


\ 


No. 1758. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—-SHARPE. 428 








Remarks.—The members of this group seem so very distinct from 
other known Harpacticoids as to merit the formation of this family. 
At present, the characters of the genus //yopsyllus are those of the 
family. Brady (1880, p. 145) was unable to find any evidences of 
fifth feet, therefore this is omitted from the original description of 
this genus. 


Genus ILYOPSYLLUS Brady and Robertson, 1878. 
ILYOPSYLLUS SARSI, new species. 
Length of female exclusive of caudal sete, 0.5mm. Male unknown. 
Color deep blood red. 
Seen from the side (fig. 185) the ventral line is nearly straight, 
while the cephalic region is very unusually arched. First segment of the 





c 


Fic. 18.—ILYOPSYLLUS SARSI. @, MANDIBULAR PALP. X 250; 6b, LATERAL 
VIEW OF FEMALE X 70; Cc, MAXILLIPEDS X 250; d, ROSTRUM X 250; e, 
FIFTH FOOT OF FEMALE; /, FIRST FOOT OF FEMALE X 250; g, FURCAL RAMI 
OF FEMALE X 250; h, SECOND ANTENNA OF FEMALE X 250; i, FIRST 
ANTENNA OF FEMALE X 250. 


cephalothorax about one-half length of body. Abdominal segments 
armed posteriorly with a row of small spinules, with one or two larger 
spines at the outer angles. Rostrum (fig. 18d) large, triangular, and 
armed at tip with two movable spines. First antenna (fig. 187) six- 
segmented, the first segment very large and with a semicircular row 
of spinules at its inner distal angle. Second segment very short, and 
produced into’ a broad, blunt, somewhat beak-like process, which is 
fully as long as the third segment. Third segment slightly longer 
than broad, and bearing a very long wsthetask, which is supported 
on a two-segmented base, and is about twice as long as the four last 
“segments of the antenna taken together. Fourth and fifth segments 
small, about as wide as long, terminal segment slightly longer and 
bearing a number of sete. 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Second antenna (fig. 18h) three-segmented, broad, strong, and 
dactyl-shaped, its terminal segment about twice as long as wide and 
armed with six strong spines, one of which is situated on the face of 
the segment, and is somewhat inconspicuous. Mandibular palp (fig. 
18a) with a two-segmented base, and bearing two bristles at its tip, 
one plumose and about twice as long as the base, the other longer and 
simple. 

The maxillipeds are as in fig. 18c. First leg (fig. 18f) with a 
basal part of two broad segments, the first one over three times as 
broad as long and bearing a semicircular row of spinules at its outer 
distal margin. Second segment irregular in shape, with a heavy 
plain spine at each distal angle, and a semicircular row of spinules 
between the bases of the two rami. Outer ramus three-segmented, 
and more than twice as long as the inner one, each segment with a 
large spine on its outer distal angle, and the terminal segment with 
an extra spine and two slender setz. Inner ramus indistinctly two- 
segmented, the terminal segment with two strong plain spines. Sec- 
ond to fourth feet alike, with both rami three-segmented, and with 
many long plumose setz. 

Fifth foot (fig. 18e) shghtly longer than wide, and in the form of a 
plate, with a seta on each lateral margin, which is shghtly longer than 
the foot. Its distal margin is four-lobed, with the deepest indenta- 
tion in the middle. Basal portion with two semicircular rows of 
spinules. 

Fureal rami (fig. 18g) slightly longer than wide, each with a very 
short inner seta, a dorsal seta, and two large terminal set, the outer 
of which is about one-seventh as long as the inner and plumose ex- 
teriorly, while the inner is fully as long as the body, but very slightly 
spathulate at base, and with very delicate tips. 

Named for Dr. G. O. Sars. 

Remarks.—This species at first glance superficially somewhat re- 
sembles /. natans Williams, but differs markedly in color, in shape of 
rostrum, size, and shape of projection of second segment of first an- 
tenna, character of armature of terminal segment of second antenna, 
first leg with two terminal sete and two spines, instead of one terminal 
seta and two spines, comparative lengths of terminal setz of furca, 
and shape of fifth foot; it having four lobes, which are of different 
sizes and shapes, instead of being regularly six-lobed. 

But four other species of this genus are known to the writer— 
I. affinis Scott (Gulf of Guinea), J. coriaceus Brady and Robertson 
(British seas and coast of France), J. holothuri# (Edwards), and 
I. natans Williams (Narragansett Bay, Mill Cove, Wickford). 

Occurrence.—Collected plentifully with a birge net among floating 
alew in Eel Pond and Little Harbor, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 
July, August; also brackish ponds, Woods Hole. 

Type.—Cat. No. 39512, U.S.N.M. 


: 


| No. 1758. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—SHARPE. 425 


D1: 


G1. 


Bel. 


B 2. 


B 3. 


B4. 


B5., 


SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA OF HARPACTICOIDA. 


Inner ramus of fourth leg three-segmented. Alteutha, Ameira, Ameiropsis, 
Amenophia, Amphiascus, Aspidiscus, Bradya, Canuella, Cerviniopsis, Dactylo- 
podella, Dactylopusia, Danielssenia, Delavalia, Diosaceus, Ectinosoma, Euca- 
nuella, Eupelte, Euterpe, Halithalestris, Harpacticus, Herdmania, Hermanella, 
Hersiliodes, Idomene, Idya, Idyella, Idyopsis, Ilyopsyllus, Longipedia, Mach- 
airopus, Microsetella, Microthalestris, Misophria, Nitocra, Onychocamptus, 
Parameira, Parastenhelia, Parategastes, Parathalestris, Parawestwoodia,® Pelti- 
dium, Phyllothalestris, Porcellidium, Psamathe, Pseudobradya, Pseudothalestris, 
Robertsonia, Rhynchothalestris, Stenhelia, Stenocopia, Sunaristes, Tachidius, 
Tegastes, Thalestris, Tigriopus, Zaus, Zosime .........-...-2--------------A. 

Inner ramus of fourth leg two-segmented.  Asellopsis, Attheyella, Canthocamp- 
tus, Cervinia, Ceylonia, Cletodes, Cylindropsyllus, Enhydrosoma, Heteropsyllus, 
Laophonte, Laophontodes, Laophontopsis, Leptosyllus, Lichomolqus, Marxn- 
biotus, Mesochra, Moraria, Normanella, Paralichomolgus, Paratachidius, Phyl- 


lopodopsyllus, Pseudolichomolgus, Stenheliopsis, Tetragoniceps ........---- B. 
Inner ramus of fourth leg one-segmented. Laophontella, Pontopolites, 
a SELLA CIUUILES SUUS eat eee SS matted) Sian, he Sec Sis Se a oes ee C. 
Inner ramus of fourth leg rudimentary, of a few spines or missing. Dyspontius, 
DV ATTIO TNS pTLA CMON DUS <2 So bia). ac ete de de bx She a eee Se ea eee ee geben Dy 
Inner ramus of third leg three-segmented. No fifth legs. On weed, 20 to 40 
Remus seyeleper terres ate ea chs ye cas ie he Liga. he ciel SRA Artest Dyspontius. 
Inner ramus of third leg rudimentary...............---..--..----.0---0- Da: 


Both rami of the first leg two-segmented. Muddy bottoms between tides. 
Platychelipus. 
Both rami of the first leg not two-segmented, the outer of three segments, the 


inner of two segments. Muddy bottoms, brackish pools... ...--. Nannopus. 
Inner ramus of third leg one-segmented to rudimentary. Bottom, 10 to 20 
TSAR ORAL emer ane eh ae igen re SEE. crs alt op Sos Pontopolites. 
Inner ramus of third leg more than one-segmented...............-------- (Cale 


Inner ramus of third leg three-segmented. Littoral, Indian Ocean. 
Pseudanthessius. 

Inner ramus of third leg two-segmented. Littoral, Indian Ocean. . Laophontella. 

Inner ramus of second and third leg rudimentary or obsolete. Bottom forms; 


Pelee beet CU CMOWI 2 502 aioe See cae ee se Sele ee ele etek Leptopsyllus. 
Inner ramus of third leg two- or three- segmented ................------ Balk 
Inner ramus of third leg three-segmented...................----------- B2: 
Inner ramus of third leg two-segmented. One egg sac........----------- Bare 
Fifth pair of legs two-segmented. One egg sac.......-.------------------ B 3. 
Fifth pair of legs one-segmented. Two egg sacs............2------------- B: 6: 


Inner ramus of first leg forming a powerful claw, two-or-three segmented. 
Body regions sharply defined. Moderate depths, amongst alge. . Laophonte. 
Inner ramus of first leg normal, not forming a powerful claw............--- B 4. 
Inner ramus of second and third legs normal, not modified in any way.  Fresh- 
water ponds and streams. Bottom forms amongst débris and algze. 
Canthocamptus (female). 
Inner ramus of first, second, or third legs may be modified. ....-.-.-.--..--- B 5. 
Inner ramus of but the third leg modified. Freshwater lakes, ponds, etc. 
as Canthocanplus----)- 2. -o226- 02 2h chee cdeciec asieee acc ed Attheyella (male). 
Inner rami of the first, second, and third legs, or the second and third legs 
PUNO CNEL © Cee ecg er NE fe Nt cad pe hc Canthocamptus (male). 


4The old name Westwoodia Dana 1855, preoccupied in Hymenoptera. The name 
Parawestwoodia here supplied. 








426 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSBUM. vou. 38. 
ee 6. Anterior anes six- or seven-segmented. Free swimming in plankton, or in 
the branchial sacs of Ascidiande cee -cc- coc ee eee Lichomolgus. 
Anterior antennz three-segmented. Otherwise as Lichomolqus. Washings from 
dredgings; Indian Ocean] 2 as a eee ee Paralichomolgus. 

B 7. Inner ramus of first leg three-segmented..........-.---..--.-.-.- th EAS 2 © B8. 
Inner ramus’ offirst lec two-seomentede tater oe aaa ne eee eres aloe 

B 8. First antenna not more than five-segmented. Fifth legs two-branched, folia- 
ceous. Oneeggsac. Males unknown. Moderate depths-.-.-. Heteropsyllus. 

First antenna more than five-segmented, seven-to nine-segmented........- BY. 

B 9. Caudal rami long and narrow, discontiguous. First antenna seven-segmented. 


B10. 


BIL. 


B 12. 


Bis: 


B 14. 


B15, 


B 16, 


Bais 


B 18. 


B19. 


Fiith legs two-segmented, the basal segment scarcely wider than the terminal 
one. Inner rami of second, third, and fourth legs two-segmented, more or 


less modified. One hundred fathoms or more......-....---------- Cervinia. 
Caudal rami short and broad. First antenna nine-segmented. Tidal pools 
amongst) al gee. oe Sa oe se eee eee ee Paratachidius. 


Rostrum anchor-shaped, of three strong spines, the two outer ones slightly 
curved outward at end. Towings, Puget Sound..Pseudolichomolqus (male). 


Rostrum not anchor-shaped or of three spines..........----------------- Bul: 
Fifth legs one-segmented, sometimes plate-like ..............-.---------- B12. 
Fifth lecs'two-segmented’.... 222... 22s228 Oe eet te eee Bis. 
Fifth legs forming enormous concave plates which serve for holding ova. 

Male unknown. Muddy bottom, 10 to 30 fathoms.......Phyllopodopsyllus. 
Fifth lees normal, not used for holding:ovast: ) 2525. 62024 -o eee B 13. 
Basal segment of ail the legs, elbow-like. Fifth legs long and narrow. Littoral, 

10\to'30 fathoms s.5.9. 2: ec cee eee cee eee Laophontodes (male). 
Basal segment of all the legs, not elbow-like, normal.............--..---- B14. 
Furcal rami long and narrow, strongly divergent. Fifth leg plate-like. Two 

egg sacs. Male unknown. 50 fathoms, muddy bottom ......-- Stenheliopsis. 
Furcal rami, normal, fifth legs variously shaped......-....-..------------ B15, 
Anterior antenns five-seomented) 2 9.52.2 ao- cee ee ee eee B16. 
Anterior antenne seven- to eight-segmented..............-.---.-------- Bit; 


Body almost exactly cylindrical, about eleven times as long as wide. Anterior 
and posterior maxillipeds claw-like. (Parasitic?.) Fifth leg narrow. Littoral. 


Muddy bottoms;/5.to: 16 fathomer2 522.225 Steere eee Cylindropsyllus. 
Body subcylindrical, about seven times as long as wide. Fifth leg broad. 
Littoral 10 to:30itathoms:: s.se:.< 2st see eee eee Enhydrosoma (male). 
Fifth leg plate-like and two- lobed. Inner rami of third legs modified. Oyster 
washings, Indian Ocean...-:........:...---- ..........Ceylonia (male). 
Fifth leg much longer than wide. Second maxilliped forimmng a prehensile 
clawed hand. Littoral, muddy bottoms............- Tetragoniceps (female). 
Outer'rami of first legs two-seomented2.--2- 25. ee eaccce- sees eee eae Bag: 
Outer rami of first legs three-segmented: 22.22.22. 92222262 ee oe B 20. 


First legs prehensile. Body depressed. Caudal rami lamellar, apical setee rudi- 
mentary. Inner ramus of third leg transformed in male. Littoral. .Asellopsis. 

First legs not prehensile. Body subcylindrical. Caudal rami not lamellar. 
Inner ramus of third leg transformed in male. Fresh water. One egg sac, 


Marexnbiotus. 

. First legs prehensile... 222.22. cc cecwnaee tien onic a eae Se aes Me ae B21: 
First legs not prehensile:..... .: .ohccsec en. de ceetan 25 eee eee ee ee B 25. 
sasal segment of inner ramus of first leg with no seta on its inner margin. Ros- 
tral plate not well defined at base.:—.--:2 2252547). 2 eee B 22. 


Basal segment of inner ramus of first leg with a seta. Rostral plate well 
defined at base. Inner rami of first leg always two-segmented. One egg 
BAC a nay wcee censwebece rs Lous obi wna te aan cee eee aera B 23. 


=F 


No. 1758. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—SHARPE. 427 


B 22. Body cylindrical, no conspicuous constrictions between the segments. Nata- 


. tory legs normal, but inner rami of first legs two- to three-segmented. Inner 
rami in third legs modified in male. One egg sac. Brackish pools and 
Pe eee icra eh Sig ohne Se weet Se ete ob sees acesuic ld Vesochra. 
Body abnormal, with decided constrictions between its segments. Natatory 
legs bent, elbow-like. 10 to 30 fathoms.............. Laophontodes (female). 
B 23. First antenna four- to five-segmented, stout. Furca iamellar. Both segments 
of fifth feet especially narrow. 6 to 10 fathoms, muddy bottoms. 
Laophontopsis. 
First antenna of seven segments...........-...20.200ceeeee cece eee eee cence B 24. 
 B 24. Inner ramus of first leg much longer than the outer. Fifth legs not foliaceous, 
but rather narrow. Furcanormal. Bottom forms, pelagic....../ Normanella. 
Inner ramus of first leg shorter than the outer, with an odd rod-like projection 
from its basal segment. Fifth legs foliaceous. Furca witha large thick ter- 
minal spine, and a few setie. Bottom washings, pelagic. .Ceylonia (female). 
B 25. Anterior antenna four- to six-segmented. One ege sac. Marine......-. B 26. 
Anterior antenna seven- to eight-seemented. One ege sac. Fresh-water..B 27. 
B 26. Basal segment of fifth foot a broad plate. Terminal segment comparatively 
short and broad. Pelagic, sandy bottom. .........-. Enhydrosoma (female). 
Basal segment of fifth foot narrow and produced into a narrow flange. Terminal 
segment of same very long and narrow. Pelagic, muddy sand...... Cletodes. 
B 27. Anterior antenna eight-segmented, the terminal part of four segments. Inner 
rami of first legs two- or three-segmented. Littoral and bottom. 
Attheyella (female). 
Anterior antenna seven-segmented, the terminal part of three segments. Inner 
5 rami of first legs always two-segmented. Bottom............-.-.-.- Moraria. 
A. Inner ramus first leg one-segmented ........------ 0-2 eee eee ee eee eee Ade 
Inner ramus first leg two- or three-segmented -.....................-...--A 6. 
A 1. Outer ramus of first leg three-segmented, strongly spined...............-.- A 2. 
Outer ramus of first leg one-segmented...........-.-----.----22-----2-ee- A 3. 
A 2. Fifth legs very minute, plate-like, and lobed on distal margin. First antenna 
five-segmented; basal segments much dilated. Body tumid and gibbous. 
Littoral: “Db to 20 fathoms; Algte. i... osc. ectee sk bck ede se Ilyopsyllus. 
A 3. Outer rami of the second, third, and fourth legs three-segmented ............- A 4. 
Outer rami of the second, third, and fourth legs two-segmented ............-. AGS: 
A 4. First legs imperfectly prehensile. Fifth foot of male one-segmented; of female, 
two-segmented. No true ovisac. Head and last thoracic segment very 
large, produced ventrally. 3 to 30 fathoms. Sandy bottom........ Tegastes. 
A 5. First legs not prehensile. Otherwise much as Tegastes........---- Parategastes. 
A 6. Inner ramus of first legs two-segmented ....-........-..----------2--2---A7. 
Inner ramus of first legs three-segmented......................--.------/ A 24, 
A 7. Outer rami of first legs two-segmented. One egg sac........-........-.--A 8. 
Outer rami of first legs three-seemented..........-.-------++---+---+--+---- A 10. 
A 8. Fifth legs two-segmented; first legs prehensile............--------.------ A 9. 
Fifth legs one-segmented; first legs not prehensile; inner rami peculiarly bent at 
right angles, and with natatory sete. One egg sac. Pelagic, in towings. 
Guter pe. 
A 9. Outer rami of first legs shorter than the inner. Body not flattened. First antenna 
eight-segmented. Tidal pools, or ‘‘tidal lagoons’’........-- Pseudothalestris. 
Outer rami of first legs longer than the inner. Body flattened, broad. Littoral, 
amongst alge and in tidal pools, or lagoons.......-...-.----- Zaus (mostly). 
A 10. Rami of first legs enormously broadened, flattened, and otherwise modified. 
Body short and flat. Furca lamellate, with rudimentary sete. Fifth legs 
two-segmented. Littoral, on Laminaria, etc .......-.-.-------- Porcellidium. 
Rami of first legs not unusually modified or developed................-.- A Tk 
, 


—— ss 


428 
Alt. 


A 12. 


A 14. 


A 16. 


A 18. 


A 20. 


A 21. 


A 22 





PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 

Fifth legs: one-sexmented). <2 2 oo phe mtr es ee aoe Ait2; 
Fifth legs two- to four-segmented ¢ --2 eee eo eesti oak A 13. 
First leg not prehensile. Caudal setae modified. One egg sac. Muddy bot- 
toms, 20 fathoms..s).202.-252 sastee ee ieee oe -Zosime. 


First leg prehensile. Inner rami of second legs three-segmented, modified. 
Fifth leg an inconspicuous plate in male. Two egg sacs. 3 to 30 fathoms. 


Muddy bottomson ales) 2.cec-c. Sees ee eee Stenhelia (part). 
Fifth leg four-segmented; first antenna nine-segmented..........-.....- A 14. 
Fifth leg less than ‘four-segmentied = 24-2. ae as eoeee  eee A 15. 


Outer ramus first leg with segments approximately same length. Inner rami 


alike in sexes. Washings from muddy dredgings...... Parastenhelia (male). — 


Outer ramus first leg with the middle segment much the larger. Inner ramus 
of third leg unlike in the sexes. Not more than 0.5 mm. long. Littoral, 


STONES ANC ee oa nes ae ee ee ee ee Microthalestris (male). 
Fiith foot-three-segmented).,....— 2 casa ae ee a A 16. 
Filth. foot two-seomented : . =. “s2s,c67 a¢iy-o- cee aa eee ee A. U7; 


Furca extremely long and narrow. First leg not prehensile, but terminal seg- 
ment with a finger-like projection. First antenna nine-segmented.- Pelagic, 


muddy bottoms 2. ec eas toca.) ee eee ee eee Herdmania (male). 
Furca not extremely long and narrow. First leg prehensile. Body depressed. 
Littoral, 2 to’ 20: fathoms: = neces see acon ee ee ee eee Eupelte. 
Fifth legs narrow, linear... 1... 6327er ac .2) 2 eee eee A 18. 
Fifth legs not narrow and linear. Basal segment much expanded...-...-. A 20. 


Body short, oval, and much flattened. Furca not reaching beyond posterior 
expansions of body segments, and narrow. Inner segments of first legs broad. 
Littoral, sandy jbottoniv. 2:52: 2 -. oben de ace cee ee ee Peltidium. 

Body not oval and much flattened.......--.-...:.-- 2 ates tet aelOk 

Furea very long and narrow. First foot not prehenale ie ‘termiual segment 
with a finger-like projection. First antenna nine-segmented. Muddy bot- 
toms, 30\to 40 fathoms, :.. 222-622. 4. ~nte dee ae Herdmania (female). 

Furca not very long and narrow. First foot prehensile, the basal segment very 
broad, the terminal one narrow. First antenna eight-segmented. Somewhat 
like Cyclops. 10 to 30 fathoms, muddy bottom. .............-..... Idyella. 

First antenna five-segmented. First leg not prehensile. Inner ramus of sec- 
ond leg two-segmented in male and modified; three-segmented in female. 


One egg sac. Brackish mouths of rivers, and pelagic .-......-- Danielssenia. 
First antenna six- to nine-segmented. First feet prehensile...........-.. A 21. 


Inner ramus of second legs two-segmented, modified in male, also with a spine. 
Body dilate and depressed in front. First antenna six-segmented. 6 to 20 


fathoms, among alos and hydroidays:. 22.2 eee ee Dactylopodella. 
Inner ramus of second legs not modified in the sexes..........-....----- A 22. 
Inner rami first legs shorter than the outer rami. Two egg sacs. First antenna 
eight-segmented. Brackish pools, muddy bottom..............-. Delavalia, 
Inner rami first legs longer than the outer rami...........-...-.----..-24 A 23. 


Outer rami of first legs with the three segments about the same size. Inner 
rami of all legs alike in the sexes. Washings from muddy dredgings. 

Parastenhelia (female). 

Outer rami of first legs with the middle segment much the longest of the three. 

Not more than 0.6 mm. long. Inner ramus of third leg modified in male. 


Littoral, amone ales... .. =. 22a55 eee ee ee Microthalestris (female). 
Outer rami of first lez one- to two-segmented. Prehensile.........-.--. BOZO: 
Outer rami of first leg always three-segmented..............-.-.--------A 28. 
Outer rami of first legs longer than the inner........-......-.-----.-----/ A 26. 
Outer rami of first legs shorter than the inner (one-segmented in Parawest- 

WOOMA NODUWS) <2 ssc iwah~ ciec wpe = ee ee eke Ce ene ve ASCOT 


A 26. 


Pe 
KS 
~I 


A 28. 


A 30. 


A 3l. 


A 32. 


A 33. 


A 34. 


A 36. 


A 37. 


—s Sl 


No. 1758. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—SHARPE. 429 


Body slender and not flattened. First antenna eight-segmented. Inner 
ramus second leg modified in male. Outer ramus third leg large and robust, 
spiny and prehensile. One egg sac. Littoral to 100 fathoms. . Harpacticus. 

Body slender, oblong, and much flattened, lateral plates produced. First 
antenna five-segmented, 20 to 30 fathoms...................-Zaus goodsiri. 

Basal segment of inner ramus very long, several times as long as the last two 

segments taken together. One egg sac. Littoral, tidal pools among algze. 
Parawestwoodia. 
Basal segment of inner ramus very short, but a small proportion of the inner 
ramus. Twoeggsacs. Fifth foot of male of two separate lobes. Fresh-water 
pools as with Diapiomus and Canthocamptus......-.....--..-Onychocamptus. 

Fifth legs three-segmented. First legs not prehensile, but as Cyclops. First an- 

tenna sixteen-segmented, that of male somewhat less. One egg sac. 20 to 50 


PONS sea Y WOLLORE © ic cers Se se Sas Fg <h rte ere aha cndier Sow elec Visophria. 
Fifth legs less than three-segmented....................2..-2..........-A 29. 
Fifth legs of a small setiferous lamella.............022....2.....222-2---/ A 30. 
Fifth legs from one-to two-segmented.......................-........-.-A 33. 


First foot slightly prehensile. First pedigerous segment separated from the 
cephalothorax. Genital segment with a dorsal suture. Two egg sacs. 10 
VEZH Heap a Vrs (51211016 fg] 001510501 00 he Keats 2 ae a ae Canuella. 

First foot not at all prehensile. No transverse dorsal suture of genital segment 
of female. First pedigerous segment not separated from cephalothorax..A 31. 

First antenna eight-seemented. Body lke Cyclops. Inner ramus of second 
leg modified, two-segmented. 3 to 30 fathoms, mostly muddy bottom. 

Stenhelia (male, part). 

First antenna, six- to seven-seemented..................--------------- A 32. 

Outer ramus of second antenna six-segmented. Body slender, not compressed. 
But trace of a seta on middle segment of inner ramus of fourth legs. Inner 
rami of second legs modified in male. Two egg sacs. A few fathoms, sandy 
bottoms (shells of hermit crabs) ....-...-..---..225......------- Sunaristes. 

Outer ramus of second antenna three-segmented, but well developed. Anterior 
part of body somewhat depressed and broadened. <A well developed seta on 
middle segment of inner ramus of fourth legs. One egg sac. Males unknown. 


I0to 30 fathoms, sandy bottom... 26.22.22 2.5222 shee. cece Bradya (in part). 
Pith lees one-sepmented = 2. i... ccs ce Sa woe be bese eee locust rene AOE 
Fisth leos two-sermented .. 22002022. ct ie scctbe tc see bese eee cases A 37. 


Fifth foot an oval setiferous segment in both sexes, about as broad as long. 
One egg sac. Inner ramus of second leg modified in male. Brackish marsh 
COs AE AVR eee sae lag tikes cme hie = twine ais gph dn boleh ee Tachidius. 

Putth: foot lonser than broad’... .2.3.- 2¢2.s-ecseeees. steel ees eee eee Aosas 

3ody like Cyclops. Genital segment much broader than the preceding one. 
Antenne much as Cyclops. Two egg sacs. Surface net and washings. . A 36. 

Body Canthocamptus-like, genital segment not distinctly broader than the pre- 
ceding segment. Antennz much as Canthocamptus. Two egg sacs. 3 to 
30 fathoms, mostly mud bottom, occasionally algze..Stenhelia (male, partly). 

Anterior half of body almost circular. Second segment of first antenna much 
the longest. Washings from sponges, etc. (Indian Ocean)....... Hermanella. 

Anterior half of body about one-half as wide as long. Second segment of first 
antenna not the longest. Surface net and washings (Indian Ocean). 

Fersiliodes. 

Fifth foot with terminal segment trilobate, each lobe with a spine, and inner 

expansion of basal segment always with two spines, as in text fig. 7. 
Body slender, fusiform. Readily float on surface film. One eggsac. 10 to 


30 fathoms; muddy bottom ......- 2... 2-2 asso tec teense ous Ectinosoma. 
Fifth foot not trilobate, and inner expansion of basal segment not with two 
CH ene eae os Sia Oe oY el eee a eae neewice oo aan eked A 38. 


430 
A 38. | 


A 39. 


A 40. 


A 41. 


A 42. 


A 48. 


A 44. 


A 45. 


A. 46. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 





Terminal segment of second leg enormously lengthened. First legs partly 
prehensile. First antenna five-segmented. One ovisac. Muddy bottoms. 


6:to 30: inthomis’.>.225 5 20s a eee eee eee ea Longipedia. 
Terminal segment of second leg unusually lengthened. First antenna six- to 
nine-sepmenteds w<.2.0. 332 poate eA ainpen ete ale ae ee oye eee eens A 39. 
Basal segment of inner ramus of first leg enormously broadened. First leg 
otherwise modified: 25 22222 aee eee eee eee oe eee A 40. 
Basal segment of inner ramus of first leg not enormously broadened. First leg 
Normal :s..< siccsehgex Sue eee eae aoe ee ae a a ee eee ree A 43. 


Posterior part of body not so sharply demarcated from the anterior part as to 
approximately equal width of the abdomen. Body much depressed. Basal 
segment of inner rami of first leg very broad and triangular, and as long as 
the outer ramus. One egg sac. 6 to 20 fathoms, adhering to debris, etc. 

Idomene. 

Posterior part of body sharply and abruptly demarcated from the anterior part, 
with abdomen approximately one-third width of segment just anterior to it. 
Body more or less depressed. First antenna eight- to nine-segmented. One 
COP. SAC Uj. = okie oe Aes Sn eae ee ore ne ee A 41. 

Middle segment of inner ramus of third and fourth legs, with two sete each. 
Anterior part of body broad. Sublittoral, closely clinging to fronds of alge, 
S18 TOI Oa Ce eae Se NO are Re ee ate oe Psamathe. 


Middle segment of inner ramus of third and fourth legs, with one seta each.A 42. 


Middle segment of outer ramus armed with a strong, claw-like spine curving 
outward. “littoral-amongst aleve) ..2---. 2-2 ee ee ere Machairopus. 
Middle segment of outer ramus not armed with a strong, claw-like spine curving 
outward. Fifth legs long and narrow. The two segments preceding genital 
segment, fornicate posteriorly. Sublittoral, closely clinging to fronds of 
Laminornidcos ooo ooes. 82 EP ee ee Aspidiscus. 
Caudal rami, long, narrow, linear, and so contiguous as to almost appear as a 
single appendage. Genital segment in female produced on each side to a 
recurved, spiniform projection. First antenna six-segmented, with a long 
fusiform appendage from the fourth segment. One egg sac. Male unknown. 


Great depths, loose muddy deposits...........-:....-----.--- Cerviniopsis. 
Caudal rami, not long, narrow, and so contiguous as to appear as a single appen- 
CAPO. enced enw a Me tate we ete «he ares So eT ee A 44. 
Both rami of first legs natatory, as those of the natatory legs, not prehensile. 
One Cf SAG Sis os cee cei s Ss See Sie eres ens wrk ee A 45. 
Both rami of first legs not natatory, one or both prehensile. One or two egg 
SACS css, 222 ach A eis a ere TS tee A 48. 


Basal segment of first leg with three large accessory spines, one of which is 
situated on the face of the segment, the others on the margins. Abdomen 
distinctly separated from the thorax. Inner branch of second antenna two- 
segmented. Inner ramus second legs modified in male. 20 to 30 fathoms, 
muddy bottom =: 22.2255 2 2 eee ee ee Robertsonia. 


Basal segment of first leg normal, with no accessory spines. ..-...------- A 46. 


Anterior part of body not appreciably broader than the posterior part. Body 
very slender, linear. The two middle sete of the furca greatly elongate. 
Outer branch of second antenna greatly elongate. Pelagic, near the surface, 
in: planktopy « .c as. <9. since Se Re Stes ee, Microsetella. 


Anterior part of body appreciably broader than the posterior part... -.--- A 47. 


no. 1 


A 47. 


A 48. 


A 49. 


A 50. 


A 51. 


A 52. 


A 53. 


A 54. 


A 55. 


ee 


TDS. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—SHARPE. 481 








Posterior antenna with the outer ramus poorly developed, and occasionally of 
only two segments. Anterior part of body slightly depressed and broadened. 
Fifth legs large and alike in the sexes. 3 to 6 fathoms, muddy sand. 

Pseudobradya. 

Posterior antenna well developed and distinctly three-segmented. Anterior 
part of body somewhat depressed and broadened. Fifth feet small (in male 
but one-segmented, a small setiferous lamella). 10 to 30 fathoms, sandy 
Stat (9 1 noe ee rc ic a ew a ee eS Sie ase fee car ean Bradya. 

Rami of the natatory legs form a decided angle with the segment bearing them. 
Body depressed, oval, shield-shaped. Rolls up when disturbed. Outer 
rami of first legs the larger. Fifth legs falciform, alike in the sexes. Furca 
short, broad, and lamellar. Littoral, on Laminaria and other algee, and on 


sandy and gravelly bottoms, 2 to 20 fathoms...............--....-4 Alteutha. 
Rami of the natatory legs not forming a decided angle with the segment bearing 
{POKES OOS cre core ae UE ae ee eee A 49. 
Outer rami of the first legs somewhat longer than the inner rami......... A 50. 
Outer rami of the first legs somewhat shorter than the inner rami, or occa- 
sionally subequal. (Thalestris and Parathalestris variable) ............-A 55. 


Middle segment of inner rami of fourth legs with no sete on inner margin, one 
seta in similar location of other natatory legs. Inner rami of second legs 
modified in male: One egg sac. Rock and tidal pools and occasionally in 


Breer w aber MeSUOP@ ss uo eo tae ont OG See 2 Pt ee ae Meee eam Tigriopus. 
Middle segment of inner rami with at least one seta. One egg sac....-... A 51. 


Body quite flat and shield-like. No rostrum. Eye present. Middle segment 
of inner ramus of second legs modified in male. 6 to 20 fathoms, at sea. 
Amenophia. 
Body not flat nor shield-shaped. Rostrum present ...........---------- A 52. 
Fifth legs of both sexes foliaceous, those of the female large, more or less covering 
TAT eR ee oe oo nn we OSS es ote ee Seid SASSY ore ee Ho Don 
Fifth legs of female slender, not covering the egg sacs. Male unknown. Genital 
segment of female with a well-developed dorsal suture (transverse), and pro- 
duced on each side to a strong spiniform projection. Furca somewhat lamel- 
lar. Eye absent. First antenna with a very large seta on the fourth seg- 
Mrentc. 00 60 OU TA NOM BS ncosc elke dens. Yoe soot beet ae ee sie 22 Eucanuella. 
Fifth legs of female enormously developed, foliaceous, wholly covering the 
egg sacs. Genital segment in female with a well-marked dorsal transverse 
suture, and not produced on each side to a strong spiniform projection. Eye 
large and complicated. Inner rami of second legs modified in male. Among 
areas Oy RCMOMIe ae ene eee one ase scent 7oo-b 2 os ees Phyllothalestris. 


Fifth legs not enormously developed, and commonly not covering the egg 


Rostrum sharply defined from the cephalic shield, and partially mobile. 
Body slender, cylindrical, and somewhat laterally compressed, fifth legs of 
moderate size. Littoral and tidal pools, among algze......-.--- Parathalestris. 

Rostrum not defined at base, short, thick, and immobile. Body robust. Rami 
of first legs subequal in length. Fifth legs large. Littoral, 10 to 20 fathoms, 
ea ees rae ele oo egaenee Ss eee ees a ara Ge eiee sees Cabs Thalestris. 


A 57. 


A 58. 


A 59. 


A 60. 


A 61. 


A 62. 


A 63. 


A 64. 


A 65. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





. Basal segment of inner ramus of first leg not larger than the rest of the ramus. 


Body more or less depressed. Spines of outer rami of first legs with long 


cilia.” Eye normal: ittoraland pelagic: 2--2-2:.->- =) eo eee ne Idya. 
Basal segment of inner ramus of first leg longer than the rest of the ramus. Inner 
ramus of second leg modified in male. Eye present............-....-- A 57. 


Rostrum very prominent and very mobile. Body divisions sharply marked off 
from one another. First antennz nine-segmented. Spines of outer rami of 
natatory legs coarsely denticulate. 6 to 20 fathoms, Laminaria and other 
RG. 2 Sasa as ree tit eee eee eee eee Sine oan eee Rhynchothalestris. 

Rostrum not unusually prominent and mobile. Body divisions not unusually 
well marked. Body stout. First antennee five- to nine-segmented. Spines of 
outer rami of natatory legs commonly plain, not coarsely denticulate. Lit- 


toral and tidal pools; among alee ns. 4-52 See- = dene eee Dactylopusia. 
Middle segments of inner rami of natatory legs with one seta each. One egg 
BRC as Sie see Swit ete tan a vere Spero Sek eS eae WS Ss Nc see A 59 


Middle segments of inner rami of natatory legs not with one seta each, with 
two on the second and third inner rami, or one on the third and fourth ..A 63. 
Basal segment of inner rami of first leg shorter than rest of ramus. Eye absent. 
No rostrum. Body short, stout, and cylindrical. 20 to 30 fathoms, muddy 


bottom 22-5525 Be a ae a ee ee ees Parameira. 
Basal segment of inner rami of first leg longer than the rest of the ramus. Inner 
rami of second leg not modified in male. One egg sac.....--..-.--------A 60. 


Caudal rami long and narrow, ten to twenty times as long as wide. Rami of 
natatory legs long and narrow. Body slender. Rostrumsmall. Eye absent. 
Last two segments of inner rami of first legs, more or less bent on the first. 30 


to'50 fathoms, muddy bottom: f.2-h250200e0¢ aes Se ee Stenocopia. 
Caudal rami not long and narrow, not more than one to five times as long as wide. 
BY @ Presemtien caja eo'c sca Bw ok core. cue ists Beek wa ates atest hes eee A 61. 


Outer rami of second antennz two-segmented. Rostrum small, but distinct. 
Body slender. First two segments of first antenna much the larger. Basal 
segments of inner rami of first leg longer than the outer rami. Moderate 


depths among ave. 380862 Ve 3 ieee ae Ameiropsis. 
Outer rami of second antennz one-segmented. Body slender. Rostrum 
small? Soo. cn olke oe Peace ie ye oe eee ae eee ee nee A 62. 
Caudal rami scarcely spinulose. Anal opercle perfectly smooth. Moderate 
depths among: algee} rarely littoral: 205 222 eee ee ee eee Ameira, 


Caudal rami coarsely spinulose. Anal opercle denticulate. Segments of uro- 
some coarsely spinulose. Strictly littoral, brackish and tidal pools. ...Nitocra. 
Middle segment of inner rami of second and third legs, with two sete each, of 
fourth pait; one: 132.51... ose tS ec oe Ce A 64, 
Middle segment of inner rami of second legs with two sete, of third and fourth 
legs, one each. Inner rami of second legs modified in male. One egg sac. 

‘ A 66, 
Terminal segment of fifth legs long and narrow, not foliaceous. Body short and 
depressed, its posterior part abruptly much narrowed. Males not known. 


Rostrum small. Oneeggsac. Littoral, 10 to 40 fathoms.........---- Idyopsis. 
Terminal segment of fifth legs not long and narrow, foliaceous. Two egg sacs. 
Rostrum prominent. Inner rami of second legs modified in male...-....- A 65. 


Outer rami of second antenna one-segmented. Body compressed in front, atten- 
uate behind. The two segments of the fifth legs of male confluent. Littoral 
and’ tidal pools, among algse--2-2-2- ee eee <1, Uke sa ae eee Diosaccus. 

Outer rami of second antenna two-segmented. Body slender, cylindrical. 
The two segments of fifth legs of male not confluent. Moderate depths among 
algee; not littoral......... eee Sic wld vec Co ais con a ere OEIC mea 


NO. 1758. ON MARINE COPEPODA AND OCLADOCERA.—SHARPE. 4383 





A 66. Caudal rami narrow, prolonged, and very divergent. Body elongate, subcylin- 
drical, with no sharp divisions. Large, from 2.0 to 2.5 mm. long. Truly 
pelagic, near the surface...........2.......200.-. 222 eee ee eee Halithalestris. 

Caudal rami not narrow, and not divergent; not much longer than wide..A 67. 

A 67. Rostrum sharply defined from the cephalic shield, and partially mobile. Body 
slender, cylindrical, and somewhat laterally compressed. Fifth legs of 
moderate size. Littoral and tidal pools, among algw......... Parathalestris. 

Rostrum not defined at base, short, thick, and not mobile. Body robust. 
Rami of first legs subequal in length; fifth legs large. Littoral, 10 to 20 
PL GMONMG Ai Al Peroa re Bove Ns ot hes oss Sane Sn ae Sete nea eelk Thalestris. 


UNCLASSIFIED. 


Ancorabolus, new genus, mirabilis new species, A. M. Norman, Notes on the Nat. 
Hist. of East Finmark, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vol. 10, 1902, p. 341; vol. 
11, 1903, pp. 14. 

Dermatomyzon, D. elegans C. CLtats, Arbeit. Zool. Inst. Wien, vol. 8, 1889, pp. 327-370. 

Lamippe T. Scort, 1896, Fourteenth Ann. Rept. Fisheries Board of Scotland. 

Parartotrogus, new genus, richardi, new species, Firth of Forth, T. Scorr, Ann. Mag. 
Nat. Hist. (6), vol. 11, 1893, pp. 210, 211, figs. I-11. 

Pseudocletodes, new genus, vararensis, new species, Moray Firth, T. Scorr, Ann. Mag. 
Nat. Hist. (6), vol. 12, 1893, p. 239, pl. 12, figs. 4-14. 

Pseudolaophonte for P. aculeata, off Spanish Head, Isle of Man, A. Scorr, Proc. Liv- 
erpool Biol. Soc., vol. 10, 1896, p. 144. 


SYNONYMS. 

Amymone= Tegastes. 
Beatricella=Stenhelia. 
Carillus=Peltidium. 
Cleta=Laophonte. 
Cyclopicera=Dermatomyzon. 
Cylindrosoma= Cylindropsyllus. 
Dactylopus=Dactylopusia. 
Evansia= Tetragoniceps. 
Jonesiella=Danielssenia. 
Jurinia. Related to Nannopus? (See Brady, Copepoda of the British Islands, 

vol. 2, 1880, p. 101.) 
Leptascus= Tetragoniceps ? 
Lilljeborgia= Cletodes. 
Oniscidum= Peltidium. 
Ophiocamptus= Moraria. 
Orthopsyllus= Cletodes. 
Pseudowestwoodia=Pseudothalestris. 
Reticulina=Peltidium. 
Scutellidium=Psamathe. 
Sterope=Peltidium. 
Tisbe=Idya. 
Westwoodia= Parawestwoodia® (new name). 


4Old name Westwoodia preoccupied in Hymenoptera. 


Proc.N.M.vol.38—10——28 


434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Order CLADOCERA. 
Division GYMNOMERA. 
Tribe ONYCHOPODA. 

Genus PODON Lilljeborg, 1858. 


PODON LEUCKARTI (Sars). 

Pleopis leuckartti Sars, Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiania, 1861, p. 45. 

Podon polyphemoides P. E. Miituer, Danmarks Cladocera, 1867, p. 220, pl. 6, 
figs. 5-6. 

Podon leuckarti Sars, Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiania, 1890, no. 1, p. 14.—LinusE- 
BORG, Nova Acta Regize Soc. Sci. Upsaliensis, ser. 4, vol. 19, 1901, p. 636, 
pl. 85, fig. 12; pl. 86, fig. 1-3.—Apsrern, Nordisches Plankton, Cladocera, 
Kiel, 1901, p. 13; fie. 23: 

Female from 0.89 to 1 mm. long, and about two-thirds as high. 
Males slightly smaller. Seen from the side (fig. 19 a, b), both sexes 
are broadly and evenly rounded dorso- 
posteriorly. The head has a_ nearly 
straight upper contour, about two-thirds 
as high as long, and nearly one-half the 
length of the entire body. A prominent 
convexity below and just posterior to the 
neck region.- Both branches of the two 
branched antenne (second antenne) are 
armed with six sete each, while both 
P. intermedius Lilljeborg, and P. poly- 
phemoides (Leuckart) have seven sete on 
one branch and six on the other one. 

Outer process of the first leg with one 
seta; of second leg with one seta; of third 
leg with one seta; of fourth leg with two 
sete. 

The posterior part of the body termi- 
nates in two longspines. The shell is very 
transparent, and from grayish yellow to 
whitish in color. The so-called neck gland 
is situated near the neck invagination. 





FIG. 19.—PODON LEUCKARTI. a, SIDE Remarks.—This species was noted in 
VIEW OF FEMALE; }, SIDE VIEW OF . ai Lo, 
aie: the same collections as those containing 


Yvadne nordmanna Lovén, and therefore 
with the same species of Copepoda. 

Occurrence.—Surface tidal tows at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, 
Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Also in ordinary surface tows at 10 
p. m., quiet water and northeast wind; more abundantly at 8 a. m. 
in sunlight at the same place, August 11, 1909. 

Distribution.—North Sea (Timm), May—July; off western coast of 
Europe and the Mediterranean Sea (Lilljeborg). 


-1 
oii 
on 


No. 1 ON MARINE COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA.—SHARPE. 435 


Genus EVADNE Loven, 1886. 
EVADNE NORDMANNI Lovén. 


Evadne nordmanni Lovén, Kongl. Sven. Vet. Akad. Handl., 1835, p. 1, pls. 
1-2, figs. 1-16.—Bairp, British Entomostraca, 1850, p. 114, pl. 17, fig. 2.- 
Sars, Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiania, 1890, no. 1, p. 14.—LittseBorc, Nova 
Acta Regize Soc. Sci. Upsaliensis, ser. 4, vol. 19, 1901, p. 642, pl. 86, figs. 
4-17.—ApsTEIN, Nordisches Plankton, Cladocera, Kiel, 1901, p. 12, fig. 22. 


Length of female from 0.90 to 1.15 mm. Height about one-half 
the length. Males slightly smaller, and tapering more rapidly pos- 
teriorly to a hyaline point. 

Seen from the side (fig. 20a) the female is more or less triangular, 
depending upon the number of eggs in the brood sac. The body is 
somewhat rounded posteriorly, tapering to a 
small hyaline point. Head small, not sepa- 
rated from the brood sac by a distinct invagi- 
nation, and about one-third the length of the 
rest of the body. The so-called neck gland 
is situated nearly over the eye spot. Eye 
spot as usual, large, somewhat triangular, 
and with many long crystalline lenses. 

The brood sac may contain from three to 
eight embryos, thus causing its outline to be 
quite variable. Shell plain, quite transpar- 
ent, and with no especial markings. Gray- [| 
ish white to yellowish in color. Fr aton.--tie wae ee 

Remarks.—Collected in company with Po- 4 Sipe view or FeMALe; b, SIDE 
don leuckarti, Temora longicornis, Pontella  ~"~ °° 
meadu, Acartia tonsa, Centropages hamatus, and Labidocera xstiva. 

Occurrence.—Surface tows from Bureau of Fisheries wharf, Woods 
Hole, Massachusetts, June to November. 

Distribution.—North Sea, April to August (Timm); Atlantic 
Ocean (Hansen); North Atlantic (Lilljeborg); Narragansett Bay 
(Williams); Norwegian Plankton (Apstein). 





BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


The bibliography here given includes only those names not found in Williams’ list 
in the American Naturalist, vol. 40, no. 477, September, 1906. : 
APSTEIN, C. 

1901. Nordisches Plankton. VII. Cladocera. Kiel, pp. 11-15. 
Barro, W. 
1846. On some new Genera and Species of British Entomostraca. Ann. Mag. 
Nat. Hist., vol. 17. 
1849. Arrangement of the British Entomostraca, with a list of species. Trans. 
Berwick Nat. Field Club, vol. 2. 


436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 


Brapy, G. 8. 
1872. Contributions to a study of the Entomostraca, No. 7. Ann. Mag. Nat. 
Hist., vol. 10. 
Dana, J. D. 
1849. Conspectus Crustaceorum, etc. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, 
pp. 9-55. 
Goopstr, H. D. 
1845. On several new species of Crustacea allied to Sapphrina. Ann. Mag. 
Nat. Hist., vol. 16, p. 326. 
Leacu, W. E. 
1819. Dictionary Sci. Nat., vol. 14, p. 524. Article Entomostraca. 
LILLJEBORG, W. 
1901. Cladocera Sueciz. Nova Acta, Upsala, ser. 4, vol. 19, pp. 1-701, pls. 1-87. 
LovEn, L. 
1836. Evadne Nordmanni, etc., Kongl. Sven. Vet. Akad. Handl., pp. 1-29, pls. 1-2. 
Norpaulist, O. 
1890. Bidrag till kannedomen, etc. Medd. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica, p. 17. 
Puuiiprt, A. 
1840. Fernere Beobachtungen tiber die Copepoden des Mittelmeeres. Wieg. 
Archiv. Naturg., Jahrg. 6. 
Poppe, S. A. 
1888. Ein neuer Podon aus China nebst Bemerk. zur Synom. der bisher bekann- 
ten Podon-arten. Abh. Naturw. Verein Bremen, vol. 9, pp. 295-300. 
Sars, G. O. 
1861. Om Crust. Cladocera, etc. Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiania, pp. 144-167. 
1890. Oversigt af Norges Crustaceer, etc. Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiania, No. 1. 
Scorr, T. 
1898. Rept. on the marine and fresh water crustacea from Franz Josef Land. 
Linn. Soc. Jour., Zool., vol. 27, pp. 60-126, 7 pls. 
Srenroos, K. E. 
1895. Die Cladocera der Umgebung von Helsingfors. Acta Soc. Flora et Fauna 
Fennica, vol. 11, no. 2, 1 plate. 
Tuompeson, I. C. 
1893. Revised report on the Copepoda of Liverpool Bay. Trans. Liverpool Biol. 
Soc., vol. 7, pp. 1-56, pls. 15-35. 
THORELL, T. 
1859. Bidrag till Kannedomen om Krustaceer, ete. Kongl. Sven. Vet. Akad. 
Handl., September. 
Van BREEMEN, P. J. 
1908. Nordisches Plankton. VIII, Copepoden, pp. 1-263, figs. 1-251. 
Wuirer, ADAM. 
1857. Popular History of British Crustacea. 
Witiiams, L. W. 
1906. Notes on marine Copepoda of Rhode Island. Amer. Nat., vol. 40, no. 477, 
September, pp. 639-660, figs. 1-23. 
1907. List of Rhode Island Copepoda, Phyllopoda and Ostracoda with new species 


ee ee Oe 


of Copepoda. Thirty-seventh Ann. Rept. Commis. of Inland Fisheries — 


of Rhode Island (special paper No. 30), pp. 69-79, 3 plates. 


~ 


[SCIENTIFIC RESUI.TS OF THE PHILIPPINE CRUISE OF THE FISHERIES STEAMER 
“ALBATROSS,” 1907-10.—No. 6.] 


NEW ARENACEOUS FORAMINIFERA FROM THE PHILIP- 
PINES. 


By JosEPpH AUGUSTINE CUSHMAN, 
Of the Boston Society of Natural History. 


The following genus and ten species belonging to the arenaceous 
group of the Foraminifera are believed to be new. They were 
obtained, among numerous other species, by the Bureau of Fisheries 
steamer Albatross in 
the Philippine expe- 
dition of 1907-1910. 
The species usually 
have been frequent 
or even abundant at 
the station where 
they were found and 
in some cases seem 
to have a general dis- 
tribution in many 
parts of the archipel- 
ago. Except for fig. 
7, the figuresarefrom 
photographs taken 
at the U.S. National 
Museum. 


SAGENINA DIVARI- 
CANS, new species. 
Description.—Test 
attached, tubular, 
very slender, uni- 
form in size, branching at nearly regular intervals with a wide angle, 





Fig. 1.—SAGENINA DIVARICANS. X 10. FROM PHOTOGRAPH. 


sometimes anastomosing; walls of coralline mud, somewhat rough- 


ened; apertures at the ends of the tubes; color, white. 
Diameter of the tubes 0.05 to 0.1 mm. 





PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 38—No. 1759. 


488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Ty pe-specimen.—Cat. No. 8229, U.S.N.M., from Albatross station 
5145, vicinity of Jolo, Jolo Archipelago, 23 fathoms; attached to 
hardened coral sand on the interior of a bivalve shell. 


REOPHAX PSEUDOBACILLARIS, new species. 


Description.—Test elongate, arcuate, composed of a linear series 
of chambers; chambers shorter than broad in sur- 
face view, except the one last formed, which ap- 
pears nearly spherical, numerous, sixteen to twenty 
or more; wall arenaceous, fairly coarse for the size 
of the test, slightly rough on the exterior; aper- 
ture small, in the middle of the terminal face of 
the chamber; color, dark reddish brown. 

Length up to 2 mm. 

Ty pe-specumen.—Cat. No. 8226, U.S.N.M., from 
Albatross station 5236, off the eastern coast of 
Fics. 2, 3.—Reornax Mindanao, Philippines; 494 fathoms. 

rseuponacutanis. X This species, while it has somewhat the appear- 

20. From rHotockari.  anee of R. bacillaris H. B. Brady, is much smaller, 
more arcuate, and has a dark reddish brown color. 





REOPHAX SPICULOTESTUS, new species. 


Description.—Test of medium size, composed of a linear series of 
elongate chambers, oval, in a straight or more often 
slightly curved line, contracted at the ends of each cham- 
ber, increasing rapidly in size toward the apertural end; 
perfect adult specimens with six or more chambers; 
wall thin, composed largely of siliceous sponge spicules, 
for the most part laid lengthwise of the test and firmly 
cemented; some sand grains present, usually neatly 
cemented; aperture fairly large; color, grayish. 

Length up to 2 mm. 

Ty pe-specuomen.—Cat. No. 8227, U.S.N.M., from Alba- 
tross station 5236, off the eastern coast of Mindanao; 
494 fathoms. 

This differs much in form and size from ?. spiculifer 
H. B. Brady, as well as in the very different ap- 
pearance of the test. Occurring as it does in, com- isc ae 
pany with an abundance of arenaceous species, it yx 20. From, 
shows its selective power in the composition of its test. — PHOTOGRAPH. 





| 
: 

HORMOSINA OVALIFORMIS, new species. | 
Description.—Test composed of a straight or slightly curved series 
of chambers closely joined to one another; chambers evenly tapering 
at either end, or slightly oval; aperture small, rounded; walls of fine 


no. 1759. NHW FORAMINIFERA FROM PHILIPPINES—CUSH MAN. 439 





sand and a brownish cement, slightly roughened on the outside; 
color, yellowish brown, white about the aperture. 

Length up to 2.5 mm. 

Ty pe-specuomen.—Cat. No. 8221, U.S.N.M., from Albatross station 
5236, off the eastern coast of Mindanao; 494 fathoms. 

This differs from other species of the genus in its oval, closely 
connected chambers, in its small aperture, and 
rather pointed apertural end. 


HORMOSINA ELONGATA, new species. 


Description.—Test elongate, nearly straight, com- 
posed of a series of elongate chambers; largest 
diameter near the base of each chamber, thence 
gradually narrowing toward the apertural end; wall 
rather thick, composed of fine material with much 
cement, smoothly finished; ap- 
erture rather small, elliptical; 
color, reddish brown, lighter 
about the aperture. 

Length 5 to 10 mm. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 


8263, U.S.N.M., from Albatross — Fies.5,6.—Hormosiva 
OVALIFORMIS. X 15. 
FROM PHOTOGRAPH. 





Ree eee cee nd 







station 5236, off the eastern 
coastof Mindanao; 494 fathoms. 

This species is much more elongate in regard 
to its entirety and in its individual chambers 
than other species of the genus. Its nearest re- 
lated species seems to be /ormosina carpentert 
H. B. Brady, but the curvature of the test and 
the shape of the chambers is very different. 






reo aa 


ad 


SPH ARAMMINA, new genus. 


Description.—Test composed of a series of 
chambers, the one last formed completely en- 
veloping the preceding ones, but the axis straight; 
wall] arenaceous. 

Type of the genus.—S pherammina ovalis, new 


a 


Fig. 7.—HORMOSINA ELON- : : . sae 
eal Se IR ae SIDE This genus strongly reminds one of Lllip- 


ViEW; b, APERTURAL goidina, but there is an arenaceous wall, and the 

~ connections between the apertural ends of the 
chambers are indistinct or wanting. With its straight axis it belongs 
to the Reophacine and holds a relation to Reophax and [Hormosina 
similar to that which Glandulina holds to Nodosaria. 


species. 


A 


440) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


SPHAZRAMMINA OVALIS, new species. 


Description.—Test oval or spherical, composed of a series of cham- 
bers, with a straight axis, each chamber as added extending back 
and enveloping the preceding; chambers oval or nearly spherical; 
wall of fine sand firmly cemented; aperture elliptical or rounded; 
color, grayish or yellowish brown. 

Diameter 1 to 2 mm. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 8223, U.S.N.M., from Albatross station 
5236, off the eastern coast of Min- 
danao; 494 fathoms. 

This species in many ways resem- 
bles the Miocene Ellipsoidina ellip- 
soides. The characters of the wall 
are similar to those of Hormosina. . 


HAPLOPHRAGMOIDES GRANDIFORMIS, new 
species. 


Description.—Test free, involute, 
planospiral; chambers low and broad, 
seven to nine in the last-formed coil, 
inflated; peripheral line of the test 





Fias. 8-10.—SPHARAMMINA OVALIS. X_ 15. : : 5 7 o 
FROM PHOTOGRAPH. Fics. 8 AND 9, spe IM side view considerably depressed 


VEEN Cie ee ae at the sutures; wall composed of 
rather coarse sand grains with a considerable proportion of yellowish- 
brown cement, somewhat rough on the exterior; aperture an elongate, 


curved slit at the base of the ap- 
ertural face of the chamber; color, 
light brown. 
Diameter, about 3 mm. 
Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 8217, 
U.S.N.M., from Albatross station 
5152, near the Tawi Tawi group; 
if 


) 
34 fathoms. 


This is a large species somewhat 
resembling H. canariense, but in- 
volute with broad low chambers. 


AMMOBACULITES REOPHACIFORMIS, new 
species. 





Description.—Test free, elongate- 
Fig. 11.—HAPLOPHRAGMOIDES GRANDIFORMIS 


fusiform; early portion consisting IGE: piace 


of chambers arranged in a close- 

coiled planospiral series, much compressed, later portion straight, 
Reophax-like, consisting of a linear series of chambers progressively 
increasing in size; wall coarsely arenaceous, ‘rough, fairly thick; 


NO. 1759. NEW FORAMINFERA FROM PHILIPPINES—CUSH MAN. 441 





aperture circular, in the middle of the terminal face, often on a pro- 
jecting, neck-like portion; color variable, usually white or gray. ° 

Length, up to 3.5 mm., diameter, 0.4 to 1.0 mm. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 8207, U.S.N.M., from Albatross station 
5156. 

This is typically a shallow-water coral reef species, and has 
been found abundantly in the 
Philippine material from such 
stations, between 16 and 78 
fathoms. 

The early coiled portion 
separates it from Leophaz, 
but the later portion alone 
would be described as be- 
longing to that genus. At 
first I took it to be the micro- 
spheric form of some species 
of Reophaz, but it is very 
abundant and when perfect 
seems always to have the 
coiled early development. Figs. 12-14.—AMMOBACULITES REOPHACIFORMIS. X 25. 
Reophax scorpiurus, which it ee 
in some ways resembles, is a common species in the same locality, but 
in the material examined was not seen to have a true close-coiled 
young in any case, although the young portion is often curved. 





AMMOBACULITES CYLINDRICUS, new species. 
Haplophragmium calcareum (part), WH. B. Brapy, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, 
vol. 9, 1884, pl. 23, fig. 6. 
FH. agglutinans Furnt, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1897 (1899), p. 275, pl. 19, fig. 2 (not 
Spirolina agglutinans d’Orbigny). 

Description.—Test free, elongate, cylindrical; early chambers 
planospiral, completely involute, with five to six chambers in each 
volution; later portion uncoiled, cylindrical, 
made up of a linear series of chambers; wall 
coarsely arenaceous, but the surface rather 
smoothly finished; aperture in the middle of 
the terminal face in the uncoiled portion sim- 
ple; color, gray. 





PrCePIbeie l= Manon acutnres Length, 2 mm., diameter, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. 
CYLINDRICUS. X 20. FROM Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 8205, U.S.N.M., 
PHOTOGRAPH. = 


from Albatross station 5201. 

This species differs from the ordinary form of A. caleareus in its 
cylindrical shape and from A. agglutinans in the greater proportion of 
coiled chambers, which are completely involute. 


442 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 


AMMOSPHAEROIDINA GRANDIS, new species. 


Description.—Test large, globular, in adults usually made up of 
three visible chambers, one large one and 
two smaller ones on the opposite side; 
wall coarsely arenaceous, but with a fairly 
smooth exterior; aperture at the base of 
the largest chamber crescentic or semicir- 
cular, nearly opposite the suture marking 
the juncture of the walls of the two 
smaller chambers; color, grayish-brown. 
Diameter, up to 3 mm. 
Ty pe-specumen.—Cat. No. 8209, 
U.S.N.M., from Albatross station 5236, 
Figs. 17-19.—AMMOSPHAEROIDINA Off the eastern coast of Mindanao; 494 
GRANDIS. X 8. FROM PHOTOGRAPH. 
FIGURES AT UPPER RIGHT AND BELow fathoms. 
Paes ere eta gaa : This species differs from the allied A. 
sphaeroidiniformis (H. B. Brady) in its much larger size, more regular 
form, and smooth surface. It was abundant at the above station. 





THE DERMAPTERA (EARWIGS) OF THE UNITED STATES 
NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


By Matcotm Burr, 
Fellow of the Entomological, Zoological, and Linnean Societies of London. 


The opportunity of examining the collection of Dermaptera (Ear- 
wigs) in the United States National Museum has been a very great 
privilege to me. It has enabled me to see the types of many of the 
American species at a time when an examination of most of the types 
of the European collections has been fresh in my memory. In several 
instances [ have actually been able to compare the types of Caudell 
and Rehn with those of older European authors. Consequently 
T have been able to correlate the work done in recent years in America 
with that done by European authors. When we remember that of 
all the types of earwigs in existence, with the exception of those of 
Scudder, Caudell, and Rehn, are preserved in European collections, 
the importance of this opportunity will be realized. 

The Dermapatera are not an easy group, and the difficulty is in- 
creased by the fact that no satisfactory general comprehensive account 
based upon a thorough examination of original specimens has yet 
been published; for de Bormans’ Monograph has numerous imper- 
fections, and is already long since out of date. So few species have 
been well illustrated that it is of the utmost importance that authen- 
tic collections be compared. It is the remoteness of the muse- 
ums of England, Paris, Vienna, Berlin, etc., that is responsible for 
such errors as have crept into the work of the American authors. 
Knowing only too well the difficulties in dealing with such a group, 
when our total knowledge is so imperfect, the classification in a state 
of flux, and the material available relatively so small, I can not sup- 
press my surprise that the work of the American authors is so good. 

Several years of friendly correspondence with Prof. Lawrence 
Bruner and Messrs. Scudder, Rehn, and Caudell has thus been 
crowned with an actual examination of the material on which they 
worked, so that the friendship grown up in spite of the intervening 
seas has been carried to its logical conclusion. 

I hope that this account of an European entomologist’s examina- 
tion of American material may be of real use in correlating the labors 
of the workers in the Old and New Worlds. 





Proceepinas U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1760. 
445 


444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








My sincere thanks are due the officers of the United States National 
Museum for so kindly admitting me to an examination of this mate- 
rial at my own convenience, and to my friend, Mr. A. N. Caudell, 
for his unwearying assistance and courtesy. 


Subfamily APACHYID. 


Genus APACHYUS Serville. 
1. DEPRESSUS Palisot de Beauvois. 
Africa.—Liberia, Mount Coffee, March, 1897, two females (R. P. 
Yurrie). ‘‘More in spirits.” 
Both these are the true A. depressus, with pale elytra. 


Family PYGIDICRANID®. 

Subfamily DIPLATYIN 2. 

Genus DIPLATYS Serville. 
1. JANSONI Kirby. 

(ruatemala.—Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, March 26 and 31, 
1907 (Schwarz and Barber). [The original two females quoted by 
Caudell, 1907’, p. 170.] 

2. SEVERA Bormans. 

Guatemala.—Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, April 13 to 21, 
1906, male and female (Schwarz and Barber). ([Caudell, 19077, p. 
169.] 

Subfamily KARSCHIELLIN 4. 
Genus KARSCHIELLA Verheeff 
1. CAMERUNENSIS Verheeff. 

Congo.—Luebo (Dr. W. Snyder). 

The specimen is recorded by Rehn [1905', p. 504] as Bormansia 
meridionalis Burr. The specimen is not mature, but it is more 
probably referable to . camerunensis or else to K. neaver Burr, both 
of which are West African forms. B. meridionalis is recorded from 
Transvaal. 

Subfamily PYGIDICRANIN Ji. 


Genus PYGIDICRANA Serville. 


1, V- NIGRUM Serville. 
Brazil.—Bonito Province, Pernambuco, January 17,1883 (Koebele). 
One female and one broken specimen. 


Family LABIDURID. 
Subfamily ALLOSTHTHIN 42. 


Genus ALLOSTETHUS Verhoeff. 
1. INDICUM (Hagenbach). 
Lower Siam.—Khow Sai Dow, Trong. 1,000 feet elevation. Jan- 
uary-February, 1899 (W. L. Abbott). (Cat. No. 8167.) 
This is the type of Labidurodes magnificus Rehn [1905', p. 504, fig. 3], 
which must accordingly fall as a synonym. 


no. 1760. THE EARWIGS OF THE U.S.NATIONAL MUSEUM—BURR. 445 








Subfamily PYRAGRIN 2. 


/ Genus PYRAGRA Serville. 
1. FUSCATA Serville. 


Costa Rica.—San Carlos (Schild-Burgdorf). Fragment. [See Rehn, 
19032, p. 299.] : 

British Honduras.—Bengue Viejo, July, 1904 (W. A. Stanton). 

[ also refer here, with a little hesitation, Rehn’s type of Echinopsalis 
brevibractea [1903?, p. 300], taken by G. IT. Osborn in Mexico, Motzo- 
rongo, Veracruz, January, 1892. (Cat. No. 7078.) The specimen 
is immature, and consequently the specific characters are not prop- 
erly developed. But it has a superficial appearance of this species or 
else of the P. dohrni. 

P. fuscata is recorded from Mexico by de Bormans, Dohrn, and 
Burr. 

I agree with Rehn in restoring Serville’s name for this species. 

2. DOHRNI Scudder. 

Peru.—Piches and Perene valleys, 2,000 to 3,000 feet. (Cat. No. 
8171.) 

This is Rehn’s type of Pygidicrana peruviana [1905', p. 501], a 
female, so that name consequently falls as a synonym. 

3. BUSCKI Caudell. 

Cuba.— Baracoa, October 14, 1901 (Busck), one male. Type of 
Caudell [1907', p. 166]. (Cat. No. 10288.) 

Jamaica.—‘‘In rotten palm,” March 18, 1907 (W. Johnston). 

This is a good species; it is related to P. paraquayensis Borelli 
and P. brunnea Burr, differing from both in the nearly glabrous body 
and absence of keels on the upper surface of the last dorsal segment. 

This group differs from that of P. fuscata in the transverse pro- 


notum. 
ARTHROEDETUS BARBERI Caudell. 


Guatemala.—Polochic River (H. S. Barber). (Cat. No. 10366.) 
Type of Caudell [1907?, p. 171]. 

The apparently anomalous features of this creature are due to the 
immaturity of the specimen; the very long third antennal segment 
is a well-known characteristic of nymphs and larve; Terry (1905) 
has shown that the apical segments all grow out of the third, which is 
consequently extra long in immature specimens. The features of the 
thorax, are explainable in the same way. 

It is impossible to say to what species it should be referred; very 
likely to Pyragra fuscata Serville, or some ally. 


Genus ECHINOPSALIS Bormans. 


1, GUTTATA Bormans. 

Paraiso, Canal Zone (P. B. Preston). 

A single female, with the abdomen broken off and cemented on again 
upside down. 


446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Guatemala.—Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, April 23 (Barber). 
This larva seems to be referable here. It is quoted by Caudell as 
Psalis, species [1907’, p. 172]. 


Subfamily HCHINOSOMATIN =“. 


Genus ECHINOSOMA Serville. 


1. WAHLBERGI Dohrn 
Africa.—Liberia, Mount Coffee (R. P. Currie), one female. 


Subfamily PSALIN 4“. 


Genus PSALIS Serville. 
1. PULCHRA Rehn. 


Nicaraqua.—1873, one male. ‘‘Accession 13755.” 

Trinidad.—One male (Busck). Caudell’s specimen [1907', p. 167]. 

Caudell [1907!, p. 167], tells us that Labia pictipennis of Bruner 
(1906) isasynonym. Itisvery close to P. rosenbergi Burr. The color, 
especially of the latter, is so variable that IT can only find the hairy 
body and blunter angles at the sides of the sixth to the ninth abdomi- 
nal segments of the male to distinguish the latter. P. pulchra is 
probably identical with P. percheron Guerin. 

2. AMERICANA Palisot de Beauvois. 

Colombia.—Bogota, one broken specimen. 

Santo Domingo.—San_ Francisco Mountains, September, 1905 
(Busck), two females (see Caudell, 19071) with the spot of the elytra 
ill-defined, ocher yellow in color. 

Cuba.—Cayamas (Schwarz). 

Immature specimens of most or all species of this genus may be, 
and probably often are, confused with Anisolabis, as Rehn rightly 
suggests [1903?, p. 301]. 

3. GAGATINA Klug. 

Porto Rico —Utuado, January, 1899 (Busck), and El Yunque 
(Dr. C. W. Richmond). 

Santo Domingo.—San_ Francisco Mountains, September, 1905 
(Busck). [Caudell, 19071, p. 170.] 

These are the specimens recorded by Rehn as Apterygida buscki 
[19034, p. 129; type!] and by Caudell as Sphingolabis buscki (1907, 
p. 170]. They only differ in their smaller size and slenderer build 
from Peruvian and Ecuadorian specimens of Psalis colombiana 
Bormans, which is identical with Carcinophora robusta Scudder, 
which, in my opinion, is indistinguishable from Psalis gagatina of 
Burmeister, a species about which no one has felt certain hitherto. I 
consider that the genus Carcinophora coincides with Psalis, as the only 
character, absence of wings, is valueless. A. busckt would then be an 
insular, somewhat stunted, race. The finest specimens known are 
those recorded by Borelli from Costa Rica; some of these have a 
small yellowish spot near the lateral margin of the elytra; this repre- 


no. 1760. THE EARWIGS OF THE U.S.NATIONAL MUSEUM—BURR. 447 





sents the transition to P. americana. The specimen figured by de 
Bormans [1903, pl. 1, fig. 5] has spotted elytra, and is probably 
referable to P. americana or P. pulchra. 

4, CINCTICOLLIS Gerstacker. 

Africa.—Liberia, Mount Coffee, three males and one female (R. P. 
Currie). 

I have recently shown [1909°, p. 113] that Brachylabis cincticollis of 
Gerstiecker is the nymph of Psalis picina Kirby, so the true name of 
this species is Psalis cincticollis (Gerstwecker). 

5. NIGRA Caudell. 

Trinidad. —Montserrat, July 4, 1905; a single female taken by 
Busck. (Cat. No. 10290.) Caudell’s type (1907'), p. 167. 

It is unfortunate that the male is unknown. The almost square 
pronotum, rounded posteriorly, and the short, thick antennal segments 
are the most distinctive features. 

It appears to be allied to P. gagatena Bormans and the African 
P. cincticollis Gerstecker. 


Genus ANISOLABIS Fieber. 
1. ANNULIPES Lucas. 

Mexico.—One female. 

Mexico.—Minatilan, February 1, 1902 (H. Osborn), one female. 
[See Rehn, 1903’, p. 304.] 

Mexico.—(Duges), two females. One specimen is determined by 
Rehn as A. antoni Dohrn, but I consider that species identical with 
A. annulipes Lucas. [See Rehn, 19037, p. 305.] 

Paraguay.—Sapucay (W. F. Foster). Caudell’s originals of A. 
azteca [1904, p. 180], which I also consider synonymous with A. 
annulipes, as has been suggested by Rehn [1906, p. 109].* 

Hawav.—Honolulu, three males, five larve (Kotinsky). 

California.—(C. V. Riley), one female. 

Algeria —‘On a date palm;” labeled “An. mauritanica Lucas, I 
believe.” 

Guatemala.—Chiantla, one female. 

Cuba.—Baracoa, one male, September (Busck). [Caudell, 1907", 
p- 168.] 

Porto Rico.—Fajardo (Busck). <A fine female. [See Rehn, 1903', 
p. 129.] 

Florida.—Crescent City (C. V. Riley), one male. ‘‘New Orleans, 
La”’ (Shufeld) (C. V. Riley), one female. 

Guadeloupe.—A. bormansi, Scudder’s type; female, Guadeloupe, 
undoubtedly referable here; agrees with Caudell and Rehn. 





a1 have since seen Dohrn’s types of A. azteca; it is a good species, probably a 
Gonolabis: the so-called A. azteca of literature are, however, probably all referable 
to A. annulipes: Dohrn’s type of A. antoni is certainly indistinguishable from 
A. annulipes. 


448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Arizona.—Yuma, August 16, 1902 (Brown), one female. 
Trinidad.—(Busck), one female. ‘A. antoni.” [Caudell, 1907', 

p. 168.] 

2. XENIA Kirby. : 
Hawau.—(Henshaw), one male, determined as A. maritima. 
Hawaii.—Tantalas, one male (Kotinsky); also determined as A. 

maritima. 

This is a little known species. In the brown head and pronotum 
it approaches A. littorea, but the excavate forceps are distinctive. 

3. PLUTO Rehn. 

Liberia.—Mount Coffee (O. F. Cook). Cat. No. 8165. Rehn’s 

type. [See Rehn, 1905!, p. 506, fig. 4.] 

Being a female, it is impossible to define its true affinities; perhaps 
it is the female of A. rufescens Kirby.4 

4. MARITIMA Bonelli. 

Canary Islands.—Tenerifle, Bayamas, two females. (I am inclined 
to think that one of these is a female of A. maxima Brullé.) 

New Zealand.—One female and a larva (Koebele). 

Santo Domingo.—San Francisco Mountains, one female. 

Porto Rico.—Bayamon, January, 1899, two males (Busck). One 

is unusually small. [See Rehn, 1903*, p. 129.] 

Japan.—Two males and one female. 
5. MARGINALIS Dohrn. 

Japan.—Two males and one female. 

These appear to be the true A. marginalis of Dohrn, but the sculp- 
ture of the abdomen is not very: well marked. 


Genus BORELLIA (Burr).6 


1. ————- Species. 

Nicaragua.—‘ Accession No. 26695.” 

This specimen is incomplete; it is a large species, perhaps related to 
B. peruviana Bormans, but not so intensely black as that species. 
2. JANEIRENSIS Dohrn. 

Porto Rico.—Utado, January, 1899 (Busck), [Caudell, 1907', p. 168], 
one female. 

Jamaica.—‘In rotten palm.’”’ March 19, 1907 (J. R. Johnston), 
No. 22, one female. 
3. MINUTA Caudell. 

Porto Rico.—Mayaguez, one female (Busck). [Syntype of Caudell, 
1907', p. 168.] 





a] have since seen the type of Dohrn’s A. angulifera; it is the male corresponding 
to A. pluto. I am not yet prepared to discriminate satisfactorily between this 
species and A. annulipes. 

bThis name is preoccupied by Borellia Rehn, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 
1906, p. 379, soa new name is required. I propose Luborellia. 


ee 


no. 1760. THE EARWIGS OF THE U.S.NATIONAL MUSEUM—BURR. 449 


This species seems indistinguishable from the Oriental B. stali of 
Dohrn, of which it is probably an introduced specimen. The one 
examined is a little broader than the usual B. stali and less intensely 
black in color. 

Subfamily LABIDURIN 42%. 
Genus LABIDURA (Leach). 
1. RIPARIA Palisot de Beauvois. 

British Honduras.—Bengue Viejo (W. A. Stanton), one female, 
1906. This dark specimen is labeled ‘ Forficula smithi female ?,” and 
also “ Psalis.”’ 

Mexico.—Oaxaca, Rio Antonio, one female (F. Knab); ‘Mat XI,” 
one female. (Accession No. 20097.) 

Mexico.—Cordoba, one male, April 24, 1908 (F. Knab). 

Japan.—Three males. 

England.—Wants Christchurch, August, 1904, male and female 
(W. J. Lucas), one female (C. V. Riley). ‘‘Gigas of Eur.”’ 

Africa.—Kongo Free State, 39,” one male. Luebo, one female 
and one larva (Dr. W. Snyder), see Rehn [1905!, p. 502]. 

Porto Rico.—Fajardo, February, 1899, one female (Busck) [see 
Rehn, 1903', p. 129], one male and three larvee. 

Bermuda.—*‘ Accession No.17400.”’ Three determined as L. bidens 
by Rehn, who provisionally follows Kirby’s arrangement of this species 
or group of species. 

Java.—Buitenzorg, one dark female, April-December, 1897 (Fair- 
child). 

China.—Pekin, Chilli, April, 1901, Cat. No. 8164. Rehn’s type of 
Labidura mongolica [19051, p. 503]. It is a male, and not specifically 
distinct from typical L. riparia, though a fine large form. This 
species darkens rapidly after death. 

Cuba.—Cabanas (Palmer and Riley), “L. bidens.”’ 

2. LIVIDIPES Dufour. 

Philippines.—Bay Laguna (P. Stangl). Several specimens of 

both sexes (four males, three females). Bacor,one male, three females 


(P. Stangl). Balinag, male (A. P. Ashby). 





Subfamily BRACH YLABIN ©. 


Genus LEPTISOLABIS Verhoeff. 
1. HOWARDI, new species. 

Staura minore, gracili; colore atro, antennis pedibusque palles- 
centibus, corpus totum confertim punctulatum; oculi magni, mar- 
ginem posticum capitis fere attingentes; pronotum elongatum et 
postice ampliatum, margine antico in collem productum; forcipis 
bracchia maris cylindrica, basi haud contigua, sensim arcuata. 

Male.—Length of body 8 mm.; length of forceps 1.75 mm. Size 
small and slender. 

Color jet black, dull. The whole body clothed with long golden 
pubescence. The whole surface finely punctulate. 

Proc. N. M. vol. 38—10——29 


450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


a ———_— 


Antenne with thirteen segments, brownish gray, all the segments 
very thick, third scarcely longer than broad, fourth really broader 
than long; fifth globular, the rest gradually lengthening and also 
thickening. 

Head tumid, hinder margin straight, sides convex, and in front 
triangular; the small marks on the frons indistinct. The punctu- 
lations are exceedingly fine. 

The eyes are very large and prominent, ovate in shape, and extend 
from the insertion of the antenna almost to the posterior margin of 
the head, gently converging posteriorly. 

Pronotum about one and one-half times as long as the average 
breadth, all margins straight, sides gently diverging as the pronotum 
widens somewhat posteriorly. The anterior margin has the middle 
portion produced slightly, and carries a short but distinct cylindrical 
neck, so that the head is distinctly separated from the pronotum. 
Mesonotum transverse, posterior margin truncate; sides not keeled, 
but raised with blunt, tumid ridges converging posteriorly. Metano- 
tum strongly concave posteriorly, almost entirely covering the first 
abdominal segment. 

The whole of the thoracic plates are dull black and densely and finely 
punctulate. 

The prosternum is twice as long as wide, parallel. 

Mesosternum and metasternum somewhat broader than long, the 
posterior margin truncate; sternal plates reddish black and densely 
and finely punctulate. 

Legs typical, femora slender, black, yellow at the base and apex, 
long and slender. 

Tibiz long and slender, yellowish. 

Tarsi yellowish, long and slender. The second segment elongate 
and cylindrical, nearly as long as the third; the first is longer than 
the second and third combined. 

Abdomen typical, of the same color and sculpture as the rest of 
the body, passing to reddish beneath; lateral tubercles on third and 
fourth segments faint. Last dorsal segment very short and trans- 
verse, but narrower than the abdomen; posterior margin narrowed, 
and concave in the middle, leaving a short triangular lobe on each side 
projecting shghtly over the forceps. 

Penultimate ventral segment short and broad, very obtusely 
rounded. 

Pygidium short, very narrow, and compressed. 

Forceps with the branches remote at the base, cylindrical, tapering, 
straight at first, gently arcuate toward the apex. 

Guatemala.—Provincia de Alta Vera Paz, Trece Aguas, Cacao, 
April 19 (Schwarz and Barber). (In U. 8S. National Museum.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 13087, U.S.N.M. 


no. 1760. THE EARWIGS OF THE U.S.NATIONAL MUSEUM—BURR. 451 


Named in honor of Dr. L. O. Howard, of the Department of Agri- 
culture. 

This is the original specimen recorded by Caudell from Guatemala 
[1907, p. 172] as B. nigra. Owing to the distance from Peru, I was not 
surprised to find that this specimen is distinct. The true B. nigra 
is a Ctenisolabis with a keeled mesonotum; this specimen, having no 


sharp keel on the mesonotum, is a Leptisolabis. I have not been 
able to compare it with the types of Verhoefl’s African species, but a 
Neotropical and an Ethiopian species of scarce archaic, apterous ear- 
wigs are not likely to be confused. 

All the Brachylabine have a strong family likeness; at first glance, 
L. howardi. looks like B. nigra, but the non-keeled mesonotum dis- 
tinguishes it at once; the fourth to sixth antennal segments are 
shorter and the pronotum longer. It is more difficult to separate 
from L. punctata, from Java, but it is smaller and slenderer, the 
sculpture is finer, and the antennal segments shorter. 

Probably some other species are confused in collections under the 
name of “ Brachylabis nigra.” 


family LABITD. 
Subtamily NHSOGASTRIN “. 


Genus NESOGASTER Verheceff. 


1. RUFICEPS Erichson. 
Australia.—One nymph (kXosbele). 
Subfamily LABIIN 4. 
Genus LABIA Leach. 
1, SILVESTRII Borelli. 

Paraguay.—Puerto Bertoni. (Cat. No. 8303.) 

This specimen, a female, is a syntype of Borelli, sent from Turin to 
be compared with the type of L. paraguayensis Caudell. — It approaches 
that species in the form of the pronotum and antenne, but the seg- 
ments of the latter are rather strongly pyriform than conical; the 
abdomen also is parallel and not dilated. The forceps and pygidium 
are also somewhat different in both sexes. 

2. UNIDENTATA Palisot de Beauvois. 

This species was originally described by Palisot de Beauvois from 
Santo Domingo; Bolivar has since applied the name to specimens 
from Cuba. Labia burgess. Scudder, from Texas, appears to me to 
be the same thing, with abbreviated wings. Experience has shown 
over and over again that the abbreviation of the wings is a very 
common condition among earwigs, and is absolutely valueless as a 
specific char acter, although it somewhat alters the superfict ial appear- 
ance of the specimens. Now, | consider that the various specimens 
examined by me, from Cuba, Florida, Texas, Santo Domingo, 
Georgia, and St. Vincent, are all one and the same species, offering 
certain variation within determined limits, as is frequently the case 


452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





in other earwigs. This variation consists, in addition to the abbre- 
viation of the wings already referred to, of the strength of the teeth 
of the male forceps, intensity of coloration from light reddish brown 
to blackish castaneous, and size. As L. unidentata is the earliest 
name which seems applicable to the species, I accept it and sink as 
synonymous also the following names: L. guttata Scudder, L. melan- 
cholica Scudder, and L. pulchella Serville. None of the descriptions 
show any valid specific characters for discriminating these species, 
and as the burden of proof lies with the describer, they may be safely, 
until such time as some further author, with ample material and a 
complete familiarity of the group, shall prove them to be distinct. 

L. pulchella Serville [1839, p. 42], from New York, is fully winged; 
so is L. guitata Scudder [1876°, p. 265], from Texas; it is true Scudder 
compares his type with L. pulchella, but he does not succeed, in my 
opinion, in making a good case. It should be possible to find in the 
northeastern States specimens agreeing with Scudder’s description of 
L. quttata from ‘Texas. 

L. melancholica Scudder [1876%, p. 267], also from Texas, is also a 
winged form, but the wings have no yellow spots; the male, moreover, 
is unknown. It is described as a ‘‘slender, graceful, and very dark- 
colored species, related to L. burgesst.’ I possess a dark female from 
Santo Domingo which agrees with this description. I look upon 
L. melancholica merely as a dark-winged form. 

L. burgessi Scudder [1876%, p. 266], described from Florida, is a 
wingless form, and consequently the appearance is altered; but, 
structurally, syntypes of Scudder in my collection are not specifically 
different from Bolivar’s specimen of L. wnidentata from Cuba, nor from 
specimens from Trinidad, in the U.S. National Museum, determined 
by Caudell as L. brunnea. I possess specimens from Thomasville, 
Georgia, which are structurally indistinguishable from L. burgessi, 
but much darker in color. 

To recapitulate, all the brown nearctic Labias should, in my opin- 
ion, be regarded as a single variable species; to it we give the oldest 
applicable name L. unidentata Palisot de Beauvois, and sink as synony- 
mous the following: L. pulchella Serville [1839, p. 42]; L. guttata 
Scudder [1876*, p. 265]; L. burgesst Scudder [1876°, p. 266]; and L. 
melancholica Scudder [1876*, p. 267]. 

United States.—Florida. (L. burgessi) “agrees with a female type 
in Seudd. coll. A. N. Caudell.”” North Carolina, Dept. Agric. Entom. 
Cat. No. 420, “collected and donated by W. F. Fiske.’’ [Caudell, 
1901', p. 168.) (L. burgessi, female.) 

Porto Rico.—Aguadilla, “A. gravidula”’ and one female. 

Jamaica.—Male, labeled “ZL. arachidis.” 

Trinidad.—San Francisco Mountains, four males and three females. 
(L. pulchella.) 

Cuba.—Cayamas, female (Schwarz). (L. pulchella.) 


no.1760. THE EARWIGS OF THE U.S.NATIONAL MUSEUM—BURR. 458 


Mexico.—Orizaba, January 9 to 16, 1902 (H. Osborn). Deter- 
mined by Rehn. One female. 

Rehn [1903?, p. 305] doubtfully refers this specimen to L. gut- 
tata Scudder as not quite agreeing with Scudder’s description. It is 
a female, in not very good condition. I prefer to regard it, with some 
doubt, as a female of L. wnidentata. 


3. BILINEATA Scudder. 

Guatemala.—Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, one male (Barber). 
[See Caudell, 1907’, p. 173.] 

4. ARACHIDIS Yersin. 

“From a ship at San Francisco which arrived from India” (Cat. 
No. 6588), two males, labeled ‘ Carcinophora, sp.”’ 

Mexico.—Cordoba, one female, April 26, 1908 (Knab). 

Hawav.—Honolulu, one female (M. van Dine). On label it is 
suggested that this specimen might be S. hawaiensis Bormans, or 
L. pygidiata, Bormans. 

5. ANNULATA Fabricius. 
Forficula annulata Faericrus, 1793, p. 4. 
Labia annulata Rewn. 
? Forficula dorsalis BURMEISTER, 1838, p. 754. 
Labia chalybea DouRN, 1864, p. 429 (and authors). 
Labia arcuata ScupvER, 1876%, p. 257 (and authors). 
Labia flaviscuta REHN, 1903”, p. 305. 

The above synonymy calls for some comments. I follow Rehn in 
restoring Fabricius’ name, which is perfectly applicable to this species, 
as de Bormans had noticed (1900, p. 69), in his contention that the 
mass of doubtful names of older authors should be reduced as far as 
possible, and that an absolute proof of identity is not necessary 
where the evidence is fairly strong in favor if so doing, provided that 
there be no evidence to the contrary. Fabricius’ species is recorded 
from ‘America meridionalis insule.’’ This justifies our use of the 
name L. annulata Fabricius, in place of the more familiar L. arcuata 
Scudder. 

Now as to L. flaviscuta Rehn. I consider it to be identical with 
the variety of Z. arcuata having yellow pronotum, as mentioned by 
de Bormans (1893, p. 6, and 1900, p. 69). The shorter wings and 
somewhat longer pronotum of the female, quoted by Rehn to differ- 
entiate L. flaviscuta, are not, in my opinion, of sufficient value as 
discriminating characters. 

Next, as to the identity of ZL. arcuata with L. chalybea. Two of 
Dohrn’s original specimens of L. chalybea are in the Vienna Museum 
and both are from Venezuela; one, apparently a female, has the 
head and apex of the abdomen missing; it is dull brown in color and 
strongly pubescent. I can not distinguish it from females of L. 
arcuata Scudder. 

The other specimen is also a female; its pygidium is narrow, bluntly 
conical, with two minute points at the apex. Moreover, the elytra, 
though bluish, are paler at the shoulders, and strongly pubescent. 


454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


Now although the typical L. arcwata of Scudder differs rather decid- 
edly from what has always been regarded as L. chalybea, I have 
examined specimens from various localities, which fill in the gap, and 
in some cases both forms are taken together. 

The typical L. arcuata form is rather large, broad, with more or 
less dilated abdomen, brownish color, strong pubescence, and 
strongly bowed forceps, often with a small tooth. 

The typical L. chalybea is narrower, the abdomen not dilated, the 
elytra steel-blue, feebly or not at all pubescent, the forceps unarmed 
and gently arcuate. 

It will be admitted by all that the curvature of the forceps, the 
intensity of coloration, and strength of the pubescence are unstable 





characters. 

Accordingly, we turn to the pygidium to decide the question. 
Now, here I am compelled to admit that even the pygidium fails 
through instability of form. 

I possess in my own collection two fine males of the undoubtd 
L. arcuata form, both taken by Mr. W. F. Hl. Rosenberg at an eleva- 
tion of about 1,000 feet, at Chimbo, in Ecuador, in August, 1897. 
In one the pygidium is very broad and swollen at each side into a 
blunt, thick tubercle; in another the pygidium is less broad, trun- 
‘ate, with a fine point at each corner. This is the pygidium that we 
associate with L. chalybea, but the general form and color of the body 
is decidedly that of L. arcuata. 

T have seen both forms of pygidium also in specimens from Mexico. 
The small, steel-blue forms which are generally called L. chalybea 
have the two-point pygidium; the L. arcuata form has it as often as 
not. Therefore we can not distinguish the two by the forms of the 
pygidium of the male. 

In Dohrn’s original female in the Vienna Museum the pygidium is 
narrower, bluntly conical, with two minute points at the apex. Two 
of Caudell’s females from Guatemala of the L. chalybea form, but 
labeled L. arcuata, have a broader, truncate pygidium, with a fine 
point at each corner. 

Borelli’s specimens of L. chalybea from Paraguay have the trun- 
cate two-point pygidium in the male, but the female has a simple 
conical pygidium. 

If we regard L. chalybea as distinct from L. annulata, basing our 
separation on the form of the pygidium, we must disregard the other 
features of size, color, and pubescence. If we follow them, we must 
disregard the form of the pygidium. 

In his description of L. arcwata Seudder refers to the pygidium of 
the male as ‘‘very broad, bifid, with large teeth.’’ Dohrn does not— 
refer to this organ in his deseription of L. chalybea. 

In de Bormans’ manuscript album, now in my possession, there 
are colored drawings of the male of each form and outline sketches of © 


no.1760. THE FARWIGS OF THE U.S.NATIONAL MUSEUM—BURR. 455 


the female. He makes no distinction whatever between the females 
of the two, and in the males the only distinction lies in the visible 
pygidium of L. arcuata, which it is retracted in L. chalybea; so we see 
that de Bormans had no clear idea of the separation of the two. 

But an examination under the microscope of the pygidium of a 
number of specimens of both sexes from various localities shows that 
these apparently decisive distinctions in the shape of this organ are 
merely differences of degree. In some the points are finer than 
others, or longer, or shorter, sometimes almost obsolete. 

When I look at one or two specimens, they seem so distinct that I 
wonder how I could ever confuse them. When I look at a longer 
series, | can not make up my mind where to draw the line. 

Brunner also felt the uncertainty, for in his collection a number of 
specimens are placed with the 
undoubted L. arcuata form which 
are indistinguishable from some 
labeled L. chalybea. 

Thus we are compelled to admit 
that a very uncertain line sepa- 
rates the typical LZ. arcuata form 
from the typical chalybea form. 

They pass insensibly from one to 
the other, just as the various races ‘ 
of L.riparia. I prefertoregard it as 
one species, under the name Labia 
annulata Fabricius, with three dis- 
tinct forms, varieties, races, or sub- 
species, namely, arcuata Scudder, 
flaviscuta Rehn,and chalybea Dohrn. 

Mexico.—Cordoba, one male Fig. 1.—ANTENNA AND FORCEPS OF LABIA PARA- 
(F. Knab); Orizaba, January 9 to ae 
16, 1897 (H. Osborn). Rehn’s type of LZ. flaviscuta [1903?, p. 305]. 

Guatemala.—Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, two males (Schwarz 
and Barber). Caudell’s originals (1907?, p. 173) of L. arcuata and L. 





chalybea. 
6. PARAGUAYENSIS Caudell. 
Paraguay.—Sapucay, two males and two females (W. T. Foster), 


Cat. No. 8025. Types and syntypes of Caudell [1904, p. 181]. 

This is a good species, falling into the.same group as L. arachidis 
Yersin, and L. silvestrit Borelli, characterized by the pyriform or clavate 
segments of the antennex. (fig. 1.) 

7. MAEKLINI Dohrn. 

Santo Domingo.—San Francisco Mountains, one female (Busck) 
A remarkable pale thin female, apparently new. 

This single female resembles specimens in my own collection which 
were determined by de Bormans as L. meklini; but is somewhat 





456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 38. 





narrower and the coloration differs a good deal in detail, though 
agreeing broadly. Upon color I place no reliance. 
8. MEXICANA Bormans. 

Dominica.—August (Buseck). 

This specimen agrees well with de Bormans type now in the Hof- 
Museum, Vienna. It does not seem to be a common species; it is 
well characterized by the long bifid pygidium of the male. 

9. BREVIFORCEPS Caudell. 

Caudell’s type [1907?, p. 174] agrees with L. luzonica very closely; 
the pronotum seems a little wider posteriorly (in luzonica sides also 
rounded). The color is a little darker. It also resembles L. meklini. 

Further material is required before its true affinities can be 
determined. 

10. TRINITATIS Bruner. 

Trinidad.—June, one male and one female (Busck). 

Dominica.—August, one female (Busck). 

Cuba.—Cayamas, one male (Schwarz). 

Caudell’s original [1907!, p. 169] seems allied with L. chalybea, but 
differs in the redder abdomen, smaller size, narrowed, truncate 
pygidium, and basally dilated forceps. The females I can hardly 
distinguish; those from Trinidad and Dominica really seem to be 
L. chalybea, but I refer them here, following Caudell, as they were 
taken together with the males. 

11. ROTUNDATA Scudder. 

Mexico.—Orizaba, January 9 to 16, 1902 CH. Osborn), one female 
[Rehn, 19057, p. 306], a bleached female. 

Accession No. 20097, male and female. 

12. SCHWARZI Caudell. 

Guatemala.—Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, male and female. 

This is Caudell’s type [1907?, p. 173]. The quadrate penultimate 
ventral seement of the male suggests affinity with the smaller forms 
of Spongiphora, especially with S. pygmea, but the pygidium of the 
male is rounded, and the fourth antennal segment is short. 

13. MINOR Linnzus. 

Philippines.—Bacor, one female (P. L. Stangl). 
14. AURICOMA Rehn. 

Costa Rica.—Piedras Negras (Schild and Burgdorf), one female. 
Cat. No. 7080. Type of Rehn [1903', p. 292]. 

This species is unfortunately based upon a single female, and so its 
true position can not be satisfactorily determined until the male is 
discovered. The short, stout, conical forceps distinguish it from the 
female of L. chalybea. It is probably allied to L. rotundata. 

15. NIGROFLAVIDA Rehn. 

Australia.—Queensland, Cairns (Koebele), Cat. No. 8168, one 
female. Type of Rehn [1905', p. 507]. 

This is a very distinct species. The male has since been described 
by me [1908*, p. 48]. 





no. 1760. THE HARWIGS OF THE U.S.NATIONAL MUSEUM—BURR. 457 





Genus SPONGIPHORA Serville. 
1. INSIGNIS Stal. 

Colombia.—Cayenne (William Schaus), a broken specimen. 

This is Rehn’s type of Sparatta flavipennula [1903°, p. 306]. I refer 
it to this species, but it is unfortunate that it is a female. 

Caudell [1907?, p. 173] refers to Sparatta flavipennula two larve 
taken by Messrs. Schwarz and Barber in Guatemala (Cacao, Trece 
Aguas), but they are certainly not the larve of this species. They 
seem to be of some Sparatta, but can not be identified with certainty. 
2. BRUNNEIPENNIS Serville. 

(reorgia.—Morrison (C. V. Riley), one male and one female. 

Texas.—Colombia, near the Brazos River, ‘‘under old leaves,” 
December 15, 1878 (i. A. Schwarz), one male. | 
3. APICEDENTATA Caudell. 

California.—Los Angeles, one male (Coquillet). 

Arizona.— ‘Catalina Springs; Cereus giganteus.” Original syn- 
types of Caudell [1905, p. 461]. 

4. GHILIANII Dohrn. 

Guatemala.—Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz (Sehwarz and 
Barber), one male and one female. 

Specimens recorded by Caudell [1907?, p. 175] as Spongiphora 
pygmxa. 1 follow Borelli’s revision of the group and so refer these 
specimens to Spongiphora ghilianii. 


Genus SPARATTA Serville. 


21. PELVIMETRA Serville, var. RUFINA Stal. 

Guatemala.—Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, one female 
(Barber). 

This is the type of Cylindrogaster diplatyoides Caudell [1907?, 
p. 170]. It is certainly a female of some species of Sparatta, probably 
of the above species. 

?2. ARMATA Burr. 

Guatemala.—Polochic River, March 22 (Schwarz and Barber), 
Cat. No. 10367. 

This specimen is the type of Sparatta minuta of Caudell [1907?, 
p. 172], a female, which I refer here. 


Family FORFICULID. 
Subfamily CHWLISOCHIN 6. 


Genus CHELISOCHES Scudder. 
1. MORIO Fabricius. 


Hawaii.—Honolulu, one female (Ashmead), Hilo, two females 
(Brenner). 
Philippines.—Negros, ten females (Steere Expedition). 
Philippines.—Samar, one female (Steere Expedition). 
California.—Menlo Park, one male and one female (If. Hornang) 
g 
introduced. 


458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Lower Siam.—Trong, one female. Rehn’s type of Chelisoches 
stratioticus [1905', p. 509, fig. 6]. This is only a finely developed 
race of Ch. morio. I have a specimen from Java, and there is one 
from Travancore in the Madrid Museum. 


Genus PROREUS Burr. 
1. MINOR Caudell. 
Philippines.—Mindoro, Bacoor, January, 1903 (P. L. Stangl), 
two males. Caudell’s type. Cat. No. 7885, U.S.N.M. 
The body is not sufficiently depressed to justify the ranging of 
this species in Auchenomus. In the form of the head, it resembles 
P. sobrius Bormans, but differs in smaller size and slender build 








= = 
= SS 
SLi ss /: 


FG. 2.—HEAD, PART OF ANTENNA, AND POSTERIOR TARSUS OF PROREUS 
MINOR. 


and non-transverse pronotum. In the structure of the head it ap- 
proaches P. ludekingi Dohrn, but differs in the shorter pronotum 


and non-banded elytra; the coloration at once distinguishes it from 
P. laetior, and P. variopictus Bormans, to which it is related (fig. 2). 
Subfamily NEHOLOBOPHORIN 4. 
Genus NEOLOBOPHORA Scudder. 

1. RUFICEPS Burmans. 

Mexico.—Orizaba, January 9 to 16, 1902 (H. Osborn), one male. 
[Rehn, 1903?, p. 310.] 

Mexico.—Jalapa, two males (J. T. Mason), 1902. [See Rehn, 1902, 
p..2;] 

Guatemala.—Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, one female 
(Barber). [Rehn, 1907*, p. 175.] 


: 
4 


no.1760. THH HARWIGS OF THE U.S.NATIONAL MUSEUM—BURR. 459 


Guatemala.—Secanguin, December, 1905 (G. P. Gold), larva. 

Mexico.—Cordoba, one male (Knab). 

Costa Rica.—V oleano de Irazu, January, 1902. 

Costa Rica—San José, “on Indian corn,’ one female (Dr. Gust. 
Michaud). Accession No. 20097, female. 


Subfamily ANCISTROGASTRIN 2%. 


Genus ANCISTROGASTER Stal. 
1. GULOSA Stal. 
Mexico.—Cordoba, June 12, male and female (Knab). 
Mexico.—Jalapa, January and February, male. 
Meaico.—Orizaba, January 16, 1897, male and female (It. Osborn). 
2. SPINAX Dohrn. 
Guatemala.—Polochu River, one male, October, 1905 (C. P. Gold). 
The abdominal spines rather feebly developed. 
3. MACULIFERA Dohrn. 
Mexico.—Jalapa, January and February, male and female. 
4. FALCIFERA Rehn. 
=Ancistrogaster mixta Bore, 1906*, p. 12. 


Peru.—Piches and Perene valleys, 2,000 to 3,000 feet (Sociedad 
geografica de Lima), one male. (Cat. 
Yo. 8172.) 

Type of Rehn (1905', p. 510, fig. 7.) 

Mexico.—Cordoba, January 2 
1908, male and female (F. Knab). 

This is identical with A. miata 
Borelli. The slightly differently 
tinted antenne, the absence of the 
small red humeral spot on the elytra | 

. ° Fig. 3.—PENULTIMATE VENTRAL SEGMENT 

and basal spot on the wings, which OF A MALE ANCISTROGASTER FALCIFERA. 
are present in A. mizta are not suffi- 
ciently stable characters to justify the discrimination of these two 
species, and so the name A. miata must be sunk as a synonym (fig.3). 


‘y 





5. ———_—— Species? 
Mexico.—Jalapa, January and February, one female. 





6. ——————- Species? 
Peru.—Chanchamarja (Rosenberg), a fragment. 
Genus VLAX Burr. 
1, TOLTECUS Bormans, 
Mexico.—Orizaba, January 9 to 16 (Hl. Osborn), two males. [See 
Rehn, 1901, p. 219, and 1903?, p. 308.] 


Genus PRAOS Burr. 
1. PERDITUS Borelli. 
Costa Rica.—V olcano Irazu, February 6, 1902, two males. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 


460 


Genus OSTEULCUS Burr: 
1. KERVILLEI Burr. 


Venezuela.—Merida, one female. 


Subfamily OPISTHOCOSMIIN A. 


PILEX, new Genus: 


Antenne ? (only the basal segment remains; this is short and stout.) 

Head tumid, eyes very large. 

Pronotum subquadrate; about as wide as the head and wider than 
long, and a little broader posteriorly than anteriorly. 

Elytra and wings well developed, ample, the former not carinate. 

Legs long; first tarsal segment cylindrical, about half as long again 
as the other two united; second broad, but distinctly longer .than 
broad; third longer than the second, but only about half as long as the 
first, rather broad. 

Abdomen broad, depressed, subparallel. 

Last dorsal segment ample, rectangular, transverse about twice 
as broad as long. 

Pygidium distinct, obtuse, transverse. 

Forceps with branches remote at the base, elongate. 

This genus is erected for Opisthocosmia bogotensis Rehn, which falls 
into the group with noncarinate elytra and broad pronotum,; the 
short third segment of the tarsi connects it with Hparchus, Hypurgus, 
and Skalistes, but the depressed body, and transverse last dorsal seg- 
ment, distinguishes it easily. 

1. BOGOTENSIS Rehn. 

Colombia.— Bogota (G. Klages, Cat. No. 8166; Rehn, 1905, p. 511, 
fic. 3% 

This species is figured and well described by Rehn. It has a num- 
ber of peculiarities which make it easily recognizable. The asperities 
of the forceps and last dorsal segment, 
the anchor-shaped depression in the 
latter, the build and form of forceps, 
together with the generic characters, 
are very distinctive. 

The second segment of the tarsi is 
scarcely lobed, merely a little dilated 
Fic. 4.—HIND Lee oF PiLEx Bocorensis, toward the apex, scarcely more so than 

the third segment; this is a very strik- 
ing contrast to certain species of Eparchus, as FE. lugens, where the 
second segment is almost circular and the third slender. 

The large and prominent eyes are very noticeable; as they almost 
reach the posterior angles of the head, they have an archaic character, 
recalling the fossil genus Labiduromma. The type in the U.S. National 
Museum is the only known specimen (fig. 4). 





no. 1760. THE HARWIGS OF THE U.S.NATIONAL MUSEUM—BURR. 461 





Genus SARCINATRIX Rehn. 


Rehn proposed this as a subgenus in 19037, page 308, for his species 
S. anomalia. 

The following year I raised it to generic rank and included in 
it Opisthocosmia americana Bormans and Sarcinatrix rehni Burr. 

But an examination of Rehn’s type shows that the 
genus is essentially ancistrogastrine, having not only 
a feeble, yet distinct, costal keel on the elytra, but 
the horns of the penultimate ventral segment are 
merely a highly developed form of the points or lobes 
of that plate which characterize the subfamily Ancis- 
trogastrine. 

Sarcinatric therefore remains monotypic, S.ameri- piu. 5. pewviri- 
cana Bormans and S. rehnt Burr being removed to a “ATE VENTRAL SEG- 

MENT OF SARCINA- 

new genus. 


TRIX ANOMALIA, 
MALE. 





1. ANOMALIA Rehn. 
Costa Rica.—Turrialba and San Carlos, one male and two females 
(Schild and Burgdorf). Rehn’s types [1903°, p. 308}. 


DINEX, new genus. 


Abdomen convex, feebly depressed and feebly dilated; antenne 
with segments cylindrical, fourth longer than third; pronotum nearly 
square; elytra and wings ample, smooth, former with no keel; tarsi 
with first and third segments about equally long; last dorsal segment 
transverse, ample, sloping, not narrowed; penultimate ventral seg- 
ment transverse, more or less rounded posteriorly. 

Type of the genus.—O pisthocosmia americana Bormans, 1893 [p. 8 
pl. 1, figs. 22-23]. 

I form this new genus for Opisthocosmia americana Bormans and 
Sarcinatrix rehni Burr, both Neotropical forms. Both of these I 
formerly included in Rehn’s subgenus Sarcinatrix, which I raised to 
generic rank. 

But, as I have shown in my remarks on the genus Sareinatrix, the 
elytra of that genus have a keel, though indistinct, and the penulti- 
mate ventral segment of the male has the horns which are charac- 
teristic of the Ancistrogastrine. 

We must therefore exclude from it the two above-mentioned 
species which can not fall back into Opisthocosmia, which is now a 
purely oriental genus with a narrow pronotum. A new genus is 
accordingly required for these two species. 


) 


1. AMERICANA Bormans. 
Guatemala.—Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, one male and two 
females (Schwarz and Barber). Originals of Caudell [1907?, p. 175]. 


462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. 38. 





2. —_——— Species. 

Philippines.—Mindoro, Malabang (Portello), one male in poor con- 
dition. 
3. — Species. 

Philippines.—Mindanao, Marabini, two females. 


Genus SKALISTES Burr. 
1, LUGUBRIS Dohrn. 
Mexico.—Orizaba, January 9 to 16, 1897 (H. Osborn). Rehn’s 
type of Forficula metrica [1903?, 
p: dia} 
i This is only a macrolabia vari- 
Fic. 6.—PROFILE OF FORCEPS (FROM INSIDE) OF a of S. lugubris; the elongation 
MALE SKALISTES LUGUBRIS, VAR. METRICA. of the forceps has aught the ver- 
tical tooth and produced it into a 
crest, thus entirely altering the appearance of the 
creature. 
Also typical male and two females from same 
locality. 
2. CACAOENSIS Caudell. 
Guatemala.—Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, at 
about 900 feet (Schwarz and Barber). Cat. No. 10370, 
Caudell’s type [1907?, p.175]. 
This species is related to S. lugubris, but the pro- 
notum is less depressed, the elytra smoother and less 4,4 7 porceps 
hairy, the pygidium scarcely discernible, and the for- or sae Skaus- 


: “4y TES CACAOENSIS 
ceps are quite different. 


Subfamily ANHCHU RIN 24+. 


Genus ANECHURA Burr. 
1. HARMANDI Burr. 
Japan.—One male and five females. 
This is the typical species of Odontopsalis Burr, but I now prefer 
to consider this as not generically distinct from typical Anechura. 


’ 


CIPEX, new genus. 


Build slender. 

Antenne slender and cylindrical, the third and fourth segments 
about equal. 

Pronotum subquadrate, rounded posteriorly. 

Klytra not keeled, ample; wings ample. 

Sternal plates rather narrow. 

Feet short, tarsi shorter than the tibie; all three segments about 
equal in length; first stout, second strongly dilated, third slender. 

Abdomen long and parallel. 

Pygidium: male large, tumid, and subglobulose, spined; female, 


! 


similar, with no spine. 


ee 


no. 1760. THE EARWIGS OF THE U.S.NATIONAL MUSEUM—BURR. 463 





Last dorsal segment, male and female, transverse. 

Forceps with branches remote at base, elongate, slender in both 
sexes, with strong teeth in the male. 

This genus is erected for the remarkable earwig from Cuba de- 
scribed under the name of Forficula schwarzi Rehn, which is the 
type. 

In spite of the narrow sternal plates and elongate body, it has all 
the appearance of the Anechurine, especially the peculiar pygidium. 

It is well characterized by the tarsi, which are quite different from 
those of any other known genus of the subfamily. 

1, SCHWARZI Rehn. 

Forficula schwarzi REHN (1905!), p. 513, fig. 9. 

Sphingolabis schwarzi CAUDELL (1907'), p. 170. 

Cuba.—Santiago Province; Cayamas, March 4. One female 
(Schwarz, Cat. No. 8169, Rehn’s type); same locality, one male, 
May 25 (Schwarz, the original male first described by 
Caudell). 

This elegant species was first described from a single 
female in poor condition; the abdomen had been broken 
off and in repairing had been cemented on upside down. 
The same collector later took a male in the same locality, 
which is described by Caudell. 

An examination of these two specimens, the only ones 
so far known, shows that the pygidium is, in its essen- 
tials, typical of the Anechurine, to which subfamily I Fic.s.rar- 
have little hesitation in referring it. oe 

Superficially, in color and general appearance, it must 
resemble the little-known Anechura elongata Bormans, likewise from 
Cuba, but the form of the pygidium and forceps is different. 





Subfamily FORFICULIN 2. 


Genus DORU Burr. 
1. LINEARE Escholtz. 


Mexico.—Orizaba, May 8, one male (Howard), a large, dark, 
banded specimen. [Rehn, 1901, p. 219, 19037, p. 310.] 

Mexico.—Orizaba, January 9 to 16, 1907 (I. Osborn), a pale, 
small banded specimen. [Rehn, 1903°, p. 310.] 

Mexico.—Paneajihi (D. P. Roll), May, 1905; a small, dark speci- 
men. 

Guatemala.—Livingtone, February 18, 1905, one female. (Charles 
C. Dean). 

Mexico.—Cordoba, two males; fine, bright, big, dark specimen. 

San Salvador.—One female (Knab); a small, dark, yellow speci- 
men. 

San Salvador.—Sonsonate, August 19, 1908 (Xnab), one male and 
one female, 





464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Mexico.—Cordoba, one female ‘‘at light”? (Xnab). 

Guatemala.—Sapachiti, April, 1902, one female (R. F. Griggs). 

Guatemala.—Alta Paz, Secanquin, cotton field, one male (A. 
MacLachlan). 

Mexico.—One female. 

Paraguay.—Sapucay, male and female (W. Foster); a small, red 
male and female. [See Rehn, 1907’, p. 151, and Caudell, 1904, p. 
181.] 

Brazil.—Bonito, Province of Pernambuco, ‘‘on cotton,” January 
5, 1883, three females and a bleached male. Same locality, five 
females and three males of the californica form. [See Rehn, 1903?, 
p. 310.] 

Venezuela.—Merida, one male and two females (S. Brieno). 

Mexico.—Orizaba, January 9 to 16, 1897 (H. Osborn), var. cali- 
fornica; det. Rehn [1903%, p. 310]. 

Texas.—Brownsville, November, 1904 (CH. S. Barber), one male, 
determined by Caudell as A. exilis. I do not know the true ezilis, 
but consider this identical with the var. californica. 

Arizona.—Tueson, one male. 

Cuba.—Cayamas, one male and one female (Schwarz). 

I look upon this as a rather variable and widely distributed spe- 
cies; I consider teniata, luteipes, and aculeata as synonyms; also 
californica, which is a variety; also gracilis and suturalis; perhaps 








exilis is distinct. 

Rehn agrees in regarding californica as a mutation. Caudell is 
right in adopting Eschscholtz’s old name. 

The development or abbreviation of the wings, the presence or 
absence of a tooth on the forceps, the intensity of coloration, the 
breadth of the bands on the elytra, are not features which, mm my 
opinion, justify specific rank. It may be possible to show, when all 
the available material has been critically examined, that some of 
the forms are restricted to certain localities, in which case they become 
local races, or variation in the sense as defined by Staudinger, Tutt, 
and other ledidopterists. 


2. ALBIPES Fabricius. 

Santo Domingo.—San Francisco Mountains, two males and one 
female (Busck). 

These are Caudell’s original specimens [1907', p. 169]. Perhaps 
albipes Fabricius and bimaculata Fabricius are identical. 


Genus ELAUNON Burr. 


1. ERYTHROCEPHALA Olivier. 
Liberia.—Mount Coffee (G. P.G.). [See Rehn, 1905', p. 513.] 
Congo.—Liedo; one male and one fragment. 


no. 1760. THE EARWIGS OF THE U.S.NATIONAL MUSEUM—BURR. 465 





Genus FORFICULA Linnezus. 


1. AURICULARIA Linnezus. 

Tasmania.—One male, No. 443 (Webster). 

Tasmania.—Nos. 4431 and 744. 

Norway.—Kristiania, one female (Strand), Bergen, one female 
(Strand). 

Germany.—Leipzig, November, 1877 (Professor Turner), one 
female, October 21, 1879, labeled ‘* /’. decipiens.” 

Prussi , one female, August, 1898 (Pergande). 

Azores.—F lores, male and female (W. Trelease). [See Rehn, 1905', 
p- 513.] 





2. DECIPIENS Géné. 

Italy.—One female (Leonardi). 

‘* Kurope.””—* From nest of brown tail moth,’ No. 7567, 1905-6, 
female. 


3. —————— Species? 
Peru.—Piches and Perene valleys, 2,000 to 3,000 feet (Sociedad 
geografica de Lima), one female. 


SYNONYMS ESTABLISHED. 


Bormansia meridionalis Rehn (not Burr) . _= Karschiella cf. camerunensis Verheoeff. 
Labidurodes magnificus Rehn.....-------- = Allosiethus indicum (Hagenbach). 
Echinopsalis brevibractea Rehn......-.-.-?=Pyragra fuscata Serville, larva, 
Pygidicrana peruviana Rehn.......------ =Pyragra dohrm Scudder. 
Arthrodoetus barbert Caudell....--.-------- =a Pyragrid larva. 

Psalis pulchra Rehn.......---..---------?=Psalis percheron (Guerin). 
Apterygida buscki Rehn.........--------- =Psalis qagatina Klug, var. 
Anisolabis minuta Caudell......-...------ =Borellia stali (Dohrn). 

Brachylabis nigra Caudell (not Scudder). ..=Leptisolabis howardi, new species. 


Labia pulchella Serville..........-----.-- = 
Labia guttata Scudder .-....--...-------- aa 
Labia burgessi Scudder.........-----.----- = 
Labia melancholica Scudder........-.----- = 
abo, flaviscuta Rebn ....-.2%0662.-22..5: — 


li. unidentata (Palisot de Beauvois). 


Labia chalybea Dohrn......------.-.-.----= {Labia annulata (Fabricius). 
Labia arcuata Scudder....-.--.----------- = 

Sparatta flavipennula Rehn.....-......-..=Spongiphora insignis (Stal). 
Spongiphora pygmaca Caudell (not Dolirn). =Spongiphora ghilianit Dohrn. 
Cylindrogaster diplatyoides, Caudell.......- =Sparatta pelvimetra Scudder, var. 

rujina Stal. 

Chelisoches stratioticus Rehn........------- =Chelisoches morio Fabricius, var. 
~Sparatta minuta Caudell.................-=Sparatta armata Burr. 
Ancistrogaster mixta Borelli. ..-...--.---- = Ancistrogaster falcifera Rehn. 
For ficula metrica Rehn.....------------- =WNSkalistes lugubris (Dohrn, var.). 


Proc. N. M. vol. 38—l0——30 


466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


LITERATURE: 


The following list of works quoted is extracted from my Bibliography, at present 
in manuscript, but to avoid confusion I have employed the same numeration as 
there used: 

Bore.u, Dr. ALrreDO. (1906%.) Forficole di Costa Rica. 

Boll. Mus. Tor., vol. 21, 1906, no. 531. 

(1909*.) Forficola nuove 0 poco note di Costa Rica. 

Boll. Mus. Tor., vol. 24, 1909, no. 611. 

Bormans, A. Dre. (1893.) Dermaptera in Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia. 
Orthoptera, vol. 1, 1893, pp. 1-12, pls. 1 and 2. 
(1900'.) Quelques Dermaptéres du Musée civique de Génes. 

Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2), vol. 20, 1900, pp. 441-467. 

Bruner, LAWRENCE. (1906.) Report on the Orthoptera of Trinidad, West Indies. 

Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 14, 1906, p. 135. 

Burr, Matcoim. (1908'.) Notes on the Forficularia, XI. On new and little known 
species, and synonymic Notes. 

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 1, 1908, pp. 47-51. 

(1909°.) Notes on the Forficularia, XVII. On new species, a new genus, 
and new synonymy. 

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, August, 1909. 

CaupELL, ANDREW NeLson. (1902.) Notes on Orthoptera from Oklahoma and 
Indian Territory, with descriptions of three new species. 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 28, 1902, p. 83. 
(1904.) A new Forticulid from the Philippines. 
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. 108. 
(1905!.) Notes on some Florida Orthoptera. 
Ent. News, 1905, pp. 216-219. 
(19052.) Ona collection of Orthoptera from southern Arizona, with descrip- 
tions of new species. 
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, pp. 416-477. 
(1907!.) On some Forficulidz of the United States and West Indies. 
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 15, 1907, p. 166. 
(1907?.) On some earwigs (Forficulidze) collected in Guatemala by Messrs. 
Schwarz and Barber. : 
Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, pp. 169-176. 
Dourn, H. (1862.) Die Dermaptera von Mexico. 
Stett. Ent. Zeitung (1862), p. 225. 
——. (1863.) Versuch einer Monographie der Dermapteren. 
Stett. Ent. Zeit., vol. 24, pp. 35, 309. 
. (1864.) Versuch einer Monographie der Dermapteren. 
Stett. Ent. Zeit., vol. 25, pp. 285, 417. 
-- (1865.) Versuch einer Monographie der Dermapteren. 
Stett. Ent. Zeit. vol. 26, p. 68. 
-, (1867!.) Versuch. einer Monographie der Dermapteren. 
Stett. Ent. Zeit., vol. 28, p. 341. 
. (1867°.) Neue und bisher nicht genugend bekannte Forficulinen. 

Stett. Ent. Zeit., vol. 28, pp. 343-349. 

Fasricius, Jon. Cur. (1793.) Entomologia systematica, emendata et aucta. Haf- 
niae, vols. 2-4, 1792-94. 

Vol. 2, 1793. Orthoptera. 

Reun, JAmes A. G. (1901'.) Remarks on some Mexican Orthoptera, with descrip- 
tions of new species. 

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 27, 1901, pp. 218-227. 






































no. 1760. THE BEARWIGS OF THE U.S.NATIONAL MUSEUM—BURR. 467 





Reun, James A.G. (1901?.) The Forficulidze, Blattide, Mantidee, and Phasmide 
collected in North East Africa by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1901, pp. 273-288. 
(1902.) <A contribution to the knowledge of the Orthoptera of Mexico and 
Central America. 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 29, 1902. 
(1903!.) On two earwigs of the genus Labia from Costa Rica. 
Ent. News, Nov., 1903, p. 292. 
(1903?.) Studies in American Forficulide. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1903, p. 299. 
(1903%.) Notes on some interesting species of Forficulidee and Blattidee 
from the eastern United States. 
Ent. News, 1903, p. 125. 
(1903*.) Notes on West Indian Orthoptera, with a list of species known 
from the island of Porto Rico. 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 29, 1903, p. 129. 
. (1904.) Studies in Old World Forficulids of Earwigs, and Blattids, or Cock- 
roaches. 
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, pp. 539-560. 
(1905!.) Notes on Exotic Forficulides or Earwigs, with descriptions of new 
species. 
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 29, 1905, pp. 501-515. 
(1905?.) Notes on a small collection of Orthoptera from the Lesser Antilles, 
with the description of a new species of Orphulella. 
Ent. News, 1905, pp. 173-182. 
(1906.) The Orthoptera of the Bahamas. 
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 22, art. 5, 1906, pp. 107-118. 
(1907!.) Notes on Orthoptera from southern Arizona, with descriptions of 
new species, 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1907, pp. 24-81. 
(1907?.) Non-Saltatorial and Acridoid Orthoptera from Sapucay, Paraguay. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1907, pp. 151-192. 
(1907%.) Records of Orthoptera from the vicinity of Brownsville, Texas. 
Ent. News, 1907, pp. 209-212. 
(19074.) Records and descriptions of Australian Orthoptera. 
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 23, art. 19, 1907, pp. 357-443. 
(1909!.) A contribution to the knowledge of the Orthoptera of Sumatra. 
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 26, art 13, 1909, pp. 177-211. 
Reun, J. A. G.,;and Hesarp, Morcan. (1904.) The Orthoptera of Thomas County, 
Georgia, and Leon County, Florida. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., December, 1904. 
(1905.) A contribution to the knowledge of the Orthoptera of south and 
central Florida. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1905, pp. 29-55. 
(1907.) Orthoptera from northern Florida. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June, 1907, pp. 279-317. 
ScupDER, SamueLt Hussarp. (1876*.) Description of three species of Labia from 
the southern United States. 
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 18, 1876, pp. 265-268. (Reprinted in Ent. Notes, 
vol. 5, 1879, pp. 20-23.) 
Servitte, Aupiner. (1839.) Suites a Buffon Histoire Naturelle des Insectes 
Orthopteres. Paris, 1839. 
Terry, F. W. (1905.) Leaf hoppers and their natural enemies. 
Ent. Div. Bull», no. 1, pt. 5, report of work of experiment station of Hawaiian Sugar 
Planter’s Association, 1905. 





















































ON A NEW LABRADOREAN SPECIES OF ONCHIDIOPSIS, 
A GENUS OF MOLLUSKS NEW TO EASTERN NORTH 
AMERICA; WITH REMARKS ON ITS RELATIONSHIPS. 


By Francois N. Batcn, 
Of Boston, Massachusetts. 


During the summer of 1908 Mr. Owen Bryant, cruising on the Labra- 
dor coast, made opportunity for some dredgings in moderate depths. 
The resulting mollusks, with the exception of the Nudibranchs, were 
placed in the hands of Mr. C. W. Johnson, curator of the Boston 
Society of Natural History. The small collection of Nudibranchs 
was intrusted to me. In it was included an apparently naked mol- 
lusk, which Mr. Bryant took for a dorid form, but which is in fact 
a fine new species of the internal-shelled genus Onchidiopsis belong- 
ing to the family Lamellariide. Mr. Bryant’s mistake was far from 
unnatural, and it is possibly owing to similar errors on the part of 
other collectors that we owe almost all our knowledge of the group 
to specialists on the Opisthobranchiata (especially the Nudibranchs), 
as will appear from the literature cited at the end of this paper. 

The specimen is a fine adult, well preserved in formol, and is of 
interest from several points of view—first, from the point of view 
of geographical distribution, the genus being previously unknown 
from eastern America, though present in Greenland and Alaska; sec- 
ond, from the point of view of systematic morphology, the genus 
being probably the last term of an extraordinary aberrant series 
and containing few, perhaps only one, hitherto known species; third, 
from the point of view of teratology, since the specimen has a. bifid 
left tentacle the abnormal member of which bears what appears exter- 
nally to be an extra eye resembling the normal, but proves on section- 
ing to be a group of four eyes apparently proliferating one from the 
other, in various stages, making a case quite unique so far as the 
records show. 

The present paper contains a description of the specimen, with a 
brief discussion from the first and second points of view. The tera- 
tological aspect was presented in a separate paper read before the 
American Society of Zoologists (Kastern Branch) during convocation 
week in Boston, December, 1909, and which, it is expected, will be 
published in the American Naturalist. 

Out of a desire not to mutilate the single specimen more than 
necessary, examination has been confined to external points and to the 





‘PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 38—No. 1761. 469 


470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 38. 





internal shell, the radula and pharyngeal bulb, the features of the gill- 
cavity, and the anatomy and histology of the bifid left tentacle. The 
material, consisting of the partially dissected body in formol, the 
shell in formol, and a mount of the radula, has been deposited in 
the U.S. National Museum. 

The description follows: 


ONCHIDIOPSIS CORYS,« new species. 





Locality.— Single specimen dredged off Fish Island, outside Hebron 
Harbor, Labrador, in 75 fathoms, mud, August 26, 1908. 

Size.—In formol: Length, 20 mm.; breadth, 16 mm.; height, 14 mm. 

Color.—In life: Cream colored, with 8(?) spots of varying shades 
of brown [Bryant’s notes]. In formol: Notzum, ground-color light 
purplish brown with darker markings on the lower sides, faintly and 
vaguely reticulated over the top and upper sides, so as to give the 
effect of about twelve ill-defined blotches of the ground color. Ante- 
rior lobes lighter and more yellowish. Head and foot same as ground 
color of notaeum. Eye spots black. 

General form.—(P1. 21, figs. 1, 2, 3.) The notzum, smooth on top 
and sides, wrinkled or strongly folded and vesiculate elsewhere, rises 
in a backward-tilted dome, suggesting a Grecian helmet (whence the 
name chosen), the curiously puffed and wrinkled anterior border pro- 
jecting visor-fashion. The top and sides of the notzum are closely 
applied to the thin internal shell, which in turn closely covers the 
large dome-shaped visceral hump. Below the folded border of the 
notzeum are seen the well-demarked head and the foot, the former 
bearing a large proboscis of truncated-cone shape, and two thick 
tentacles about as long as the proboscis, with conspicuous eye spots 
about two-thirds way up from their bases. The foot in the preserved 
specimen is of moderate size, reaching anteriorly only to the level of 
the tentacles and posteriorly projecting about one-sixth of its length 
beyond the border of the notzeum, the projecting portion sharply 
upturned. The very large penis, situated on the right side of the neck, 
comes partially into view below the notzeum above the right tentacle. 

Notseum.—Smooth to the naked eye (actually finely wrinkled), thin, 
and closely investing the thin internal shell on the top and sides; the 
lower sides more wrinkled; the border thickened, strongly folded, 
and vesiculate or puffy; the anterior border quite specialized, being 
very strongly folded, and vesiculate or pustulate, so as to present the 
appearance of a mass of crowded water blisters. This anterior lappet 
projects like a visor or eye shade over the head and is cut by the deep 
inspiratory cleft (lying just to the left of the median line) and the 
less deep expiratory cleft (lying about 65 degrees to the right, and 
rather a fold than a cleft) into a well-demarked right and a much less 
well-marked left lobe. In life these anterior lobes or lappets evi- 
dently play an important part, as they are large, muscular, and 





« Képuc, signifying an homeric helmet. 


NO. 1761. A NEW SPECIES OF ONCHIDIOPSIS—BALCN. 471 
highly specialized. Probably they are concerned in respiration and 
also furnish an extensible, thick, and soft sort of cushioned armor for 
the head, which lacks the ordinary defense of withdrawal under a shell. 

Shell.— (PI. 21, figs. 4, 5, 6.) On cutting open the notzeum the shell 
appears as a quite transparent whitish film closely applied like a cap 
to the top and front of the solid dome of the visceralhump. Not being 
adherent either to the notzeum or to the true mantle (which lies below 
it as a transparent membrane investing the viscera! hump) it can be 
simply lifted out with forceps. It has about the appearance and con- 
sistency of a film of collodion. It is not stiff enough to resist the action 
of gravity in air, but has sufficient elasticity to regain its form when 
restored to a liquid medium. It is smooth except for rather faint 
concentric lines of growth. In general shape it may be roughly 
likened to a very highly arched finger-nail. A peculiar and instruc- 
tive feature is the infolding of the posterior-inferior portion into the 
posterior-superior portion. A comparison of Pl. 21, figs. 7, 8, and 9, 
will make clear what has happened. Figs. 7 and 8 are rough rep- 
resentations of the shells of Marsenina prodita (Lovén) and M. 
ampla (Verrill), respectively. The former is lymnoid. The latter 
is more degenerate and consists of only one whorl, mostly mouth. 
Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic sketch of our shell represented as a solid 
object. The homology of the infolded portion is plain.” The last 
whorl, becoming degenerate to the point of abandonment and 
reduced to a mere posterior wall of the mouth space, has simply 
collapsed into the spire cavity. This is not, however, a mere acci- 
dental collapse, as wet paper might collapse upon itself. It is struc- 
tural and permanent. The infold, if straightened out, springs 
smartly back again and the line of folding is clearly marked struc- 
turally. The cavity of the last whorl (1. e., the space between the 
infold and the top of the shell) has been abandoned by the animal and 
practically obliterated. In this and other obvious respects the 
infold materially differs from the ‘‘deck” or “shelf” of Crepidula, 
with which, however, it is somewhat parallel. In the other species 
of Onchidiopsis there is no such structure, so that in this respect the 
present species serves to connect the genus as hitherto known with 
more normal forms and offers an instructive study in the degenera- 
tion of shell armor. The shell in the present species differs from those 
hitherto described in presenting neither lateral emargination nor wing. 

Visceral hump.—Next below the thin membranous true mantle 
already mentioned lies the solid smooth dome of the visceral mass, 
purplish-yellow in color, the visible portion chiefly consisting of the 
glands of the genital system. It is larger than the shell, which only 
partially covers it, but the discrepancy is not so great as in the other 
species of the genus, where the shell is little more than a scale over the 
gill-cavity region, while here the whole top and sides of the visceral 
hump are covered. In the gill-cavity region the black base of the large 
osphradium showing through the roof of the cavity is conspicuous. 


472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Gill cavity and branchial complez.—The large thin-roofed branchial 
savity opens by a long and narrow crescentic horizontal slit just 
above the nuchal fold. On opening it the most conspicuous object 
is the osphradium running diagonally across the left side of the roof 
and consisting of a double series of leaflets (Pl. 21, fig. 10) set on 
either side of a central rhachis after the usual fashion, but very large 
and having the side edges and basal edges of the leaflets black. It 
differs markedly in the shape of the leaflets (which are distinctly 
bilobed) from the other species of the genus. Beside it, on the right, 
the gill, though larger, is much less conspicuous. Its thin leaflets, 
colored like the neighboring tissue, arranged in a single row on the 
right of the rhachis, are long and narrow compared with those of 
the other species of the genus, and simply pointed. The anus was 
not satisfactorily made out, the right-hand part of the roof of the 
gill cavity (where it doubtless lies, as in the other species) having 
been disturbed in the examination of other parts. 

Genital system.—This was only examined externally, but nothing 
appears to cast doubt on its substantial conformity with the other 
species of the genus. The female genital opening was not satis- 
factorily made out, the region near the anus where it should occur 
having been disturbed, as above stated. The penis (PI. 22, fig. 1) is 
extremely large (quite double, in proportion, that figured or described 
for the other species) and otherwise peculiar. Arising from the nuchal 
fold on the right side of the neck, above and just to the left of the 
base of the right tentacle, is a massive base as thick as the base of the 
tentacle itself and half again as long as broad, directed backward 
and slightly outward and upward. Sharply turning more than a 
right angle (so that it runs forward, and slightly outward and down- 
ward) the organ now rapidly diminishes in size to a slender neck of 
less than a quarter the original diameter. The minimum size is, 
however, scarcely reached before the organ suddenly swells again 
(though this time only slightly) at the same time acquiring along its 
external margin a great crest recalling in form and proportion, the 
conventional mane of the chess knight. The crest rapidly diminishes 
and at the point where it is lost the organ suddenly bends directly 
back upon itself, at the same time diminishing to a point which 
reaches back to the level where the crest began. <A fair idea of the 
relations of the parts can be given by comparing the whole structure 
to an arm, the upper arm enormously fat, the forearm starting fat 
but rapidly dwindling to a thin wrist, the hand and fingers very long, 
and the back of the hand expanded into a high crest. In attitude 
the arm must be strongly flexed and the fingers pressed together at 
the tips and impossibly flexed so as nearly to touch the inside of the 
wrist. The finer structure was not examined. Bergh has minutely 
described it for the related species. 

Head.—The broadly ovoid body mass is bounded in front by a 
strong nuchal fold clearly marking the transition to the head region, 


No. 1761. A NEW SPECIES OF ONCHIDIOPSIS—BALCH. 473 


which widens again beyond it. The region is about twice as broad 
as long and is prolonged at its anterior corners into the tentacles, 
while on its anterior face springs the snout or rostrum. 

Tentacles and eyes.—(PI. 22, fig.1.) The tentacles are thick, fle shy, 

and moderately wrinkled, ending in an abrupt taper. In life they are 
doubtless somewhat ee and thinner, but the contraction in this 
specimen does not appear to have been extreme. They curve gently 
outward and upward. Each bears on its external (and slightly supe- 
rior) surface a large black eye spot, which appears as a lump under the 
skin, raising the latter into a slight prominence out of which the eye 
ionke forward along the tentacle. In effect the eye is set in the an- 
terior face of a very rudimentary peduncle or ophthalmophore re- 
sembling a bracket. On sectioning, the eyes are seen to present no 
special features, but ie well developed and evidently highly fune- 
tional. There is no appearance of any corneal modification of the 
skin except a slight thinning. The retina is heavily pigmented; the 
lens large, filling nearly the whole eye cavity. The left tentacle in 
this specimen bore an appendage branching off from its base and 
pointing posteriorly along the left side of the neck, nearly as long as 
the tentacle itself but t than half as thick. This appendage bore 
on its exterior face an extra eye, or rather, as heretofore mentioned, 
a cluster of four extra eyes apparently in various stages of prolifera- 
tion one from another. Undoubtedly the whole structure (neglect- 
ing the feature of the apparent proliferation of eyes in the extra 
eye spot) is to be interpreted as a case of bifid left tentacle somewhat 
masked by the turning backward of the external member and its 
reduction in size and change in proportions. If this member were 
turned forward and thickened and curved like the normal tentacle, 
it and its eye spot would bear the relation of a mirror image to the 
normal tentacle and its eye spot, as is commonly the case with similar 
bifid structures.” 

Rostrum and mouth.—(P1. 22, figs. 1, 2, 3.) From the anterior face 
of the head region, and from under a fold of skin connecting the bases 
of the tentacles, springs the thick and heavy rostrum in the shape of 
a truncated cone about once and a half as long as broad. It is only 
moderately wrinkled and, like the tentacles, is in life probably some- 
what but not greatly more protrusible. It may probably be also some- 
what more contractible but not greatly. The thick and heavy skin 
and the rather slight musculature which appear on dissection do not 
point to anextremely elastic or contractile organ. Its anterior end 
forms a flat face of oval form, the major axis dorso-ventral. In this 
axis the mouth appears as a simple slit two-thirds the length of the 
oval, with wrinkled lips. Unless the rostrum is much more change- 
able in form than above supposed it differs markedly from the other 
species of the genus, where it is bulbous. Doubtless the pharyngeal 


4 See cases collected in Bateson [1894]. 


474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 


bulb can be pushed forward, but even this could hardly produce such 
forms as figured by Bergh. 

Jaws.—(Pl. 22, figs. 2, 3, 4.) The mouth opens into a narrow tube 
of oval section, thin walled, and running between the two jaws which 
arch it over and also partly inclose its sides. The jaws are of brown 
chitin, thin and delicate, about twice as long as high, serrate on their 
lower edges, the serrations growing coarser from posterior to anterior. 
Each jaw is molded to fit along the top and one side of the mouth 
tube, narrows to a rounded point posteriorly and appears to be squarely 
and smoothly cut off anteriorly; but about this last there may be some 
doubt since there is a suspicion that in removing these delicate objects 
from the tough mouth gristles, serrations or other structures at the 
point of attachment may have been broken off and lost. To the 
powers of the dissecting microscope the jaws appear covered with 
beautifully regular minute transverse (i. e., dorso-ventral) striations 
corresponding in spacing with the serrations of the ventral edge. 
The real microscopic structure was not studied. There can be little 
doubt it is substantially that several times figured by Bergh for simi- 
lar objects, 1. e., a sort of mosaic of minute chitinous bars locked 
together in a diamond pattern which gives the impression of trans- 
verse (i. e., dorso-ventral) lines, the longitudinal (i. e., antero-pos- 
terior) lines being broken in the pattern. 

Pharyngeal bulb and radula.—(Pl. 22, figs. 2,3, 5,6.) Near the pos- 
terior end of the jaws the thin-walled mouth tube suddenly swells to 
more than twice its former diameter to contain the large muscular 
pharyngeal bulb. The structure of this was not minutely studied as 
it offered no prospect of material difference from the similar organs so 
often and fully elucidated by Bergh — Its form sufficiently appearsfrom 
the figures and must in life vary greatly in the course of the complicated 
motions of the radula which latter, however, in this species I think is 
almost certainly not protrusible. I think so, both because the mouth 
and end of the snout are too small and because there is a pretty clear 
mutual adjustment of the radula and jaws to trituration of the food 
between them in the swollen portion of the mouth tube. The radula 
commences posteriorly in a bulb borne on along stem which is a pro- 
longation of the posterior base of the pharyngeal bulb but rises sharply 
upward and to the left, penetrates the dorsal wall of the mouth 
tube, then curls over forward and outward and lies on top of the 
mouth tube at its widest part to the left of its center. The radula, 
starting in this bulb, passes down through its stem and so into the 
lower posterior part of the pharyngeal bulb, through which it then 
turns sharply upward, reaching its surface (and so coming into use in 
the open mouth-cavity) at the highest point of the bulb’s top. At 
the same point the radula attains its own greatest width, for by wear- 
ing off of the lateral members and by appression it thence slightly 
narrows as it runs forward down the anterior slope of the pharyngeal 


NO. 1761. A NEW SPECIES OF ONCHIDIOPSIS—BALCH. 475 


bulb, ending abruptly shortly after passing within the jaws. It 
attains a length of 60 transverse rows and is typically taenioglossate, 
having the usual formula 2-1-1-1-2. The median or rhachidian 
tooth consists of a base about as wide as high, with slightly convex 
lower edge and concave sides, the top of which curls over backward 
toform the dentate functional blade. The latter bears a large central 
cusp, long and pointed, flanked by very irregular and much smaller 
denticulations, about eight on each side but varying from six to ten 
and showing a distinct tendency to alternation of larger and smaller. 
The whole tooth is arched, with the convexity posterior, so that the 
functional upper portion as seen from on top has a roughly crescentie 
form. The laterals, or ad-medians, are on the same general plan, but 
the basal portion is much narrower and higher, the central (or sub- 
central) cusp longer in proportion and flanked by about seven denticu- 
lations on the external and five on the internal side. They are set on 
the basal membrane at an angle with the rhachis, so that the central 
cusps point slightly inward. The uncini have the form of simple 
smooth arched claws, curving upward, backward, and slightly out- 
ward. By folding inward over the admedians they can be laid flat. 
Possibly they can also be folded outward. The radula presents only 
minute differences from the other species of the genus so far as 
comparison with figures shows. 

Foot.—(PIl. 21, figs. 2, 3; Pl. 22, fig.1.) Moderate in size, as before 
described, anteriorly slightly bowed and concave, posteriorly obtusely 
pointed. The anterior angles form distinct stout lobes or auricles. 
The posterior portion, projecting beyond the notzeum border, is some- 
what specialized, being slightly broader and thicker than at the point 
where it passes beneath the notzeum, and curled sharply upward. This 
might be thought to be a mere accident of preservation in this speci- 
men, but has been described for other species of the genus. Whether 
it occurs in life or is due to the strong contraction in death of the 
structure next mentioned is uncertain. The dorsal surface of the 
foot is appressed to the edge of the notzeum where it passes beneath 
it, and at and posterior to this point bears a narrow central muscular 
thickening or pad. Similar structures have been minutely described 
by Bergh for other species of the genus. The function is unknown 
but does not its position suggest that it may be merely a vestigial 
operculiferous lobe ¢ 

Parasites.—On sectioning the left tentacle two large encysted 
parasites were found, complex organisms, probably Trematodes. 
Prof. Henry B. Ward, of the University of Lilinois, is kindly examin- 
ing them and it is hoped to present further conclusions in connection 
with the forthcoming paper in the American Naturalist. The highly 
abnormal character of this tentacle and its parasitization may possi- 
bly be more than a coincidence. Nematodes have been found with 
the larve of O. grenlandica (Bergh [1887], p. 276, note). 


476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ~ Gvor. 38: 





RELATIONSHIP OF THE PRESENT SPECIES TO THE OTHER SPECIES 
OF THE GENUS. 


The names applied to species now considered to belong to Onchidiop- 
sis are few, being in chronological order as follows: 

Coriocella carnea Kroyer [1847], p. 115, no. 10. 

Coriocella recondita Kroyer [1847], p. 115, no. 11. 

Lamellaria glacialis M. Sars [1850], p. 185. 

Onchidiopsis grenlandica Bergh [1853], p. 346. 

Onchidiopsis recnhardi Beck. Mérch [1868], p. 25. 

Onchidiopsis grenlandica, var. pacifica Bergh [1887], p. 2 

Onchidiopsis palliata Lovén (unpublished, a label name, teste Pos- 
selt [1898]). 

Of these recondita is the young of carnea; palliata and reinhardi 
were both applied to unusually large specimens of granlandica (rein- 
hardi said to be over three inches long); and carnea itself is now 
treated as a full synonym of grenlandica.4 

This leaves only glacialis Sars, and granlandica Bergh with its var. 
pacifica Bergh. 'The real status of these forms is in the highest degree 
problematical. All are strictly boreal, and Bergh is the great author- 
ity on them. Unfortunately his last publication on the group—in 
his great monograph of the Marseniade (Bergh [1887])—while very 
full and elaborate, does not do its author justice. The text and plates 
are repeatedly in disagreement, and the former has been found blind 
by others besides the present writer. Among other things, both 
description and figures appear to show that granlandica, var. pacifica 
is in reality nearer to glacialis than it is to grenlandica, being a variant 
in the same direction as glacialis but more extreme. But Bergh him- 
self evidently felt great doubt whether he was in fact dealing with 
more than one species in all. With the growth of his work on the 
genus, and the accumulation of more material, his species, at first 
fairly well distinguished, have approached each other more and more, 
till he finally relies for the discrimination of granlandica from glacialis 
on the fact that in the former the shell is broader behind, the osphra- 
dium black on its base, the gill leaflets of ‘somewhat peculiar form,” 
and the inner members of the pairs of uncinal hooks not denticulate. 
As to this last character, which seems the best of the lot, pacifica 
(which Bergh treats as a variety of grenlandica) has the hooks more 
strongly denticulate than glacialis itself! 

Bergh says Sars confused the two species. Friele [1901, p. 68] has 
not hesitated to unite them, though without discussion. Knipowitsch 
[1902, pp. 861-863] retains them nominally BOparAte; though conclud- 


@ Kréyer’s name carnea is earlier than granlandica but is a nomen nudum (see oe 
in bibliography) and dates only from Bergh’s habilitation of it in 1853. This is also 
the date of the more familiar grenlandica Bergh, which luckily may be retained as 
having page priority. 


No. 1761. A NEW SPECIES OF ONCHIDIOPSIS—BALCH. 417 


ing, after some discussion based on considerable material (all from 
one locality, however), that granlandica is at most a variety of gla- 
cialis. He did not have pacifica betore him. He found that cok 
out of the eight specimens which he separated as granlandica from his 
single specimen of glacialis had black osphradia, but one of them had 
also denticulate uncini. 

The present species is evidently fully congeneric, but is much 
farther from any of the above forms than any of them are from one 
another. It is impossible to say to which it comes nearest. Like 
granlandica, it has an osphradium with black base and nondenticulate 
inner uncinal hooks in the radula. In the median tooth (‘ rhachis” 
of Bergh), and in the character of the noteeum, it is nearer glacialis. 
In the very peculiar penis it is perhaps nearest pacifica. But in the 
smooth notzeum with reticulate pattern, the extraordinary penis, the 
shape of the jaws, the shape of the osphradium leaflets, and above all 
in the structure of the shell, it is sharply distinguished from any of 
them; while there are minor points of individuality in the radula, 
the shape and musculature of the rostrum, the form of the tentacles 
and proportion of the eyes, the form of the body and notzum (espe- 
cially the anterior lappets), and the shape of the gill leaflets. 

It would seem that the species of the genus should for the present 
be written as follows: 

O. glacialis (Sars, 1850), colorless osphradium, slightly denticulate uncinal hooks, 
comparatively smooth notzeum, gill leaflets not auriculate at tip. Distribution paleo- 
boreal and arctic. 

O. glacialis, var. grenlandica Bergh, 1853 (syn.: carnea, recondita, reinhardti, palliata), 
osphradium with black base, nondenticulate uncinal hooks (occasionally denticulate), 
warty notzeum, gill leaflets auriculate at tip. Distribution paleo-boreal and arctic. 

O. glacialis, var. pacifica Bergh, 1887, osphradium as in last, uncinal hooks usually 
strongly denticulate (sometimes smooth), rhachis peculiar, penis peculiar, noteeum 
as in last. Distribution pacifico-boreal. 

O. corys, new species, osphradium with black base but peculiar form, uncinal hooks 
smooth (in the unique specimen), notzeum (top) smooth, gill leaflets not auriculate, 
penis peculiar. Distribution neo-boreal (?). (further distinguished from the glacialis 
forms by shell, etc., as elsewhere stated.) 


THE RELATIONSHIPS OF ONCHIDIOPSIS TO OTHER GENERA OF 
LAMELLARIIDZ.< 


The Lamellariide constitute a small, highly aberrant, and some- 
what heterogeneous family, treated by Bergh as distinct from the 
Velutinide and containing only the genera Chelynotus’ (Swainson) 
Bergh, Marsenia Leach [= Lamellaria Montagu], Marseniella Bergh, 
Marseniopsis Bergh, Marsenina Gray, and Onchidiopsis (Beck) 
Bergh. The Velutinide, however, are included in the same group 


a Called by Bergh and some others Marseniadz, but luckily the more familiar name 
Lameilaria for the typical genus appears to be correct under the International Rules, 
rather than Marsenia. 

5 Better treated as a subgenus of Lamellaria, 


478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 38. 





by Woodward [1880], Tryon [1886], Fischer [1887], Cooke [1895], 
Simroth [1896-1907], and most other systematists, some calling the 
resulting family Lamellariide, some Velutinidee. 

Bergh himself recognized that the genera Onchidiopsis and Mar- 
senina, at least, might be united with the Velutinide were it not that on 
the other hand they connect through the puzzling genus Marseniopsis 
with the irreconcilable genera Chelynotus, Lamellaria, and Marseniella. 

Bergh summarized his views in the following: 


‘CONSPECTUS GENERUM. 


[Armatura {Pars inf. vas defer. non 
lingualis | | liberascste-<cscice04e Chelynotus Sw. 

Plica expira- 11 Marsenia Leach [= Daan 

toria nulla. Pon inf.vas defer. libera; Lamellaria| dicecious: 

Marseniella Bergh | 
Test. int. calearea...-... J Marseniopsis Bergh 

Plica expira-| 31-3 er semi-int . calearea. : Marsenina Gray le aeeeiae 

hones ss | Test.int. comings... -.- Onchidiopsis Bergh J 


It is apparent that, but for the contradictory characters of Marseni- 
opsis, the genera would fall apart in two well-marked groups, which 
may be called the Lamellaria group and the Onchidiopsis group, the 
latter then clearly uniting with the Velutinide, which agree in every 
essential respect, especially dentition and hermaphroditism,” except 
that the shell is still external and, of course, the expiratory fold is 
therefore not developed.? In short, the group considered as a whole 
would appear as either monophyletic but sharply divergent, or as 
di-phyletic and partially convergent. 

The introduction of Marseniopsis into the scheme makes any 
orderly phylogenetic interpretation impossible—that is to say, it 
makes any true arrangement impossible. We must, therefore, for 
any conclusion, await new facts, particularly as to Marseniopsis, 
which it would be desirable to investigate further. The bearing of 
the new species which is the subject of this paper on the situation is, 
by its shell structure, to draw Onchidiopsis closer to Marsenina, par- 
tially bridging the gap and indicating in a most interesting way the 
precise manner in which the still whorled shell of Marsenina has 
degenerated, in this series, to the mere scale of the other species of 
Onchidiopsis. 





«The hermaphroditism of Velutina rests on the bare casual mention of Bergh. So 
interesting a fact should be verified. The preserved material at my command has not 
permitted this. There is reason to suspect, as Simroth especially has suggested, that 
hermaphroditism among the prosobranchs may be much more frequent than commonly 
supposed. 

5 It is difficult to understand the high morphological significance Bergh appears to 
attach to this obviously plastic feature. The fold is in fact scarcely so much an 
anatomical character*as an habitual manner of carrying the mantle border. The 
specimen examined by me suggests the idea that in life it might have been obliterated 
and re-formed at will. It can at least have nosystematic importance in a phylogenetic 
series commencing with a shell-covered form. 


NO. 1761. A NEW SPECIES OF ONCHIDIOPSIS—BALCH. 479 











As to the troublesome Marseniopsis, it seems closer to the Velu- 
tinine than to the Lamellariine. The extraordinary aberrant radula 
of the latter is a tangible and strong point of demarcation in which 
no error of observation or interpretation is likely. It is an unbridged 
gap, and Marseniopsis is here wholly with the Velutinine. As to 
the two characters which ally it with the Lamellariine, the expiratory 
cleft has already been commented on, while for an appreciation of 
the slight and almost technical character of the line separating 
androgyny from unisexuality in the gasteropods Pelseneer’s paper 
should be consulted (Pelseneer, 1894). 

Since the last of Bergh’s writings on the group the Australian 
genus Caledoniella Souverbie 1869, hitherto known only from the 
shell,“ has been partially elucidated by Basedow [1905]. The shell 
is wholly internal, thin, incompletely calcified, but otherwise not 
very degenerate, and consists of 8 + whorls. It is strikingly naticoid 
in appearance. The radula has the formula 2—1—1—1—2 and in 
general resembles those found in the Velutinine—i. e., is naticoid. 
We do not know whether the animal is monecious or dicecious. Base- 
dow’s figures do not show any expiratory cleft or fold, but in his 
generic diagnosis he says:—‘‘renal aperture on the right, the mantle- 
border slightly grooved outward from this spot,’ which may indicate 
that the fold is present in rudimentary form. The anatomical data 
are insufficient for placing the genus with entire confidence, but so far 
as known ally it with Marsenina and Ouchidiopsis in the Veiutinine, 
where it would lie near the base of the series. Two things, however, 
throw doubt on the correctness of thisdisposition. First,if Marsenina 
and Ouchidiopsis are really (as believed) derived from the naticoids 
through velutinoids, then it is difficult to see how Caledoniella can be 
introduced into the series, with a shell which, though more degenerate 
than any Velutina, appears to relate back direct to Natica. Second, 
Caledoniella is an Australian form, thus geographically suggesting 
alliance with the Lamellariine, which though world-wide are espe- 
cially tropical and austral, rather than with the Velutininx, which are 
essentially boreal. It may be suspected that if ail the facts were 
known Caledoniella would be seen to be a basal term of the Lamella- 
rioid series, its apparently greater resemblance to the Velutinine being 
purely negative and due to its not yet having acquired the peculiari- 
ties of dentition and generative system which mark the typical Lamel- 
larioids. This implies that the family Lamellariidie is diphyletic, 
which is probably the case. But such suspicions can not be allowed 
to override the evidence as it stands and Caledoniella must for the 
present rest among the Velutinine. 

The group considered as a whole is, at all events, a most interesting 
offshoot from the naticoid stem, representing evolution in the same 








@ The animal described by E. A. Smith [1886] as Lamellaria wilsoni appears to have 
been in fact a Caledoniella, but the description is not sufficient to be of use. 


480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


direction as the nudibranchs among opisthobranchs, and the slugs 
among pulmonates, the direction, namely, of loss of shell. This loss 
apparently proceeds by a kind of combination of the methods seen in 
nudibranchs and slugs, for there is an embryonic “nautiloid”’ shell 
afterward shed as in nudibranchs, while the post-embryonic shell is 
overgrown by a notzum and degenerated as in slugs.? It may not 
be wholly a coincidence that the group has developed feeding habits 
(on compound ascidians) recalling the nudibranchs and has become 
(at least in part) like them, hermaphroditic. The aberrant character 
of the group appears in the well-known and extraordinary ‘‘nesting”’ 
habit in a hole made in the ascidian colony and covered with an 
“operculum.” It further appears in the sudden radical departure of 
one section of the group from the tznioglossate type of dentition.’ 

It would seem that the best provisional treatment of the family is 
as follows: 

Family LAMELLARIIDE (various family characters in nervous 
system, stomach, etc. Consult Bergh). 

Subfamily Lamentarinz (Radula 1-1-1, of aberrant form. 
Sexes separate. Shell few whorled, wholly internal, but calcareous 
though sometimes very degenerate.© No expiratory cleft. Nearly 
world-wide but especially tropical). 

Genus Lamellaria Montagu (part), 1815 (syn. includes Coriocella 
Blainville, 1824, Cryptothyra Menke, 1830, Marsenia Leach, 1847, 
Cryptocella H. and A. Adams, 1853, Hrmea Gray, 1857). 

Subgenus Marseniella Bergh. 
Subgenus Chelynotus (Swainson, 1849) Bergh. 

Subfamily VELuTININ[E. (Radula 2—1-1-1-2, of naticoid form. 
Sexes united. Shell progressively degenerating from several whorled, 
external, calcareous though thin, to a mere internal horny scale. 
Expiratory cleft developed where shell is internal. Boreal except 
Caledoniella.) 

« May it be that the spicules of the dorid nudibranchs represent an exactly similar 
phenomenon? It has been generally assumed that the loss of the nautiloid embryonic 
shell ends the shell-history of the individual dorid and that the spicules with which 
the notzeum is so plentifully beset represent a novel formation. The same assump- 
tion might have been made for Onchidiopsis were not the shell, especially in the species 
here described, still unmistakable as such. In other words, if we use the history of 
the shell in Onchidiopsis, which is still decipherable, as a key to read the history of 
the shell in the dorids, where it is not clearly decipherable, we shall conclude that 
the lost ‘‘nautiloid” shell is only the protoconch and shall homologize the spicules 
of the adult notzeum with the adult internal shell of Onchidiopsis. There is nothing 
in the morphological relations of the notzeeum and mantle to forbid this, and it seems 
to the writer worthy of serious consideration. 

b The strikingly parallel aberration of the subgenus Turritellopsis, in the Turritel- 
lide, should be compared, however, as an illustration of how profoundly and suddenly 
the taenioglossate typ@of dentition may be modified without any apparent great change 
in the rest of the organism. Figures may be found in Tryon’s Manual. 

c**Presque membraneuse,’’ LL. leptolemma Bergh. 


NO. 1761. A NEW SPECIES OF ONCHIDIOPSIS—BALCH. 481 





Genus Velutina Fleming 1822. 
Subgenus Limneria H. and A. Adams, 1853 (syn. Mervillia 
Gray 1857). 
Subgenus Velutella Gray, 1847. 
Genus Caledoniella Souverbie, 1869. 
Genus Marsenina, Gray, 1850. 
Genus Onchidiopsis (Beck) Bergh, 1853. 


. GENERA OF UNCERTAIN POSITION. 


Genus Marseniopsis Bergh, 1886. Radula 2-1-1-1-2. Shell 
internal, calcareous, degenerate. Sexes separate. Strictly austral. 
Genus Lamellariopsis Vayssiére [1906]. Radula 2—-1-1-1-2. 
Shell internal, calcareous, thin, paucispiral. The published ‘“diag- 
nosis” (quite insufficient) does not show any generic difference from 
Marsenina. Austral. 
Genera Leptonotis, Gray, 1847; Scevogyra, Whitfield, 1877 ; Lyo- 
soma, White, 1883. Fossil. 
[In addition numerous names applied to the embryonic shells— 


see Tryon and Bergh. ] 
LITERATURE. 
Basepow, HERBERT. 
[1905.] On Naticoid Genera Lamellaria and Caledoniella from South Australia. 
Trans. Royal Soc. South Australia, vol. 29, 1905, pp. 181-186, pls. 26-29. 
BATESON, WILLIAM. 
[1894.] Materials for the Study of Variation treated with especial regard to Dis- 
continuity in the Origin of Species. Macmillan & Co., 1894. 
Berau, Ruporpa. 
[1853.] Bidrag til en Monographi af Marseniaderne, en Familie af de gastreeopode 
Mollusker. En critisk, zootomisk, zoologisk Underségelse. Kongl. Danske 
Vid. Selsk. Skrift, 5'e Reekke, naturvid. og math. Afd., 3die Bind, 1853, pp. 
239-350, pls. 1-5. 

Although since corrected and amplified in many respects by the later 
researches of the author, this work of his youth remains the indispensable 
storehouse of original observations on the Lamellariidie, and the basis of our 
modern classification. Unfortunately the plates are poor and the text in 
Danish only. There is a ‘‘separate” issue repaged 1-119. Pages cited in 
text are from original pagination. 

[1857.] Bidrag til en anatomisk Underségelse af Marsenina prodita (Lovén). 
Naturh. For. Vid. Medd., Kjébenhavn, 1857, pp. 1-15, pl. 1. 

[1885.] Die Marseniaden. Zoologischen Jahrbiichern, vol. 1, 1885, pp. 165-176, 
1 text-fig, 

This short but valuable paper was an early announcement of the author’s 
chief generalizations from the Challenger material and the material from 
Semper’s Philippine journeys. It need not, however, be consulted by the 
English student, as a translation has been published practically unchanged 
in the Challenger reports. See next item. 

[1886.] Report on the Marseniadee. Voy. Challenger, Zool., vol. 15, pt. 41, 
1886, pp. 1-24, pl. 1. 

The first, or general part, appears to be a nearly, if not quite, literal trans- 
lation of the item last above. It will be found the most satisfactory and acces- 
sible brief general account for most English readers. 


Proc. N.M. vol.88—10——31 


482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Bercu, RupoLtpH—Continued. 

[1886-87.] Die Marseniaden. Malacologische Untersuchungen (in Semper’s Reisen 
nach. Philipp., vol. 2, ii), Supplement, hefte 3 and 4, 1886-87, pls. 1-11. 

A great monograph of the whole family, summing up and supplementing 
the author’s whole previous work thereon, and practically his last word on 
the subject—unfortunately, however, not representative of his best work. 
The same matter as in the last two items once more appears nearly unchanged, 
but forming only a small part of the whole monograph. 

[1893.] Opisthobranches provenant des Campagnes du Yacht /’ Hirondelle. Resul- 
tats des Campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht, par Albert 1° 
Prince Souverain de Monaco, publiés sous sa Direction avec le concours du 
Baron Jules de Guerne chargé des Travaux Zoologiques & bord. Fascic. 4, 
1893, pp. 30-32. 

[1898.] Die Opisthobranchien der Sammlung Plate, Zoologischen Jahrbiichern, 
Supplement 4, heft 3, 1898 (Anhang, pp. 562-573, pls. 32-33). 

[1899.] Nudibranches et Marsenia provenant des Campagnes de la Princesse-A lice 
(1891-1897). Resultats des Campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son 
yacht, par Albert 1°, Prince Souverain de Monaco, publiés sous sa direction 
avec le concours de M. Jules Richard, Doct. és-sciences, chargé des 
Travaux Zoologiques 4 bord, fascic. 14, 1899, pp. 30-39, pls. 1, 2. 

Cooke, Rev. A. H. 

[1895.] Molluscs (The Cambridge Natural History, vol. 3), pp. 1-459, Macmillan 
& Co., 1895. 

FiscHer, PAUL. Fa 

[1881-1887.] Manuel de Conchyliologie et de Paleontologie conchyliologique, 
ou Histoire naturelle des Mollusques vivants et fossiles. Paris, 1881-1887. 

FRIELE, HERMAN. 

[1901.] Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition, 1876-1878, vol. 28, Zoologi, Mollusca, 

3, pp. i-viii, 1-129, list of stations and map. Fol., Christiania, 1901. 
Knreowitscu, N. 

[1902.] Zoologische Ergebnisse der Russischen Expeditionen nach Spitzbergen. 
Mollusca and Brachiopoda 2 and 3. Ann. Mus. Zool. St. Petersberg, vol. 7, 
1902, pp. 355-459, pls. 8-9. 

Kroyer, Dr. H. 

[1847.] Verzeichniss der Naturaliensammlung, welche auf Befehl des Kénigs 
aus verschiedenen Kéniglichen Musiien in Kopenhagen, so wie auch aus 
einigen Privatsammlungen zur 24. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher 
und Aerzte nach Kiel gesandt war. 2. Weichthiere aus der Sammlung der 
Herrn Dr. Kroyer. a. Von Spitzbergen. 6. Von Norwegen und Dinemark. 
In: Amtlicher Bericht ueber die 24. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher 
und Aerzte in Kiel in September, 1846. Kiel, 1847. 

In the list of mollusca from Kréyer’s collection, which begins on p. 115, 
the species are numbered, and on that page, under the caption ‘‘a. Von 
Spitzbergen,’’ Nos. 10 and 11 are respectively ‘‘Coriocella carnea Kr.—1 
(exemplar)? and ‘‘Coriocella recondita Kr.—1 ditto.’’ They are absolutely 
nomina nuda, and could only date from their habilitation by Bergh in 1853. 

Morceu, O. A. L. 

[1868.] Faunula Molluscorum Islandiz. (Oversigt over Islands Bléddyr.) 
Videnskab. Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kj6benhavn for 
Aaret 1868, nos. 11-13, pp. 185-229. Copenhagen, 1869. 

The entire volume bears date 1869 but apparently the numbers originally 
issued separately, and this article appeared in 1868. 

PELSENEER, PAUL. 

[1894.] Hermaphroditism in Mollusca. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. 37, 1894, 

pp. 19-46, pls. 4-6. 


No. 1761. A NEW SPECIES OF ONCHIDIOPSIS—BALCH. 483 


Posse.t, HENR. J. 
[1898.] Grénlands Brachiopoder og Bléddyr. In: Meddelelser om Grénland, 
udg. Comm. Ledelsen geol. og. geogr. Underségelser i Grénland. Heft 
XXIII, Afd. i, vol. 1, 1898, pp. i-xix, 1-298, pls. 1-2, Kjébenhavn, 1898, 8°°. 
Often cited as ‘‘Conspectus Faunze Groenlandice,’’ a subtitle which seems 
to have been added in the ‘‘separate” issue. 
Sars, G. O. 
[1878.] Mollusca Regionis Arcticee Norvegie. Bidrag til Kundskaben om 
Norges Arktiske Fauna, vol. 1, pp. i-xv, 1-466, pls. 1-34 (shells and animals) 
and 1-18 (dentition and opercula), Christiania, 1878. 
Sars, M. 
[1850.] Beretning om en i Sommeren 1849 foretagen zoologisk Reise i Lofoten og 
Finmarken. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidensk., vol. 6, heft 2, 1850, pp. 121-211. 
Stmrortu, Dr. H. 
[1896-1907.] Bronn’s Klass. u. Ord. des Tier-Reichs, vol. 3, Mollusca, 2° Ab- 
teilung, Gastropoda prosobranchia, pp. i-vii, 1-1056, pls. 1-63, Leipzig. 
Issued in separate Lieferungen from 1896 to 1907. 
Smiry, Epcar A. 
[1886.] Description of a new species of Lamellaria from South Australia. Ann. 
and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 18, 1886, pp. 270-275, 1 text-fig. 
Tryon, GEo. W., Jr. 
[1886.] Manual of Conchology; structural and systematic, vol. 8. . Naticidee 
(etc.), Philadelphia, 1886. 
VAYSSIERE, A. * 
[1906a.] Diagnoses generiques de Mollusques Gastéropodes nouveaux rapportés 
par |’ Expedition antarctique du Dr. Charcot. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 
1906, pp. 147-149. 
[1906b.] Sur les Gastéropodes Nudibranches et sur les Marséniadés de |’ Expe- 
dition antarctique du Dr. Charcot. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 142, 
1906, pp. 718-719. 
Woopwarbp, 8. P. 
[18s0.] A Manual of the Mollusca, being a treatise on recent and fossil shells. 
. 4th ed., London, 1880. 


DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 
PEATE “21. 


Fig. 1. Onchidiopsis corys. Dorsal view; e.=eye; ex. cl.=expiratory cleft; in. cl.= 
inspiratory cleft; /. /.=left lobe of anterior lappet; /. ¢.=left tentacle; r. 
rostrum; r. /.=right lobe of anterior lappet. 

2. Onchidiopsis corys. Ventral view. Lettering as in fig. 1; also: ab. e.=abnormal 

eye; m.=mouth; m. c.=mantle cavity. 

. Onchidiopsis corys. View from right side. Lettering as in figs. 1 and 2; also: 

p.=penis; r. t.=right tentacle. 

4. Onchidiopsis corys. Shell. View from right side and looking slightly from 
rearand above. The infolded posterior portion is seen through the anterior 
portion. A.=anterior; D.=dorsal; P.=posterior; V.=ventral. (In this 


S 


w 


and next two figures the shell appears too solid, being in reality a nearly 
colorless translucent film.) 
. Onchidiopsis corys. Shell. View from right side and looking from rear and 
below. L.=left; R.=right. Remarks as in last. 
6. Onchidiopsis corys. Shell. View from below. Lettering and remarks as in 
figs. 4 and 5. (The waving of the infolded portion appears exaggerated in 


this figure. ) 


ou 


484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








Fig. 7. Marsenina prodita. Shell. (This and next two figures are drawn, regardless 
of scale, for comparison of shell structure, forming a progressive degenera- 
tion series. ) 

Marseninaampla. Shell. See remarks under fig. 7. 

9. Onchidiopsis corys. Shell, represented semidiagrammatically as a solid object, 
from below. See remarks under fig. 7. 

10. Onchidiopsis corys. Osphradium and ctenidium, semidiagrammatically rep- 
resented from an anterior viewpoint. Ctf.=ctenidium; D.=dorsal; L.=left; 
Os.=osphradium; Rk.=right; V.=ventral. The stippling represents the 
black-pigmented areas on the roof of the gill cavity and basal surfaces of 
the lobes of the osphradial leaflets. 


oo 


PLATE 22. 


Fig. 1. Onchidiopsis corys. Dorsal view of head region. Noteeum is slightly slit up 
from inspiratory cleft and the lobes of the anterior lappet turned back. 
ab. e.=abnormal eye; ab. t.=abnormal (external) branch of the bifid left 
tentacle; b.=foot; e.=eye; f.=auricle of foot; g. c.=opening of gill cavity; 
l. l.=left lobe of anterior lappet; /. t.=left tentacle; p. bas.=penis, basal 
portion; p.cr.=penis, crest; 7.=rostrum; r. /.=right lobe of anterior lappet; 
r. t.=right tentacle. 

2. Dissection of rostrum. Dorsal view. 6. m.=buccal mass; j7.=jaws; 1. t.=left 
tentacle; ph.=wall of pharynx; ph. cav.=pharyngeal cavity; r.=rostrum; 
rad.=radula; rad. sac.=radula sac; re. m.=retractor muscles; r.t.=right 
tentacle. (The walls of the dorsal half of the rostrum are represented 
as cleanly cut away except at the tip, which is intact. The retractor 
muscle bundles, which line it, are only partially shown, and some are 
represented as broken and pushed aside to allow a view of the pharynx. 
The thin-walled pharynx is represented as partially transparent, and 
through it, represented in dotted lines, are seen the jaws and the buccal 
mass, the latter containing the greater portion of the radula. On top of the 
pharynx and to the left lies the radula sac, a prolongation of the buccal 
mass the neck of which pierces the pharynx wall. The radula is shown 
as if the radula sac and buccal mass were semitransparent. ) 

3. Semidiagrammatic view of rostrum from left side. The wall of the rostrum 
is supposed to be wholly removed except at the tip, where it is intact. As 
in the last figure, the jaws and buccal mass are represented as seen through 
the thin-walled pharynx, and the radula as if seen inside the buccal 
mass and radula sac; but in this figure their lines are not dotted. Lettering 
as in last; also, m.=mouth. 

4. Jaws, seen from left side. A.=anterior; D.=dorsal; P.=posterior; V.=ven- 
tral. 

5. Radula. Dorsal view of three rows from near broadest point (about ten rows 
from anterior end). Camera lucida drawing. X oc. 1, obj. 3. 

6. Radula. Two uncinal hooks from right side. Camera lucida drawing. 
oc) Lobyi7: 


Plate 21, figures 1, 2,3, and 10, and Plate 22, all figures, were drawn by the author 
from thespecimen. Plate 21, figures 4, 5, and 6, were, drawn by Mr. Sergius Morgulis, 
from the specimen. Plate 21, figures 7 and 8, are copied from figures reproduced in 
Tryon’s Manual of Conchology. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 21 


Cr. CL 77. Gz 





A New LABRADOREAN SPECIES OF ONCHIDIOPSIS. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 483. 








U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 22 





A NEw LABRADOREAN SPECIES OF ONCHIDIOPSIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 483 AND 484. 





LEIDYOSUCHUS STERNBERGIT, A NEW SPECIES OF CROC. 
ODILE FROM THE CERATOPS BEDS OF WYOMING. 


By Cuarites W. GrumMore, 


Custodian of Fossil Reptiles, U.S. National Museum. 


The Division of Vertebrate Paleontology of the U.S. National 
Museum has recently acquired from Mr. C. H. Sternberg, of Law- 
rence, Kansas, an unusually well-preserved crocodilian skull and 
jaws associated with other parts of the skeleton. The specimen was 
found by his son, Mr. Charles M. Sternberg, on the north side of the 
Cheyenne River, in the Ceratops Beds of Converse County, Wyoming, 
during the summer of 1909. 

Although there is abundant evidence of the existence of crocodiles 
in these beds, well-preserved specimens are exceedingly rare. Such 
fragmentary remains as have been found from time to time paleon- 
tologists have usually referred to Crocodilus humilis Leidy, a Judith 
River species founded upon insufficient evidence, and as Hatcher 4 
has pointed out, ‘“‘the simple conical teeth upon which the species 
was based furnish no characters for the positive identification of 
other material.” 

The specimen considered here, I refer to the recently established 
genus Leidyosuchus of Lambe,’ which is founded upon specimens 
from the Judith River Beds (Belly River) of Alberta, Canada. Even 
though it occurs in a geological horizon of considerably later age, 
no characters were detected which would justify more than its spe- 
cific separation from Leidyosuchus canadensis Lambe, and I there- 
fore take great pleasure in naming the species after the veteran col- 
lector, Mr. C. H. Sternberg, whose devotion to paleontology has done 
so much to further that science. 


a Bull. No. 257, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1905, p. 82. 
6 Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, vol. 1, 1908, pp. 219-244. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VOL. 38—No. 1762. 


486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


LEIDYOSUCHUS STERNBERGII, new species. 


Pls. 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27. 





Holotype.—Cat. No. 6533, U.S.N.M., consists of the greater por- 
tion of the skull, the left ramus almost entire, anterior part of the 
right ramus, eight vertebrae in various stages of preservation, both 
humeri, right fibula, second metatarsal of the left hind foot, and 
other fragmentary parts of the skeleton. 

Ty pe-locality.—North side of Cheyenne River, about 3 miles west 
of McKeow’s ranch, Converse County, Wyoming. 

Horizon.—Ceratops Beds, Cretaceous. 

Detailed description.—Viewed from above the form of the skull 
resembles that of the living crocodile, although compared with Croco- 
dilus americanus it is proportionally broader posteriorly, approach- 
ing nearer in its general outline the skull of C. porosus. Evidently 
the specimen is that of an adult as shown by the complete coales- 
cence of many of the sutures. A section across the whole width of 
the median preorbital region and extending back on the right poste- 
rior half of this aspect has been lost through erosion. In Pl. 23 is 
shown a superior view of the skull, reproduced here from a photo- 
graph taken after the missing portions were restored. The lighter 
color of the restored parts distinguishes them at once from the origi- 
nal fossil. 

The coalesced parietals occupy the posterior median position, their 
anterior lateral borders forming the inner boundaries of the supra- 
temporal fosse. The least width of the parietals between these 
racuities is 17 mm. The posterior half of the dorsal surfaces of the 
parietals is covered with large, deep, irregularly shaped pits, while 
on that portion between the fossxe there is a single median longitu- 
dinal ridge with comparatively smooth tracts on either side which 
extend laterally to a smooth, raised ridge of bone around the inner 
and posterior boundaries of the supratemporal vacuities. The suture 
between the parietal and squamosal of the left side can not be dis- 
tinguished, but as shown in L. canadensis their union is probably at 
the middle of the posterior boundary of the supratemporal fossa. 

The union of the parietals with the frontal is only dimly discern- 
ible, but on the inner anterior surface of the left supratemporal fossa 
the suture is quite distinct and shows clearly that the frontals con- 
tribute to the boundary of the fossa on the superior surface between 
the parietal and postfrontal, as in Diplocynodon Pomel. ‘Two de- 
tached but broken parts of the frontal bone, which were found near 
this specimen and which supplement each other, may, from their 
size and sculpturing, be considered as belonging to the present species, 
and shows that this bone was broad behind and narrow in front. In 
the type skull the side of the frontal is excavated for a distance of 


No. 1762 A NEW FOSSIL, CROCODILE—GILMORE. 487 


18 mm. by the inner border of the orbit. The posterior upper sur- 
face is ornamented with well-defined pits, smaller than those found 
on the same surface of the parietals. These pits vary in size and 
shape from subround to elongate-oval, being arranged in transverse 
rows and separated by ridges narrower than themselves; none are 
confluent. The larger pits have their greatest diameter transversely. 
The median anterior portion is without decided ornamentation, as 
best shown in a detached frontal (Cat. No. 6542, U.S.N.M.). The 
whole of the under surface is smooth except an area on either side 
posteriorly for the sutural union with the alisphenoids, where it forms 
a considerable part of the roof of the cranial cavity. Between the 
alisphenoids is a median longitudinal depression, which carries the 
sense organs to the olfactory lobes of the brain. This groove tray- 
erses the whole length of the bone, widening anteriorly to the fronto- 
prefrontal suture. Posteriorly, this suture can only be made out on 
the inner orbital surface where it occupies approximately the same 
position as in C. americanus, and on the orbital side runs obliquely 
downward and forward. 

The squamosal meets the quadrate and exoccipital below and forms 
part of the roof of the external auditory meatus. It is pitted above, 
and, with the prefrontal, forms the outer boundary of the supra- 
temporal fossa. The postfrontal unites as usual with the jugal by a 
strong postorbital bar. The shape or extent of the nasals, pre- 
frontals, or lachrymals can not be determined in this specimen, as all 
of the sutures are obscure. These bones are roughly sculptured. 
That portion of the preorbital region which is preserved in this speci- 
men is depressed medially and at the sides is bent sharply downward 
and inward to the aveolar border; more anteriorly the direction of the 
side is only downward. As a whole, the snout is bent somewhat 
upward, so that in profile the anterior portion is slightly concave 
above. (See Pl. 25.) The cranium above and extending down the 
sides on the jugal, maxillary, and premaxillary bones is beautifully 
sculptured with pits of irregular size and shape, inclosed by reticular 
ridges of varying widths. The sculpturing is most rugose on the pos- 
terior elements, particularly on the jugal and posterior half of the 
maxillary; medially on the nasals, are long, broken, longitudinal 
grooves, while on the muzzle the pitting as a rule is finer and more 
shallow, and lacks the definition of the posterior surfaces. 

Over the aveoli for the ninth and tenth teeth, the lateral borders 
of the maxille are swollen outwardly, but anteriorly the muzzle 
eradually contracts to the elongated notch which receives the lower 
‘anines, this being the narrowest part of the skull, measuring 50 mm. 
in transverse diameter. In advance of the notch the premaxille 
swell out into a moderately broad but evenly rounded nose. The 
widest part, over the fourth premaxillary teeth, measures 58 mm. 


488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


The premaxille inclose the heart-shaped external nares, but it 
can not be determined from this specimen whether or not the nasals 
extended into this opening. In Diplocynodon hautoniensis (Wood), 
which Owen figures in his monograph ® under the name Crocodilus 
hastingsiz, the nasals do not reach the narial opening, and taking into 
account the many other resemblances it may be that the same condi- 
tion prevails in the nasals of Leidyosuchus. Lambe, from incomplete 
evidence, was inclined to believe the nasals reached a point in advance 
of the maxillaries in L. canadensis, and if his observation be correct, 
they at least approach the nares more closely than in Diplocynodon. 

The posterior extent of the facical processes of the premaxille can not 
be determined, although the maxillo-premaxillary and maxillo-nasal 
sutures can be traced (see Pl. 23) back as far as the missing facical 
section previously mentioned. Latero-inferiorly the posterior bound- 
ary of the premaxillary is at the back of the notch behind the fifth 
tooth, where the maxillo-premaxillary suture passes on to the palate. 

The supratemporal fossz are of good size and subelliptical in shape, 
measuring 33 mm. longitudinally and 23 mm. transversely. The 
orbit communicates with the infratemporal fossa. The latter are 
slightly smaller than the supratemporal fossx and angularly rounded. 
The left fossa, the borders of which are nearly intact, measures about 
25 mm. both transversely and antero-posteriorly. 

The orbits are large and look upward and forward, with their inner 
borders everted as in the alligator. The greatest longitudinal diame- 
ter of the left orbit is 55 mm. and the transverse diameter 38 mm. 

The inferior or palatal surface is more complete than the dorsal, 
lacking only the posterior ends of the palatines, the right pterygoid, 
transpalatine, and posterior half of maxillary of same side. The 
anterior palatal region is decidedly concave transversely, and between 
those elements which have not suffered mutilation all of the sutures 
are plainly distinguishable. The palatine processes of the premaxille 
reach the level of the aveolus for the first maxillary tooth, the pos- 
terior ends being rounded. In this view the premaxille inclose a 
small rounded anterior palatine vacuity which measures 12 mm. 
longitudinally and 13 mm. transversely. 

The anterior processes of the maxillze extend forward on the median 
line to the level of the middle of the notch which separates the maxil- 
lary and premaxillary dental series. 

The palatines meet the maxille at the center by a nearly straight 
transverse suture opposite the tenth maxillary tooth. The median 
posterior processes of the maxille extend back on the sides of the 
palatines to a point opposite the thirteenth maxillary tooth. The 
palatines are narrow and at the middle of the posterior palatine 





fig. 7. 


No. 1762. A NEW FOSSIL CROCODILE—GILMORE. 489 








vacuity measure only 23 mm. in transverse diameter. Their sutural 
union with the pterygoids, owing to the damaged condition of this 
part of the palate, can not be determined. 

The posterior palatine vacuities are comparatively large, measur- 
ing 101 mm. longitudinally and 34 mm. transversely. The anterior 
border of these vacuities is opposite the twelfth maxillary tooth, as 
in Diplocynodon. 

The pterygoid of the left side is practically entire and has suffered 
no distortion. It extends downward and backward from the gen- 
eral level of the palate at an angle of 45°. The postpalatal vacuities 
encroach but little on the pterygoids. The preservation of the back 
border of the posterior aperture of the nasal passages is sufficient to 
establish its position as being wholly surrounded by the pterygoids. 
There is a bridge of bone 12 mm. wide separating this opening from 
the posterior median border of the pterygoids which leads down to 
the median Eustachian foramen. (See Pl. 24.) In all modern 
crocodiles these two openings are separated by only a thin septum 
of bone. In this respect L. sternbergu from the Cretaceous is inter- 
mediate between those early Triassic and Jurassic forms having the 
posterior narial opening well forward on the palate, and the Tertiary 
crocodiles where it has receded posteriorly to a position nearly, if 
not quite, as far as in modern crocodilians. The posterior border of 
the conjoined pterygoids is notched, the notch being the interval 
between two thin diverging processes from the back part of the 
pterygoids. The form of the posterior nares can not be determined 
from this individual. 

The transpalatines connect the pterygoids with the maxilla, as 
shown in Pl. 24. 

In the posterior view of the skull (Pl. 26) hardly any of the sutures 
can now be distinguished, and a comparison of this aspect with the 
excellent figures given by Lambe of Leidyosuchus canadensis, only 
serves to give one an approximate idea of the relations of the several 
elements comprising the occiput. In the proportion of its breadth 
to its depth, L. sternbergii differs from L. canadensis in the considera- 
bly less vertical extent of the coalesced elements overlying the fora- 
men magnum, in the shortness vertically of the descending part of 
the basioccipital, and in the comparative lightness, both horizontally 
and vertically, of the condyle of the quadrate. In the latter respect 
it approaches Diplocynodon hautoniensis of the London Clay. 

The basioccipital is deeper than broad, and viewed from behind 
almost hides the basisphenoid which lies in front of it. Between 
these two bones at their lower extremities is the opening for the 
median eustachian canal. (See m. e. ¢., Pl. 26.) Below the occi- 
pital condyle on the median posterior surface of the basioccipital a 
prominent sharp vertical keel is developed which is even more pro- 


490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


nounced than that found in the living alligators. Another alligator- 
like character is seen in the entire exclusion from this view of the 
posterior nostril, due to its position below the opening of the eusta- 
chian canal and in advance of the posterior border of the pterygoids, 
from which it is partitioned off by a strong bridge of bone 12 mm. wide. 

The exoccipital is pierced by four foramina. Of these, three are 
close together a little above the floor of the foramen magnum PI. 
26. Beginning with the most posterior, they are (XII) foramen for 
the exit of the hypoglossal nerve (X) foramen for the pneumogas- 
tric, and (VII) the largest of the three, which gives passage to the 
facical nerve and certain blood vessels. Below these, near the lower 
extremity of the exoccipital, is the large foramen through which the 
internal carotid artery enters the skull. 

The external auditory meatus leading into the tympanic cavity 
occupies the usual position deep in under the squamosals, and com- 
pared with the same opening in Crocodilus americanus no essential 
differences are apparent. Leading back from the tympanic cavity 
is a canal in the quadrate through which the cartilagimous rod passes, 
and during life is continuous with Meckel’s cartilage within the 
articular bone of the mandible. 

Viewed from the side, the occiput above the level of the floor of the 
foramen magnum is inclined decidedly forward up to the parietal, 
and the part below this level inclined forward to a somewhat greater 
extent in passing down to the lower extremity of the basisphenoid, 
which continues below the basioccipital to meet the conjoined 
pterygoids. 

On account of the damaged condition of the brain case, the ele- 
ments comprising it can not be differentiated, although all the impor- 
tant foramina can be located. Taken in order from back to front they 
are: Foramen ovali for the trigeminal nerve; the pair of foramina 
lying beneath the pituitary fossa which furnish passage for the 
carotid arteries; and the large anterior foramen for the exit of the 
olfactory nerves. In all essentials the relationships of the several 
foramina are very similar to those found in the skull of extant 
crocodilians. 

The teeth—The dental formula of Leidyosuchus sternbergii is 
24 — 24 
21—2] 
teen teeth in the upper and three in the lower mandible in a good state 
of preservation, in addition to the crowns of three others found 
detached. 

The teeth in situ are distributed as follows: First of the left pre- 
maxillary; fourth, sixth, seventh (germ tooth), eighth, twelfth, 
thirteenth, fifteenth (germ tooth), seventeenth, and eighteenth of 
the left maxillary; fourth (germ tooth), seventh, eighth, and ninth 


=90. In the type-specimen we are fortunate in having four- 


NO. 1762. A NEW FOSSIL CROCODILE—GILMORE. 49] 


of the right maxillary. In the left ramus of the lower mandible are 
the fourth and seventeenth, with the base of the twelfth and in the 
portion of the right ramus is the base of the third and a young tooth 
in the eighth alveolus. Taken in the order mentioned above, the 
crowns of the teeth give the following measurements in millimeters, 
the first of each pair of numbers being the height; the second, the 
basal or antero-posterior extent: First, 4.5—3.5; fourth, 9 (tip broken 
off)—7.5; sixth, 6—5; eighth, 4.83—4; twelfth, 6—6; thirteenth, 
5—5.7; seventeenth, 3.2—4.7; eighteenth, 2.5—4.5. Right side, 
seventh, 5—4.1; eighth, 5.1—4.5; ninth, 5—5.6. 

Most of the teeth, excepting those enlarged, are much the same 
shape, with short, compressed subacute or obtuse crowns. The 
crown bears on each side a distinct, sharp-edged ridge placed a little 
toward its inner face, and unworn crowns extending from the apex to 
near the base. These ridges or carina define laterally, on the shorter 
teeth of the series, an area on the inner surface that is less convex and 
slightly less in breadth than the outer surface. In most of the 
enlarged teeth these ridges are placed nearer together and define an 
area on the inner side, the breadth of which slightly exceeds one-third 
the circumference of the tooth. The crowns of all the smaller teeth 
are separated from the fang by a slight constriction or neck. 

The larger teeth in cross section are more rounded and proportion- 
ally narrower transversely than the smaller, but somewhat more 
curved. A scrutiny of the measurements given above shows that the 
crowns of the posterior teeth are greater in width than in height, 
while in advance of the twelfth maxillary tooth the height is greater. 

The anterior pair of premaxillary teeth are close together, being 
separated on the median line by a narrow slit, which emerges dorsally 
into an enlarged rounded foramen. The one preserved tooth of this 
pair is small and comparatively slender. The first pair is separated 
from the alveoli of the second pair by deep pits for the reception of 
the anterior mandibular teeth, which do not perforate the upper 
surface as in some extinct and all modern crocodiles. The second 
pair are small and in close contact with the alveoli for the third pair, 
which are much enlarged. The fourth pair appear to be a trifle larger 
than the third, from which they are separated on the inner side by a 
pit. The fifth and last pair in the premaxillaries are very small and 
in close contact with the fourth. 

Between the fifth pair of the premaxillaries and the first of the 
maxillaries are elongated notches (anterio-posteriorly they measure 
15 mm.) which receive the two enlarged teeth of the mandibular 
series. 

The first three maxillary alveoli are rather small, though they 
increase in size from front to back. The fourth and fifth are much 
enlarged, and, judging from the size of the alveolus, the fourth is the 


492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








most robust tooth of the upper dental series. The sixth, seventh, 
eighth, and ninth are much reduced in size, but the tenth and eleventh 
alveoli appear to have carried larger teeth. From this point, however, 
to the end of the series, the teeth gradually diminish in size toward 
the back. In the lower mandibular series all of the alveoli and three 
of the teeth are preserved. The front teeth of the symphysial region, 
that is, the first to the fourth, were directed obliquely outward. This 
peculiarity is somewhat manifest as far back as the eleventh of the 
series, back of which an upright position is maintained. The dental 
series of the anterior half passes in a curve from the outer to the inner 
side of the dentary. The fourth tooth was probably the largest of 
the lower series, although, judging from the alveoli, the third must 
have been approximately the same size. The fifth to the tenth were 
small. The eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth were slightly and about 
equally enlarged, and those posterior to the thirteenth gradually 
decrease in size. 


Comparative measurements of skulls. 


Holotype | Paratype 
of Leidyo- | of Leidyo- 
suchus suchus 
sternbergii. | canadensis. 


mm. mm. 
Width between outer edges of quadrates, posteriorly................-.-..--.---- 183 201 
Height of occiput, in median line, from upper surface of parietal to anterior edge 

ofopenine of median eustachian canal - oi. 522-222 2. cee. cone oo. cca. oe cmets 61 90 
Height of foramen magnum............. Sean RRO Tee ie Seo ee 13 14 
Widthofforamen mapnum:. 2 <,ke.. o aaeciceooewe Oe ee ee eee eee = = aoe wees 16 17 
Heiehtiof basioccipital, in-median'line .23.-< 6. 22. 2sre ats cece eee see cee soe ce aeel 37.5 42.5 
Breadth, of'basioccipitall atmidhelght. occ... cces s20.0 2 sicic- ofelssinseeiaepicsice siete s as 37 39 
Breadth of.dbindyleiof quadrate.. 2. 2225 hc: boo ote cae odnce ceeabicncecccieeeeme 30 39 
Height of condyle of quadrateiat.center...c¢ 0 2--ces2 sae eee nea cee oe seae eOeee se 11 15 
Breadth of the upper surface of parietal, posteriorly........-..--..-..----------- a 40) 43 
Length of upper surface of parietal, in median line...............-..--..-------- a 40 38 
Distance of posterior end of preserved surface of narial passage to anterior edge of | 

opening of, median: eustachian (canal':'i.- 2325- 2o2.4 sab iowncilece cos sae sce ane 12 16 


a Estimated. 


Mandible.—The parts preserved of the lower jaw consist of the left 
ramus almost entire, lacking only the coronoid and portions of the 
articular, and the anterior portion of the right ramus as far back as 
the alveolus for the eleventh tooth. 

The mandibular symphysis is short and composed of the splenial 
and dentary. In Leidyosuchus canadensis the splenial participation 
in the symphysis is about one-fifth of its total length, while in L. 
sternbergii it is somewhat less. In this particular, among American 
brevirostrate crocodiles, Leidyosuchus is approached by Crocodilus 
polyodon of the Wasatch and Bottosaurus from the Cretaceous of New 
Jersey, in the latter the splenial reaches the symphysis without con- 
tributing to it. 

On the dorsal border of the left ramus, alveoli for twenty-one teeth 
can be clearly distinguished. 


No. 1762. A NEW FOSSIL CROCODILE—GILMORE. 498 


By referring to the table of measurements it will be observed that 
the dimensions of the ramus of the specimen under consideration are 
almost identical with those of the holotype of L. canadensis. 

Viewed from the side the alveolar border is undulating, while the 
lower side from a point just posterior to the external mandibular 
foramen presents a nearly straight border to the upturn of its extrem- 
ity near the symphysial end. The external mandibular foramen is 
oe large a in outline has the form of an elongated ellipse. 
(See e. m. f., Pl. 25 

The an pedi tink foramen is relatively small, and in rela- 
tion to the large external foramen is located more posteriorly than in 
living crocodilians. The position of this foramen is well shown in 
Piso! Gm. 75): 

In the region of the eighth tooth the dentary is constricted, but 
anteriorly it widens both inward and outward, reaching its ie 
mum breadth in line with the fourth tooth, with a transverse diame- 
ter of 32 mm. Posterior to the constriction the alveolar border 
ascends rapidly to the position of the twelfth tooth. From this point 
posteriorly the upper border rises gradually with a gentle concave 
curve, thus adding considerably to the depth of the jaw. The maxi- 
mum depth of the ramus is just posterior to the external mandibular 
foramen, where it reaches 53 mm. 

The dentary articulates in the usual manner with the surangular 
above and the angular below. The upper posterior prolongation 
of the dentary, however, does not extend so far back over the external 
foramen as in living crocodiles. The anterior extension of the angular 
is received between the dentary and splenial, terminating under the 
alveolus for the nineteenth tooth. The external surfaces of both the 
angular and surangular, especially the former, are roughly sculptured 
(well shown in PI. 25). The irregular pitting of the upper half of the 
external surface of the angular is succeeded below by long, somewhat 
irregular grooves and ridges which conform to the curves a the lower 
margin of the jaw. The dentary along the whole of its outer and 
under surface is pitted by numerous vascular openings leading 
obliquely forward into the interior of the bone. These openings 
become more numerous anteriorly, and on the lower part the surface 
is roughened by numerous longitudinal grooves. 

The splenial covers the whole inside of the ramus back to the 
internal mandibular foramen. Just behind the symphysial union, 
the splenial is pierced by a small, longitudinally elongated foramen 
which leads into the meckelian groove. Lambe has shown @ that 
beneath this opening there is a small foramen in the dentary leading 
into the dental canal. Unlike the type of L. canadensis, the bony 


@ Trans. anya Soc. Canada, vol. 1, 1898, pp. 293-294, 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








divisions of the alveoli form distinct sockets for the teeth and fur- 
nish additional evidence of the mature age of this individual. 

The coronoid is missing. : 

The articular is somewhat damaged but the parts remaining show 
no unusual characters. 


Comparative measurements of rami. 





Holotype Holotype 
of Leidyo- | of Leidyo- 
suchus suchus 
sternbergii. canadensis. 





mm. mm 
Meng EhvOlvamus’s <2 ol acs.< cise ced we clos cicretale sole eae ee aise mee hd oetee eee Cee aaa 380 a 335 
Breadth of ramus through center of alveolus of fourth tooth............-...-.--- ale || 31 
Height of symphysis in line with alveolus of fourth tooth. ...............-.--.--- | 19 18 
Length ofisymiphysIs:: </s1erco6.sihi-/as Naini wis o= eet nt ee lsn mine eae eee cease | 56 a 57 
Length of spienial contribution:to'symphysis. . ...52.5.5.5.22-2.20 22 -se sence ee | dap 11.5 
Length.of pestsyaphysial foramen 9.< 3-5 5. F seo pes epic sce ce- == Sas eee eee | 6 7.5 
Height ‘of posts yamphystalforamen\ socio ss wane eases ye ele | 3 3H) 
Height of splenial behind postsymphysial foramen...........-.---.------------- | 16 16 
Breadth of dentary at alveolus for eighth tooth.................----.-.--------- 11 18 
Heighth of dentary in line with same alveolus. ...........--------------+--+----- 18 17.5 
Heighth of ramus at posterior end of external mandibular foramen......-....-.- 53 53 
Thickness of angular a little above lower border where last measurement was 

Taken. ress tense MES IT Te Se RS eR rt eta ce eee erst eet teat ea eiRi eRe aT 16 | 16 
Thickness of surangular at upper border where last measurement was taken. .-.. 7 8.5 
Length occupied by alveoli from fourth to eighteenth tooth............-. SSS 123. | 128 





a Estimated. 


Vertebre.—Of the vertebral column of this specimen there are pre- 
served the left neurapophysis of the atlas, four dorsal, two lumbar, 
and one sacral (second) vertebra. All of those present are of the 
procoelian type. 

The neurapophysis, when compared with the homologous part mm 
Crocodilus americanus, shows the anterior process to be a little longer 
and wider vertically, and the constriction above the articular end 
forming a somewhat deeper notch on the forward side. 

The dorsals show the typical cup and ball articulation. The centra 
have the sides concave antero-posteriorly, with the least transverse 
diameter toward the posterior end. In all of the dorsals preserved 
the inferior surface is evenly rounded. In this respect they differ 
from those of Leidyosuchus canadensis, which are described as being 
flat in this aspect. The centra increase in breadth below the neuro- 
central suture. The neural arches inclose the neural canal which is 
slightly higher than wide. The arches of these vertebre are firmly 
coossified with the centra, which furnishes additional evidence of the 
mature age of the individual. Two of the dorsal centra show shallow 
longitudinal depressions on the mid-lateral surfaces. None of the 
spinous processes are complete though the broken bases show them 
to have been broad antero-posteriorly. The transverse processes are 
given off well up on the sides of the arches.. The most anterior dorsal, 


NO. 1762. . A NEW FOSSIL CROCODILE—GILMORE. 495 








corresponding perhaps to the eighth in recent crocodiles, shows the 
same step-like facets with which the tubercula of the ribs articulate. 

As Lambe has pointed out, the anterior zygapophyses together with 
the bases of the transverse processes form an undulating platform of 
considerable extent. The more nearly horizontal position of these 
zygapophyses would appear to distinguish the vertebra from those of 
L. canadensis. 





Fic. 1.—LEIDYOSUCHUS STERNBERGII. @, FOURTH (?) LUMBAR VERTEBRA, SEEN FROM RIGHT SIDE; 
b, SECOND SACRAL VERTEBRA, SEEN FROM FRONT. BOTH FIGURES NATURAL SIZE. 


Measurements of dorsal vertebrx: of Leidyosuchus sternbergii. 














I) ats | | 

| 

| | | 

; mm. | mm. | mm. | mm. 
Greatest length of centra.....-5.22-2-22-s22 20-5250 eee Ee Se Sa 30 | 30) 33 | 34 
Greatest transverse diameter, anterior end..............-2-.-.---.----- | 19 20; 20 ! 20 
Greatest vertical diameter, anterior end..............-.222.....22...... 19 19| 18.5 19 
Greatest transverse diameter, posterior end...........-...-.-.....---.- ital 17} 19 20 
Greatest vertical diameter, posterior end...........-....-.-.--.--.----- 17 16 | 16 16 
Greatest antero-posterior extent of left transverse...........-.-.------- 19: |ecee gee I coe oxen, Seda eee eae 
Greatest length of left transverse from median line.................-.-- | ABs eee 5 ie vosecie | ics = Ea 


The two lumbar vertebre are probably the third and fourth of the 
series. Their centra differ from the dorsals in bemg more broadly 
rounded inferiorly and having their least transverse diameter nearer 
the middle. The neural canal is more nearly circular, and the 
transverse processes are narrower and spring from the sides of the 
arch at a lower level than in the dorsals, thus leaving the anterior 
zygapophyses standing out alone and well above them. The spmous 
processes rise above the middle of the centrum as a broad, thin plate 
with a truncated upper extremity (see a, fig. 1). 


496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. S ni@uaRtsh 





Measurements of lumbar vertebre of Leidyosuchus sternbergii. 


Third. | Fourth. 


Greatest length of centre c...02 bas cstee ces osseeeeeeoeee Bee Re eee A 30 30 
Greatest transverse diameter, anterior end's3,.2 5-2-5272 --.40-e eee eosin eee eee | 20.5 21 
Greatest vertical diameter, anterior end < 223 2222 ioe secs oe kiein toe eae ne een 18.5 18 
Greatest transverse diameter, posterior end............-.-----------------<- FADAE Nib 20 20 
Greatest vertical’ diameter, posterior ends. seston ee eis oo eine eo eteene 16.5 | 17 
Greatest antero-posterior extent of transverse... . 2. 2.2 52 es a ee en cee cen nese seen 13 | 9.5 
Greatest length of right transverse process from median line...............----------|---------- 37 
treatest width (antero-posteriorly ) spinous process near top..........--..----------|---------- | 20 
Greatest width between outer edges of prezygapophyses..........-.---..------------ | Sete eer | 35 








The concave, convex, articulating ends of the second sacral are 
much less pronounced than in the presacrals described above. The 
inferior surface is broad and only slightly rounded; the sacral ribs 
are heavy and firmly ankylosed with the whole side of the centrum 
and half way up on the neural arch. In size and general shape it 
agrees in all essentials with the sacral figured by Lambe,” except 
in this species the neural canal is circular instead of being elongated 
vertically as in Leidyosuchus canadensis. (See b, fig. 1.) 


Measurements of second sacral vertebra of Leidyosuchus sternbergii. 


mm. 
Greatest leneth of cemtrumisn..iu5:. 2b Ste: 2 eee heals gee ee eee eee eee Zee 
Greatest transverse diameter; anterlor:end--=25-2..---.--4-- 2. tee eee eee 16 
Greatest transverse:diameter, posterior ends... 22222. 2-82 ou oe eee eerie 17 
Greatest transverse diameter from middle of centrum to end of sacral rib... -..-- 41 
Greatest width between outer edges of postzygapophyses.............--------- 23 


Limb and foot bones.—The few bones of the limbs found with the 
type skull show that the proportional lengths of the fore and hind 
limbs in Leidyosuchus are approximately the same as in modern 
crocodiles, although the humeri, when compared with those of a 
specimen of Crocodilus americanus of the same size, are relatively 
more slender. . 

The general characteristics of these bones are well shown in fig. 2 
and their principal dimensions are given in the table of measure- 
ments below. 


Measurement of limb and foot bones of Leidyosuchus sternbergii. 


mm. 
Greatest length of right himerus::~-c2. 22 2c eee ee eee ee eee ee eee 164 
Greatest: width. of proximalend of htmertis® 222s! 80. 3 Soe seen ree eee ee 34 
Greatest lenoth of fibulat..< Jy SE ee ee eee ee 140 
Greatest width of proximal end of fibulas. 2. 22)-< oc acm see te eee eee 27 
Greatest width. of-distal end’ of fibula: .c: S.2...c8 ~ oe eeie ee ee eee 25 
Greatest lenoth of metatarsal: - o 30.2.2 becca ate ei es meee renee 84 
Greatest width of proximal:end of metatarsallt 322-2 ace cee sen mele meee tie openers 20 
Greatest width of distal end-of metatarsaliis.e. 2.2 sees e <2 ee ee 10 





« See Trans. Royal Soc. of Canada, vol. 1, art. 16, pl. 4, fig. 13, 1908. 


NO. 1762. A NEW FOSSIL CROCODILE—GILMORE. 497 


Scutes.—There were no scutes found with the holotype of L. stern- 
bergvi, but in a small collection of fossils made by Mr. A. L. Beekly 
from the Ceratops Beds (or their equivalent) on the Standing Rock 
Indian Reservation, of South Dakota, were two dermal scutes 
(Cat. No. 6545, U.S.N.M.) of a crocodilian, which correspond closely 
in all respects to those figured by Lambe. These were associated with 
detached teeth which can not be distinguished from those of Leidyo- 
suchus, and the range of this genus is thus extended into South 
Dakota. These remains were associated with a typical Ceratops 





a b € d 


Fic. 2.—LEIDYOSUCHUS STERNBERGII. @, LEFT HUMERUS, VENTRAL VIEW; b, RIGHT 
HUMERUS, DORSAL VIEW; C, RIGHT FIBULA, LATERAL VIEW; d, SECOND METATAR- 
SAL OF LEFT HIND FOOT; ¢@, PROXIMAL HALF OF A METATARSAL. ALL FIGURES 
HALF NATURAL SIZE. 


Beds fauna, the following forms having been recognized. —Tricera- 
tops, Trachodon, Champsosaurus, Basilemys, and Lepidosteus. 


NOTES ON A CROCODILE FROM THE HELL CREEK BEDS OF MONTANA. 


Since the preceding pages were written a second specimen (Pls. 
28 and 29) belonging to this species from the vertebrate paleonto- 
logical collection of the American Museum of Natural History has 
been received. It bears the catalogue number 5898 and consists of 
the greater portion of the cranium, lacking only the lower part of the 
occiput, left quadrate, and posterior portions of the pterygoids. 
The skull was collected from the Hell Creek Beds, on Gilbert Creek, 

Proc. N.M.vol.388—10——32 


4985 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Dawson County, 135 miles northwest of Miles City, Montana, by 
Mr. Barnum Brown, through whose courtesy I am now permitted to 
describe it. 

The specimen is that of an adult individual of slightly larger size 
than the type of the species. Like the latter, however, nearly all the 
sutures of the facical portion of the skull are obliterated and we must 
await the discovery of other material before the relative relationships 
of these elements can be determined. 

Compared with the type of the species, it differs in the greater 
breadth of the muzzle, the larger size of the teeth, the flatness of the 
facical region without the upturn of the premaxillary part, and the 
uniform coarseness of the sculpturing of the superior aspect. At first 
I was inclined to believe the differences enumerated were sufficient to 
justify the establishment of a new species, but after a careful study 
of a series of recent crocodile and alligator crania, and noting the 
occurrence of essentially the same differences in skulls of indi- 
viduals collected from the same region, and undoubtedly belonging 
to the same species, there appeared no warrant for so doing. Such 
characters as have been mentioned can all be accounted for, in recent 
forms, by individual variation due in most part to differences in age, 
and it would appear reasonable to suppose these observations would 
also apply to the fossil members of this group. 

The dental formula of the cranium is the same as in the type—that 
is, five premaxillary and nineteen maxillary teeth. The ends of the 
premaxillary processes on the palate are more broadly rounded than 
in the type. 

The difference in the contour of the muzzles of the two skulls is 
apparently due to the difference in age of the two specimens, the 
latter, as shown by its larger size and complete obliteration of most 
of the sutures, being considered the more mature. 

In this individual the palatines are complete, though their line of 
union with the pterygoids can not be made out. Those parts of 
the pterygoids still attached to the posterior ends of the palatines 
(shown in Pl. 29) are most important as giving the shape and posi- 
tion of the posterior nares. This aperture in Leidyosuchus appears to 
have been wholly surrounded by the horizontal plate of the ptery- 
goids. In outline (see p. n. fig. 29) it may best be described as heart- 
shaped with the apex directed backward. -While it resembles the 
posterior nares in Diplocynodon as figured by Owen,* its position, as 
would be expected from their relative geological positions, is con- 
siderably more forward on the palate. Measured from a line drawn 
transversely across the back borders of the posterior palatine vacuities, 
the anterior border of the nares is 14 mm. posterior to it. 








@Monograph of the fossil Reptilia of the London Clay, pt. 2, 1850, pl. 7, fig. 2. 


No. 1762. A NEW FOSSIL CROCODILE—GILMORE. 499 


Though the evidence is not entirely conclusive, it would appear 
from the occurrence of an open median suture at the posterior border 
of the external nares, that the nasals did not reach the narial opening. 

That the skulls discussed in the preceding pages do not represent 
the largest individuals of this genus is shown by an incomplete mandi- 
ble (Cat. No. 984, American Museum of Natural History) whose total 
length from the tip to the broken end below the middle of the articular 
portion of the articular bone measures 403 mm. The same measure- 
ment taken from the left ramus of the type of L. sternbergii is 343 mm. 

The alveolar border of the dentary shows alveoli for twenty-one 
teeth as in the type of the species mentioned above. The sculpturing 
is somewhat coarser, but this is probably an age characteristic. The 
splenial, as in the other specimens, enters the symphysis, but the 
extent of its contribution can not be accurately determined. 

The ramus was collected by Mr. Barnum Brown near the top of the 
Hell Creek Beds, 350 feet above the Pierre, 16 miles north of Jordan @ 
and about 135 miles northwest of Miles City, Montana. 


Measurements of skulls of Leidyosuchus sternbergii. 








‘. 7 Cat. No. 
6533 U8, | 898 Am. 
Nie Nia | Mus. Nat. 
setae ee EOS 1, 
mm. mm. 
Length of skull on median lines <.. sctajcc6snciesasnceeciss secs ddaslteeasccosee sc ne 303 319 
ihenethrorskullinidront Of OrbitSac coos. ooscc es seas poss cee ut sor ects eceece octane 200 204 
Transverse diameter of skull, outer angles of quadrates..........-...-..-.-------- 184 216 
Transverse diameter of skull, front of orbits......................-0-------0--0-- 132 131 
Transverse diameter of snout across level of tenth tooth. .............---.-.---.-- 77 95 
Transverse diameter of snout across premaxillaries.........---.-.....----------- 58 | 72 
Least transverse diameter of snout at notch. .....-..-..-.--...---.----.2-+------- 50 | 63 
Longitudinal diameter, orbital opening.........-.....------ aie 55 | 58 





‘Travsverse:diameter, orbital opening. <2... 0.4202. 02 cece cese a scene ocee cess nse 38 37 


Genus LEIDYOSUCHUS. 


The genus Leidyosuchus was founded’ by Lambe upon crocodilian 
remains from the Judith River (Belly River) formation of Alberta, 
Canada. Lambe says: ‘The material from Red Deer River includes 
a left mandibular ramus, the posterior part of a cranium, portions 
of the skull, teeth, and a number of vertebra and scutes. Of these 
specimens the ramus of the lower jaw is selected as the type of the 
species; the other specimens, of which the back portion of the 
cranium may be regarded as the cotype, are associated with the 
type.” 











aThe geographical location of these specimens (Cat. Nos. 984 and 5898, American 
Museum of Natural History) is well shown on a small sketch map of the western half 
of Dawson County, Montana, published by B. Brown. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
vol. 23, 1907, fig. 1. 

b Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, vol. 1, 1908, pp. 219-235, pls. 1-5. 


500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


The chief generic distinction was found in the contribution of the 
splenial to the symphysis which was equal to one-fifth of the latter’s 
length. 

Leidyosuchus canadensis Lambe is the type-species of the genus. 

The characters displayed by the specimens considered in the pre- 
ceding pages, combined with those shown by the Judith River species, 
show that the genus Leidyosuchus may now be characterized as 
follows: Generic characters—Cranium short and of moderate breadth; 
palatal aspect of the premazxillae slightly lengthened, with posterror 
borders convex and indented medially by the anterior processes of the 
maxille. Nasals not (%) reaching nares. Frontals contributing to 
boundary of supratemporal fossa. Premazillary fissure and external 
nares both heart-shaped. Posterior nares wholly inclosed by pterygoids 
and placed about their middle. Mandibular symphysis short and 
contributed to by the splenial. Upper teeth more numerous than lower; 
first lower received into a pit and third and fourth into a notch in the 
cranium; third lower quite as large as fourth. Vertebra procoelian. A 
dorsal and ventral armour. 

Discussion.—A study of the specimens considered in the preceding 
pages confirms the conclusions of Lambe, that Leidyosuchus repre- 
sents a procoelian, brevirostrate form of Husuchia. 

A review of the characters of the skull shows that they combine 
those which have been attributed to the genus Crocodilus and the 
genus Alligator. The resemblances to the latter may be seen in the 
reception of the anterior teeth of the lower jaw in pits which do not 
perforate the dorsal surface of the premaxille; in the relative size 
and everted position of the orbits; and in apparently having the 
smaller lower teeth biting within the upper teeth. On the whole,. 
however, the characters displayed by the known specimens of 
Leidyosuchus places that genus nearer to the crocodiles than other- 
wise. 

Lambe has already called attention to the resemblance of the den- 
tition to that of Diplocynodon, and the discovery and study of more 
complete material than that to which he had access show other 
resemblances. The more important likenesses are the participation 
of the frontal in the boundary of the supratemporal fossa; and the 
exclusion (?) of the nasals from the anterior narial opening. 

The intermediate position of the posterior, nares is one of the inter- 
esting features of this genus, and entirely in accord ‘with its geological 
position. For instance, in the Triassic Belodon the posterior nares 
open in front of both palatines and pterygoids. In the Jurassic 
Teleosaurus the posterior nares are farther back and surrounded by 
the palatines. In the Cretaceous Leidyosuchus they lie still farther 
back, in the middle of the pterygoids. Finally, in the Tertiary forms 
the arrangement is approximately as found in living crocodiles. 





NO. 1762. A NEW FOSSIL CROCODILE—GILMORRE. 501 


In the matter of the splenial contributing to the symphysis, 
Leidyosuchus may be considered ancestral to such Wasatch forms as 
Crocodylus polyodon Cope and C. subulatus Cope. The relationship 
of these forms is still further indicated by their reference by Professor 
Cope to Diplocynodus © (Diplocynodon) on account of the presence in 
the upper mandible of two adjacent enlarged teeth. Later’, how- 
ever, both species were provisionally assigned to the genus Crocodylus 
by the same authority. 

In Leidyosuchus and the gigantic Deinosuchus recently described ¢ 
by Dr. W. J. Holland, we have in the Judith River beds the first au- 
thentic record of the appearance of procoelian crocodiles in the Cre- 
taceous of the Rocky Mountain region. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE 23. 


Skull of Leidyosuchus sternbergu. Cat. No. 6533, U.S.N.M. One-half natural size. 
Seen from above. 

e. na., external nares; ex. occ., exoccipital; fr., frontal; 7. ¢. /., infratemporal fossa; 
ju., jugal; /a., lachrymal; mz., maxillary; n., nasal; 0., orbit; oc. c., occipital con- 
dyle; pa., parietal; p. f., postfrontal; p. /r., prefrontal; pmw., premaxillary; pt., 
pterygoid; g., quadrate; q.ju., quadrato-jugal; s. ¢. f., supratemporal-fossa; sq., 
squamosal, 


PLATE 24. 


Skull of Leidyosuchus sternbergii. Cat. No. 6533, U.S.N.M. One-half natural size. 
Seen from below. 

a. p.v., anterior palatine vacuity; 6. occ., basioccipital; b.s., basisphenoid; m. e.c., 
median eustachian canal; mx., maxillary; oc. c., occipital condyle; p., palatine; pmz., 
premaxillary; p. na., posterior nares; p. p. v., posterior palatine vacuity; pt., ptery- 
goid; q., quadrate; q. ju., quadrato-jugal; ¢. p., transpalatine. 


PLATE 25. 


Skull and jaws of Leidyosuchus sternbergii. Cat. No. 6533, U.S.N.M. One-half 
natural size. Lateral view. 
ang., angular; d., dentary; e. m. f., external mandibular foramen; ju., jugal; mz., 
maxillary; pmx., premaxillary; g., quadrate; q. ju., quadrato-jugal; s. ang., suran- 
gular; sq., squamosal. 
PLaTE 26. 


Skull of Letdyosuchus sternbergii. Cat. No. 6533, U.S.N.M. Natural size. Posterior 
view. 

b. occ., basioccipital; b. s., basisphenoid; c. a., foramen for carotic artery; ex. occ., 
exoccipital; /. m., foramen magnum; m. e. c., median eustachian canal; oc. ¢., oecip- 
ital condyle; pt., pterygoid qg., quadrate; vu, x, xu, foramina for cranial nerves, 


4 Sixth Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. for 1872, 1873, pp. 613-614. 
b Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 3, 1884, p. 154, pl. 31, figs. 18-23. 
¢ Annals of the Carnegie Museum, vol. 6, 1909, pp. 281-294. 


502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. 38. 


PLATE 27. 


Lower jaw of Leidyosuchus sternbergii. Cat. No. 6533, U.S.N.M. One-half natural 
size. Superior view. 

ang., angular; art., articular; d., dentary; /., postsymphysial foramen; 7. m.f., inter- 
nal mandibular foramen; s., splenial; s. ang., surangular. 


PLATE 28. 


Skull of Leidyosuchus sternbergui. Cat. No. 5898, Amer. Mus. of Nat. History. One- 
half natural size. Seen from above. 


PuateE 29. 


Skull of Leidyosuchus slernbergii. Cat. No. 5898, Amer. Mus. of Nat. History. One- 
half natural size. Seen from below. 

a. p. v., anterior palatine vacuity; ma., maxillary; g., quadrate; p., palatine: 
pmx., premaxillary; p.., posterior nares; pt., pterygoid. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 23 





SKULL OF LEIDYOSUCHUS STERNBERGII. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 501, 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 24 





SKULL OF LEIDYOSUCHUS STERNBERGII. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 501. 





38 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 


U, S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


"LOG 39vd 33S 3LV1d JO NOILWN¥1dx3 HOY 


‘NOYSENYALS SNHONSOAGIA] JO 


SMV GNV 11NXS 








26 


PE: 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


U. S. 


“LOG 39Vd 33S J1V1d 4O NOILWNY1dx2 YO4 


MSYSENYALS SNHONSOAGIF] JO 11NHS 








U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 27 





LOWER JAW OF LEIDYOSUCHUS STERNBERGII. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 502. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS. VOL. 38 PL. 28 





SKULL OF LEIDYOSUCHUS STERNBERGI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 502. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 29 





SKULL OF LEIDYOSUCHUS STERNBERGII. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 502. 





REPORT ON THE FISHES COLLECTED BY MR. OWEN 
BRYANT ON A TRIP TO LABRADOR IN THE SUMMER OF 
1908. 


By Witit1AM CONVERSE KENDALL, 


Assistant, U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, Washington. 


During the summer of 1908 Mr. Owen Bryant made very extensive 
collections of marine animals along the coasts of Labrador and New- 
foundland. Most of the specimens brought back were of invertebrate 
types, but included among them were a few fishes. These were 
turned over to Mr. Austin H. Clark for study and report; he was 
unable, however, in connection with his other work, to devote the 
necessary time to them, and he therefore requested me to examine 
them and to draw up an annotated list of the species represented. 

The collection consists of only fourteen species, of which seven are 
young and larval forms taken in a tow net and dredge. Satisfactory 
identification of some of these young individuals is difficult, but, 
although the identifications of these are not absolutely positive, it is 
hoped that they are correct. 

Of the fourteen species taken on the trip twelve are from Labrador, 
one from Newfoundland, and one from St. Pierre. Two of the species 
collected have not previously been definitely recorded from Labrador, 
which shows the desirability of collections, however small, from that 
region. 

1. (?) SALVELINUS STAGNALIS (Fabricius). 

Through the kindness of Mr. J.T. Nichols the writer was privileged 
to examine six “‘sea trout”? sent to him by Mr. Bryant. The fish had 
been split and salted, but were otherwise in fairly good condition and 
showed the colors very well. Regarding these fish Mr. Bryant wrote 
in a letter dated December 26, 1908: 

Trout caught at Komaktorvik Bay, Labrador, in salt water, September, 1908, called 
“sea trout.” There were just a few in places; you could almost walk across the rivers 
on them without wetting your feet, or, to be more exact, they were only about one or 
two feet apart all over the shoal places. Ford used to take a netand get enough out 
of a river to last him through the winter for dog food. 

These specimens made it very evident that there exists, in Labrador 
at least, a ‘‘sea trout’’ very different from the sea-run form of the 
brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). 





PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 38—No. 1763. 
503 


504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor. 38. 


While they differ in some minor details, they are specifically iden- 
tical with specimens in the U. S. National Museum from Greenland, 
and also with specimens collected by Mr. L. M. Turner in the Ungava 
Bay region. 

Storer’s brief description of Salmo immaculatus is explicit enough 
to indicate that it is this same species and not the sea-run brook trout 
(S. fontinalis). For the purpose of comparison the Boston Society of 
Natural History very kindly loaned the writer specimens of Salmonidee 
collected in Greenland by the Williams College Expedition in 1860, 
and in Labrador by Prof. A. S. Packard in 1864. Unfortunately, the 
type of Salmo immaculatus could not be found; but the specimens 
received supported the identification. Regarding some of them Pack- 
ard wrote :@ 





Salmo immaculatus H. R. Storer. Three specimens from near Hopedale were col- 
lected July 29th. These specimens are unquestionably referable to the S.immaculatus 
of Storer and are distinct from the S. trutta of Europe, with which species Perley and 
others have confounded them. They differ from S. trutta by having larger scales and 
being without spots, as their name indicates (Putnam). 

Putnam was undoubtedly familiar with the type of S. immaculatus. 

In the Packard collection were also two specimens concerning 
which he wrote:¢ 

Salmo sp.? Two specimens from the Island of Ponds, near Domino Harbor, col- 
lected in July. This species, which, from its rather imperfect condition, I have not 
been able to recognize, appears to be closely allied to the S. trwtta of Europe, being 
spotted as in that species, but of somewhat different shape, especially about the head. 
There are also specimens from Greenland belonging to this species in the collection of 
this society, collected by the Williams College Expedition to Greenland and Labrador 
in 1860. 

These specimens were undoubtedly correctly identified with the 
Greenland specimens with which the present writer compared them, 
but Putnam was mistaken regarding the spots. Salmo trutta has dark 
spots, and the spots of this form are light, pink or red. However, no 
spots are visible at this time on the specimens under discussion. — It is 
not stated whether these specimens were taken in the sea, brackish or 
fresh water, but one of them to a greater extent than the other resem- 
bles a trout of the S. alpinus group from fresh water. There are cer- 
tain differences in measurements between these and the Greenland 
specimens mentioned, but apparently they can mostly be accounted 
for by the differences in the sizes of the individuals. 

In the description of Salmo immaculatus Storer gave the diagnostic 
points of difference between that species and S. fontinalis, and, 
although they have been ignored, there are good and strong specific 
differences. These are: ‘‘ Preopercle larger than in S. fontinalis,” 
‘‘seales larger than those of S. fontinalis,”’ ‘‘caudal deeply forked.” 





“The Labrador Coast, p. 400. 


NO. 1763. SOME FISHES FROM LABRADOR—NENDALL. 505 


Suckley@ severely criticised Storer for describing what he (Suckley) 
was strongly inclined to consider a young fish: 

The naming of Salmonide, and the description of new species, based upon the char- 
acters of young, partially developed fish, can not be too strongly reprobated. There 
is already too much confusion in the synonymy of the various kinds; and if the prac- 
tice of describing and naming new species from the characters of unidentified, imma- 
ture individuals is not stopped the study of the relations of the species will become 
so complicated that useful classification will be next to impossible and the principal 
object and usefulness of scientific arrangement, such as simplifies the study of natural 
history in other branches, will be greatly impaired. 

The length of Storer’s single specimen was 134 inches. It was 
taken at Red Bay, Labrador. 

Yet Suckley® himself described Salmo hudsonicus from a specimen 
161 inches long, from Hudson Bay, the diagnostic differences from 
S. fontinalis being ‘‘a smaller head, larger spots, and larger, more 
adherent scales.’”’ This, too, has been consigned by later ichthyolo- 
gists to the synonymy of S. fontinalis. 

There were six specimens sent by Mr. Bryant ranging in total length 
from 151 to 20 inches, which, aside from the different coloration, differ 
from S. fontinalis in a number of characters, particularly the deeply 
forked tail of the fish of these sizes, the somewhat larger scales (about 
200 in lengthwise series), and the more advanced position of the eye, 
the distance from the eye to the edge of the gill cover being compara- 
tively considerably greater. The vertebra are 65 in number. 

The color of the different individuals varied somewhat, but all were 
essentially alike. A fish 15} inches long showed the following color- 
ation: Back steel gray with metallic reflections; head similar on top, 
silvery on side; lower jaw and branchiostegals white; sides silvery; 
belly white; numerous small pink spots on back and sides above the 
lateral line, each occupying from four to six scales; on the silvery por- 
tion of the side and below lateral line, and posteriorly a little above 
lateral line, large pink spots, half diameter of eye; dorsal adipose and 
caudal plain steel gray; pectoral, ventral, and anal white; pectoral 
dusky and yellowish behind, ventral pinkish; no spots on head or 
caudal. 

The gills had been removed from these fish, but the number in the 
same species above mentioned from Labrador and Greenland ranged 
innumber from 22 to 26, that is: 8+14 to 10+16. The specimen 
having 8+14, however, had 9+15 or 24 on the right side, and the 
specimen having 10+ 16 or 26 on the right side had 9+15 or 25 on 
the left side. The specimen from Hopedale identified by Putnam as 
Salmo vimmaculatus had 10+ 15 or 25 on each side. 








a4 Suckley, On the North American Species of Salmon and Trout, Report U.S. 
Fish Comm. for 1872 and 1873 (1874), p. 113. 

» Suckley, Notices of Certain New Species of North American Salmonidee. ‘‘N.Y., 
June, 1861,’’ and Report U.S. Fish Comm. for 1872 and 1873 (1874), p. 119. 


506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


Salvelinus fontinalis from the same region had 18 as the maximum 
number of gill-rakers, usually 7 +11. 

The accompanying Plate (80) was reproduced from a photograph 
taken by Mr. Thomas E. B. Pope, of the Bureau of Fisheries, from 
one of the Bryant specimens, 15+ inches long, above described. 

It would not be surprising to find that the range of this form 
extended farther westward along the Quebee shores and southward 
along the Newfoundland coast. If such be the case it would account 
for the decidedly antagonistic views regarding the identity of the 
‘“‘sea trout’ of Canada, which have for so many years been a matter of 
serious discussion in sportsmen’s journals and elsewhere, both by 
anglers and by ichthyologists. Many, especially anglers, maintain 
that the Canadian ‘‘sea trout” is a distinet species. Others claim 
that it is but a ‘‘sea-run”’ form of the common brook trout (Sal- 
velinus fontinalis). The discussion has appeared at irregular periods 
in Forest and Stream, but never has been definitely settled. How- 
ever, about 1905 the arguments were brought to a close appar- 
ently in favor of the brook-trout advocates. During the later discus- 
sions the fact that it had been pointed out that there were at least two 
species of ‘‘sea trout’? was lost sight of. In Forest and Stream @ an 
article by Tarleton H. Bean on Salmon and Trout in North America, 
specifies the ‘‘sea trout” as Salvelinus stagnalis, and under the heading 
‘Brook Trout”’ states that it ‘‘has a reputation for sea going.’’ Again 
in the next volume ° ‘‘T. H. B.” [Tarleton H. Bean] writes: 

It is well known that the American brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) leaves certain 
fresh-water streams for a portion of the year and goes to sea. This is true in regions 
where it is not cut off from access to the ocean by intervening areas of lowland trav- 
ersed by streams of high temperature. The sea-going habit is more pronounced as 
we approach the northern limit of trout distribution. We think there is still some 
doubt as to the proper application of the name “‘sea trout”? in Canada. The fontinalis 
certainly may be included under this title, but we believe that another and larger 
species, which is better entitled to the name ‘“‘sea trout,’’ occurs in Canadian waters. 
We refer to the great sea trout of Labrador, Salvelinus stagnalis. This splendid fish 
grows very large, much larger than fontinalis, attaining the proportions and shape of 
the Atlantic salmon. It is well known to anglers and fishermen, and the fishing for 
it is prosecuted extensively in the sea. This species, according to Mr. L. M. Turner, 
spawns only in large streams and does not penetrate far inland. 

On the Pacific slope the Dolly Varden becomes a sea trout, especially in Alaska, 
where it is known commercially under the name of salmon trout. This handsome 
species is found in the bays during a large portion of the year. Some individuals 
exceed two feet in length. When taken from the salt water they are brilliant silvery, 
with scarcely a trace of red spots, but exposure to the sun or immersion in fresh water 
will soon cause the spots to appear. 

We have thus far spoken only of trout belonging to the genus Salvelinus, and we 
have made no mention of some species which occur only in the high northern regions 


a Vol. 32, April 4, 1889, Supplement, pp. 219-222. 
b Vol. 33, November 7, 1889, p. 312. 


xo. 1763. SOME FISHES PROM LABRADOR—KENDALL. 507 


of our country. It may not be amiss to remark, in addition, that several species of 
Salmo, or large river trout, also have the sea-going habit well developed. These 
include the brown trout, the rainbow, steelhead, and redthroat. 


Subsequent disputants, however, ignored or were ignorant of this 
plausible suggestion and continued to enunciate their views and 
denounce their opponents in the arguments. But that two different 
fish were under discussion can not be doubted. 

To the present writer it seems doubtful whether the name Salvelinus 
stagnalis can properly be given to this species. It is a name bestowed 
by Fabricius? upon a small trout which inhabited the remoter moun- 
tain waters of Greenland from which, it was said, it never descended 
to the sea (‘Habitat in aquis montanis remotioribus, inde numquam 
descendens.’’). 

If other small salmonids of the fresh waters of Greenland can be 
regarded as distinct species or subspecies (S. arcturus and S. naresi) 
there is nothing to indicate that S. stagnalis is not one of these. 

Our fish is undoubtedly the same form that was described by 
‘abricius® under the name of Salmo carpio, by mistake. 

Dressel, regarding a fish which he identified as Salvelinus stagnalis, 
Says: 

Although it is doubtful whether the species is the Salmo stagnalis of Fabricius, yet 
it agrees partly with the description and very closely with Doctor Richardson’s 
description of Salmo alipes, which is probably identical with S. stagnalis. It differs 
from S. carpio Fabricius in being more elongate and in the absence of the black quad- 
rate spots mentioned in his description. 


The ‘‘more elongate form’? counts for nothing, since individuals 
rary in this respect, and Dressel attaches too much importance to 
the absence of ‘‘black quadrate spots’? mentioned by Fabricius. 
Regarding this character, Fabricius says: ‘Scales with dusky mar- 
gins, and causing as it were quadrate spots, which, however, are not 
easily perceived.’ (Color dorsi obscure cerulescit, tinctura subviridi, 
squamarum marginibus tamen nigrantibus, et quasi maculas quadratas 
causantibus, que tamen non facile observantur). 

It is very likely a sea-run form of the fish that Fabricius designated 
as Salmo alpinus, which may be identical with one or more of Rich- 
ardson’s species, perhaps Salmo alipes, as suggested by Dressel and 
others. 

Storer’s name Salmo immaculatus is preoccupied and could not be 
used for it if it should, by chance, prove to be without a name. But 
this contingency is doubtful. 


a Fauna grenlandicus, 1780, p. 175. 
b Idem, p. 170. 
¢ Notes on some Greenland Fishes, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 7, 1884, p. 255 


508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL , MUSEUM, vou. 3 


2. MALLOTUS VILLOSUS (O. F. Miiller). 


CAPELIN. 


Two males, 6? and 74 inches long from Greely Harbor, August 8. 
One larva or fry 13 mm. in length was taken in Greely Harbor and 
Kee Harbor towings, August 8 to 10. 


3. GASTEROSTEUS CUVIERI Girard. 


STICKLEBACK. 


Eight young individuals 12 to 18 mm. in total length from Indian 
Harbor, August 12. Absolutely no lateral dermal plates visible under 
hand lens excepting in the largest three individuals which show 
traces of from three to five on each side. No information is given 
regarding whether these fish were taken in fresh, brackish, or salt 
water. The feeble armature suggests that the habitat was fresh 
water. 

4. ICELUS BICORNIS (Reinhardt). 

One specimen 29 mm. long from Komaktorvic Bay, north of Nak- 
vak, in 5 fathoms, rocky bottom, August 28 

This specimen seems to have a simple upper preopercular spine. 

Two specimens from 17 to 19 mm. in length respectively; the defi- 
nite locality not given; upper preopercular spine simple. The non- 
bifurcate upper preopercular spine may be due to the youthfulness 
of the individuals. 


5. MYOXOCEPHALUS SCORPIOIDES (Fabricius). 


ARCTIC SCULPIN. 


Six specimens of young 21 to 24 mm. long from Fog Island, Seldom- 
come-by Bay, Newfoundland, July 28. These specimens, like all 
very young of the genus, have four preopercular spines instead of three 
as in the adults; conspicuous nasal, supra-orbital and occipital 
spines, the latter in pairs or deeply bifid on each side in all but one 
individual in which it is simple. The dorsal formula is uniformly LX 
or X, 17, and the anal 14. 

The ground color is pale, the head dotted with brown on sides and 
black dots on top. Large stellate brown pigment dots along back to 
posterior end of dorsal fin; few on body in front of pectoral; from 
backward about one-third of length of soft dorsal these dots extend 
downward and backward to a point about one-third of the length of 
anal from its anterior end, thence posteriorly the body is thus pig- 
mented to a line from the posterior end of the second dorsal and the 
end of the anal. 

The caudal peduncle and all the fins are pale; peritoneum showing 
dark brown or black, through the abdominal wall at line of junction 
of abdomen and body. 


No. 1763. SOME FISHES FROM LABRADOR—KENDALL. 509 


6. MYOXOCEPHALUS GRCENLANDICUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 


GREENLAND SCULPIN. 


One specimen 94 inches long from 10 miles north of Nain, Labrador, 
August 20. Thesupraorbital and occipital spines have a short cirrus 
on the apex of each. 


7. GYMNOCANTHUS TRICUSPIS (Reinhardt). 


One specimen 7~ inches long from 10 miles northeast of Nain, 
August 20. 


8 CYCLOPTERUS LUMPUS Linnezus. 


LUMPFISH. 


One specimen, young, 14 mm. long from St. Pierre, October 1; 5 
fathoms; rocks and gravel. 


9. LIPARIS TRUNCATUS Reinhardt. 


Three specimens 40, 43, and 70 mm. long, respectively, from 
Komactorvic Bay, north of Nakvak, Labrador, in 5 fathoms; rocky 
bottom; August 28. 


10. LYCODES VAHLII Reinhardt. 


One specimen presumably of the young of this species was taken 
“Half-way from Cape Mugford to Hebron in 60 fathoms; mud and 
sand bottom, August 23.’ Total length, 79 mm.; head in that 
length, 4.64; depth, 8.77; pectoral, 8.772%; eye, 4.25 in head; snout, 
3.40; no scale evident. 


11, LYCODES RETICULATUS Reinhardt. 


One young specimen which seems to be of this species was taken 
from off Cape Harrison in 70 fathoms; ‘‘no bottom brought up;”’ 
August 13. Total length 65 mm.; head in that length 4.33; depth, 
7.22; pectoral, 9.5; eye, 4.5 in head; snout, 4.5. 

The coloration of this and the preceding specimen is very much 
the same, as appears to be the case with the young of most of the 
Lycodes, which makes them difficult of identification. 

This specimen seems to be identical with the form called Lycodes 
perspicillum by Kroyer. 

The writer has followed Smitt in Scandinavian fishes in consider- 
ing it the young of L. reticulatus. 


12. BOREOGADUS SAIDA (Lepechin). 


One specimen doubtfully the young of this species, 18 mm. long, 
from 30 miles southeast of Nain, August 15. 


510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





13. GADUS OGAC Richardson. 


One specimen about 11} inches long from 10 miles northeast of 
Nain, August 20. 

Head, 3.45; depth, 4.1; snout, 2.72; maxillary plus premaxillary, 
2.11; interorbital much wider than eye; barbel nearly equals eye; 
pectoral, 2.1; D. i13-14-115; A. i16-1116. An oblique white spot 
near posterior base of first dorsal; peritoneum brownish-black. 


14. HIPPOGLOSSUS HIPPOGLOSSUS Linnezus. 


HALIBUT. 


A larval flatfish only a few millimeters long (4 or 6) from north of 
Hebron, September 1, seemed to be a halibut from ‘the vertebral 
count, although this was uncertain; it was a large-mouthed form and 
could possibly have been some other species. The specimen was 
unfortunately lost before being definitely determined. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 30 


J. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


"90G 3DVd 33S 3LVI1d 4O NOILWNY1dx3 YOY 


"SIIVNOVLS SANITSAIVS 








A REVIEW OF THE VENOMOUS TOADFISHES. 


By Barton A. BEAN and ALFRED C. WEED, 
Of the Division of Fishes, U. S. National Museum. 


The venomous toadfishes, genera Thalassophryne and Thalassothia, 
are distinguished not alone from other members of the family Ba- 
trachoidide but from all other fishes, so far as known, by the posses- 
sion of spines which are perforated for the passage of a venom canal 
similar to that in the fang of a serpent. (See figs. 1-2.) It is prob- 
able that nearly all members of the family have the poison glands 
more or less well developed, but, so far as is known, in only the two 
genera mentioned are the spines perforated. Some other species 
have the spines more or less grooved. (See fig. 3.) The presence 
of poison glands and of specialized organs for introducing the secre- 
tion of these glands into the bodies of other animals is not at all 


=?) 





Fic. 1.—DoORSAL SPINE OF FIG. 2.—OPERCULAR SPINE OF FIG, 3.—OPERCULAR SPINE 
THALASSOPHRYNE DOWI. THALASSOPHRYNE DOWI. OF PORICHTHYS GREENEI, 
uncommon in fishes and is not confined to any one group or family; 
also it is not necessarily a characteristic of all members of any group 
where it may be found. 

The presence of venomous organs among fishes has been denied 
more or less strongly at times, but is now well proven in many cases 
and will doubtless be shown in many others as a result of careful 
study with proper apparatus and manipulation. It has been long 
known that the wounds caused by the spines of certain fishes pro- 
duced symptoms far more serious than could be accounted for by 
the mere mechanical laceration produced by the spines. In some 
of these cases later research has shown the presence of poison glands 
on or near the spines, while in the sting rays (Dasyatis) and other 
fishes no such structures have yet been found. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 38—No. 1764. £1 


512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 





The first record of the specialized venom apparatus of Thalasso- 
phryne was made in 1864 when Dr, Albert Giinther described and 
figured it.* His description has been copied many times by various 
authors. The best abstract of it is probably that given by Dr. 
Theodore N. Gill? in his paper on Life Histories of Toadfishes, ete. 

To this account we may add that in the specimen of Thalassophryne 
reticulata which we very carefully examined, and in which the skin 
over the point of the opercular spine had not been ruptured, the 
poison sac lay along the whole outer surface of the spine and not 
merely at its base. The sac is so placed that any pressure tending 
to cause the spine to pierce the skin would produce a corresponding 
pressure on the contents of the sac and cause the poison to flow into 
the wound with considerable force. In one specimen the pressure 
that exposed the point of the spine in a fish that had been in alcohol 
nearly thirty years caused the contents of the sae to be ejected to a 
distance of 2 or 3 feet. An unsuccessful attempt was made to test 
the poisonous properties of the contents of the sac. The failure 
may have been due to a reduction of the poisonous qualities by 
preservation or to failure to inject the hardened secretion into the 
wound, In 1865 a letter from Captain Dow to Doctor Giinther 
was read before the Zoological Society of London,’ in which he 
described the poison as producing fever similar to the effects of the 
sting of a scorpion. He adds that serious effects from the poison 
are very rarely known. 

For the purpose of this review we have brought together twenty- 
one specimens representing five species, including specimens which 
are evidently Steindachner’s cotypes of Thalassophryne punctata and 
T. nattereri. We can find no characters which will enable us to 
separate Thalassophryne maculosa Giinther from T. nattereri Stein- 
dachner, so have adopted the older name. This makes Thalassophryne 
maculosa a rather variable species, but the specimens at hand inter- 
grade so closely that we can not separate it at any point. It is 
possible, although not very probable, that the examination of a 
large number of specimens would still further reduce the number of 
species credited to the east coast of South America. We describe 
one new species, based on the possession of broad incisor teeth and 
very large eyes. The teeth are very different from those of any other 
species of Thalassophryne known to us, but resembling most closely 
those of Thalassophryne reticulata and being a great development 
of the tendency shown in the teeth of this species. 


@ Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 157, figs. 1 and 2. 

b> Life Histories of Toadfishes (Batrachoidids), compared with those of Weevers 
(Trachinids), and Stargazers (Uranoscopids). Theodore Gill, Smithsonian Miscel- 
laneous Collections (Quarterly Issue), vol. 48, pt. 4, pp. 388-427. Thalassophryne is 
mentioned and figured on pages 402 and 403, 

¢ Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 677. 


NO. 1764. THE VENOMOUS TOADIISHES—BEAN AND WEED. bilo 





The similarity in appearance between Vhalassophryne and Porich- 
thys is shown by the fact that one of the three specimens on which 
Thalassophryne dowt was founded proves to be Porichthys greenei. 

In our descriptions of species of Thalassophryne we have omitted 
the fish described by De Vis as Thalassophryne caca,” as it is clear 
from the evidence at hand that this is not a Thalassophryne, and it is 
not certain that it is closely related to that genus. De Vis does not 
state whether the dorsal spines are hollow or not, and it is not certain 
from his description that there is an opercular spine developed as a 
poison organ. He says ‘‘gill covers with five spines.”’ If this means 
that there are five opercular spines, the fish is very different from 
Thalassophryne and closely related to Opsanus, if, indeed, it does 
not belong to this genus. If, on the other hand, the statement 
quoted méans that the author was misled by appearances and con- 
sidered the branchiostegal rays as spines, the species is probably a 
Porichthys. The mere fact of the presence of two dorsal spines does 
not prove the relationship of the fish to Thalassophryne. The eye 
in many species of toadfishes is so small and the iris is colored so 
much like the rest of the fish that it might easily appear as “an oval 
spot of lighter colored skin”’ in a mounted specimen. 

In Thalassophryne the first ventral ray is simple and articulated, 
with the spines closely appressed to it at its base, while the second 
ray is divided to its base. 

It is quite remarkable that although many poisonous fishes have 
the spines grooved, only a single small group, confined, so far as 
known, to Tropical and South Temperate America, should have 
developed the apparatus more fully by roofing over the groove and 
rendering more certain the entrance of the poison into the wound. 

We are indebted to the following museums for the loan of material: 
Stanford University, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cornell Uni- 
versity, and Indiana University. 


KEY TO THE GENERA OF VENOMOUS TOADFISHES. 


a’. Opercular spines hollow for the passage of a venom canal; gill membrane narrow; 
teeth blunt conic or incisor, not canine. 

b!. Dorsal spines two, hollow. ........-....2-2---eeeeeceeececeeee Thalassophryne. 

b?. Dorsal spines four, the first two hollow................2.2.......... Thalassothia. 


Genus THALASSOPHRYNE Gunther. 


Thalassophryne GUNTHER, Cat. Fish Brit. Mus., vol. 3, p. 175 (1861); Proc. Zool. 
Soc. London, 1864, p. 150; Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 6, 1865, pp. 436- 
439, pl. 68. 

Thalassophryne MEEK and Haut, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, pp. 52-62. 

Thalassophryne JORDAN and EverRMANN, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 3, p. 2323 
(Nov. 26, 1898). 

@ Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 9, 1884, p. 546, 
Proc. N,M. yol,88—10 33 





514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 





Dexctor JonpAN and EveRMANN, Bull. 47, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 3, p. 2325 (Nov, 
26, 1898). 

Thalassophryne OattBy, Ann. Queensland Mus., no. 9, pt. 2, 1908, pp. 46 and 55. 

Dector OciLpy, Ann. Queensland Mus., no. 9, pt. 2, 1908, pp. 46 and 54. 

Dorsal spines two, perforated for the passage of a venom canal as 
in Thalassothia. 

Operculum developed as a slender spine, bollow like the dorsal 
spines. 

Teeth blunt conic; present on mandible, maxillary, vomer, and 
palatines. 

Gill membrane narrower than in Porichthys, reaching about to the 
end of the opercular spine. 

This genus differs from Thalassothia in the number of dorsal spines; 
in the first rays of the anal not being separated from the rest of the 
fin, and probably in the somewhat slenderer body. 

Thalassophryne differs from Porichthys in the dentition, in the 
character of the spines, and in the width of the gill membrane. 

The teeth of Thalassophryne resemble those of young specimens 
of Opsanus tau very closely and are very different from those of 
Porichthys. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THALASSOPHRYNE. 


a, Eye small, 8 to 12 in head, teeth conic, more or less flattened at tip. 
b!. Dorsal and anal fully joined to caudal. 


c!.) Dorsaliand ‘anal Jone*iabout:30'tays im eache. 223-2 ee a eee dowit. 
c2, Dorsal and anal shorter, about 20 rays in each...............-...-- amazonica. 


b?. Dorsal and anal not united to caudal, the fin membrane behind last rays reaching 
to base of outer caudal rays. 
d', Teeth conic, only slightly flattened at tip. 
el. Color dark brown with numerous spots of black the size of the eye and 


smaller. Teeth in a narrow patch across head of vomer.......-.- punctata, 

e?. Color brown, more or less marbled with darker but without conspicuous 
spots of black. Teeth in a single row across head of vomer..... maculosa, 

d?, Teeth broad, almost incisor, oval in front view with a long cutting edge; color 
dark grayish with a reticulation of grayish white lines............ reticulata, 


a?, Eyelarge, 5 to 6 in head, teeth broad incisors, cutting edge nearly straight .megalops. 


THALASSOPHRYNE DOWI Jordan and Gilbert. 


Thalassophryne dowi JORDAN and GitBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 10, 1887, 
p. 388. 

Dector® dowi JorDAN and EveRMANN, Bull. 47, U. 8. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, p. 2325, 
Nov. 26, 1898. 

Thalassophryne dowi GILBERT and Srarks, Mem. California Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 4, 
1904, p. 187. 


a We can find no characters except the slightly longer dorsal and anal fins, the 
somewhat more elongate body, and other differences in proportions which separate 
this species from the rest of the genus Thalassophryne. These characters taken alone 
are not worthy of generic or subgeneric rank. The main character on which the 
genus Dector was founded was the joining of the dorsal and anal fins to the caudal. 
This, taken in connection with the greater length of the dorsal and anal and the more 
elongate form, would probably constitute a valid genus, However, Thalassophryne 


no.1764. THE VENOMOUS TOADFISHES—BEAN AND WEED. D115 


Head 34. Depth 54. D.II-31. A.30. P.17. V.I,2. C. 14. 

Body comparatively elongate, compressed behind. Head low and 
rather narrow, its length 14 times its width. 

Eyes very small, about 14 in snout and 22 in interorbital space, 
11 in head. Interorbital width 43 in head. Opercular spine 34 to 
4 in head. Mouth oblique, the lower jaw much projecting. Maxil- 
lary 23 in head, reaching behind eye. Mandible 1% in head. Teeth 
moderate, largest on palatines, present on premaxillaries, mandible, 
vomer, and palatines. Teeth in a very narrow cardiform band, 
scarcely more than one row, on mandible and premaxillary; some- 
times plainly two rows on mandible. A single row across the head of 
the vomer and on the palatines. The teeth are all conic, slightly 
flattened at tip. In large specimens the two enlarged teeth on the 
head of the vomer are very much worn off and blunted by use. The 
teeth are somewhat longer than in others of the genus but do not 
form enlarged canines as in Porichthys. Pectoral fins obliquely 
rounded, 14 in head, reaching to about fifth anal ray. Caudal 
rounded. Last rays of dorsal and anal 
fully joined to caudal as in Thalassophryne 
amazonicd. 

Color in alcohol, dark gray, darkest at 
base of the dorsal fins, black on the spinous 
dorsal. Other specimens are reddish brown 
becoming black on the spinous dorsal and be- NSS 
low the base of the soft dorsal. This ground eee ae 
color in either case is extensively broken up ee 
by fine marblings and mottlings of white or pale gray and disap- 
pears entirely above the middle of the side in the brown specimens. 
In the gray specimens the body color is carried farther down on the 
side and ends much less abruptly than in those with the brown color. 
The top of the dorsal, the end of the caudal and a short band on the 
ends of the last anal rays is black. Below or in front of this is a 
band of white in the brown specimens or of pale gray in the gray 
ones. This covers all but the extreme base of the dorsal rays and 
about half the length of the upper caudal rays. On the lower caudal 
rays and the anal the white or light gray is continuous with the color 
of the body. Just below the base of the dorsal the color is interrupted 
by the white lateral line. 

We have examined and measured nine specimens of this species 
ranging from about 4.5 cm. to 15.6 em. in total length. The list 
is as follows: 








reticulata has only four or five fewer rays in dorsal and anal; Thalassophryne amazonica 
has a short dorsal and anal which are fully joined to the caudal, and a rather elongate 
form, and the teeth are the same in several other species of Thalassophryne, as in 
T. dowi. These considerations so reduce the value of the characters assigned to the 
genus Dector that we can not even accord it subgeneric rank, 


516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


No. 1555, Indiana University, Punta Arenas. Dredged. Coll. 
Dr. Wesley Newcomb. (Old number 923.) About 4.5 cm. long. 
This is one of the cotypes of Thalassophryne dowi.% 

No. 410, Leland Stanford Jr. University, Panama. Coll. Alba- 
tross. Two specimens, 6.5 em. long and 14.1 em. long. 

No. 39085, U. S. Nat. Mus., Punta Arenas, Costa Rica. Coll. Dr. 
Wesley Newcomb. One specimen, 9.7 cm. long. Type of Thalas- 
sophryne dow. 

No. 41232, U. S. Nat. Mus., station 2800, str. Albatross, 8° 51’ N., 
79° 31’ 30’ W., March 30, 1888; 7 fathoms; bottom green mud. 
Bay of Panama. Two specimens, 10.6 cm. and 12.5 em. long. 

No. 414380, U. S. Nat. Mus., station 2800, str. Albatross. One 
specimen, 13.1 cm. long. 

No. 6875, Leland Stanford Jr. University Museum, Panama. Coll. 
C. H. Gilbert. One specimen, 15.6 cm. long. This specimen was 
figured by D. 8S. Jordan in the plate which we copy from Proc. Cal. 
Acad. Sci. 1896, ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 231, pl. 38. 

No. 2100, Cornell University Museum, Panama. Coll. Dr. Wesley 
Newcomb. One specimen, 11.3 cm. long. 


a The first recorded specimen of Thalassophryne dowi was collected by Dr. C. H. 
Gilbert through the agency of Captain Dow and was given the manuscript name dowi 
in his honor. This specimen was destroyed in the Indiana University fire. Later 
Dr. B. G. Wilder sent Dr. D. S. Jordan three specimens, probably collected by Captain 
Dow for Doctor Newcomb. These specimens were: 

No. 1555, Corne 1 University Museum, from Panama. From Dr. Wesley Newcomb. 
Dredged. One specimen. 

No. 1556, Cornell University Museum, Punta Arenas, Costa Rica. Dredged. Two 
specimens. 

One specimen numbered 1556 was sent by Doctor Jordan to the U. 8S. National 
Museum as the type of the new species. One of the others was returned to Doctor 
Wilder as a cotype. This specimen has been examined by us and proves to be a 
Porichthys, probably greenei. The third specimen (numbered 1555?) can not be 
found unless the one sent us from the Indiana University is the same, in which 
case it should be recorded as Panama, Coll. Newcomb, instead of Punta Arenas, 
Coll. S. E. Meek. 

(In reply to our request for information as to whether he had collected fishes in 
Costa Rica as indicated on the original label sent with the Indiana University speci- 
men, we have the following letter from Doctor Meek: 

‘“When I went to Cornell University in 1885 I found there some fishes which I was 
sure were new. I sent them to Doctor Jordan and he wrote me it was a species he had 
described but type and description were burned in the fire at Indiana University 
in 1883. I sent him the data and he described the species. I did not collect the 
specimens and know no more about them. It is quite certain the fishes in question 
were collected by Doctor Newcomb at Punta Arenas, Costa Rica. 

“*(Signed) S. E. MEEK. 

‘“Cuicaao, Inu., May 9, 1910.’’) 

Doctor Wilder had a third specimen, No. 2100, which he did not send to Doctor 
Jordan, 


NO. 1764. THE VENOMOUS TOADFISHES—BEAN AND WEED. 517 


Measurements of nine specimens of Thalassophryne dowi. 


{If less than nine specimens were measured, the exact number is indicated in parentheses.] 

















Maximum. , Minimum. Average. 
| 
Potallength =. 62 2 265< sscscccsecs.- I? “Ube Otems (een. eee 11.7 em. (8) 
Spandardilength. 2225. fod. cee ese 13.6 em. 3.9 cm. 9.5em. 
Body: 
Deptbac a eects. se shack owe - 206 . 155 . 189 5.29 in standard length. 
WHACt eee ee et Se Pa ly ig - 141 . 158 6.33 in standard length. 
7 | sts « > 
Depth at ventrals.............- .172 - 149 - 161 E71 i oe length. 
Depth of caudal peduncle. ..--. | .068 | - 053 - 056 
Head: 
THOT erarsrerc atc eters oe. See celal - 316 . 264 . 286 3.50 in standard length. 
Witt heesse ere eee. oats . 240 . 192 . 221 4.52 in standard length. 
Interorbital width............. - O89 - 055 - 063 4.54 in head. 
PUNO UL Deere sete cate acre see cio obese - O41 . 027 . 032 8.93 in head. 
Wave Ye s {8.55 in standard length. 
Maxillary seu. Soeo ote cea .125 | .110 117 12.67 in head. § 

oo ana se 3 Se {6.37 in standard length. 
Mandible...............------- . 162 .143 £157 {183 tn head. 8 
OnD tae e enc Sees een tarats 0389 -O18 . 026 11.0 in head. 

Dorsal (spinous): 
Distance from snout.......---- . 280 . 248 . 262 3.82 in standard length. 
Length of base................- . 104 .071 - 095 3.01 in head. 
Height of first spine..--.......- - O91 - 063 - 078 3.67 in head. 
Height of second spine......... - 098 - O81 . 088 3.25 in head. 
Dorsal (soft): 
Distance from snout.........-. . 393 . 359 . 378 2.65 in standard length. 
Length of base................- . 641 . 607 . 622 1.61 in Standard length. 
Height of first ray.............. . 082 . 048 - 070 (8) 4.09 in head. 
Height of longest ray..-......-. -178 2115 . 139 (8) 2.06 in head. 
Height of last ray..............] .178 = 55 - O88 (8) 3.25 in head. 
Anal: 
Distance from snout.........-. 411 . 384 . 391 2.56 in standard length. 
Length of base................. - 616 . 589 . 609 1.64 in standard length. 
Height of first ray...........-.- _ .060 |  .037 - 048 (8) 5.96 in head, 
Height of longest ray........... | .095 | . 059 .077 (8) 3.71 in head. 
Height of last ray..............| - 063 . 044 . 057 (8) 5.02 in head. 
Caudal: | 
Length of middle rays......... . 161 | lon . 152 (8) 1.88 in head. 
Length of outer rays........... in l25 - O51 - 093 (4) 3.08 in head. 
Pectoral: 
Distance from snout...........)  .303 . 266 . 286 3.50 in standard length. 
enetherecss.deecne ee. ae .214 oLT7, . 193 5.18 in standard length. 
Ventral: 

: F | ; & 1.48 in head. 

Distance from snout........-. -| 194 -161 379 ee in standard length. 
| | ; 8.13 in standard length. 

Misr ghee tase ein a saree | .143 103 123 tot in Heed: 

Branchiostegals...................- | 6 6 6 

Onsale es eee ao ete arcs | II-33 II-29 II-31 

JX) 1) ee ene an ce | 33 29 30 

ORGS Seas oo eee oe ee, See | 16 13 14 

RCCUOP Al oie. ccccetnc ae cies acce occa | 18 16 17 (8) 

Wertralll: cacccccc ha ccce too sweotecwe i D2 eee? 12 





THALASSOPHRYNE AMAZONICA Steindachner. 


Thalassophryne amazonica STEINDACHNER, Sitzungsb. kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien., 
vol. 74, pt. 1, June-Dec., 1876, p. 161. 

Thalassophryne amazonica MreK and Hat, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, 
p. 54. 

Head 3%. D. II-20. A.18. P. 13-14. V. I, 2. 

Body rather elongate. Head rather narrow, 14 longer than wide. 
Eyes small. Snout less than interorbital width. Interorbital width 
twice eye. Opercular spine long and slender. Mouth oblique, the 
lower jaw prominent. Teeth conic, more or less blunt, smallest in 


518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


premaxtllary and largest on vomer. The teeth are uniserial, except 
near the symphysis of the mandible, where they are in two rows. 
Pectoral long and pointed, reaching third or fourth anal ray. Last 
rays of dorsal and anal fully joined to the caudal as in Thalassophryne 
dowi. 

Color bright brown with spots and marblings of darker. Two 
faint dark cross bands on head. Five (or six?) dark cross bands on 
body; the first covering the spinous dorsal, the other four (or five ?) 
along the soft dorsal. The dark brown spots form irregular rows 
on the dorsal, anal and pectoral fins. 

We have not been able to examine any specimens of this species 
and know it only from Steindachner’s original description which was 
apparently based on three or more specimens. 


THALASSOPHRYNE PUNCTATA Steindachner. 


Thalassophryne punctata STEINDACHNER, Sitzungsb. kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien., 
vol. 74, pt. 1, June—Dec., 1876, p. 169. 
Thalassophryne punctata Meex and Haut, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, 
p. 54. 
Head 23 to 24. Depth 3? to 4. D. II-20 to 21. A.19. P. 15. 
Veal 2s, Ox 14 too: 
Body short and thick, compressed behind. Head low and broad, 
the length and width about equal. Eyes very small, 14 to 14 in 
snout and 2} to 24 in interorbital width, 11 to 
12 in head. Interorbital width 5 in head (4 
i according to Steindachner). Opercular spine 
. 5s about 8 in head. Mouth nearly vertical, the 
Bi LGR sue ee lower jaw much projecting. Maxillary 2 to 24 
LASsOPHRYNE puncrata., 1M head, reaching behind eye. Mandible 14 in 
X J6 pramerers. Fist, head. Teeth small, conic, with the tips slightly 
flattened; in two rows near symphysis of man- 
dible, in a very narrow band on premaxillary, in a narrow patch 
across head of vomer, elsewhere uniserial. Pectoral fins obliquely 
rounded, reaching to about fifth or sixth anal ray, 14 to 14 in 
head. Caudal strongly rounded. The fin membrane behind the 
last dorsal and anal rays just reaches the base of the caudal rays. 
Color in aleohol: Above brown, below dirty white, the fins all 
margined with dark brown, shading to the body color at the base of 
the fin, the anal, ventral and lower rays of the pectoral with small 
white tips. A very narrow yellowish tip to caudal. The upper 
surface of the body and all the fins, except the anal and ventrals, 
thickly covered with small round black spots, some of which are as 
large as the eye, the others smaller. 


NO. 1764. THE VENOMOUS TOADFISHES—BEAN AND WEED. 519 


We have examined two specimens of this species, as follows: 

No. 4632, Mus. Comp. Zodél., Porto Seguro, Brazil. Coll. Hartt 
and Copeland, Thayer Expedition. One specimen, 16.3 em. long. 
Cotype of Thalassophryne punctata. 

No. 12725, Mus. Comp. Zoél., Bahia, Brazil. Coll. C. F. Hartt, 
1867. One specimen, 15.2 em. long. 








Measurements of two specimens of Thalassophryne punctata. 





| San ES Bote 
No. 12725, Mus. Comp. Zool. No. 4682, eo Z001. 
Motallength id -s2. sc ses aces ae Ses. LADO aeeee see eeeree eee een 16.3 em. 
Standard length. -....200. 252-2... Wg Te Cie ee eee eer ees rae 13.1 cm. 
Body: ; 
Depth..... PO RA 8.5 Scat .244 4.10 in standard length... .. _ 267 3.75 in standard length. 
VG Cine Se Salt 244 4.10 in standard length... .. .267 3.75 in standard length. 
Depth at ventral fins.......... -A8S9 5.29 in standard SSE arbre -198 5.05 in standard length. 
Depth of caudal peduncle. .... .O87 4.07 in head... ------.----| 099 3.67 in head. 
Head: 
eneth. 5.2/2. a0 aSeseesieseses .354 2.82 in standard length... -. | 366 2.73 in standard length. 
Wid tht Seemas) ae Fes Le ees .346 2.89 in standard length... .. | .359 2. 7 )in standard length. 
Interorbital width.............| .071 5.00 in head...............-. 076 4.8 in head. 
Length of snout.....:..:...... 043" (8:24in hedd 22220. 22<-255 .042 8.72 in head. 
Length of maxillary........... .157 6.33 in standard length... -. | .175 5.71 in standard length. 
2.26 in head. 2.09 in head. 
Length of mandible. ........-.. .236 4.24 in standard length... -. -244 4.10 in standard length. 
1.50 in head. 1.50 in head. 
Diameter of orbit............-. .029 12.2 in head. .034 10.8 in head. 
Dorsal (spinous): , 
Distance from snout...........| .354 2.82 in standard length... -. | .305 3.28 in standard length. 
Length of base... ...-...2< 2:2: 079 4.48 in head................ -122 3.00 in head. 
Height at first spine.......... 1063" 5:63 Im head's 2.52: .220.2-.-% F .076 4.82 in head. 





Height at second spine........ 079 4.48 in head............---. -076 4.82 in head. 

Dorsal (soft): | 
Distance from snout. ....-.--.| .449 2.23 in standard length. .... .458 2.18 in standard length. 
Length of base................ .551 1.81 in standard length. ..-. -042 A 85 in standard length. 
Height at first ray.4........-. LES. 3001 heads .222 22.05 2cee8 -130 2.82 in head. 
Height at longest ray ee eke ae liga: M2. 4tin: NeaGe..c —. esse 2s -183 2.02 in head. 
Height at last ray............. 095° 3:/2\Im:nead). -....2562..22-2 2. 114 3.21 in head. 

Anal: 
Distance from snout. .......-. .519 1.93 in standard length. .._. 495 2.02. ~tandard length. 
Length of base................ -481 2.08 in standard length. .... .005 1.98 in standard length. 
Height at first ray............ Oflero- 00m head fe 4.282.225 54. .069 5.30 in head. 
Height at longest ray......... 142 2.50in head................ 130 2.82 in head. 
Height at last ray............. .087 4.07 in head..............-. | .099 3.67 in head. 

Caudal: | 
Length of middle rays. - --- os} whOR. 1-80 heads 6. lo. cnc -244 2.00 in head. 
Length of outer rays.......... 126, 2:80 In: head's. 222222.2022.28 | .092 3.98 in head. 

Pectoral: 
Distance from snout. ...-...-- .370 2.70 in standard length. .... 382 2.62 in standard length. 
One UNSs case 28s ctae eee: | .268 3.73 in standard length... .. -244 4.10 in standard length. 

1.3 in head. 1.5 in head. 

Ventral: 
Distance from snout. ......... | .228 4.39 in standard length. .... .239 4.18 in standard length. 
TESTI Cts ata soe cane nn ela: | 165 6.06 in standard length... .. -191 5.24 in standard length. 

2.54 in head. 1. 92 in head. 
IBTANGMIOStePalS. soe sescsee os asess.0|t On cmmcs ccc ciese te lene seared anos 6. 
OF Ge Beco ea yeep aa | Ti Deere arcs ee Re eee ee TI-20 

PSNI tee cok or toc eee |G: Spee es 8 sind See a1 Vee 19. 

Caudal Bo a Ae ees sl Ue ae Pawo oc ee ein ee 15. 

RCCTOMA tit saa to anes sie | 1 ee ee ene aS a 15. 

Ventral............:... seat aMa a oe T-2 i 





THALASSOPHRYNE MACULOSA Giinther. 


Thalassophryne maculosa GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, p. 175, 1861. 

Thalassophryne maculosa GUNTHER, Trans. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 6, 1865, p. 
436, pl. 68. 

Thalassophryne nattereri SvEINDACHNER, Sitzungsb. kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien., vol. 
74, pt. 1, June—Dec., 1876, p. 163. 

Thalassophryne maculosa and Thalassophryne nattereri Merk and Hawn, Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, pp. 53-54. 

Thalassophryne maculosa JORDAN and EverRMANN, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
3, p. 2324. 


520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


Head 23 to 3. Depth 34 to 4. D.II-20. A. 19. P. 14 to 16. 
V 2m iastoc5: 

Body short and thick, compressed behind. Head low, about as 
long as broad. Eyes very small, less than snout, about half inter- 
orbital width, 94 to 12 in head. Interorbital width 43 to 54 in 
head. Opercular spine about 3 in head. Mouth oblique, the lower 
jaw much projecting. Maxillary 24 to 24 in head, reaching behind 
eye. Mandible 14 to 13 in head. Teeth moderate, largest on 
palatines, in two rows on front of mandible, in a very narrow band 
on premaxillary, elsewhere uniserial. The teeth are rather bluntly 
conical and somewhat flattened at tip. Pectoral fins obliquely 
rounded, 14 to 12 in head, reaching about to sixth anal ray. Caudal 
rounded. The membrane from the last rays of dorsal and anal 
reaches to about the middle of the outer caudal rays in one specimen, 
to the base of these rays in others. 

Color in alcohol: Brownish above, becoming abruptly white below 
in the cotype of Thalassophryne nattereri. In this specimen, as in one 
other which we have examined, the fins are all 
margined with white, below which is a dark band 
which is darker than the color of the back. In 

the third specimen examined the dorsal lacks the 
ad et ed Ce white margin and the color is much darker, prac- 

LassopHRYNeE macutosa. tically as described for Thalassophryne maculosa. 

10 DIAMETERS? JtaeyA0 We can find no characters which will separate 

ia Thalassophryne maculosa Giinther and Thalasso- 
phryne nattererr Steindachner. In the original descriptions they are 
separated by the color and by the supposed fact that one had one 
more ray in dorsal and anal than the other. In our examination we 
find that the cotype of Thalassophryne nattereri has the fin count of 
Thalassophryne maculosa, while another specimen very similar to the 
cotype and one intermediate in coloration or nearer to Thalasso- 
phryne maculosa have the number of rays assigned to 7. natterert. 

We have examined three specimens of this species, as follows: 

No. 12726, Mus. Comp. Zoél., Para, Brazil. Coll. L. Agassiz, 
Thayer Expedition. One specimen 10.6 cm. long. Cotype of 
Thalassophryne nattereri. 

No. 12724, Mus. Comp. Zo6l., Curuca, Brazil, a small place on the 
coast just south of the mouth of the Amazons. Coll. L. Agassiz, 
Thayer Expedition. Two specimens, 13.7 em. long and 16 cm. long. 





No. 1764. 


THE VENOMOUS TOADFISHES—BRAN AND WHED. 521 


Measurements of three specimens of Thalassophryne maculosa. 














No. 12726, Mus. Comp. eros 
Zool. (cotype of Thal- No. Pei ee Comp. 
assophryne nattereri). oe 
Total length... < -s<.-..:: (ARO:GICMe Sassen: sSas.ac% 13.7: CM S222 cscs s'ssoeaes 
Standard length.......-.- PP SLOCMS 20 cceaedis ee dese VTC Mee ise cence eee 
Body: 
Wepthersencescscicess .282 3.55 in standard | .251 3.98 in standard 
| length. length. 
Wild Greve ste Sane = 259 3.86 in standard | .279 3.58 in standard 
length. length. 
Depth at ventral fins.) .212 4.72 in standard | .189 5.29 in standard 
length. length. 
Depth of caudal pe- | .094 4.12 in head....... .081 4.11 in head....... 
duncle. 
Head: 
When eth: a eece ees 22s .387 2.58 in standard | .333 3.0 in standard 
length. length. 
Width... eeeee some .341 2.93 in standard | .351 2.85 in standard 
length. length. 
Interorbital width....| .071 5.4 in head........) .063 5.3 in head........ 
Length of snout...... .047  8.24in head....... | 041 8.13 in head....... 
Length of maxillary..| .176 5.68 in standard .135 7.41 in standard 
length. | length. 
2.2 in head. 2.5 in head. 
Length of mandible ..) .235 4.26 in standard | .225 4.44 in standard 
length. length. 
1.6 in head. 1.5 in head. 
Diameter of orbit... .. .041 9.4 in head.......- 1027 12°3)in head.=....2 52 
Dorsal (spinous): 
Distance from snout..} .318 3.14 in standard | .270 3.71 in standard 
length. length. 
Length of base....... 129 3.00 in head....... 117 2.84in head....... 
Height at first spine. .| .094 4.12 in head....... .090 3.70 in head....... 
Height at second spine} .106 3.65 in head......- -L08 3.08 in head......- 
Dorsal (soft): 
Distance from snout..| .470 2.13 in standard | .459 2.18 in standard 
length. length. 
Length of base....... 530 1.89 in standard | .541 1.85 in standard 
length. length. 
Height at first ray....| .153 2.53 in head....... 135 2.46 in head....... 
Height at longest ray..| .176 2.20in head....... ASO 1.85 in head....... 
Height at last ray ....| .106 3.65 in head....... .099 3.33 in head......-. 
Anal: 
Distance from snout..| .494 2.02 in standard | .459 2.18 in standard 
length. length. 
Length of base....... 506 1.98 in standard | .541 1.85 in standard 
length. length. 
Height at first ray....| .082 4.72 in head....... 072 4.63 in head....... 
Height at longest ray.| .153 2.53 in head....... 135 2.46 in head....... 
Height at last ray ....| .094 4.12 in head....... .090. 3.70 in head....... 
Caudal: 
Length of middlerays.| .247 1.57 in head....... .234 1.44 im head....... 
Length of outer rays. .| .129 3.00 in head....... .045 7.40 in head......- 
Pectoral: 
Distance from snout..| .877 2.65 in standard |} .333 3.00 in standard 
length. length. 
LON EE s.< o1e5 e02.0:5 cicdee .282 3.55 in standard | .252 3.97 in standard 
length. length. 
1.4 in head. 1.3 in head. 
Ventral: 
Distance from snout..| .188 5.32 in standard | .189 5.29 in standard 
length. length. 
ISON SUM cere cre crewiet nets .200 5.00 in standard | .162 6.17 in standard 
length. length. 
1.94 in head. 2.03 in head. 
Branchiostegals.........- Gre oat cee eh cates cts Gis Se an oe cee a Soe mena he 
DOTS [eee Moe emcees & W200 s 8 ce oe a eee MeO pe the see winners aie 
PANNE Specie Ne 2 arsine oe yee 10 ees ee a sete LOM aR teat aera eae 
WAUGAN o.oo cme wecciciccis AI Ae 8 tien te artes ares © Lee earn 
E1220 10) 1: | eS ane Us... 2 eo ee oc se st Git Meee omen ee sect 
MONLTAl ce sesecesecic06 cc oe eco a.o ccd ciacree ae Die aes gee eee 


No. 12724, Mus. Comp. 


Zool. 

16.0em 

13.1em 

252 3.97 in standard 
length. 

275 3.64 in standard 
length. 

91 5.24 in standard 
length. 

.099 3.67 in head. 

.366 2.73 in standard 
length. 

.366 2.73 in standard 
length. 

.080 4.6 in head. 

-038 9.63 in head. 

160 6.25 in standard 
length. 
2.3 in head. 

-236 4.24 in standard 
length. 
1.5 in head. 

-031 11.8 in head. 

-298 3.36 in standard 
length. 

107 3.42 in head. 

-092 3.98 in head. 

.099 3.67 in head. 

412 2.43 in standard 
length. 

588 1.70 in standard 
length. 

107 3.42 in head. 

168 2.18 in head. 

.099 3.67 in head. 

495 2.02 in standard 
length. 

505 1.98 in standard 
length. 

.069 5.30 in head. 

.122 3.00 in head. 

.092 3.98 in head. 

-221 1.66 in head. 

.076 4.82 in head. 

390 2.56 in standard 
length. 

259 3.86 in standard 
length. 
1.4 in head. 

-244 4.10 in standard 
length. 

153 6.54 in standard 
length. 
2.39 in head. 

6. 

II-20 

19. 

14. 

Ui 

1,2 


529 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 











THALASSOPHRYNE RETICULATA Giinther. 


Thalassophryne reticulata GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, pp. 150 and 
155. 

Thalasso phryne reticulata GUNTHER, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 6, 1868, p. 437, 
pl. 68. 

Thalassophryne reticulata Meex and Hatz, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, 
pp. 54 and 55. 

Thalassophryne reticulata SAvTSCHENKO, Atlas des Poissons Vénéneux, 1886, p. 
39, pl. 10, fig. 1. 

Thalassophryne reticulata JORDAN and EveRMANN, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 3, p. 2325, November 26, 1898. 

Thalassophryne reticulata GILBERT and Starks, Mem. California Acad. Nat. Sci., 
vol. 6, 1904, p. 186. 

Heade3: Depth 5%. ° Ds TI-27% “As 2b nab i eV lie 2 alee 

Body moderately elongate, compressed behind. Head low, the 
width slightly less than the length, the difference about equal to 
length of orbit. Eyes small, a little less than snout and 1.7 in inter- 
orbital space, 83 in head. Interorbital width 5 in head. Opercular 
spine 3} to 5 in head. Mouth nearly verti- 
‘al, the lower jaw very prominent. Maxil- 
lary 24 in head, reaching behind eye. Man- 
dible 13 inhead. Teeth rather short, conic 
incisors, oval in front view, with a long cut- 
b ting edge extending nearly around the ex- 
Fic. 7.—Tootu or THaLasso. posed partof the tooth, uniserialin mandible, 

PHRYNE RETICULATA. X16p1AM- premaxXillary, vomer, and palatines, except 

en a ae that near the symphysis of the mandible 
and near the front of the premaxillary the teeth are crowded so as to 
appear in two very irregular rows or a narrow cardiform band. There 
are no teeth on the shaft of the vomer, the single row of teeth on that 
bone being a direct continuation of the row on the palatines. There is 
no indication of a tendency to form canines in fish of any size. Pec- 
toral fins obliquely rounded, 14 in head, reaching to about sixth or 
seventh anal ray (eighth in the smallest specimen). Caudal rounded 
except in the smallest specimen, where it has the upper and lower rays 
(one upper and one lower ray) much produced, the middle rays 1% 
in length of outer ones. The fin membrane behind the last dorsal and 
anal rays just reaches to the base of the caudal rays. 

Color in alcohol dark gray with a conspicuous reticulation of 
grayish white lines above, grayish white below. The spinous dorsal 
istblack. All the other fins are colored like the back and edged with 
white. Whole mandibular region colored like the back, but with 
finer reticulations. 

We have examined five specimens of this species, as follows: 

No. 6874, Leland Stanford, Jr., University Museum, Panama. 
Coll. C. H. Gilbert. Four specimens, 6.6 cm., 20.9 em., 24.2 em., and 
26.7 em. long. 

No. 50409, U. S. Nat. Mus., Panama. Coll. C. H. Gilbert. One 


specimen, 29.7 em. long. 





a 


Qn 
bo 
St) 


no.1764. THE VENOMOUS TOADFISHES—BEAN AND WEED. t 


Measurements of five specimens of Thalassophryne reticulata. 


| Maximum. |} Minimum. Average. 


| | 





MOvaMIeMobhi See nadess-on sec an ees cee |} 29.7em. 6.6em., 21.6cem. 
Standardileneth 226s s2.cececce ams oon | 24.8cm. §.5em. 18.0em. 
Body: | 
I eb lee ee seas oa ec ce Sac | - 198 . 164 . 185 5.41 in standard length. 
VNC Gee ens Sona e oeseeteree oe eek . 222 - 198 - 210 4.77 in standard length. 
Depth at ventral fins...........-. | - 169 157 . 165 6.06 in standard length. 
Depth of caudal peduncle. ....... - 073 «059 . O64 5.12 in head. 
Head: 
en gthy 2: We 3.2 dN. Sea karte cmap de | 331 . 323 -327 3.06 in standard length. 
IWi1OtHhE Site 32.0 cass c ce cee ects . 320 . 297 . 305 3.28 in standard length, 
Interorbital width..............- . 076 - 058 - 066 4.96 in head. 
SOU boa oe cece wile ctaioiw ative sa sieisia ots - 045 - 035 - O41 7.98 in head. 
Maxillary®c. stc.cnsccssccsccuscse - 153 - 144 - 148 6.76 in standard length. 
2.21 in head. 
Mandibles. sce. samc cctccimes ace . 202 - 192 . 197 5.08 in standard length. 
1.66 in head. 
ONDitieysses noses ee eon ee eco 055 - 028 - 038 8.61 in head. 
Dorsal (spinous): 
Distance from snout..... - Gre ays. . 296 . 255 .279 3.58 in standard length. 
henpthiof bases 2. .220.4226 ose - 116 - O81 . 102 3.21 in head. 
Height of first spine. ............- . 109 - 076 . 092 3.56 in head. 
Height of second spine........-... . 099 -072 . O86 3.80 in head. 
Dorsal (soft): 
Distance from snout.........-.-.-- . 442 - 382 - 421 2.37 in standard length. 
Length of base...........--.---.- -618 - 558 - 579 1.73 in standard length. 
Height of first ray......-.-.--..-- - 104 - O81 - 093 3.52 in head. 
Height of longest ray........-..--. . 182 . 129 - 147 2.22 in head. 
. selene Ollastiray ccs. sssccrtecc - 109 -079 - O94 3.48 in head. 
anal: 
Distance from snout.............. - 455 - 418 - 444 2.25 in standard length. 
Length of base. .-.....--<sssecee~ - 582 - 545 . 556 1.80 in standard length. 
Height of first ray.............--. - 091 - 049 - 061 5.37 in head. 
Height of longest ray........----- 127 - 099 . 112 2.92 in head. 
Height of last ray.........2....-- - O91 - 069 077 4.25 in head. 
Caudal: 
Length of middle rays.........-.-. -215 127 . 187 1.75 in head. 
Length of outer rays. .........--- | - 200 - 141 - 161 2.03 in head. 
Pectoral: 
Distance from snout...........-.. - 350 327 - 343 2.91 in standard length. 
Wen pine ess <acee ae. eect eee - 309 - 222 . 246 4.07 in standard length. 
1.33 in head. 
Ventral: 
Distance from snout...........-.- . 202 . 164 - 186 5.38 in standard length. 
ene theese see sooo eee eee - 200 -145 - 165 6.06 in standard length. 
1.98 in head. 
iBranchiostegals........s22--.s<cc0ssscc- 5 5 
OMA Soars Sasane oe enasinc tea ss 5s TI-27 TI-26 I-27 
PATA Societe cicinis 0is's5%s ewisidisis.s'ssGleters.cis aiz:0 25 25 25 
CAN Gale costes aceesenseecesceeessccee 12 10 12 
ROGLOVGb ee ciao esiaia, Saitek wae Sos 17 17 17 
WEIXUD A eran eee se ie Sos ee eine aia 152 T,2 2, 








THALASSOPHRYNE MEGALOPS Bean and Weed, new species. 


Head 2} to 22. Depth 34. D.II-180r19. A.17. P. 13 to 14. 
We 2: C..14, 

Body short and stout, compressed behind. Head low, its length 
slightly greater (one-seventh to two-ninths) than its width. [yes 


large, 54 to 54 in head. Eyes 1} to 14 times 
length of snout, equal to interorbital width. ( 
Interorbital width 5.3 to 5.5 in length of head. 9° 
Opercular spine 3} to 4in head. Mouthoblique, @ 6 
the lower jaw much projecting. Maxillary 2 in *.5—Soomn on Tirana 
head, reaching past eye. Mandible 13 in head. piaseahaeta dilen woth ear 
Teeth broad incisors, uniserial on premaxillary, = '0%* 

mandible, vomer and palatines. The illustration shows the front 
and side of a tooth from the left palatine. Pectoral fins obliquely 
rounded, reaching to about fourth anal ray, 1% in head. Caudal 





524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





rounded. Fin membrane from last rays of dorsal and anal reaching 
to base of caudal rays. 

The color is entirely lost in our specimens with the exception of a 
small dark spot at the top of the spinous dorsal. 

Thalassophryne megalops differs from the other species of the genus 
in the very large eye and in the large, broad incisor teeth, which are 
proportionally two or three times as broad as in the other species. 

We have examined and measured two specimens, the larger the 
type, both of them No. 37669, U.S. Nat. Mus., from fisheries steamer 
Albatross, station 2142, in the Gulf of Darien, at a depth of 42 fathoms. 
Taken March 29, 1884. The specimens are 5.4 cm. and 6.9 em. 
long, respectively. 


Measurements of the type and cotype of Thalassophryne megalops. 




















Cotype, No. 37669, U.S. Nat. Mus.| Type, No. 37669, U S. Nat. Mus. 
Motalileneihs vc< shee c cian zmteane = ACR a oo eetas ts erty ene = ae meats 6.9em. 
Standardilengih? =: 2.2.6.2 cae: 4S CMV CEE LS cae wicca cates oe eee 5.5¢em. 
Body: 
Doping sce an. ace asa we nees -279 3.58 in standard length..... -291 3.44 in standard length. 
Widths 5 Se icc cans .256 3.91 in standard length... .. -291 3.44 in standard length. 
Depth at ventral fins. ....-.-.--. .209 4.79 in standard length... -. -200 5.00 in standard length. 
= Pepe of caudal peduncle. ..-. sl05' ¢3-S43invhea dre een ese .096 4.17 in head. 
ead: 
Gen pth ceactaa-aeeeat sae 372 2.69 in standard length....-. 400 2.50 in standard length. 
Wilditthies< so 5.2 se ccs ohne ooo 326 3.07 in standard length... .. .327 3.06 in standard length. 
Interorbital width..........-- 070 45:3iin head s25 2. Jisc cence .073 5.5 in head. 
Hengthiolisnout..: sseo-s esos (047- SU 92 inheadise.ceces see oe = .055 7.27 in head. 
Length of maxillary....... ..--| .186 5.38 in standard length... --. -182 5.49 in standard length. 
2 Oun head'4s.* 222522 c acs 2.2 in head. 
DOe scarce out eee eee -233 4.29 in standard length... -. -255 3.92 in standard length. 
IG MN Ad sass es sone ase 1.6 in head. 
Diameter of orbit........-..-- £070: 5:3) Imheadss 2. ces. 25 eas .073 5.5 in head. 
Dorsal (spinous): 
Distance from snout.......-.-- .337 2.97 in standard length... .. .364 2.75 in standard length. 
THON SER OL DESC =.n oc ees oe rece 6S 3:20iniheasdo= ices tees 100 4.00 in head. 
Height at first spine........... 21305) .2:68:in ead! js Same carec steers oe -109 3.76 in head. 
Height at second spine......-.. 1163:20/in headis...2e.-aeae ee 127 3.14 in head. 
Dorsal (soft): 
Distance from snout.........- .465 2.15 in standard length.....| .491 2.04 in standard length. 
Tanpunior base... ....22-- 0256 .535 1.87 in standard length... .. -509 1.96 in standard length. 
Height at first ray... ...-----: 16% 3:20 Imhead 5 Soe ee cee cac ss 109 3.76 in head. 
Height at longest ray......-.-- S74 eC Oia in Neads aes. cee eco ee 145 2.76 in head. 
Height at last ray............. 5070) bis2inheadec cc -nssciee .0O82 4.88 in head. 
Anal: 
Distance from snout.....-..-.- 512 1.95 in standard length... .. .509 1.96 in standard length. 
Length’ of base..o. 2 -s26-ss5cc0 488 2.05 in standard length... -- 491 2.04 in standard length. 
Height at first ray...........- 2003974: 00} nhesd ae. ce ate ae .073 5.48 in head. 
Height at longest ray......... SLIGis S20 In MOAN oc 223 cere eee .136 2.94 in head. 
Height at last ray.l..te-e-- ose 093! “4.00)\ins heads =...) 520-55. - .100 4.00 in head. 
Caudal: 
Length of middle rays. ....... (256) Mka4bindhead! ne mow eee wee .255 1.57 in head. 
Length of outer rays.........- W163)82)28 Inkheaa y=. eee -c ene .136 2.94 in head. 
Pectoral: 
Distance from snout.....-...-.- .396 2.53 in standard length-..-. 400 2.50 in standard length. 
envtih’ 2352 eee eee -256 3.91 in standard length... -. .291 3.44 in standard length. 
L424) intheads = Pierce ee 1.37 in head. 
Ventral: 
Distance from snout......-.--. .233 4.29 in standard length... .. .255 3.92 in standard length. 1 
Den Pt cnt ocece cee ee ates .163 6.13 in standard length... -- .200 5.00 in standard length. 
DOS ines. . asene eee ees 2.00 in head. 
Branchiostergals..s 2... ccseecs ore cce| Dace eee emee ees Ve eer Seema eee 6. 
DOrsal sco Sols chn hSatee<sceameesoee TIH19 ee ee cee aeiee TI-18. 
Anal..... i eiwae cide REM AtaRe ean 7 Gee Oe, cotdd a tae eee seueeene 17. 
Caudal. 2.2225... Us eee ee LAS aoe ee canbe oh ee eee eee 14. 
PeCtoral: ole oo ce cisco es neler US soearec een eae ena eae mits 14. 
Weritral et soc es Sean). Soe ieee ee Se eee ee ie 
. 


NO. 1764, THE VENOMOUS TOADFISHES—BEAN AND WEED. 525 








Genus THALASSOTHIA Berg. 


Thalassophryne Bera, An. Mus. La Plata, Zool., vol. 1, 1893, p. 6, pl. 2. 


Thalassothia Bera, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, vol. 4 (sen. 2, vol. 1), 1895, p. 66, 
pies 
Thalassothia OattBy, Ann. Queensland Mus., no. 9, pt. 2, 1908, pp. 46 and 54. 

Dorsal spines four, the first two perforated for the passage of a 
venom duct, as in Thalassophryne. 

Operculum developed as a strong spine which is hollow, like the 
first dorsal spines. 

Teeth blunt conic. 

Gill membrane apparently much narrower than in Porichthys, much 
as in Thalassophryne; not reaching much beyond the end of the 
opercular spine. 

The first two anal rays are somewhat separated from the rest of 
the fin. 

This genus differs from Thalassophryne in the number of dorsal 
spines; in the separation of the first anal rays from the rest of the 
fin and probably in the rather heavier body. In the only known 
species the dorsal and anal fins are shorter than in any known species 
of Thalassophryne. 

Thalassothia differs from Porichthys in the dentition; in the number 
of dorsal spines; in the armament of the operculum; in the width of 
the gill membrane and in the stouter body. 

Type.— Thalassothia montevidensis Berg. 





THALASSOTHIA MONTEVIDENSIS Berg. 
Thalassophryne montevidensis Bera, An. Mus. La Plata, Zool., vol. 1, 1893, p. 6, 
ple 2: 
Thalassothia montevidensis BERG, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, vol. 4 (ser. 2, 
Vol 19; p67; pl) 1. 

Head 3. Depth apparently about equal to length of head. D. 
II-II-16. A.2,14. V.,12. P.16. Body short and stout, some- 
what compressed behind the origin of the dorsal. Head depressed, 
wider than long. Eyes very small, apparently less than snout, which 
is about half the interorbital space. Opercular spine short, shorter 
than first dorsal spines. 

It is impossible from the original deseription (“* * * la 
abertura de la boca muy poco oblicuamente ascendente, pero la parte 
mentoniana algo prominente, redondeada € inferiormente provista de 
pequenos lobulos * * *,” the aperture of the mouth little obliquely 
ascending, but the chin somewhat prominent, rounded, and provided 
below with small lobules) to be sure whether the mouth is nearly 
horizontal or nearly vertical, but from an examination of the illustra- 
tration and from the fact that the eyes are said to be directed upward 
and forward (“* * * hacia arriba y adelante; * * *’’) it seems 


526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





probable that the mouth is more nearly horizontal than in Thalas- 
sophryne. The further description of the mouth as wide and almost 
transverse (‘‘ La boca es muy ancha y casi transversal’’), taken in con- 
nection with the broad snout, is of little value in this connection. 
The maxillary apparently reaches somewhat beyond eye. The teeth 
are conic and obtuse, uniserial in mandible and premaxillary; those 
of the mandible and premaxillary described as pointing inward while 
those of the maxillary point outward. (‘‘Los dientes son conicos y 
obtusos, formando una serie en el premaxilar, y una en la mandibula; 
los de la mandibula y del premaxilar son dirigidos hacia adentro, y los 
del maxilar hacia afuera.”’) There are no teeth on the maxillary in 
Thalassophryne. The pectorals are obliquely rounded and reach 
past the base of the dorsal and anal. Dorsal and anal well separated 
from the base of the caudal. Caudal somewhat rounded. 

Color yellowish or yellowish brown marbled with blackish and with 
three wide blackish cross bands along the base of the soft dorsal. 
The color fades to a dirty white below. 

The type of the species was taken at Montevideo; later another one 
was seen at the same place, and Berg reports that the fishermen claim 
to have seen many of them at Maldonado. 

We have no knowledge of this species further than the descriptions 
furnished by Berg. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


PLATE 31. 
Thalassophryne dowi, copied from Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 6, 1896, pl. 38. 
PLATE ‘32. 


Fig. 1. Thalassophryne punctata, drawing by Miss Evelyn Mitchell from cotype No. 
4632, Mus. Comp. Zool., Porto Seguro, Brazil. Coll. C. F. Hartt and E. 
Copeland, Thayer Expedition. 

2. Thalassophryne maculosa, drawing by Miss Violet Dandridge from cotype of 
Thalassophryne nattereri, No. 12726, Mus. Comp. Zool., Para, Brazil. Coll. 
L. Agassiz, Thayer Expedition. 
3. Photograph of opercular spine of Thalassophryne dowi No. 41430, U.S. N.M., 
Panama. Coll. Str. Albatross. 
4. Photograph of opercular spine of Porichthys greenei, cotype of Thalassophryne 
dowt. 
PLATE 33. 
Thalasso phryne maculosa, copied from Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 6, pl. 68. 
PLATE 34. 


Thalassophryne reticulata, copied from Trans. Zool, Soc. London, vol. 6, pl. 68, 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 31 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





THALASSOPHRYNE DOW! (AFTER JORDAN). 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 526. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL, 32 





FiG. 1.—THALASSOPHRYNE PUNCTATA. 





Fic. 3.—OPERCULAR SPINE OF FiG. 4.—OPERCULAR SPINE 
THALASSOPHRYNE DOWI. OF PORICHTHYS GREENEI. 















WER x 


FIG. 2.—THALASSOPHRYNE MACULOSA, COTYPE OF T. NATTERERI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 526. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 33 


2 
39 





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THALASSOPHRYNE MACULOSA (AFTER GUNTHER). 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 526. 





PL. 34 


38 


VOL. 


S, 


PROCEEDING 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 








THALASSOPHRYNE RETICULATA (AFTER GUNTHER). 


526. 


SEE PAGE 


OF PLATE 


NATION 


FOR EXPLA 





NEW MOTHS OF THE GENUS TRICHOSTIBAS. 


By Avucust Buscx, 
Of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 


The moths of the genus Trichostibas are rather common in Central 
and South America and are frequently taken by collectors, because 
they are attracted by light. 

In the U.S. National Museum are good series of a dozen species 
of this genus, including all but one of the species described from 
continental America and the four new species, described in this 
paper. In addition to these, two species are described from Cuba 
and one from Porto Rico by Zeller; and one species is described 
from Jamaica? by Lord Walsingham as Trichostibas pallidicostella; 
but if the venation of the hind wing is correctly given, this is clearly 
not a Trichostibas, as was suggested in his description. 

The only species found in United States has been for several 
years identified as Trichostibas calligera Zeller,” from Cuba; but a 
careful reading of Zeller’s description proves this to be a ground- 
less identification, and the Florida species must be known under its 
American name, Trichostibas parvula Edwards,¢ which has hitherto 
wrongfully been placed as a synonym of 7” calligera Zeller. 

While the adults of this genus are thus tolerably well known, none 
of the larve have ever been described, and only a few of the species 
have been associated with and reared from their remarkable cocoons. 

The moths of the genus are rather obscure, dull-colored insects, 
though with a charm of their own in their soft brown or bluish colors. 
Their cocoons, on the contrary, are very striking objects, rarely met 
with, and it is the opportunity to describe one of these and to present 
an adequate illustration of it, that is the main reason for the present 
paper. 





a There are besides these cotypes and large series of three other species of this genus, 
which have been described by Lord Walsingham, and which will appear in the near 
future in his volume of the Biologia Central-Americant. 

b Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1897, p. 115. 

¢ Hore Soc. Ent. Rossice, vol. 13, 1877, p. 231. 

@ Papilio, vol. 1, 1881, p. 80. 





PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1765. 


528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 38, 





TRICHOSTIBAS ISTHMIELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi black. Tongue white. Face and head deep blackish 
blue. Antenne dark blue. Thorax lighter, slaty blue. Forewings 
dark violet, clouded with lighter, inky, bluish violet. The color 
appears very nearly uniform under a lens, but in certain lights two 
broad, ill-defined bands of the lighter color can be made out, one at 
basal third, one at apical third, and the extreme tip is also somewhat 
lighter. Cilia dull blackish blue. Hindwings very dark, dull blackish 
fuscous, darker than those of any of the other described species 
and but very slightly transparent, just enough to distinguish the 
still darker veins. Abdomen deep metallic blue; ovipositor long, 
horny. Legs deep blue. Alar expanse, 37 mm. 

Habitat.—Gorgona, Canal Zone, Panama. E. A. M. Swaine, coll. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13151, U.S.N.M. 

A cocoon of this species with a live pupa was received through the 
mails on April 16, and on the same day the moth, a female, issued. 

The cocoon is of the general open network type of the genus and 
is apparently very similar to that of 7. fumosa Zeller, described by 
Lord Walsingham.* A picture of similar cocoons is given without 
identification of the species by Henry Edwards in The Standard 
Natural History, vol. 2, 1884, p. 438. 

In the present species the cocoon is suspended from a leaf by a stiff, 
silken thread more than 13 inches long, which, like the cocoon itself, 
is of a bright salmon red color. This supporting thread divides into 
three branches at the top of the cocoon, two of which form the edge 
of the opening through which the moth issues, while the third is 
continued along the one side of the cocoon, but does not protrude 
beyond it as in the cocoon of our Florida species. These thick 
threads are evidently spun first by the larva, which, suspended on 
them in midair, makes the regular open network between them 
and around itself. The cocoon is kidney-shaped, 19 by 10 mm., and 
consists of heavier parallel threads about 14 mm. apart, connected 
by thinner cross threads about 1 mm. apart and underlaid by an 
irregular open network of very fine threads. The moth issues through 
the hole at the upper end; at the lower end the cocoon terminates 
in a short, open neck, through which the larval skin is pushed out 
after pupation, thus insuring a clean, airy habitation, free from 
anything that might become water-soaked, or by its smell attract 
ants, the ever present enemy of other insect life in the Tropics. The 
entire elaborate contrivance is presumably a very effective protection 
against ants during the defenseless pupa period, for even should an 
ant attempt to climb down the long suspending thread it would 








@ Proc. Zool. Soe, London, 1897, p. 114, 


no.1765. NHW MOTHS OF THE GENUS TRICHOSTIBAS—BUSCK. 529 


probably be shaken off by the lusty violent jerks of the pupa, which 
were observed in the present specimen, whenever it was disturbed. 

I am under obligation to Mr. T. W. Smillie of the U. S. National 
Museum for the life-sized photograph, which enables me to show the 
figure of the moth and its cocoon (Plate 35). 

The species is by far the largest described in the genus and very 
distinct from the unicolored species, to which it comes nearest, by 
its size, its ornamentation, and its very dark hindwings. 


TRICHOSTIBAS CHIQUITA, new species. 


Labial palpi bluish black. Face and head bluish or greenish black. 
Antenne deep blue. Thorax greenish black. Forewings  unicol- 
ored, shiny, metallic bluish or violet black; costa nearly straight, 
slightly convex on its outer third; apex pointed; termen oblique. 
Hindwings transparent, sparsely covered with dull black scales; 
veins black; in the males with a strong, brown hairpencil at base of 
costa. Abdomen bluish black; ovipositor hardly protruding; male 
genitalia strongly developed, with long, thin black-scaled claspers 
and with two expansible tufts of yellow bristles. 

Alar expanse, 20-23 mm. 

Habitat—Juan Vinas, Tuis, and Florida, Costa Rica. William 
Schaus, coll. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13152, U.S.N.M. Cotypes in British Museum. 

This is the smallest of the described continental species and comes 
nearest to the West Indian species, described by Zeller, from which 
it differs by the darker forewings and by the dark brown costal 
hairpencil in the males. 


TRICHOSTIBAS COSTARICZ&, new species. 


Labial palpi blackish brown. Face blackish brown. Antenne 
dark metallic blue. Head light brown. Thorax light brown, with 
whitish apex and posterior tip. Iorewings deep maroon brown, 
with a strong purplish sheen and with dirty, brownish white mark- 
ings. These markings are poorly defined and are gradually shaded 
into the dark color; the costal half from base to near apex is unmot- 
tled dark brown; on the dorsal part of the wing the white predomi- 
nates and contain a large oval brown spot on vein 1? at basal third, 
which, by a narrow oblique brown streak, is connected with the 
upper dark part near the middle of the wing. From the costal dark 
part projects a spur downwards at apical fourth, which terminates 
in a nearly separated round brown spot; terminal and extreme 
apical part white; cilia light brown. Hindwings blackish fuscous, 
semitransparent except at apex; in the males with a strong, light 
ochreous, costal tuft. Veins 2 and 3 stalked in the males, separate in 
the females. This is merely an extreme case of the normal condi- 

Proc.N.M.vol.38—10——34 





530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





tion in all the species of the genus, where veins 2 and 3 are always 
closer together in the males than in the females. Abdomen and 
legs blackish brown. Ovipositor protruding, horny, reddish. Male 
claspers likewise red and horny. 

Alar expanse, 30-32 mm. 

Habitat.—Juan Vinas, Sixola River, and Tuis, Costa Rica. William 
Schaus, coll. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13154, U.S.N.M. Cotype in British Museum. 

Though not unicolored, this species, nevertheless, belongs nearest 
to the unicolored group of the genus and forms an intermediate link 
between this and the spotted group. The species is nearest in size 
and in ground-color to hephestiella Zeller, from which it is at once. 
separated by the ornamentation. 





TRICHOSTIBAS VENATELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi, face, head, and antenne bluish black. Thorax 
bluish or greenish black, with two large oval white spots; patagina 
bluish black. Forewings blackish brown, with strong metallic blue 
and green sheen and with dirty white markings, as follows: across 
the wing near the base is.a row of three irregular round white spots, 
an upper near to but not touching the costal edge, a lower near to 
but not touching the dorsal edge, and a somewhat larger central 
spot. Just beyond the middle of the wing is a broad band of white, 
broken up by the black veins into seven irregular oblong spots; one 
between the costal edge and vein 11; one between vein 11 and vein 
10; one on the small cell cut off by the mternal vein; one, the larg- 
est, on the main cell; one between this and vein 2; one between 
vein 2 and the fold, and one elongate pointed white spot between 
the latter and the dorsal edge. All the intervals between the apical 
and terminal veins dirty white; the veins themselves black. Entire 
edge of the wing narrowly black. Cilia blackish brown. Hind- 
wing dark fuscous, but rather transparent on the basal half, more 
or less opaque on the outer half. Abdomen bluish black. Ovi- 
positor horny, protruding, reddish. 

Alar expanse, 30-31 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. William Schaus, coll. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13153, U.S.N.M. 

This is one of the easily distinguished spotted group of species in 
the genus and the largest described species of that group. It is 
nearest to and greatly resembles 7. iophlebia Zeller, but is larger, 
darker, bluish black instead of violet, and has the white portion of 
the wing much more restricted than Zeller’s species. In this latter 
particular, as well as in general habitus, it is much like 7. imitans 
Felder, but is a larger and darker form than that species. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 35 














TRICHOSTIBAS ISTHMIELLA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 528, 





SiL.4-s 
Tk 
' 


1 


on 





THE STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU AND THE ADJA- 
CENT COAST. 


By Mary J. RaTusun, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U.S. National Museum. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Among the collections obtained by Dr. Robert E. Coker during his 
investigations of the fishery resources of Peru during 1906-1908 were 
a large number of Crustacea, representing 80 species. It was the 
original intention to publish the reports on the Crustacea under one 
cover, but as it has not been feasible to complete them at the same 
time, the accounts of the barnacles “ and isopods ? have been issued 
first. There remain the decapods, which comprise the bulk of the 
collection, the stomatopods, and two species of amphipods. One of 
these, inhabiting the sea-coast, has been determined by Mr. Alfred O. 
Walker; the other, from Lake Titicaca, by Miss Ada L. Weckel. See 
papers immediately following. 

Throughout this paper, the notes printed in smaller type were con- 
tributed by Doctor Coker. 

One set of specimens has been returned to the Peruvian Government ; 
the other has been given to the United States National Museum. 

Economic value.—The west coast of South America supports an 
unusual number of species of large crabs, which form an important 
article of food. Various smaller kinds, when occurring in abundance, 
are also eaten, such as the hermit crabs and the so-called hippas or 
sand bugs. Two species of the latter inhabit Peru. The natives dis- 
tinguish them by separate names, although carcinologists are slow to 
recognize their differences. The large and handsome land crab, 
Ucides, which is rare in collections, is said to be abundant in the man- 
grove swamps, and very palatable. The river shrimp, bithynis, is 
one of the most abundant of the forms brought to market; 1t some- 


@Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, no. 1700, 1909, pp. 63-74, pls. 16-19, text figs. 1-2. 


b Idem, vol. 38, no. 1729, 1910, pp. 79-85, text figs. 1-6. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 38—No. 1766. 


on 
w 
— 


532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38, 





times exceeds a foot in length. The rock crab, Grapsus, common in 
all tropical countries, is used for bait, as are also the hippas above 
mentioned. 

History.—The first list of Crustacea of Peru was made by Kinahan 
and published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Dublin, volume 
1, 1857. It comprised only those species, 24 in number, which were 
collected and brought home by Kinahan himself; many of the com- 
moner forms existing on the coast were, owing to circumstances, not 
included. Kinahan’s observations were confined to two localities, 
Callao Roads and the Chincha Islands. Some crabs which he reported 
as common are not included in the Coker collection, as Cancer long- 
ipes, Panopeus crenatus, and Cyclograpsus cinereus. 

Aside from the above-mentioned list, our knowledge of the Crustacea 
is somewhat fragmentary, having been derived from the various voy- 
ages which have touched at one or more ports in Peru. It was on the 
voyage of the French corvette, the Coquille, during the years 1822 
to 1825, that Lesson observed the galatheid crab, Grimotea gregaria, 
so-called, in such abundance that it gave the water the appearance of 
blood, a phenomenon already observed by Banks on his voyage with 
Captain Cook. As the result of Doctor Coker’s labors, we are able 
to-day to differentiate this species from the true Munida gregaria. 
(See M. cokeri, on p. 559.) 

The most important contribution to our knowledge of the fauna was 
made by d’Orbigny on his voyage to South America during 1826 to 
1833. The Crustacea were described by Milne Edwards and Lucas 
and illustrated largely with colored drawings. Their report forms the 
basis of all subsequent work on the crustacean fauna of Peru and 
Chile. 

The United States exploring expedition around the world during 
1838 to 1842, under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U.S. N., 
touched at Callao, and a number of species from that point are 
included in the report by James D. Dana on the Crustacea in the 
collection. 

Other expeditions that have added to our knowledge of Peruvian 
Crustacea are those by the Austrian frigate Novara during 1857 to 
1859, the British ship Challenger during the years 1873 to 1876, and 
the Italian Vettor Pisani during 1882 to 1885. The Crustacea of this 
last voyage were reported on by Cano in 1889; the lists of species from 
Peru are much fuller than those given by Kinahan, but their value 
is impaired by the obvious error in localities assigned to many strictly 
oriental species. These will be found in my list of species incorrectly 
referred to Peru. 

For the study of the Crustacea of the west coast of South America, 
the third volume of Gay’s Historia de Chile is indispensable; each 
species known up to 1849 is there described by Nicolet, and many are 
figured in the second volume of the folio atlas. 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. Doo 


Recent additions to the fauna.—The crustacea obtained by Doctor 
Coker were collected at various points on the coast between latitudes 
3° 30’ and 17° 8.; on the beaches and salt marshes, in shallow water 
along shore, in fish nets, and with the dredge and trawl in a few 
fathoms at three or four stations; also in the rivers and at the markets. 
More extensive dredging in shoal waters would no doubt result in a 
much greater number of forms. The new stalk-eyed species and sub- 
species number 7; of the known species, there are 27 additions to the 
Peruvian fauna, making in all 122 species. 

The most notable additions are a Dromidia, the first typical 
dromiid reported on the west coast of South America; and specimens 
of Panopeus bermudensis hitherto known only from the Atlantic. 
Eupleurodon trifurcatus and Hepatella amica have never before been 
noted since their first description. One is impressed by the super- 
abundance of Nanthide and Inachide and the scarcity of Partheno- 
pide and of shrimps of all kinds. 

The number of interrogation points in the list of synonyms gives an 
indication of the amount of work still to be done before the fauna of 
the west coast of South America is thoroughly known. Fortunately, 
the governments of both Peru and Chile have become aware of the 
importanse of a knowledge of the marine fauna, and it is hoped that 
the work so well begun will be continued with the same vigor. 

The Peruwian Province.—The Crustacea of Peru form part of a 
fauna corresponding to the mollusean ‘‘ Peruvian Province,” defined 
by Dall ® as extending from Guayaquil, Ecuador, to the island of 
Chiloé, in southern Chile. While the southern limit of the fauna is 
rather well defined, the transition at the north into the Panamie 
Province is much more gradual. For this reason there have been 
included in my list of species likely to occur in Peru all those recorded 
from Panama southward to Chiloé, down to a depth of 10 fathoms; 
also all fresh-water decapods on the Pacific slope south of Panama. 

Some of the species listed from southern Chile, as Lithodes antarctica 
and perhaps Paromola rathbuni and Palinustus frontalis, belong prop- 
erly to the Magellanic Province. 


ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES COLLECTED BY R. E. COKER. 
INACHOIDES MICRORHYNCHUS Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
Plate 36, fig. 1. 
Inachoides microrhynchus MitNe Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér, 
Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 5; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 4, fig. 2. 

Carapace subtriangular, longer than broad, setose, convex, uneven, 
the most elevated portions and the margins tuberculated; postorbital 
tooth triangular; supraorbital tooth blunt; rostrum spiniform, equal 
in length to distance between orbits. Antenne visible beside ros- 


@Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, 1909, no, 1704, p. 185. 


534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 38. 





trum. Chelipeds in the male long and very stout, palms much 
swollen, longer than fingers, which gape narrowly in basal half; 
chelipeds in the female feeble, fingers as long as palm. Legs slender, 
subeylindrical. 

Length 10 to 20 mm. 

Dredged, Bay of Sechura, about half-way between Bayovar and Matacaballa, in 
5 to 6 fathoms, April 10, 1907. 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution.—Peru; Chile. = 

EPIALTUS MARGINATUS Bell. 
Plate 36, fig. 2. 


Epialtus marginatus Beit, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 3, for 1835 (1836), p. 
173; Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 62, pl. 11, fig. 4 (female); pl. 
13 (male). 

Large. Carapace very convex, suborbicular, save for the flat, 
deflexed rostrum, smooth; lateral border marginate, two teeth 
anteriorly, an obscure tooth at widest part of carapace and a trace 
of another behind it. Rostrum subtriangular, tip bifurcate; pre- 
orbital tooth present. Eye-stalks globular, sunk in the circular 
orbits. Chelipeds elongate, very strong in male, two tubercles on 
upper edge of arm, one tooth at antero-internal angle of wrist, fingers 
long, gaping. Legs diminishing rapidly in length from first to 
fourth, a setiferous tooth on under side of propodites increasing in 
the same order; dactyli bluntly spinulous beneath. 

Length 8 to 10 em. 

Shells of crabs from Independencia Bay, July, 1907. 


‘‘Apancora;” also called ‘‘Jaiva” by some. Taken in fish net near the shore, Mol- 
lendo, July 22 and 23. 


Distribution.—Galapagos Islands; Peru to Chile; Rio Janeiro (7%). 
ACANTHONYX PETIVERII Milne Edwards. 
Plate 46, fig. 4. 


Acanthonyx petiverii MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 343.— 
Dana, Crust. U. 8. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 128; atlas, 1855, pl. 5, fig. 6. 

Acanthonyx emarginatus MitNe Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. 
Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 9; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 5, fig. 2. 

Small. Carapace elongate, subpentagonal, nearly smooth, a few 
tufts of hair; lateral margins nearly parallel, tridentate, first tooth 
large, at antero-lateral angle; preorbital tooth present; rostrum 
short, deflexed, tip bifureate; each marginal tooth is fringed with 
hair. Antenne visible either side of beak. Orbits in sides of cara- 
pace; eyes visible from above. Chelipeds short, considerably 
enlarged in male; two tubercles on lower outer edge of arm; wrist 
cristate above; palm longer than fingers, which gape narrowly. Legs 


a 


NO. 1766. STALK-EVED CRUSTACEA OF PRRU—RATHBUN. 585 


~ 


compressed, decreasing in length from first to fourth; propodi dilated, 
a blunt tooth on under edge against which the dactylus plays. 
Length 15 to 18 mm. 
Dredged, Bay of Sechura, about half-way between Bayovar and Matacaballa, in 
5 to 6 fathoms, April 10, 1907. 
Taken from seaweed, Chincha, North Island, June 18, 1907. 
Distribution.—From Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, to Chile; 
Galapagos Islands. Also east coast of tropical America. 


EUPLEURODON TRIFURCATUS Stimpson. 
Plate 49, fig. 5. 
Eupleurodon trifurcatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, p. 98. 


Very small. Carapace pentagonal, post-rostral portion broader 
than long, a strong forward-projecting tooth at antero-lateral angle, 
and a large tooth farther back on side margin; surface uneven, 
armed with about fourteen setose tubercles. A strong preorbital tooth. 
Rostrum bifid, the teeth lobiform and inclined toward each other. 
Chelipeds small; two tubercles and a terminal tooth on upper edge 
of arm; wrist nodose; upper edge of palm concave. Propodi and 
dactyli of legs subequal in length, a strong tooth on proximal half of 
propodi. 

Length 8 to 10 mm. 


From rocks between tide lines, north end of Ferrol Bay (Chimbote), March 1. 


Not previously known from Peru. 
Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; Peru. 


MICROPHRYS PLATYSOMA (Stimpson). 
Plate 50, fig. 3. 


Milnia platysoma Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1860, p. 180. 

Carapace subtriangular, posterior margin arcuate; surface tuber- 
culate, with occasional long hairs; uneven, margins spinulous; two 
larger spines, one above the other, at outer angle of branchial region; 
three marginal laminz, one on orbital tooth, one on hepatic region, 
and the other on branchial region; between and below the last two 
a spine; orbit deeply fissured above; preorbital spine present; 
between it and the rostrum a prominent antennal spine; rostrum 
bispmnous. Chelipeds strong in male, feeble in female; arm = and 
wrist tuberculate, arm with flat teeth above; fingers in male widely 
gaping and dactylus with large basal tooth; fingers in female nearly 
meeting. Legs cylindrical, rapidly diminishing from first to fourth; 
subterminal spine on merus of first pair, 

Length 12 to 18 mm. 


From rocks between tide lines, north end of Ferrol Bay (Chimbote), March 1. 


536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


Distribution. —From Lower California to Peru: Galapagos Islands; 


Porto Rico. 


MICROPHRYS ACULEATUS (Bell). 
Plate 45, fig. 4. 
Pisa aculeata Bet, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 171; Trans. 
Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 50, pl. 9, fig. 7. 

Carapace ovate, surface setose and hairy; a transverse series of 
spines across cardiac and branchial regions; two spines at outer 
angle of branchial region; three elongated lamin on lateral margin, 
without intermediate spine. Rostral and antennal spines more 
slender and cylindrical than in JM. platysoma. Arm with three tri- 
angular teeth above; spine on carpal joints of legs 

Length 15 to 18 mm. 

Lobos de Afuera, March 18, 1907. Rocky bottom, along shore, which is covered 
with a growth of seaweed. 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution.—Galapagos Islands; Ecuador; Peru. 

TELEOPHRYS CRISTULIPES Stimpson. 
Plate 46, fig. 2. 
Teleophrys cristulipes Strueson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1860, p. 190, 
pl. 2, fig. 2. 
Mithrax ( Teleophrys) cristulipes A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 
113; pl: 19, figi2- , 


Carapace ovate, a little broader than long, convex, granulate and 
tuberculate, three small spines on branchial margin, of which one is 
at the lateral angle and the others before and behind it. Orbital 
border not fissured; a preorbital tooth. Rostral horns short, thick, 
nearly contiguous, or curving toward each other. Chelipeds of male 
very large, inner border laminate; arm tuberculate, wrist carinate; 
fingers widely gaping, a tooth near middle of dactyl. Chelipeds of 
female similar Bit feeble, fingers narrowly gaping. Legs armed with 
laminiform spines except on the dactyli. 

Width 10 to 15 mm. 

Dredged, Bay of Sechura, about half-way between Bayovar and Matacaballa, in 
5 to 6 fathoms, April 10, 1907. 

Distribution.—From Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, to Peru; 
Galapagos Islands; also Brazil. 


CALLINECTES TOXOTES Ordway. 
Plate 55. 
Callinectes toxotes ORDWAY, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1868, p. 576.— 
Ratupun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1896, o 363, pls. 21; 24, fig. 9; 
25, fig. 9; 26, fig. 9; 27, fig. 8. 
Very large. Carapace twice as wide as long, hexagonal, with a 
strong spine on each side and a row of eight teeth between the spine 


no. 1766. STALK-BYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 53837 





and the orbit; surface uneven, granulate, two transverse granulated 
ridges. Front and orbits together equaling one-third width of cara- 
pace; front between orbits four-toothed, teeth broadly rounded; 
orbits and’ eyes large. Chelipeds long and strong; arm with four 
large spines on inner edge and a terminal spine on outer edge; palm 
prismatic, with seven granulate ridges and a spine at either end; 
fingers as long as palm; prehensile edges armed with stout irregular 
teeth. Legs flattened, last pair very broad, especially the last two 
segments, which form a swimming paddle. Abdomen of mate broad 
at base, narrow distally; third to fifth segments fused; terminal 
segment in both sexes longer than one-half of penult segment; 
appendages of first segment in male sinuous, reaching nearly to end 
of abdomen. 

Width 18 to 19 em. 

Taken with casting net, mouth of river Tumbes, January 15, 1908. ‘‘Jaiva.’’ 
Said to be very abundant at times. Only a few were seen during my stay in the region 
(January 15 to February 15). Of economic value. 

Not previously reported from Peru. 
Distribution.—From Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, to Peru. 


CALLINECTES ARCUATUS Ordway. 


Plate 56. 
Callinectes arcuatus ORDWAY, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1863, p. 578.— 
RaTHBuN, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1896, p. 362, pls. 20; 23, fig. 1; 24, 
Hoe S, 25, Nese 26s tee fa Dia dioe 7; 

Similar to the preceding, but smaller; intramedial area shorter and 
broader; antero-lateral region smoother; frontal teeth more triangu- 
lar, acute, the middle pair very small. Terminal segment of abdo- 
men in both sexes shorter than one-half of penult segment; append- 
ages of first segment in male straight or nearly so, not reaching ter- 
minal segment of abdomen. 

Width 10 to 12 cm. 

Oyster beds of Matapalo, near Capon, February 3 (‘‘Jaivas’’). 

On the beach at Las Vacas, near Capon, January 23, 1908 (‘‘Jaiva’’). 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution.—From Lower California to Peru.¢ 


ARENAZUS MEXICANUS (Gerstecker). 
Plate 37, fig. 2. 


Euctenota mexicana GrrstecKer, Arch. fir Naturg., 
pl. 5, figs. 3 and 4. 

Neptunus mexicanus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 212, pl. 42, 
fig. 3. 


vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, p. 131, 


? 


Of medium size. Carapace twice as broad as long, hexagonal, 
with the antero-lateral margins more arcuate than in Callinectes and 


« Professor Porter records a fragment of a Callinectes from Coquimbo, Chile. 


5388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 38. 


cut into eight well-separated teeth; a strong spine at each lateral 
angle. Carapace covered with small whitish spots; very convex, 
densely granulate, a little uneven, ridges faint. Lower surface of 
‘arapace densely hairy, hair showing in dorsal view between the side 
teeth. Front between the orbits quadridentate, teeth separated by 
U-shaped sinuses; orbit with two open V-shaped sinases above. 
Buceal cavity without a longitudinal ridge. Chelipeds and legs 
similar to those of Callinectes; arm spines feebler, none on outer — 
edge; a spine at inner angle of wrist. Abdomen of male more trian- 
gular, less T-shaped than in Callinectes. 

Width 75 to 85 mm. 

Sand beach, Ancon, February 13. 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution.—F rom west coast of Mexico to Peru. 


PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) ACUMINATUS (Stimpson). 
Plate 49, fig. 4. 
Acheloiis acuminatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, p. 112. 

A small, pubescent species. Carapace twice as broad as long, sub- 
hexagonal; antero-lateral margin armed with eight small curved 
teeth, of which the second, fourth, and sixth are a little smaller; a 
slender lateral spine; posterior margin truncate, angles rounded; 
surface uneven, granulate on the elevated portions, ridges strong. 
Of the four teeth of the front, those of the middle pair are more 
advanced; intervals V-shaped. Chelipeds elongate, prismatic; arm 
with four or five spines on inner margin, a terminal outer spine; wrist 
with two distal spines, one outer, the other inner and much longer; 
the seven ridges of the palm strong, granulate; a proximal spine and 
on upper margin a subdistal spine; fingers strongly ridged, tips dark 
colored and crossing. Legs much as in the preceding; the swim- 
ming feet have a spine at the distal end of the lower margin of the 
merus. Abdomen of male triangular. 

Width about 30 mm. 

Taken in trawl, Bay of Sechura, west of Matacaballa, depth about 5 fathoms, April 
8, 1907. 

Dredged, Bay of Sechura, about half-way between Bayovar and Matacaballa, in 
5 to 6 fathoms, April 10, 1907. 

Distribution.—From Panama to Peru. 


CANCER POLYODON Poeppig. 
Plate 38, fig. 2. 


Cancer dentatus Brut, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835, p. 87; Trans. Zool. 
Soc. London, vol. 1, 1835, p. 339, pls. 45, 47, figs. 4 and 5. Not C. dentatus 
Hersst, 1785. 

Cancer polyodon Pasrria, Arch. fiir Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1836, p. 133. 

XY 


Large and hairy. Carapace broadly oval, very convex, closely 
eranulate; antero-lateral margin very long, armed with ten broad, 


RP) 


NO. 1766. STALK-EVYED CRUSTACEA. OF PERU—RATHBUN. 539 


acute, and strongly projecting teeth, the first of which forms the outer 
angle of the orbit, and the last is the smallest; postero-lateral margin 
concave, bearing one small tooth. Front very narrow, tridentate, 
middle tooth more advanced and lower than the others. Orbits 
bordered by six prominent teeth. Maxillipeds exceeding the buccal 
cavity. Chelipeds nearly equal; wrists and upper borders of chele 
spinous; outer surface of palm crossed by five longitudinal, granu- 
lated ridges; fingers narrowly gaping, black color extending from 
tips half-way along outer border and whole length of inner border. 
Legs broad, flat. 

Width 9 to 14 em. 

Sand beach, Ancon, February 13. 


Callao, May 18, 1908. 
Taken in fish net, rocky shore, northeast side of San Lorenzo Island, January 11, 


1907. 
Independencia Bay, taken in | fathom at the ‘Punta Callao” of Isla Vieja, July 
20, 1907. ‘‘Cangrejos” of economic value. 


Ihistribution.—Ecuador; Peru; Chile. 


CANCER PLEBEJUS Peppig. 
Plate 38, fig. 1. 


Cancer irroratus BELL, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835, p. 87; Trans. Zool. 
Soc. London, vol. 1, 1835, p. 340, pl. 46 (part). Not C. irroratus Say. 
Cancer plebejus Paspric, Arch. fiir Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1836, p. 134. 

Large and sparsely hairy. Carapace a little shorter and broader 
than the preceding; also smoother. The ten teeth of the antero- 
lateral margin are broad, low, and separated largely by closed fissures ; 
the postero-lateral tooth is indicated by a simple notch. Teeth of 
front and orbits less strong than in (. polyodon; no tooth on upper 
margin of orbit between inner and outer teeth. Mavxillipeds less 
produced than in C. polyodon, their distal margins more transverse. 
Chelipeds subequal; two spinous crests on upper surface of chele; 
four additional granulated ridges on outer face of palm; dark color 
restricted to a small area near extremity of fingers and along the pre- 
hensile teeth; gape very slight. Legs broad, flat, nearly naked. 

Width 10 to 12 em. 

Callao, May 18, 1908. 

Distribution.—F rom Peru to Port Otway, Patagonia. 

PLATYXANTHUS ORBIGNYI (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 
Plate 40, fig. 2. 


Xantho orbignyi MitneE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., 
vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 14; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 7, fig. 1. 

Very large. Carapace broad, slightly convex and uneven; antero- 

lateral margins strongly arched, continuous with margin of front and 


540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ‘MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


cut into from eight to ten strong saw-teeth, some of which may 
have an accessory tooth; last tooth with a dorsal ridge continued on 
the carapace. Front four-toothed, teeth blunt, middle pair more 
advanced, middle sinus deepest. Lower margin of orbit prominent, 
bidentate, upper margin with two closed fissures. Chelipeds strong, 
smooth, unequal; a low protuberance on upper border of arm and an 
acute tooth at inner angle of wrist; palms swollen, fingersshorter than 
palm, gaping, dark-colored except at outer base, teeth and tips white. 
Legs flattened, tips horny. Under part of carapace, upper border 
of arm and margins of legs hairy. Color red. 
Width 9 to 11 em. 


Callao, May 18, 1908. 
Distribution.—Ecuador; Peru; Chile. 


PLATYXANTHUS CRENULATUS A. Milne Edwards. 
Plate 39, fig. 2. 


Platyxanthus crenulatus A. MILNE Epwarps, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), vol. 3, 1879, 
p. 106, pl. DLP A. 

Large. Carapace transverse, subhexagonal, very convex, uneven. 
Antero-lateral margins angled, cut into four teeth, exclusive of orbital 
angle; three teeth are broad and subtruncate, posterior tooth subacute, 
thickened. Of the four frontal.teeth, the two outermost are broad, 
obliquely truncate. Inner suborbital tooth flattened, broadly 
rounded. Chelipeds very strong and unequal; a stout tooth above 
arm, another at inner angle of wrist; chele more compressed than in 
P. orbignyi; fingers as long as palm, dark color extending the length 
of prehensile border (the teeth themselves are white), but less than 
half way up the outer edges. Legs much narrower than in the pre- 
ceding; dactyli prismatic, hairy. 

Width 8 to 9 em. 


Taken in boat beam trawl dredging in 7 to 8 fathoms, southeast of Caleta Colon, 
Bay of Payta. Soft mud bottom. April 13. 

Thrown on the beach near the mouth of the Rimac by a strong sea, February 4, 1907. 

From the beach at Pisco, July 7, 1908. 


Distribution.—F rom Peru to Patagonia. 
XANTHO GAUDICHAUDII Milne Edwards. 
Plate 39, fig. 1. 


Xantho gaudichaudii M1tnek Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 396.— 
Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 

1843, p. 15; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 5, fig. 4. 
Of medium size. Carapace octagonal, thick, deeply areolated; 
antero-lateral margin with three teeth remote from orbit; postero- 
lateral margin straight; front, between orbits, one-fourth as wide as 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATIBUN. 541 
‘arapace, subtruncate, bilobed, lobes concave; orbital margin with 
three élosed fissures and no teeth. Chelipeds unequal, stout, rugose ; 
arm short, denticulate above; wrist with two blunt teeth at inner 
angle, one below the other; palm swollen; fingers dark-colored, gaping, 
teeth low. Legs short, thick; dactyli stout, furry, with short, horny 
tips. 

Width 20 to 45 mm. 

Taken in trawl, Bay of Sechura, west of Matacaballa, depth about 5 fathoms, April 
8, 1907. 

Tide pool on shingle beach at La Punta, December, 1906. 

Distribution.—From Ecuador to Patagonia; Juan Fernandez. 


CYCLOXANTHOPS SEXDECIMDENTATUS (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 
Plate 40, fig. 1. 
Xantho sexdecimdentatus MILNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. 
Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1848, p. 15; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 7, fig. 2. 

Of medium size. Carapace transversely suboval, the antero- 
lateral margins being very long and arched, the postero-lateral mar- 
gins short and nearly straight; front narrow, bilobed, lobes oblique, 
truncate, separated by a closed fissure. Antero-lateral teeth eight 
on each side, irregular in size and shape. Preorbital tooth, above and 
below, well marked; three orbital fissures closed. Chelipeds stout, 
very unequal; arm short and broad; wrist with two teeth at inner 
angle and a short subdistal spine above; palm broad, compressed; 
fingers dark, nearly closing. 

Width 40 to 45 mm. 

Taken in trawl, Bay of Sechura, west of Matacaballa, depth about 5 fathoms, April 
8, 1907. 

Dredged, Bay of Sechura, about half-way between Bayovar and Matacaballa, in 5 to 
6 fathoms, April 10, 1907. 

Lobos de Afuera, March 25. 

Tide pool on shingle beach at La Punta, December, 1906. 

Dredged near northeast side of San Lorenzo Island, depth 2} fathoms, February 5. 

Dredged in Bay of Chilea, September 2, 1907. 

Independencia Bay, taken in | fathom at the ‘‘Punta Callao” of Isla Vieja, July 
20, 1907. ‘‘Cangrejos” of economic value. 

Distribution.—Ecuador to Chile. 

PANOPEUS PURPUREUS Lockington. 
Plate 41, fig. 2. 
Panopeus purpureus LOCKINGTON, Proc, Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 
101.—A. MinNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 316, pl. 57, fig. 3. 

Carapace convex in both directions; regions well marked; surface 
granulate and with several short transverse ridges; shape hexagonal; 
antero-lateral margin shorter than postero-lateral, armed with five 
teeth (orbital included), the first two small and partly fused, the 


542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


others large and acute. Front divided by a median fissure, a small 
tooth at outer angle; orbits large, three large smuses below. Cheli- 
peds unequal, strong; two teeth on upper border of arm and one at 
inner angle of wrist; fingers dark, the color of the immovable finger 
not reaching quite to its base; fingers deflexed, not gaping, a strong 
tooth at base of larger dactyl. Legs long, narrow, hairy. 

Width 37 to 50 mm. 


Taken in casting net at mouth of River Tumbes (Boca Alamo), January 15, 1908. 


Not previously known from Peru. 
Distribution —From Lower California to Peru. 


PANOPEUS CHILENSIS Milne Edwards and Lucas. 


Plate 41, fig. 4. 
Panopeus chilensis M1tNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., 
vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 16; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 8, fig. 2. 

Similar to the preceding; regions more deeply marked; surface 
rougher, with more numerous transverse ridges; first two antero- 
lateral teeth more widely separated; last three teeth narrower and 
more faleate; front narrower, its lobes more pronounced; distal 
tooth of arm stronger; legs broader, especially the propodi of the 
last two pairs. 

Width 38 to 48 mm. 


Oyster beds of Matapalo (near Capon), January 23, 1908, 


Distribution.—West coast of Mexico to Chile. 


PANOPEUS BERMUDENSIS Benedict and Rathbun. 


Panopeus bermudensis BENEvicr and Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 
1891, p. 376, pl. 20, fig. 2; pl. 24, figs. 14 and 15. 

Small. More oval than the preceding species; antero-lateral 
more nearly equal to postero-lateral margin; surface strongly areolate, 
transverse rugee numerous; of the five 
lateral teeth, the first and second are 
separated by a very shallow sinus, the 
second much less advanced than the 
first; last three sinuses deep; third 
and fourth teeth subacute; fifth tooth 
narrow, acute. Border of front medi- 
ally emarginate, each lobe faintly sin- 
uous; upper edge of orbit between 





ra: aabaosehs eee sutures separately convex. Chelipeds 
MALE UR unequal, granulate, granules reticulat- 


ing; a superior tooth on arm, an inner tooth on wrist; a groove at 
distal end of wrist and on upper surface of palm; larger chela high, 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA .OF PERU-—RATHBUN. 548 


fingers dark with light tips, gaping in male, a large tooth at base of 
dactyl. Legs narrow, hairy, dactyli elongate, with slender horny tips. 
Width 6 to 14 mm. 
Oyster beds of Matapalo (near Capon), January 23, 1908, one male; two females 
were taken from masses of sponge at the same place. 
Not. before recorded from the west coast of America. 
Distribution.—Peru. From Florida to Brazil; Bermudas. 


EURYPANOPEUS TRANSVERSUS (Stimpson). 


Panopeus transversus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1860, p. 
210.—BeEneEpict and Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891, p. 367, 
pl. 22, fig. 2; pl. 24, fig. 9. 

Small. Carapace broadly oval, posterior half flat, anterior half in- 
clined downward to the margin; regions 
indicated. Of the five normal teeth 
of the lateral margin, the first two are 
completely fused and form a truncate 
lobe; next two teeth also lobiform; last 
tooth dentiform, blunt; last three sin- 
uses V-shaped. Front faintly four- 
lobed. Chelipeds unequal; a stumpy F 
sooth at inner angle of wrist; fingers 1. 2—EURYFANOPEUS TRANSVERSUs, 

MALE, NATURAL SIZE. 
rather slender, those of the larger chela 
of male narrowly gaping, the dactylus with a slightly enlarged tooth 
at its base. Legs narrow, compressed. 

Width 18 to 20 mm. 


On the beach at Las Vacas, near Capon, January 23, 1908. Called ‘‘ Pangoritas;” 
in the belief of the fishermen, these are the females corresponding to Hriphia squamata, 


male ! 





Not previously known from Peru. 
MNstribution.—F rom Salvador, Central America, to Peru. 
EURYTIUM TRISTANI Rathbun. 
Plate 47, fig. 1. 

Eurytium tristant RatHBun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 19, 1906, p. 100. 

Carapace very convex from front to back, transverse, hexagonal; 
surface very finely granulate, without ridges, regions fairly marked; 
antero-lateral margin very short, cut into five teeth, including tooth 
at outer angle of orbit, the first two teeth partly fused, the others 
strong, the fifth most acute; postero-lateral margins very long and 
convex. Front about one-fourth as wide as carapace, with two 
rounded lobes; orbits of good size, with three large sinuses below. 
Chelipeds very unequal, heavy; arm with tubercles and a strong 
tooth above; wrist with a strong inner tooth; fingers light colored, 


544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





gaping, larger dactyl Ww ae a large ao endgame tooth at its base! 
Legs compressed, margins hairy, dactyli long, slightly curved. 
Width 28 to 52 mm. 

Salto (near Capon), January 31. 


Not previously known from Peru. 
Distribution.—Costa Rica; Peru. 


PILUMNOIDES PERLATUS (Peeppig). 
Plate 50, fig. 2 
Hepatus perlatus Pasrria, Arch. fiir Naturg., vol. 2, pt.1, 1836, p. 135, pl. 4, fig. 2. 
Pilumnoides perlatus Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. 
Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 21; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 9, fig. 1. 

Small. Carapace convex, suborbicular, broader than long; anterior 
two-thirds tuberculate, posterior third nearly smooth; antero-lateral 
margin with five or six irregular teeth, the margin continued inward 
upon the carapace by a granulous line. Front most produced at 
middle, bilobed; orbit subecircular, margin almost entire. Chelipeds 
equal, stout, tuberculate, the tubercles arranged in rows on lower 
half of palm, one row terminating in a large tooth on outside of 
immovable finger; upper edge of palm tridentate; fingers brown 
with white tips, gaping slightly in basal half. Legs slender, terminal 
half furry; dactyli ending in long, curved, horny tips. 

Width 9 to 20 mm. 

Taken in trawl, Bay of Sechura, west of Matacaballa, depth about 5 fathoms, April 


8, 1907. 
Dredged near northeast side of San Lorenzo Island, depth 2} fathoms, February 5. 


Distribution.—From Panama to Chile. 


ERIPHIA SQUAMATA Stimpson. 
Plate 41, fig. 1. 
Eriphia squamata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1859, p. 56.— 
A. MitNgE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mens 1880, p. 339, pl. 56, fi. De 

Carapace truncate in front, sides convex anteriorly, straight and 
convergent posteriorly, preatest width considerably in front of middle. 
Surface anteriorly rough with granules and short rugz; sides armed 
with seven or eight stout, curved spines. Interorbital distance one-half 
width of carapace; half this space lies between orbit and antenne; 
front between antenne cut by a broad median sinus into two truncate, 
tuberculate lobes; orbit nearly round. Chelipeds unequal, stout; wrist 
and hand covered with large, flattened, scale-like tubercles which be- 
come obsolete on lower part of palm; fingers stout, a large basal tooth 
on the dactyl. Legs compressed, long-hairy. 

Width 35 to 40 mm. 


Taken on the beach at Las Vacas, near Capon, January 23, 1908. ‘‘Pangora.”’ 


Distribution.—From Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, to Chile. 


No. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 545 
SPEOCARCINUS OSTREARICOLA, new species. 
Plate 48, fig. 2. 


Of small size. Body and legs coarsely hairy. Carapace subeylin- 
drical, transverse, granulate, antero-lateral margin arcuate, triden- 
tate. Front equal to one-fourth width of carapace. Eye-stalks dis- 
tally slender, filling orbits. Chelipeds unequal, broad, nearly smooth; 
a tooth on upper edge of arm and inner edge of wrist; palm high, fin- 
gers narrowly gaping, toothed. Legs narrow, third pair longest; 
dactyli nearly straight, prismatic. 

Width of type male 17.6 mm., length 12 mm. 

In S. granulimanus Rathbun ¢ of Lower California, which is nearly 
related to the above species, the carapace is narrower, side teeth 
smaller, hands and wrists coarsely granulate. 

Ty pe-locality.—_Oyster beds of Matapalo (near Capon), January 
23, 1908. 

Type.—Cat. No. 40469, U.S.N.M. One male. 


OSTRACOTHERES POLITUS Smith. 
Plate 43, fig. 3. 
Ostracotheres politus Smiru, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 169.—LEnz, 
Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. vol. 5, 1902, p. 765, pl. 23, figs. 9 and 9a. 

Small. Carapace thin, flattened, smooth and shining; trans- 
versely oval; front not projecting; a median sulcus on front and a 
U-shaped sulcus extending from orbits to middle of carapace. Talp 
of outer maxilliped two-jointed. Chelipeds equal; segments rounded, 
smooth; hands compressed; fingers not gaping; dactylus with basal 
tooth. Legs short, cylindrical; dactyli of first three pairs short and 
curved, dactyli of first and second pairs folding against the expanded 
distal end of propodus which is clothed with hair; fourth pair of 
legs much the slenderest, dactylus slightly curved and as long as the 
propodus. 

Width 7 to 14 mm. 


Found with Crepidula-like form [C. dilatata] on mussels taken in Ancon Bay. 
Distribution.—Peru; Chile. Living within shells of mollusks. 


DISSODACTYLUS NITIDUS Smith. 
Plate 48, fig. 6. 
Dissodactylus nitidus Smiru, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 173. 

Of small size. Carapace transversely oblong, flattened, smooth. 
Frent narrow; eyes minute. Buccal cavity broad behind, arched 
anteriorly, very nearly reaching the front. Palate not divided by a 
median ridge. Ischium and merus of outer maxillipeds coalesced, 
palpus of two segments, the terminal one large and spatulate. Cheli- 





a@Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 242. 
Proc. N.M.vol.38—10 35 





546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


peds small, equal; hands short, rounded. Legs small, slender; dac- 
tyli of first three pairs short and deeply bifurcate, of last pair simple 
and slender. Sternum of male broad and flat; abdomen narrow, 
three-jointed, first and second normal joints being fused, and third to 
sixth inclusive also fused. 

Width 5 to 6.5 mm. 

Taken in trawl, Bay of Sechura, west of Matacaballa, depth about 5 fathoms, April 
8, 1907. 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution.—Lower California (off Abreojos Point) to Peru. 


PINNIXA TRANSVERSALIS (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 
Plate 46, fig. 1. 
Pinnotheres transversalis Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. 
Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 23; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 10, fig. 3. 

Carapace high, more than twice as wide as long, oblong, the outer 
ends inclined downward; a transverse ridge on the posterior part of 
the carapace. Front narrow, truncate, deflexed; orbits small, oval. 
Palpus of outer maxilliped very large, with three segments, the last 
of which is articulated to the inner side of the preceding; both of these 
are fringed with long hair. Chelipeds equal, with hairy margins; 
chele: compressed, tapering distally, sparsely granulous, two granu- 
lous and hairy ridges on outer surface and one on lower margin. A 
line of hair between second and third abdominal segments. 

Width 17 to 22 mm. 

Dredged near northeast side of San Lorenzo Island, depth 24 fathoms, February 5. 
Taken from a piece of tube resembling the end of a tube of Chextopterus. 


Distribution.—From Panama to Punta Arenas, Patagonia. 


PINNOTHERELIA LAVIGATA Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
Plate 51, fig. 3. 
Pinnatherelia levigata Mitnk Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. 
Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1848, p. 25; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 9, fig. 1. 

Small. Carapace smooth, firm, a little broader than long, sub- 
rectangular, with the corners rounded off, flat except in its anterior 
portion, which is strongly bent down. Front two-fifths as wide as 
‘arapace; orbits and eyes oval. Outer maxillipeds parallel to each 
other; ischium distinct from and smaller than merus; palpus very 
large, segments end to end. Sternum flat, forming an angle with the 
plane of the carapace. Chelipeds stout, smooth; palms inflated; fin- 
gers narrowly gaping. Legs flattened, second longest; meropodites 
and propodites thickly hairy beneath. 

Width 10 to 12 mm. | 


Callao. These casts were found on the rocks of the inner side of the natural dyke 
of rubble separating the lagoon at the mouth of the river from the ocean. 


Distribution.—Peru; Chile. 





NO. 1766, STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 547 


GRAPSUS GRAPSUS (Linneus). 
Plate 42, fig. 1. 
Pagurus maculatus CatresBy, Nat. Hist. Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama 
Islands, vol. 2, 1748, p. 36, pl. 36, fig. 1. 
Cancer grapsus LINN&US, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., vol. 1, 1758, p. 630. 

Of good size. Carapace discoidal, crossed by obliquely transverse 
ridges, tuberculate anteriorly; one side tooth behind the dentiform 
antero-lateral angle. Front broad, high, almost vertical, overhanging 
epistome and almost concealing antennules; four prominent superior 
tubercles. Chelipeds short, stout, tuberculate and striate; a broad 
flat tooth on wrist; tips of fingers broad, spoon-shaped. Legs long, 
broad and flat; dactyli short, spinous. 

Width 70 to 85 mm. 


Pescadores Islands, February 12. Abundant, running on the rocky shores, in and 
above the surf. 

From the rocks in and above the surf, north end of Callao water front, December 
27, 1906. The crabs of this or closely related species are exceedingly abundant on all 
rocky shores from Independencia Bay to Lobos de Tierra, at least. 

‘‘Arana.’’ Crab abundant on the rocky shores, usually just above the water. Val- 
ued for bait in the line fishing. Chincha Islands, July 13. 

‘‘Arafia.’? Mollendo, July 25, 1908. 

Distribution. —From Lower California to Chile; Galapagos Islands; 
Juan Fernandez. Also shores of tropical Atlantic. 


LEPTOGRAPSUS VARIEGATUS (Fabricius). 
Plate 45, fig. 2. 
Cancer variegatus Fasricius, Ent. Syst., vol. 2, 1798, p. 450. 
Grapsus planifrons DANA, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 338; atlas, 
1855, pl. 21, figs. 3a—3e. 

In size and shape similar to preceding. Two side teeth behind 
antero-lateral angle. Front broad, moderately inclined, truncate. 
Chelipeds larger than in Grapsus; inner margin of arm laminate; 
tooth of wrist small; outer surface of palm nearly smooth; fingers 
widely gaping at base in male. Legs of moderate length; last two 
joints spinous. Form and color variable. 

Width 60 to 70 mm. 


‘Cangrejo.’’ Mollendo, July 25, 1908. 
Mstribution.—From Peru to Chile; Juan Fernandez; also Australia 
and other parts of the southern hemisphere. 
GONIOPSIS PULCHRA (Lockington). 
Plate 47, fig. 3. 
Goniograpsus pulcher LocKINGTON, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 
152 [8]. 
Carapace subquadrilateral, convex, smooth in the middle, striated 
elsewhere. Front half as wide as carapace, vertical, four lobes above. 


548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Chelipeds short, stout; inner margin of arm laminate and spinous; 
wrist spinulous; chele flat; tips of fingers narrow, slightly spoon- 
shaped. . Legs spinous and hairy; merus joints broad. Color dark, 
purplish or brown, mottled with citrine on the carapace, yellowish 
on the legs. 

Width 30 to 40 mm. 


Taken on the beach at Las Vacas, near Capon, January 23, 1908. ‘‘Chanduya,”’ 
common on muddy beaches; noted especially about the mangrove swamps. 

Not previously known from Peru. | 

Distribution. —From Magdalena Bay, Lower California, to Peru. 


PACHYGRAPSUS TRANSVERSUS (‘Gibbes). 
Plate 46, fig. 3. 


Grapsus transversus GiBBES, Proc. Amer. Ass. Adv. Sci., vol. 3, 1850, p. 181. 
Goniograpsus innotatus Dana, Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, .p. 345; 
atlas, 1855, pl. 21, fig. 9 a—c. 

A small species. Carapace trapezoidal, much broader than long 
and much broader in front than behind; transversely and obliquely 
striated; one tooth behind the outer tooth of the orbit. Front 
inclined, more than half as wide as carapace, edge sinuous. Chelipeds 
equal, stout, striated; inner lamina of arm distally laciniate; a blunt 
tooth on wrist; propodus with an obliquely longitudinal line near 
lower edge; palm nearly smooth outside. Legs spinous at extremity 
of upper and lower margins of merus; margins sparsely clothed with 
long bristles; dactyli with long spines. 

Width 12 to 15 mm. 


On the beach at Las Vacas, near Capon, January 23, 1908. 

Oyster beds of Matapalo, near Capon, January 23, 1908. 

Distribution.—From California to Peru; Galapagos Islands. Also 
widely distributed in tropical Atlantic and Oriental Region. 


ARATUS PISONI (Milne Edwards). 
Plate 50, fig. 4. 
Sesarma pisonii M1LNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 76, pl. 19, 
figs. 4 and 5. 

Carapace trapezoidal, nearly as long as wide, very narrow behind; 
regional furrows deep, sides striated. Front vertical, very wide, 
showing four lobes above and reaching nearly to the buccal cavity. 
Chelipeds of moderate length, stout in male; arm inwardly expanded; 
outer surface of wrist obliquely elongate; claws tuberculate, an oval 
area on the outside is covered with long black bristles; fingers nar- 
rowly gaping. Legs thin, flat, last two joints hairy on margins; two 
spines at end of upper edge of merus joints; propodus very long; 
dactyli very short. 

Width 20 to 25 mm. 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 549 





” 


Near Capon, February 2. ‘‘Cangrejos de los manglares.’? Commonly seen climb- 
ing on the roots and branches of the mangroves, sometimes entering holes in its mud 
(which may, however, pertain to other species of crabs). 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution.—From Nicaragua to Peru; also on the east coast of 
America. 
CARDISOMA CRASSUM Smith. 

Plate 44. 


Cardiosoma crassum SmitH, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 144, pl. 5, 
fig. 5. 

Of huge size. Carapace thick, convex, subcordate, deeply fur- 
rowed, otherwise smooth. Front truncate, about one-fourth as wide 
as carapace. Eyes stout, moderately long, in large triangular orbits. 
Merus of outer maxillipeds notched at summit. Chelipeds massive, 
very unequal, mostly smooth, margins tuberculate or bluntly spinous, 
larger claw longer than width of body, its fingers gaping, armed with 
strong prehensile teeth. Terminal joint of legs spinous. 

Width about 125 mm., length of large claw about 150 mm. 

Mouth of River Tumbes, February 12. The ‘‘Cangrejo sin boca” (mouthless crab), 
an inappropriate and inexplicable name. 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution.—From La Paz, Lower California, to Peru. 

UCIDES OCCIDENTALIS (Ortmann). 
Plate 42, fig. 2. 
Uca una MitNeE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, 
pt. 1, 1843, p. 23. 
Uca levis MinNE Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 7, 1854, p. 185, pl. 
16, figs. 1 and la. 
(:dipleura occidentalis ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., vol. 10, 1897, p. 336. 

Of large size. Sexes very unlike. Carapace thick, very convex, in 
male transversely oval, infemale much narrower and with a well-defined 
marginal line. Front narrow, arcuate, bent down. Eyes of moderate 
length, nearly filling orbits. Merus of outer maxillipeds quadrate, 
not notched at summit. Chelipeds of male very long, nearly equal, 
very spinous on the margins and inner surface. Palms longer than 
the broad, flat, narrowly gaping fingers; chelipeds of female much 
shorter, relatively broader, very unequal, similarly roughened, palm 
not noticeably longer than fingers, which gape widely in larger claw. 
Legs margined with fringes of hair, especially beneath; terminal joint 
unarmed. 

Width of male about 95 mm., of female about 75 mm.; length of 
longer cheliped of male about 23 cm. 

From the mangrove swamps at Las Vacas in the region of Capon, January 23, 1908. 
This is the ‘‘cangrejo’ 


? 


abundant in the mud of the mangrove swamps of the region. 


550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





They are taken at low tide by thrusting one’s arm into the deep holes in the mud. 
The fisherman first enlarges the hole with his foot. The meat is of excellent flavor. 
Color: Carapace olive-green, margined with orange; claws, legs, and eye stalks deep 
red. A handsome and valuable form. 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution. —F rom Lower California to Peru; Valparaiso (7%). 


OCYPODE GAUDICHAUDII Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
Plate 43, fig. 2. 


Ocypoda gaudichaudii Mitne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. 
Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1848, p. 26; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 11, figs. 4-4b. 
Carapace squarish, broader than long, anterior corners flattened. 
Front between the eyes narrow, bent down. Eyes large, elongated, 
prolonged beyond the cornea in a slender style. Chelipeds stout, 
unequal, rough, fingers with truncate ends. Legs long, finely rough- 
ened. 
Width about 40 mm. 


Taken on the beach at Las Vacas, near Capon, January 23, 1908. ‘‘Carretero” 
(=cart-driver). 

Beach, Lobos de Tierra, March 30. 

Sand beach, Chimbote, February 27. Very abundant. 

Sand beach, Ancon, February 13. Their burrows were common on the beach, 
but only two crabs were seen out on the beach (early afternoon). 


Iistribution.—From Lower California to Chile; Galapagos Islands. 


UCA PRINCEPS (Smith). 
Plate 48, fig. 3. 
Gelasimus princeps SmirH, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 120, pl. 2, 
fig. 10; pl. 3, figs. 3-3c. 

Carapace trapezoidal, very broad, especially anteriorly, angles 
acute; surface nearly smooth. Front between the eyes very narrow, 
spatulate, bent down. Eyes with very long, slender stalks, set in 
deep orbits. One cheliped of male enormously developed, the hand 
joint longer than width of body; palm coarsely roughened; fingers 
long and broad, smooth except on margins; other cheliped of male 
and both chelipeds of female very small. Legs smooth, merus joints 
expanded. 

Width of back 85 to 40 mm. 

Salt flats at Puerto Grande on the Rio Zarumilla (2 leagues from Capon), February 2, 
1908. ‘‘Maestro-Sastre’’ (meaning master-tailor). 

Salt marshes back of Chulliyache (on Bay of Sechura). 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Iistribution.—From San Bartolome Bay, Lower California, to 
Peru. 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. Dou 


UCA INSIGNIS (Milne Edwards). 


Plate 43, fig. 1. 


Acanthoplax insignis M1tNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), Zool., vol. 18, 1852, 
p. 151, pl. 4, fig. 23; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 7, 1854, p. 162, pl. 
11, figs. 1-10. 


Larger than U. princeps; carapace narrower, more uneven; side 
margins with a few small blunt spines or tubercles. Front and eyes 
similar to those of U. princeps. Large cheliped enormous; palm 
tuberculated, fingers very broad and flat, the movable finger having 
its widest point in the distal half. Merus joints of legs with blunt 
spines beneath. 

Width of carapace about 45 mm., length of claw about 90 mm. 


Salt marshes back of Chulliyache (on Bay of Sechura). 


Distribution.— From Gulf of Fonseca, Salvador, to Chile. 


UCA GALAPAGENSIS Rathbun. 
Plate 46, fig. 6. 


Uca galapagensis RaTtHBUN, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 275, pl. 12, 
figs. land 2. 

Smaller than the other fiddler crabs, somewhat cylindrical, smooth; 
front arched between the eyes, which are correspondingly shorter 
than in the other species. Large cheliped granulate, relatively 
smooth; fingers slender, the movable one longest, curving down past 
the tip of the immovable finger. Legs narrow, noticeably hairy. 

Width about 20 mm. 

Salt flats at Puerto Grande on the Rio Zarumilla (2 leagues from Capon), February 
2,1908. ‘‘Cangreiitos de las salineras.”’ 

Not before recorded from Peru. 

Mstribution.— Galapagos Islands; Peru. 


HEPATUS CHILIENSIS Milne Edwards. 
Plate 37, fig. 1. 


Hepatus chiliensis MILNE Epwarops, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 117. 
Hepatus chilensis MILNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 
6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 28; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 14. 


Of good size. Carapace broadly oval, with the postero-lateral 
margins concave, posterior margin narrow; surface a little uneven; 
margins crenulate; front narrow, truncate; orbits small, filled by the 
eyes; below the orbit, a concave, subtriangular area. Buccal cavity 
triangulate, produced nearly to antennules. Chelipeds stout, folding 
close to the body; hands with a superior, dentate crest and five ridges 


552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





on the outer surface; fingers not gaping; dactylus partly tuberculate 
above. Legs compressed, unarmed, dactyli furry above and below. 
Width 70 to 85 mm. 


Dredged near northeast side of San Lorenzo Island, depth 2 fathoms, February 5: 
Callao, October 29, 1907. 


Distribution.—Ecuador; Peru; Chile. 
HEPATELLA AMICA Smith. 
Plate 50, fig. 5. 
Hepatella amica SmiruH, in Verrill, Amer. Nat., vol. 3, 1870, p. 250. 


Carapace subrectangular, little broader than long, antero-lateral 
margins arched and crenulate, postero-lateral margins deeply exca- 
vate and meeting the posterior margin at an angle; antero-lateral 
regions depressed; gastric, cardiac and_ post-branchial regions 
elevated and granulate; front produced, subtruncate. The concave 
area below the orbit is very shallow and ill defined. Maxillipeds 
notched at tip. Chelipeds moderate; wrist and chela cristate above; 
upper crest of hand tridentate, lower edge crenate, four ridges on 
outer surface. Legs cristate above and below. 

Width 16 to 20 mm. 

Taken in trawl, Bay of Sechura, west of Matacaballa, depth about 5 fathoms, April 
8, 1907. 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Istribution.—Panama; Peru. 

LEUCOSILIA JURINEI (Saussure). 
Plate 45, fig. 1. 
Guaia (ilia) jurinei Saussure, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., no. 8, 1853, p. 12, pl. 13, 
fig. 4. 
Leucosilia juriniti Beit, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, 1855, p. 295, pl. 32, 
fig. 1. 

Carapace orbicular, very convex, surface closely covered with 
granulations; hepatic region bearing a low elevation, margin sepa- 
rately convex; a tooth or tubercle on the intestinal region; front 
with two small triangular, divergent teeth. Orbits small, three 
closed fissures on its margin. Buccal cavity as advanced as the front, 
subtriangular. Chelipeds and legs granulate; arm joints cylindrical; 
palms a little compressed, narrowing distally; fingers long and 
slender, slightly gaping in male; dactyli of legs setose, slightly 
curved. 

Length 14 to 21 mm. 

Oyster beds of Matapalo (near Capon), January 23, 1908. 


Not previously known from Peru. 
Distribution.—From Mazatlan, Mexico, to Peru; Galapagos Islands. 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PHRU—RATHBUN. 5dD3 
DROMIDIA SARRABUREI, new species. 
Plate 48, fig. 4. 


Densely covered with fur except ends of fingers and dactyli; abdo- 
men partly extended. Carapace high, subglobular, broader than 
long; antero-lateral margins directed toward the buccal angles and 
armed with six small teeth or tubercles; from the last tooth an 
oblique furrow runs across the branchial region. Front vertical, 
tridentate. Orbits with a tooth above and below; orbits and 
antennular pits continuous. Maxillipeds protuberant. Chelipeds 
short, stout, equal; fingers deeply channeled inside, gaping at base. 
First and second legs broad, dactyli with a curved horny tip and a 
row of horny spines beneath; third and fourth legs narrower, sub- 
dorsal and prehensile, third shorter, dactyli strongly curved, fourth 
one recurved, both folding against a spinous process on the propodus. 

Length of carapace of an ovigerous female 28.2 mm., width 30 mm. 

Ty pe-locality.—Taken in trawl, Bay of Sechura, west of Mataca- 
balla, depth about 5 fathoms, April 8, 1907. 

‘*Camarones del Mar.’? Crab housed in sponge. 

Type.—Cat. No. 40475, U.S.N.M. 

Dedicated to Sefior Don Carlos Sarrabure y Correa, Director de 
Fomento. 





HYPOCONCHA PERUVIANA, new species. 
Plate 47, fig. 2. 

Covered with a coat of short sete, margins fringed with short hair; 
abdomen partly extended; dorsal surface fitting the contour of the 
molluscan valve which it holds over itself. Carapace flattened, 
membranaceous; length subequal to breadth; anterior margin 
arcuate, with a slight median incision and notches at the insertion of 
the antenne; postero-lateral margins subparallel and forming a 
sinus behind the lateral angle. Eyes and orbits small, wholly ventral. 
Antenne long and slender. Prominences of ventral surface granu- 
lated. Chelipeds small, equal; wrist and claw granulated; outer 
face of wrist bordered by fringe of hair; fingers stout, not gaping, 
tips red. First and second legs stout; third and fourth slender, 
dorsal, third the shorter, dactyli very short and hooked, helping to 
hold the crab in place in the shell which it carries on its back. 

Length of mature female 18 mm., width 19.5 mm. 

Under valve of Chione asperrima Sowerby.@ 

Ty pe-locality.— Oyster beds of Matapalo, near Capon, February 3. 

Type.—Cat. No. 40474, U.S.N.M. 

Near /. digueti Bouvier,® from La Paz Bay, Mexico, but differs 
in having a Y-shaped depression on the gastric region directly in 








a All the mollusks mentioned in this paper were identified by Dr. W. H. Dall. 
b Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 4, 1898, pp. 374 and 376. 


554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


front of the cervical suture; the margins of front and carapace granu- 
lated; the endostomian crest prominent and armed with a denticle; 
the wrist bordered by a prominent granulated and fringed marginal 
crest, except on the distal border, and a sharp spine at the infero-distal 
angle; the abdomen of the female with a backward-pointing fringe 
of hair on the posterior border of the fourth and the fifth segments. 


EMERITA ANALOGA (Stimpson). 
Plate 49, fig. 1. 
Hippa analoga Strmpson, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, p. 85. 
ITippa talpoides Dana, Crust. U. 8. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 409; atlas, 1855, 
pl. 25, figs. 10a-e. 

Carapace oblong-oval, very convex, with fine transverse ruge; 
two short transverse impressed lines on anterior half; antero-lateral 
margin finely serrulate. Front having three small lobes or teeth, 
lateral teeth more advanced than median; sinuses rounded. Eye- 
stalks long and slender, directed forward. Antennules twice as long 
as eyes. Second joint of antennal peduncle ending in three spines, 
of which the middle one is the largest; flagellum very long, curved 
and bent back under the body. Maxillipeds large, operculiform. 
First pair of legs not chelate, dactyli oval; dactyli of second and 
third pairs faleate; fifth pair of legs very slender, concealed. Abdo- 
men partially extended; telson large, elongate-triangular, more than 
twice as long as wide. 

Length of carapace 20 to 23 mm. 


’ 


Sand beach, Ancon, February 13. Abundant. ese ‘‘ i-muis” are used for 
Sand beach, A , February 13. Abundant. Th ““mui-mui 


bait in fishing; also the soft ones are eaten, 
Irom sand beach, NE. side of San Lorenzo Island, January 11, 1907. 
““Cameroncitos;’? Mollendo, July 23 (or ‘‘mui-mui” of other places). 


Distribution.—From Oregon to Chile. 


EMERITA EMERITA (Linneus). 
Plate 49, fig. 6. 
Cancer emeritus LINNXUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1767, p. 1055. 
Hippa emerita Dana, Crust. U. 8S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 409; atlas, 1855, 
pl. 25, figs. 9a-c. 

Very similar to the preceding, but larger; carapace rougher 

. oD 5 Do ) 
postero-lateral expansion longer; frontal teeth longer and narrower; 
eyes longer, reaching beyond middle of antennules; second joint of 
antennal peduncle much longer, due to the great length of the middle 
spine; telson less than twice as long as wide. 

Length of carapace 32 to 38 mm. 

Ocean beach, Capon, January 29. These are called ‘‘barquillas” here, instead of 
‘‘mui-muis,’’ as corresponding forms are known generally on the coasts. They are 
eaten by the fishermen after boiling, but contain little meat. 

Distribution —From Lower California to Chile; from Florida to 
Brazil. 


' 
1 
t 


Co 
@ 
Co 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PHRU—RATHBUN. 


PAGURISTES HIRTUS Dana. 
Plate 51, fig. 2. 


Paguristes hirtus Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 437; atlas, 1855, 
pl. 28, figs. 2a-/. 

A rough, hairy hermit crab; rostrum short; eyes slender, much 
longer than antennal acicle, shorter than base of antennule; eye scale 
elongate, inner margin denticulate; flagellum of outer antennx long- 
ciliated below. Chelipeds equal; hand subelliptical, short-spinous 
and tufted hirsute, margins spinous, outer margin very arcuate. 
First and second pairs of legs rough and hairy, dactyli longer than 
propodi. 

Length 50 mm. 


Taken in trawl, Bay of Sechura, west of Matacaballa, about 5 fathoms, April 8, 1907. 


One small specimen, in Marginella curta Sowerby. 
Distribution.—Peru; Chile. 


PAGURISTES TOMENTOSUS (Milne Edwards). 
Plate 50, fig. 1. 


Pagurus tomentosus MitNe Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), Zool., vol. 10, 1848, 
p. 64. 

A small hermit crab, in which the base of the antenne, the equal 
chelipeds and the next three pairs of feet are clothed with long, soft 
hair, which conceals the surface, except some sharp, black spines 
which border the inner edge of the wrist and hand and are scattered 
also on their dorsal surface; similar spines on upper edge of the 
ambulatories, and smaller spines on their outer surfaces. The rostral 
point is stronger than in P. hirtus, and the eyes are more cylindrical, 
not at all dilated at the cornea. 

Length said to be 24 ches. Our specimen is about 1 inch or 
25 mm. 

Dredged, Bay of Sechura, about half-way between Bayovar and Matacaballa, 5 to 6 
fathoms, April 10, 1907. 

One specimen, in shell of Oliva peruviana. 

Distribution.— Peru; Chile (7). 


CLIBANARIUS PANAMENSIS Stimpson. 


Plate 47, fig. 4. 


Clibanarius panamensis Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1859, p. 84. 

A hermit crab with the carapace elongate, well calcified in front of 
the cervical groove, rostrum small, triangular. Abdomen well 
developed, soft, spirally coiled. Eye stalks long and slender; eye 
scales approximated. Antennal acicle short, flagellum long. Cheli- 
peds similar, equal, spinous; fingers opening horizontally, tips cor- 


556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 





neous and broadly hollowed. First two pairs of legs longer than 
chelipeds, and like them, finely striped longitudinally with red and 
white. Third and fourth pairs of legs small, third subcheliform, 
fourth cheliform. Abdomen having an appendage on left side of 
second, third, fourth, and fifth segments; tail-fan present, more 
developed on left side. 

Length of carapace about 20 mm.; entire length of extended crab 
about 85 mm. 

Isla de la Correa, near Capon, January 25, 1908. ‘‘Diablicas.’? The native method 
of extracting the ‘‘diablicas” from the shell is to apply a coal of fire to the apex, until 


the animal voluntarily abandons his house. They are said to be as palatable as the 
‘“camerones” (shrimps). 


Distribution.—From Lower California to Peru. 


DARDANUS SINISTRIPES (Stimpson). 
Plate 49, fig. 2. 
Pagurus sinistripes Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1859, p. 82. 


A hermit crab with carapace elongate, partially calcified anteriorly; 
rostrum absent; a tooth at base of antenna. Abdomen soft, spirally 
coiled. Eye stalks stout; eye scales large and well separated. Anten- 
nal scale moderate, flagellum long. Chelipeds dissimilar, left the 
larger; spinous; fingers opening in an obliquely vertical plane; tips 
corneous, somewhat spooned. Next two legs long and spinous; 
the second one on the left side is unlike the others, the last two 
segments much broadened, covered outside with overlapping scales, 
propodus with a longitudinal ridge, the dactylus with a deep furrow. 
Last two legs small, third subchelate, fourth chelate. Abdominal 
appendages similar to those of Clibanarius; behind the third one, 
but more ventral, there is a fleshy spur. 

Length of animal extended, about 80 mm.; length of carapace 
about 20 mm. 

In a species of Natica. 

Dredged, Bay of Sechura, about half-way between Bayovar and Matacaballa, in 5 


to 6 fathoms, April 10, 1907. 


Distribution.—From Lower California to Peru. 


DARDANUS IMBRICATUS, new species. 
Plate 49, fig. 3. 


Similar to the preceding; eye stalks shorter, eye scales not spread- 
ing at the extremity; antennal scale just reaching thecornea. Left 
cheliped the larger, with wrist sparsely spinous, palm broader than 
long, outer face covered with numerous fan-shaped, overlapping 
scales which are largest near the immovable finger; scales bordered 
distally by small chalky-white granules and a fringe of short hair; 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 557 


dactylus similarly ornamented, except for a row of tubercles next to 
the prehensile teeth. Right cheliped wanting, as are also the left 
ambulatory legs. Right ambulatories nearly smooth, long, hairy; 
dactyli somewhat shorter than in D. sinistripes. 

Length of carapace 18 mm., length of body about 70 mm. 

One specimen lacking the right cheliped, in shell of Thais chocolata 
Duclos. 

Dredged, Bay of Sechura, about half-way between Bayovar and Matacaballa, 5 to 
6 fathoms, April 10, 1907. 


Cat. No. 40470, U.S.N.M. 





Type. 
? PAGURUS BENEDICTI (Bouvier). 


Plate 48, fig. | 


Eupagurus minutus BENepict, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 14 (not 
Pagurus minutus Hess, 1887). 
Eupagurus benedicti Bouvier, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 1898, p. 381. 


A small, somewhat hairy, hermit crab with front nearly straight, 
faintly three-lobed; eye stalks long, stout; scales short, rounded, 
with a slender subterminal spine; acicle of antenna shorter than eye, 
peduncle scarcely longer than eye. Chelipeds dissimilar, unequal, 
right larger; its wrist triangular above, inner margin armed with 
slender spines, a few scattered spines on the surface; chela suboval, 
inner margin set with long slender spines; spines of outer margin 
smaller, two rows of spines beginning at carpus converge at base of 
pollex, other scattered spines; wrist of smaller cheliped with two rows 
of spines, upper face and oblique outer face of chela subequal, the 
latter bordered by sharp spines. Ambulatory legs slender, longer 
than chelipeds. 

Total length reaches 33 mm. The single Peruvian specimen is very 
small, about 15 mm., and bears eggs. It is placed here with some 
doubt. 

The ambulatories show broad bands of red and white, one of each 
color on the propodus and the dactylus, the white distal to the red. 


Dredged near the northeast side of San Lorenzo Island, depth 2} fathoms, February 5. 
Not previously known from Peru. 
Nistribution.—Gulf of California; Peru. 
CALLIANASSA UNCINATA Milne Edwards. 
Plate 45, fig. 3. 


Callianassa uncinata MILNE Epwarops, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 310, pl. 
25bis, figs. 1-3. 

A burrowing shrimp with submembranaceous shell; carapace small, 

oblong-oval, rostrum minute. Eye stalks flat, triangular, with small 

dorsal corner. Inner antenne stout, peduncle as long as flagella; 


558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 38. 


outer antenne without scale, flagellum longer than carapace. Outer 
maxillipeds operculiform. First, second, and fourth pairs of feet che- 
late, those of first pair largest, unequal, flattened, smooth, and hard; 
the larger one with arm small, wrist very large, palm of equal width, 
hollowed out distally next the immovable finger and having a tooth 
projecting into the wide gape; movable finger with a truncate tooth 
at its base, extremity hooked; smaller cheliped of first pair much 
narrower; propodus of third pair obliquely oval. First segment of 
abdomen narrow; tail-fan broad, telson squarish. 

Length of body about 7 cm. The Peruvian specimens are small, 
about 17 mm. long. The wrist is proportionately longer than in 
Milne Edwards’s figure and the tooth on the dactyl of the large claw 
broader. 

Living in the muddy sand of the inside beach at Capon. 


Not previously known from Peru. 
Distribution.—Peru; Chile. 


PETROLISTHES ARMATUS (Gibbes). 
Plate 41, fig. 3. 


Porcellana armata GipBEs, Proc. Amer. Ass. Adv. Sci., vol. 3, 1850, p. 190. 
Porcellana gundlachii GUERIN, in La Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, vol. 8 (atlas), 1855, Articu- 
lata, pl. 2, fig. 6. 

Small. Carapace ovate, finely rugose; a spinule on lateral margin 
behind hepatic sinus. Front triangular, undulated. Eye stalks 
short and stout, cornea large. Flagellum of antenna much longer 
than body. Maxillipeds very large, projecting beyond the front. 
Chelipeds broad and flat, subequal but unlike; wrist long, tridentate 
on anterior margin, two or three spines at distal end of posterior 
margin; palm triangular, widening distally; fingers shorter than palm, 
slightly gaping in the stouter chela. First three pairs of legs half as 
long as chelipeds; merus joints flattened, spmous; following joints 
slender. Last pair of legs much slenderer, inflexed. Abdomen sym- 
metrical, bent under the body, sixth segment bearing a pair of lamellar 
appendages, which with the telson form a swimming fan. 

Width 7 to 8 mm. 


Taken on the beach at Las Vacas, near Capon, January 23, 1908. ‘‘Salamandra.’’ 
These crabs are found in vast abundance on the shelly oyster banks bordering the man- 
grove swamps at Matapalo. The bank is exposed at low tide for a width of about 25 
meters. By scratching in the shelly ground many of these crabs can be taken. 

Oyster beds of Matapalo (near Capon), January 23, 1908, from masses of sponge. 


Not previously known from Peru. 


Distribution.—From Lower California to Peru; from Florida to 
Brazil; Bermudas; Indo-Pacific region. 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 559 


PETROLISTHES SPINIFRONS (Milne Edwards). 
Plate 48, fig. 5. 
Porcellana spinifrons MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 256. 

Similar in shape to the preceding. Carapace rougher, areolated; 
antero-lateral margin denticulated. Front quinquedentate, middle 
tooth largest and most prominent, intermediate pair on lower level. 
Orbits better defined and eyes smaller than in P. armatus. Pedunc- 
ular segments of antenna tuberculate; flagellum very long. Maxil- 
lipeds also long. Chelipeds shorter than in the preceding; a strong 
tooth at middle of anterior margin of wrist; palms as broad as long; 
fingers as long as palm. First three pairs of legs stout; fourth pair 
shorter and a little broader than in P. armatus. 

Width 10 mm. 


Pescadores Islands, February 12. Small, dark purple crab. 
Distribution.—Peru; Chile. 
PACHYCHELES GROSSIMANUS (Gué€rin). 
Plate 46, fig. 5. 


Porcellana grossimana Gu&RIN, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. France, 1835, p. 116; Mag. 
de Zool., vol. 8, 1838, cl. 7, pp. 6, 8, pl. 26, fig. 3. 

Allied to Petrolisthes. Carapace ovate, as broad as long, convex, 
faintly rugose. Front bluntly tridentate, orbits shallow, eyes large. 
First article of antenna reaches margin of carapace; flagellum longer 
than carapace. Maxillipeds visible in dorsal view. Chelipeds very 
broad and thick, rough and setose; wrist broader than long, two 
teeth on anterior margin; palms as broad as long; outer margin of 
propodus very convex; fingers gaping, densely hairy within. — First 
three pairs of legs stout and hairy; fourth pair slender, inflexed. 

Width 8 to 12 mm. 

Taken in trawl, Bay of Sechura, west of Matacaballa, depth about 5 fathoms, April 


8, 1907. 
Taken from seaweed, Chincha, North Island, June 18, 1907. 


Mstribution.—Peru; Chile. 
MUNIDA COKERI, new species. 
Plate 53, fig. 5. 


Grimotea gregaria GUERIN, Voy. Coquille, atlas, 1830, pl. 3, fig. 1 (colored); vol. 
2, pt. 2, 1831, p. 32 (not Galathea gregaria Fasricius, 1793). 

Carapace oblong; abdomen partly extended; chelipeds elongate, 
longitudinal, as are also the first three pairs of legs; last pair of legs 
very slender, inflexed. Cervical suture deep; numerous transverse 
strize bordered by setz; rostrum a slender spine, longer than eyes, 


560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 





its upper margin and the extremities of its lower and lateral margins 
very finely denticulate; a short spine on either side of the base of the 
rostrum, and also at antero-lateral angles; a few spinules on anterior 
side margin. Cornee large, reniform. Chelipeds narrow, not twice 
length of carapace, rough with spinules; spines at distal angles of 
arm and wrist; palm twice as long as wide, fingers longer than palm, 
not gaping. First three legs rough, margins hairy. Abdomen trans- 
versely striated and ciliated, unarmed; swimming fan broad. 
Length of carapace of type male 18.8 mm., length of entire animal 
extended 60 mm. 
Lobos de Afuera, March, 1907. ‘‘Cameron del Mar.”’ 
‘*Camerones del Mar” (red), casually very abundant, Callao Bay, June, 1908. 
Ty pe-locality.—Callao Bay. 
Ty pe.—Cat. No. 40484, U.S.N.M. 
Guérin @ says that this species is so abundant in the roadstead of 
Callao that it gives the water the appearance of blood. 


PANULIRUS ORNATUS (Fabricius). 
Plate 52, fig. 1. 
Palinurus ornatus Fasrictus, Ent. Syst., Suppl., 1798, p. 400. 
Palinurus fasciatus DE HAAN, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1849, p. 159, pls. 43, 44, 
fig. 2. 

A large lobster with carapace longitudinally subcylindrical and 
spinous; orbits partially excavated; eyes stout; a long horn-like 
spine behind eacheye. Flagella of first antenne long and slender, the 
segment that carries them produced considerably in advance of the 
frontal margin and bearing four spines. Second antenne sub- 
cylindrical, with strong, spinous, peduncular segments and long, 
rigid multi-articulate flagella. Five pairs of legs similar, third 
longest; not chelate, except fifth pair in female which is subchelate ; 
tips horny. First to sixth abdominal segments nearly smooth, 
produced laterally to a spine; swimming fan spinulous. 

Length of body about 25 cm.; length including antenne about 
56 cm. 

Payta, April 27, 1907. ‘‘Langosta.”’ 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution.—From Lower California to Peru; Indo-Pacific region. 


BITHYNIS CA2MENTARIUS GAUDICHAUDII (Milne Edwards). 
Plate 54, fig. 1. 
Palemon gaudichaudii M1tnE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 400. 
Palemon gaudichaudii Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. 
Mér., vol. 6, 1843, p. 37; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 17, fig. 2. 
A river shrimp or prawn of large size. Body smooth, subcylin- 
drical; abdomen diminishing posteriorly ; first two pairs of legs chelate, 





aVoy. Coquille, vol. 2, pt. 2, 1831, p. 32. 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 561 





second pair very large, unequal. Rostrum short, triangular, with a 
superior crest, dental formula §:3. A spine on anterior margin of 
carapace just outside orbital sinus. Inner antenna with three slender 
flagella; outer antenna with a large scale and a very long flagellum, 
dorso-ventrally flattened. First pair of legs slender; second pair 
stout, spinous, the smaller one as long as the body, the larger one 
one and a half times as long, palm compressed, wider than wrist; 
last three pairs simple, spinulous. Telson subtriangular, with two 
pairs of dorsal spinules, extremity rounded. 

Length of body 16 cm.; total length to end of large claw 37 em. 

Taken at Pacasmayo from a small and rather dirty stream which flows through the 
town, conveying to the bay the surplus water from irrigation ditches supplied from 
the River Jequetepeque, March 12, 1907; common. 

Market of Lima, November 2, 1907. 

Market of Lima, April, 1908. The seller stated that they were brought from Chan- 
cay. 

Market of Lima, April, 1908. Presumably from the Rimac. 

Taken in the Rimac near Villegas (below Lima), November 6, 1907. 

Arequipa, July 26, 1908. 

Mollendo, July 23, 1908. 

Distribution.—From Ecuador to Chile. 


MACROBRACHIUM JAMAICENSE (Herbst). 
Plate 51, fig. 1. 
Cancer (Astacus) jamaicensis HerBst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 2, 1792, 
p. 57, pl. 27, fig. 2. 

Similar to the preceding; rostrum narrower and longer, about as 
long as peduncles of inner antenne, teeth 44:44; an additional spine 
on the carapace behind the marginal spine. Chelipeds of second pair 
equal, spinous; palm slightly compressed, scarcely wider than carpus 
and more than three times as long as wide. 

This species may attain the size of the preceding, but the Peruvian 
specimens are small, body not exceeding 7 cm. 

Taken at Pacasthayo from a small and rather dirty stream which flows through the 
town, conveying to the bay the surplus water from irrigation ditches supplied from the 
River Jequetepeque, March 12, 1907; common. 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution.—Fresh waters of the Pacific slope of America from 
Lower California to Peru; and of the Atlantic slope from Texas to 
Brazil, including the West Indies. 

? PALAMON RITTERI Holmes. 
Plate 53, fig. 1. 
Palxmon rittert Hotmes, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2), vol. 4, 1895, p. 579, pl. 21, 
figs. 29-35. 

A small shrimp, allied to Macrobrachium, with smooth carapace, 

armed with two spines on each side of the anterior margin; rostrum 
Proc. N. M. vol.388—10——36 


562 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


long, thin, acuminate, teeth 73°. Antennal scale about as long as 
rostrum. <All the legs slender; second or larger cheliped smooth, 
reaching well beyond the rostrum. 

One specimen only was taken by Doctor Coker, and differs from 
North American specimens in having the rostrum more arched above 
and not exceeding antennal scale; the second pair of feet extending 
beyond rostrum by length of chela; its carpus longer than one-half 
of merus and longer than palm. As the species of Palemon are very 
variable, I refrain from making a new species on a single specimen. 

Length of body of Peruvian individual 23 mm. 


From salt creeks at La Palisada near Tumbes, February 12, 1908. 


Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution.—San Diego, California; Lower California; Ecuador; 
Peru. 

RHYNCHOCINETES TYPUS Milne Edwards. 
Plate 52, fig. 2. 
Rhynchocinetes typus MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 383.— 
Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, 1843, 
p. 36; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 17, fig. 1. 

A shrimp of medium size, in which the large lamellate rostrum is 
articulated with the carapace; seven spies on anterior margin of 
carapace, of which the median spine is followed by another farther 
back. Rostrum bent strongly upward; superior margin armed with 
two spines near the base and seven or eight denticles near the end; 
inferior margin with about twenty teeth. Eyes short, stout. Inner 
antenne biflagellate; scale of outer antenne long and narrow, flagel- 
lum as long as body. First and second legs chelate; first stout, a 
spine at end of arm and wrist; third, fourth, and fifth legs similar, 
spinulous beneath, third longest of all. Telson long and narrow, 
three pairs of dorsal spinules. 

Length 11 cm. 


Lobos de Afuera, March 22. ‘‘Cameron del Mar.’’ 


Not previously known from Peru. 
Distribution.—Peru; Chile; New Zealand; Australia; Indian Ocean. 


SYNALPHEUS LATASTEI Coutiére. 
Synalpheus tatastei CouTIERE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, 1909, p. 25, text fig. 7. 


Small shrimps having one very heavy claw, attached by slender 
segments to the body. Eyes covered by the translucent carapace. 
A small rostral spine and a similar shorter spine on each side in front 
of eye. Outer antenne with a strong scale bearing a subapical spine; 
inner antenne with a large spine attached to its basal joint. Legs of 
first pair unequal and unsymmetrical, larger chela suboval, somewhat 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 563 


twisted, unarmed; fingers broad, especially the dactylus, locking 
together, tips corneous. Second legs slender, chelate; carpus 5-artic- 
ulate, first article equal to sum of other four; second, third, and fourth 
articles small, subequal; last three legs simple. 

Length of body about 30 mm., in Peruvian specimens about 20 mm. 

Taken in trawl, Bay of Sechura, west of Matacaballa, depth about 5 fathoms, April 
8, 1907. 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution.—Peru; Chile; Australia ? 





Fic. 3.—SYNALPHEUS LATASTEI. AFTER COUTIERE. a, FRONTAL AND ANTENNAL REGION, MALE, AUS- 
TRALIA; @’, FRONTAL AND ANTENNAL REGION, FEMALE, CHILE; C, CARPOCERITE; AK, LARGE CHELA; k’, 
SMALL CHELIPED OF FIRST PAIR; 1, FOOT OF SECOND PAIR; ™, FOOT OF THIRD PAIR. 


SYNALPHEUS TOWNSENDI PERUVIANUS, new subspecies. 
Plate 53, fig. 4. 


Similar in form to the preceding. Rostral spine slender, exceeding 
slightly the frontal spines. Antennular peduncle very long; first 
segment exceeds rostrum by a distance equal to length of second 
segment; second segment one and a half times third; stylocerite 
reaching middle of second segment. Antennal peduncle overreaching 
slightly the antennular peduncle; scale reaching end of antennular 
peduncle; basicerite unarmed above, lateral spine reaching middle 
of first antennular segment. Palm of larger claw ending in a curved 


i 
564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. | 





spine. Distal angles of telson rectangular; inner spine more than 
twice as long as outer spine. 
Length of body of ovigerous female 19.5 mm. . 
The elongate antennular peduncles, which are about half as long as 
carapace, serve to distinguish this form at once from the typical form 
of S. townsendi Coutiére.? 
Ty pe-locality.— Oyster beds of Matapalo (near Capon), January 23, 
1908. 
Type. 





Cat. No. 40503, U.S.N.M. 
PENEUS STYLIROSTRIS (Stimpson.) 
Plate 53, fig. 2. 
Penxus stylirostris Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, p. 134. 


Body strongly compressed; carapace carinated; aspine on anterior | 
margin and one behind it; rostrum long and slender, reaching beyond 
antennular peduncles, teeth * 3°, no teeth above near the extremity. 
Eyes very large, sunk in the hollowed antennules. Antennular 
flagella longer than peduncle; inner flagellum much longer than outer, 
Antennal flagella twice as long as body. Legs slender, first three 
pairs chelate. Fifth and sixth segments of abdomen carinate ; telson | 
narrow-triangular, furrowed, unarmed, greatly exceeded by appen- 
dages of sixth segment. 

Length about 15 cm., of Peruvian specimens 4 to 5 em. 

From salt creeks at La Palisada near Tumbes, February 12, 1908. ‘‘Camerones del | 
Mar.”’ 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution.—Panama; Peru. 


PENEUS BREVIROSTRIS Kingsley. 
Plate 54, fig. 2. 


Peneus brevirostris KINGSLEY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1878, p. 98. 
Penxus californiensis Hotmes, Occas. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 218, 
pl. 4, figs. 64-69. 


Similar to the preceding. The carina of the carapace is accented 
by a groove on either side extending its whole length; on the carapace, 
in addition to the two spines of P. stylirostris, there is a small marginal 
spine above the eye and a short crest running back from it. Rostrum 
shorter than antennular peduncles, teeth ®*$°, tip unarmed. <An-| 
tennular flagella scarcely longer than peduncle; inner flagellum) 
shorter than outer. Antennal flagellum not twice as long as body. 
Fourth, fifth, and sixth segments of abdomen carinate. 

The body attains a length of 19 cm. Peruvian specimens are| 
about 11 em. | 


a Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, 1909, p. 32, text fig. 14. 





NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 565 


Taken in trawl, Bay of Sechura, west of Matacaballa, depth about 5 fathoms, April 
8, 1907. ‘‘Camerones del Mar.”’ 

Not previously known from Peru. 

Distribution.—From San Francisco Bay, California, to Peru; 
Galapagos Islands. 


CHLORIDELLA DUBIA (Milne Edwards). 
Plate 54, fig. 3. 
Squilla dubia M1tNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 522. 


A stomatopod or mantis shrimp. Carapace small, not covering 
the last four segments of the thorax; rostrum oblong-triangular; 
eye stalks dilated, cornexw oblique, corneal shorter than peduncular 
axis; first five pairs of thoracic limbs serving as accessory mouth 
parts, the second pair strongly developed into large raptorial limbs 
in which the dactylus bears six spines and closes on the manus like 
the blade of a penknife; last three pairs of thoracic limbs ambulatory, 
bearing a lateral appendage on the penult segment; lateral spine 
of fifth thoracic segment curved. Abdomen large, its first five 
segments carry tufted gills on the exopods, and have eight longi- 
tudinal dorsal carine; swimming fan large; telson wider than long, 
with a median crest and a row of pits on each side; six marginal 
spines, intervening denticles 1-3, 3-4, 1; basal process of uropods two- 
spined, inner spine longer. 

Length 12 to 13 cm. 

Mouth of River Tumbes, January 15,1908. ‘Cameron brujo” (=the wizard shrimp). 
The ‘‘cameron brujo” is much feared by the fishermen and is said to inflict a very 
severe wound. My guide received a bad wound in the foot while wading, and attri- 
buted it to a ‘‘cameron brujo.’’? Exopodite and endopodite of last pair of abdominal 
limbs (uropods) red. 

Taken in casting net at mouth of river Tumbes (Isla Santa Lucia), January 15, 1908. 
Color olivaceous, barred with red. A broad red bar on each segment of thoracic and 

abdominal regions, this color being especially deep on the six longitudinal ridges, 

-Telson mainly red, bluish in median region, the margin white, with a band of blue 
just interior to the white. Cephalic shield olivaceous, with narrow red streaks on the 
longitudinal ridges. ‘‘Arms” bluish. 


y 


Distribution.—Ecuador; Peru; also South Carolina and Georgia. 
PSEUDOSOQUILLA LESSONII (Guérin). 


ae Plate 52, fig. 3. 


~ 


Squilla lessonii GuERIN, Voy. Coquille, Atlas, Crust., 1830, pl. 4, fig. 1. 
Squilla cerisii GUERIN, Voy. Coquille, vol. 2, pt. 2, 1831, p. 40. 


; 
| A mantis shrimp, with body more cylindrical than the preceding; 
Tostrum pentagonal, three-spined; corneal greater than peduncular 


axis; dactylus of raptorial limb three-spined; no spine on_ fifth 
thoracic segment. First five abdominal segments smooth; telson 


| 


| 


566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 38. 


with median crest and ten other carine; submedian spines with 
movable tips; denticles 0, 2, 1; basal process of uropods three- 
spined, outer spine longest. 

Length 13 to 134 em. 

Callao, January 29, 1907. 


Distribution.—From Wilmington, California, to Chile. 


LYSIOSQUILLA DECEMSPINOSA, new species. 
Plate 53, fig. 3. 


A mantis shrimp with depressed body; rostrum transversely 
oblong, with a median spine, anterior angles produced. Eye stalks 
short, stout, cylindrical; cornez globular. Dactylus of raptorial claw 
with ten spines. Abdomen dorsally smooth; six marginal spines on 
telson; intermediate denticles, 9, 1, 0, almost concealed in dorsal 
view by the overhanging margin; basal prolongation of uropods 
armed with two long spines. 

Length about 24 mm. 

Near L. armata Smith,? which is larger and has a different arrange- 
ment of spines on the telson. 

Ty pe-locality.—Capon. 

Living in vertical holes in the muddy sand of the inside beach at Capon. Small 
yellow eggs were often noted attached to the sides of the holes. January 30, 1908. 


Type.—Cat. No. 40498, U.S.N.M. 


LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL WORKS RELATING TO THE STALK-EYED 
CRUSTACEAN FAUNA OF THE PERUVIAN PROVINCE. 


Bett, THomas. On Microrhynchus, a new Genus of Triangular Crabs. Proc. Zool. 
Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (published Sept. 25, 1835), p. 88. 

—— Observations on the Genus Cancer of Dr. Leach (Platycarcinos, Latr.), with 
Descriptions of three New Species. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (pub- 
lished Sept. 25, 1835), pp. 86-88. 

Observations on the Genus Cancer of Dr. Leach (Platycarcinus, Latr.), with 

Descriptions of three new Species. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 1, 1835, pp. 

335-342, pls. 43-47. Quarto. 

~ Some Account of the Crustacea of the Coasts of South America, with Descrip- 
tions of New Genera and Species; founded principally on the Collections obtained 
by Mr. Cuming and Mr. Miller (Tribus 1, Oxyrhynchi.). Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 
vol. 3, 1835 (published Feb. 24, 1836), pp. 169-173. 

——— Some Account of the Crustacea of the Coasts of South America, with Descrip- 
tions of new Genera and Species: founded principally on the Collections obtained 
by Mr. Cuming and Mr. Miller. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, pp. 39-66, 
pls. 8-13. Quarto. 

Bouvier, E.-L. Crustacés décapodes nouveaux recueillis 4 Paita (Pérou) par M. le 
Dr. Rivet. Bull. Mus. hist. nat., Paris, 1907, no. 2, pp. 113-116, text figs. 1-3. 
—— Arctus delfiniSp. Nov. Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 13, 1909, pp. 213-215, 

text fig. 30. 








Cano, Gavrno. Crostacei Brachiuri ed Anomuri raccolti nel viaggio della Vettor 
Pisani intorno al globo. Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli (1), vol. 3, 1889, pp. 79-105, 
169-268. 


a@See Bigelow, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 503. 


No. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 567 


CouTiERE, Henrr. The American Species of Snapping Shrimps of the Genus Synal- 
pheus. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, no. 1659, 1909, pp. 1-93, text figs. 1-54. 
CUNNINGHAM, Rosert O. Notes on the Reptiles, Amphibia, Fishes, Mollusca, and 
Crustacea obtained during the voyage of H. M.S. Nassau in the years 1866-69. 
Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 27, 1871, pp. 465-502y pls. 58, 59. Quarto. Crus- 

tacea, pp. 491-501, pl. 59. 

Dana, James D. United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 
1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S. N. Vol. 13. 
Quarto. Part 1, 1852, pp. i-vili, 1-685. Part 2, 1853, pp. 686-1618. Atlas, folio, 
1855, 96 plates. 

Dor.eIn, F. Amerikanische Dekapoden der k. bayerischen Staatssammlungen. 
Sitzungsb. math.-phys. Cl. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen, vol. 29, 1899, pp. 177-195. 

Weitere Mitteilungen tiber dekapode Crustaceen der k. bayerischen Staats- 

sammlungen. Sitzungsb. math.-phys. Cl. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen, 1900, pp. 125- 

145, text figs. 1-3. 

Epwarps, [H.] Minne. Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés. 3 vols. of text, and atlas. 
Paris. 1834-1840. 

Epwarps, [H.] Mrtng, and H. Lucas. Crustacés, in, Voyage dans |’ Amérique Méri- 
dionale (ie Brésil, la République orientale de Uruguay, la République Argen- 
tine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la Répub- 
lique du Pérou) exécuté pendant les Années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 
1832, et 1833, par Alcide d’Orbigny. Tome Sixiéme; 1 Partie, Paris, 1843, 
quarto, pp. 1-39. Tome Neuviéme, Atlas zoologique, Paris, 1847, quarto, pls. 
1-17. Usually catalogued under d’Orbigny. 

Faxon, Water. Reports on an Exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central 
and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, 
by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, during 1891, Lieut.-Commander 
Z.L. Tanner, U.S. N., commanding. XV. The Stalk-Eyed Crustacea. Mem. 
Mus. Comp. Zodél. at Harvard College, vol. 18, 1895, pp. 1-292, pls. A-J, 1-57. 
Quarto. 

GuERIN MbNEVILLE, F. C. Crustacés, in, Voyage autour du Monde, Exécuté par 

Ordre du Roi, Sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 

1823, 1824, et 1825, par M. L. I. Duperrey. Zoologie, par M. Lesson. Tome 

Second. 2° Partie. Paris, 1830 [1831]. Quarto. [Crustacés, pp. 9-47.] Atlas, 

folio, pls. 1-5. 1830. Usually catalogued under the name of Duperrey. 

The plates of Crustacea were published in 1830, as follows: Pls. | and 3, Jan. 
1830; pls. 2 and 4, Apr. 1830; pl. 5, Dec. 1830. Although the volume of text 
is dated 1830, it was not published until 1831, pp. 1-216 of Crustacés and Insectes 
appearing Nov. 12, 1831. 

‘observations sur les Porcellanes.’? Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. France, 1835, pp. 
115-116. 

Crustacés du Voyage de la Favorite. Mag. de Zool., vol. 8, 1838, cl. vir, pp. 
1-8, pls. 23-26. Porcellanes du Chili, pp. 5-8, pls. 25-26. Key to nine species. 
Crustacés, in, Voyage autour du Monde par les mers de |’Inde et de Chine 

exécuté sur la corvette de V’état La Favorite pendant les années 1830, 1831, et 

1832 sous le commandement de M. Laplace, Capitaine de Frégate. Vol. 5, 1839, 

pp. 169-176, pls. 49-52. 

Porcellanes du Chili, pp. 173-176, pls. 51-52. Reprinted from article in Mag. 

de Zool., vol. 8, 1838. 

Hetier, Camm. Crustaceen, in, Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um 
die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858,1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. 
von Wiillerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. IIL Abtheilung. 
Wien. 1865. Quarto. 1. Crustaceen, pp. 1-280, pls. 1-25. 

KINAHAN, JOHN Ropert. Remarks on Crustacea collected in Peru, the High Seas, 
and South Australia; with descriptions of undescribed species. Jour. Roy. 
Soc. Dublin, vol. 1, 1857, pp. 328-352, pl. 14. 





568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. You. 38. 








Lenz, Hernricu. Die Crustaceen der Sammlung Plate. (Decapoda und Stomato- 
poda.) Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Suppl. vol. 5, 1902, pp. 731-772, pl. 23. 

Miers, Epwarp J. On a Collection of Crustacea, Decapoda and Isopoda, chiefly 
from South America, with descriptions of new Genera and Species. Proc. Zool. 
Soc. London, 1877, pp. 653-679, pls. 66-69. 

— Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M.S. Challenger during 
the years 1873-76. Zoology. Vol. 17. 1886. Report on the Brachyura col- 
lected by H. M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Pp. i-l, 1-362, pls. 1-29. 

Nicoter. Crustaceos, in, Historia fisica y politica de Chile, por Claudio Gay; Zoolo- 
gia, vol. 3, Paris, 1849. Octavo. Pp. 115-318. Atlas, folio, 4 plates. 

Nosint, Giusepre: Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nella Repubblica dell’Ecuador e 
regioni vicine. I. Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 12, 
no. 275, Feb. 15, 1897, pp. 1-6. 

— Decapodi e Stomatopodi raccolti dal Dr. Enrico Festa nel Darien, a Curagao, 

La Guayra, Porto Cabello, Colon, Panama, ecc. Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. 

R. Univ. Torino, vol. 12, no. 280, Mar. 15, 1897, pp. 1-8, 1 text fig. 

Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nella Repubblica dell’ Ecuador e regioni vicine. 
23. Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, Dec. 30, 
1901, pp. 1-58. 

——— Decapodi raccolti dal Dr. Filippo Silvestri nell’America meridionale. 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 402, 1901, pp. 1-15, 
text figs. 1-2. 

Decapodi raccolti dal Dr. F. Silvestri nell Chile. Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., 
vol. 6, 1902, pp. 233-238. 

Extracted from the preceding paper. 

OrtTMANN, A. Die Decapoden—Krebse des Strassburger Museums, mit besonderer 
Beriicksichtigung der von Herrn Dr. Déderlein bei Japan und bei den Liu- 
Kiu Inseln gesammelten und z. Z. im Strassburger Museum aufbewahrten 
Formen. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., vol. 5, 1891, pp. 437-542, pls. 36 and 37 (part 1); 
pp. 693-750, pl. 47 (part 2); vol. 6, 1891, pp. 1-58, pl. 1 (part 3); vol. 6, 1892, pp. 
241-326, pls. 11 and 12 (part 4); pp. 532-588, pl. 26 (part 5); vol. 7, 1893, pp. 23- 
88, pl. 3 (part 6); pp. 411-495, pl. 17 (part 7); vol. 7, 1894, pp. 683-772, pl. 23 
(part 8). 

OrtTMANN, ARNOLD E. Carcinologische Studien. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., vol. 10, 1897, 
pp. 258-372, pl. 17. 

Pururrr, R. A. Carcinologische Mittheilungen. Zool. Anz., vol. 17, 1894, pp. 264— 
266. 

Porter, Cartos E. Catalogo de los Crust&éceos Malacostraceos de Chile. Revista 
Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 6, 1902, pp. 286-290. 

——— Carcinolojia Chilena. Breve nota acerca de los Crustaceos colectados en 
Coquimbo por el Dr. F. T. Delfin i descripcion de una nueva especie. Revista 
Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 7, 1903, pp. 147-153, text fig. 2. 

——— Carcinolojia Chilena. Descripcion de un Nuevo Galatéido. Revista Chilena 
Hist. Nat., vol. 7, 1903, pp. 274-277, pl. 17, text figs. 8-9. 

——— Materiales para la Fauna Carcinolojica de Chile. 1.—Observaciones sobre los 
Lithodide. Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 7, 1903, pp. 257-267, pl. 16, text 
fig. 6. , 

——— Materiales para la Fauna Carcinoléjica de Chile. 3.—Algunos datos sobre 
los Parasticidos. Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 8, 1904, pp. 254-261, pl. 9, 
text figs. 24 and 25. 

——— Materiales para la Fauna Carcinoléjica de Chile. 4.—Sobre algunos Crus- 
taceos de Juan Fernandez. Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 9, 1905, pp. 27-35, 
pls. 2-4, text fig. 1. 

——— Materiales para la Fauna Carcinoléjica de Chile. 6.—Nueva especie de la 

Fam. Homolide. Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1908, pp. 86-88, pl. 8. 











a 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 569 

Porter, Cartos E. Materiales para la fauna Carcinoldéjica de Chile. 7.—-La Familia 
Pinnotheride. Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 13, 1909, pp. 245-249. 

RatHBun, Mary J. The Brachyura collected by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer 
Albatross on the voyage from Norfolk, Virginia, to San Francisco, California, 
1887-1888. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 567-616, pls. 41-44. 

Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos Expedition, 1898-1899. 8, 

Brachyura and Macrura. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, pp. 275-292, pl. 

12, text figs. 1-4. 

Les Crabes d’eau douce (Potamonidee). Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris 

(4), vol. 6, 1904, pp. 225-312, pls. 9-18, text figs. 1-37; vol. 7, 1905, pp. 159-321, 

pls. 12-22, text figs. 38-105; vol. 8, 1906, pp. 1-122, text figs. 106-124. 

Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific, 

in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, 

from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., 

commanding. IX. 

Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical 
Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer 
Albatross, from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut.-Commander L. M. Garrett, 
U.S. N., commanding. X. The Brachyura. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l. at Har- 
vard College, vol. 35, no. 2, 1907, pp. 21-74, pls. 1-9. 

South American Crustacea. Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 11, 1907, pp. 
45-50, pls. 2-3, 1 text fig. 

SaussurE, H. pe. Description de quelques Crustacés Nouveaux de la céte occi- 
dentale du Mexique. Rey. et Mag. de Zool. (2), vol. 5, 1853, pp. 354-368, pls. 
12, 13: 

Smiru, Srpney I. Notes on New or little known Species of American Cancroid Crus- 
tacea. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869, pp. 274-289. 

Notes on American Crustacea. No. I. Ocypodoidea. Trans. Conn. Acad. 
Sci., vol. 2, 1870, pp. 113-176, pls. 2-5. 

Stimpson, WititrAM. Notes on North American Crustacea, in the Museum of the 
Smithsonian Institution. No. III. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, 
pp. 92-136. 

Srreets, T. HALE. Notice of some Crustacea of the Genus Libinia, with descriptions 
of four new Species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, pp. 104-107. 

















APPROXIMATE LATITUDES OF PERUVIAN LOCALITIES MENTIONED 
IN THIS PAPER. 


Capon, Matapalo, Puerto Grande, Las Vacas, Salto, mouth of Rio de 
Tumbes (Tumbez); also Boca Alamo, La Palisada, and Isla Santa Lucia. 3° 30/8. 


CNL eee eae eS Me eR Ss het eM ee, Se he See 2 oy DOM: 
tov nayid) aid Caleta COLON... 52. 3. ca use de deea dei cee wens asec: 5 00 8. 
Sechura Bay; also Matacaballa and Bayovar...................-.-------- 5 408. 
Lobos Islands, northern (Lobos de Tierra). ........-..-.---------.------ 6 30S. 
Lobos Islands, southern (Lobos de Afuera).....-.-...-.-.--.------------- 7 00 S. 
eee AEA) Mier. sere BS ee hea a ae alee ne al seta no Moe 5 fe 7 208. 
Chimbote Bay (or Perro! Bay) .2.6 2.0... oe ca08 ces acct ke dinuinsctiessess 9 05S. 
Anconand,rescadores Islands. :...2..-222.:-2-tsc--seseccd- neces eee ee ll 45S. 
Callao, Lima, La Punta, and San Lorenzo Island; also mouth of the Rimac. 12. 04 8. 
Rae OE ORICA sr ic casas hse c as tgg a sy Cun SAUae ee Mee R ea RaSeles nepees 12 30S. 
eiscorand: Ohinchna Islands: <,.02si.2 -i.s.- 2 oo eo eee oe eat See cee cee = 13 45 S. 
iG Sper CMGIA AY «25 cra ave ae on ai ey See ein nda sinloneedeecnes 14 15S. 
Besatrey GIT tree esa cet ee ape eres chara ada arate era Sere sie = 20.59 pred 16 20 8. 


IVT ca errr oes ces ete Rh es a ane yond orga ae ae Moe See Saeed oe Sin L7 00'S. 


570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


LIST OF SPECIES OCCURRING FROM PANAMA TO THE ISLAND OF 
CHILOE. 


Class: CHhUSTACGE FL 


Order DECAPODA. 


Tribe BRACHYGNATHA. 
Family HYMENOSOMID£. 


Genus HALICARCINUS White. 


HALICARCINUS PLANATUS (Fabricius). 

Cancer planatus Fasricrus, Ent. Syst., vol. 2, 1793, p. 446.— 
ITymenosoma ? tridentatum JacquinotT, in Hombron and 
Jacquinot, Voy. au Pdle Sud, Zool., vol. 3, 1852(?%), Crust., 
p. 60; atlas of zool., pl. 5, figs. 27-33 (tridentata). Chile to 
Straits of Magellan; Antarctic region. 


Family INACHID. 
Subfamily INACHIN 4“. 


Genus STENORYNCHUS Lamarck. 


STENORYNCHUS DEBILIS (Smith). 
Leptopodia sagittaria M1LNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s 
Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 3; vol. 9, atlas, 
1847, pl. 4, fig. 3 (not L. sagittaria Leacn).—Leptopodia 
debilis SmMirn, Ann. Rept. Peabody Acad. Sci. for 1870 
(1871), p. 87. Lower California to Chile; Galapagos Islands. 
Low-water mark to 31 fathoms. 


Genus PODOCHELA Stimpson. 


PODOCHELA MARGARITARIA Rathbun. 
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 283, pl. 12, fig. 12. 
Galapagos Islands, on reef and at 12 fathoms. 


Genus INACHOIDES Milne Edwards and Lucas. 


INACHOIDES MICRORHYNCUS Milne Edwards and Lucas. See page 533.4 
Peru; Chile. 


INACHOIDES INORNATUS A. Milne Edwards. 
Jour. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 4, 1873, p. 77. Valparaiso ? (Ort- 
mann). 


INACHOIDES LAEVIS Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1860, p. 192. Panama. 


a This and similar citations refer to preceding pages of this paper. 

b A. Milne Edwards gives for the locality ‘‘les fles Viti,’? but Ortmann, Zool. 
Jahrb. Syst., vol. 7,°1893, p. 38, says that the original specimen is labeled *‘Val- 
paraiso.”’ 


IN 


o 
~! 
—" 


NO. 1766, STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 


Genus EURYPODIUS Guérin. 


EURYPODIUS LATREILLI Guérin. 
Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 16, 1828, p. 354, pl. 14. From 
Peru via Straits of Magellan to te de Janeiro, Brazil; 

Falkland Islands. 


Genus DASYGYIUS Rathbun. 


DASYGYIUS GIBBOSUS (Bell). 

Microrhynchus gibbosus Bei, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 3, 
1835, p. 88; Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 41 
pl. 8, fig. 1. Galapagos Islands, 6 fathoms. 

DASYGYIUS DEPRESSUS (Bell). 
Microrhynchus ee BELL, Proc. Zool. Soc. on vol. 3, 
1835, p. 88; Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 42, 
pl. 8, fie. 2. Gulf of California; Galapagos Islands. 6 to 
264 fathoms. 
DASYGYIUS TUBERCULATUS (Lockington). 

Inachus tuberculatus Locxrneton, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., vol. 7, 
1876 (1877), p. 30.—Dasygyius tuberculatus Ratupun, Har- 
riman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 172, pl. 10, figs. 3, 
3a, text fig. 92. From Alamitos Bay, California, to Panama 
Bay. 4 to 33 fathoms. 


Subfamily ACANTHON YCHIN 4. 


Genus EPIALTUS Milne Edwards. 


EPIALTUS DENTATUS Milne Edwards. 
Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 345. Panama (?); Peru; 
Chile; western Patagonia. 
EPIALTUS MARGINATUS Bell. See page 534. 
Galapagos Islands; Peru to Chile; Rio de Janeiro (7%). 
EPIALTUS BITUBERCULATUS Milne Edwards. 
Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 345, pl. 14, fig. 1A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Ree Mex., 1878, p. 139, pl. 27, figs. 1-3 
Southern California to Chile; Florida to Rio de Janeiro. 


Genus LEUCIPPA Milne Edwards. 
LEUCIPPA PENTAGONA Milne Edwards. 
Ann. Soc. Ent., France, vol. 2, 1833, p. 517, pl. 18, figs. 1 and 
2 (pantagona). Magdalena Bay, Lower Calories from 
Chile to Rio de Janeiro. To a depth of 52 fathoms 


Genus ACANTHON YX Latreille 


ACANTHONYX PETIVERII Milne Edwards. See page 534. 
Cape St. Lucas to Chile; Galapagos Islands; east coast of tropi- 
‘cal America. 


572 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Genus EUPLEURODON Stimpson. 


EUPLEURODON TRIFURCATUS Stimpson. See page 535. 
Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; Peru. 


Subfamily PISIN A. 
Genus CHIONCGE:CETES Kr¢yer. 


CHIONGCETES CHILENSIS Streets. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 106. Chile. 


Genus LIBIDOCLAA Milne Edwards and Lucas. 


LIBIDOCLAZA GRANARIA Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
D’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 8; vol. 9, 
atlas, 1847, pl. 3, fig. 1; pl. 4, fig. 1. Valparaiso, Chile. 


Genus PISOIDES Milne Edwards and Lueas. 


PISOIDES TUBERCULOSUS Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
D’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 11; vol. 9, 
atlas, 1847, pl. 5, fig. 1. Chile. © 
PISOIDES EDWARDSII (Bell). 
Hyas edwardsii Bru, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 3, 1835 
(1836), p. 171; Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 
49, pl. 9, fig. 5. Panama; Galapagos Islands; Chile; 
Straits of Magellan. 


Genus NOTOLOPAS Stimpson. 


NOTOLOPAS LAMELLATUS Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., ‘vol. 10, 1871, p. 97.—Mrngs, 
Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, pp. 64 and 65, pl. 8, 

fig. le. Manzanillo, Mexico, to Panama. 


Genus PELIA Bell. 


PELIA PULCHELLA Bell. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 170; Trans. 


Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 45, pl. 9, fig. 2. Gala- 
pagos Islands, 6 fathoms. 
PELIA PACIFICA A. Milne Edwards. 
Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 73, pl. 16, fig. 3. Magdalena Bay (2), 
Lower California; Panama. 


Genus LIBINIA Leach. 


LIBINIA ROSTRATA Bell. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 169; Trans. 


Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 42, pl. 8, fig. 3. Peru, 
5 fathoms, 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATUBUN. 573 





LIBINIA SPINOSA Milne Edwards. 
Guérin’s Icon., Crust., pl. 9, fig. 3; Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, 
p.301. Chile, rare (Nicolet); Patagonia; Argentina; Brazil. 
LIBINIA SUBSPINOSA Sireets. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 105. Chile. 


Genus HERBSTIA Milne Edwards. 
HERBSTIA EDWARDSII Bell. 

Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 170; Trans. 
Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 46, pl. 9, fig. 3. Gala- 
pagos Islands, 6 fathoms. 

HERBSTIA PYRIFORMIS (Bell). 

Rhodia pyriformis BELL, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 
(1836), p. 170; Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, 
p. 44, pl. 9, fig. 1. Galapagos Islands, 6 fathoms. 


Genus LISSA Leach. 
LISSA AURIVILLIUSI Rathbun. 

Proc. U.S: Nat. Mus:, vol. 21, 1898, p. 575, pl..41, fig. 4. Of 
Lower California, 12 to 31 fathoms; Galapagos Islands, on 
reef, 

Subfamily SCHIZOPHRYSIN 2. 


Genus PARAMITHRAX Milne Edwards. 
PARAMITHRAX PERONII Milne Edwards. 
Paramithrax peronit MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 
1834, p. 324.—JacqurinoT and Lucas, Voy. au Pole Sud, 
Zool., vol. 3, 1853, Crust., p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 3. Juan Fer- 
nandez; Australia; New Zealand. 


Genus TYCHE Bell. 
TYCHE LAMELLIFRONS Bell. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 173; Trans. Zool. 
Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 58, pl. 12, fig. 3. Gulf of Cali- 
fornia, 7 fathoms; Panama. 


Genus PITHO Bell. 
PITHO SEXDENTATA Bell. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 172.—Othonia 
sex-dentata Bei, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 
56, pl. 12, fig. 1. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; Gala- 
pagos Islands. 
PITHO QUINQUEDENTATA Bell. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 172.—Othonia 
quinque-dentata Bri, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 
1836, p. 57, pl. 12, fig. 2. Gulf of California to Panama; 
Galapagos Islands; Payta, Peru (7%). 


574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


Genus MACROCCZLOMA Miers. 


MACROC@LOMA VILLOSUM (Bell). 

Pericera villosa Brtu, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, ae 3 isso 
(1836), p: 173; faeane. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2 1836, p. 59, 
pl. 12, fig. 4. Cape St. Lucas, Lower ee Bay of 
Guayaquil, Ecuador. 


Genus STENOCIONOPS Leach, 


STENOCIONOPS OVATA (Bell). 
Pericera ovata Bey, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), 
p. 173; Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 60, pl. 12, 


fig. 5. Galapagos Islands, 6 fathoms. 


Genus MICROPHRYS Milne Edwards. 


MICROPHRYS WEDDELLI Milne Edwards. 
Microphrys weddelli Mitneé Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), Zool., 

vol. 16, 1851, p. 251 [31], pl. 10, figs. 1 and 2.— Microphrys 
weddelliti A. MrtnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1873, pl. 

14, figs. 1, 1c; 1875, p. 60. Ecuador; Peru; Guadeloupe. 


oD 


MICROPHRYS PLATYSOMA (Stimpson). See page 535. 
Lower California to Peru; Galapagos Islands; Porto Rico 


MICROPHRYS ACULEATUS (Bell). See page 536. . 
Galapagos Islands; Ecuador; Peru. 
MICROPHRYS BRANCHIALIS Rathbun. 
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 577, pl. 41, fig. 5. Lower 
California and Gulf of California; Galapagos Islands. On 
reef, and from 12 to 48 fathoms. 


Genus MITHRAX Latreille. 


MITHRAX ROSTRATUS Bell. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. bene vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 171; Trans. Zool. 


Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 51, pl. 10, fig. 1. West coast of 
South America aS 


MITHRAX BELLII Gerstacker. 
Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, p. 112.— Mithraz ursus BELL, 
Proc. Zool. Soe. London, Di 3, 1835 (1836), p. 171; Trans. 
Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 52, pl. 10, figs. 2 and 3. 
Galapagos [stands Chile. 
MITHRAX PYGMAUS Bell. 
Proc. Zool. Soe. sondee vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 172; Trans. Zool. 
Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 55, pl. 11, fig. 8. Panama, 10 
fathoms. 


~ 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA Ol PERU—RATHBUN. 575 


MITHRAX TRIGONOPUS Cano. 
Mitrax trigonopus Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli (1), vol. 3, 1889, 


cy 


p. 183, pl. 7, fig. 8. Panama. 


MITHRAX TUMIDUS (Cano). 
Mitraculus tumidus Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli (1), vol. 3, 1889, 


p. 186, pl. 7, fig. 7. Payta, Peru. 


MITHRAX NODOSUS Bell. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 171; Trans. Zool. 
Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 53, pl. 11, fig. 1. Galapagos 


Islands; Chile. 


MITHRAX DENTICULATUS Bell. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, yor 3, 1835 (1836), b. 172; Trans. Zool. 


Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 54, pl. 11, fig. 2. Lower Cali- 
fornia to Ecuador; (Ghanaeds Te incl 


MITHRAX AREOLATUS Lockington. 
Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 71 [9]. Gulf of Cali- 
fornia; Pearl Islands, pe of earn 


MITHRAX SPINIPES (Bell). 
Pisa spinipes BELL, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), 


p. 171; Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 50, pl. 9, 
fig. 6. Gulf of California, 33 fathoms; Galapagos Islands, 
16 fathoms; Sancta Elena, Ecuador, 6 fathoms. 


Genus THELEOPHRYS Stimpson. 


TELEOPHRYS CRISTULIPES Stimpson. See page 536. 
Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, to Peru; Galapagos Islands; 
Brazil. 
Genus THOE Bell. 


THOE EROSA Bell. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 171; Trans. Zool. 


Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 48, pl. 9, fig. 4. Panama; 
Galapagos Islands; Ecuador. 


THOE SULCATA Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1860, p. 177.—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex 1875, pl. 19, fig. 5; 1878, p. 121. 
Lower Ganges to Paname Bay 


THOE PANAMENSIS Nobili. 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, 


1901, p. 30. Panama; Ecuador. 


5076 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Family PARTHENOPIDA. 





Subfamily PARTHEHNOPIN 24. 
Genus PARTHENOPE Weber. 


PARTHENOPE (PARTHENOPE) HYPONCUS (Stimpson). 
Lambrus hyponcus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 
10, 1871, p. 100.—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 
1878, p. 153, pl. 30, fig. 3. Mazatlan, Mexico; Panama. 


Genus SOLENOLAMBRUS Stimpson. 


SOLENOLAMBRUS ARCUATUS Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, p. 101. Panama. 


Genus HETEROCRYPTA Stimpson. 


HETEROCRYPTA MACROBRACHIA Stimpson. 

Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, p. 103.—A. MiLnzE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 167, pl. 29, fig. 3. 
Magdalena Bay, Lower California, 12 to 51 fathoms; 
Mexico; Panama. 


Family EURYALIDA (=CORYSTID). 
Genus BELLIA Milne Edwards. 


BELLIA PICTA Milne Edwards. 
Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), vol. 9, 1848, p. 192. Peru; Chile. 


Genus CORYSTOIDES Milne Edwards and Lueas. 


CORYSTOIDES CHILENSIS Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
D’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 32; vol. 9, 
atlas, 1847, pl. 16, fig. 1. Valparaiso, Chile. 


Genus GOMEZA Gray. 


GOMEZA SERRATA Dana. 
Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 305; atlas, 1855, pl. 
18, fig. 7. Callao, Peru; Calbuco, Chile; Patagonia, 50 
fathoms. 


Genus PSEUDOCORYSTES Milne Edwards. 


PSEUDOCORYSTES SICARIUS (Peeppig). 
Corystes sicarius Paprie, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1836, 
p. 139.—Pseudocorystes armatus MILNE Epwarps and Lucas, 
d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 30; 
vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 15, fig. 2. Mollendo, Peru; Chile; 
Straits of Magellan. 


= 


No. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. DET 





family PORTUNID. 
Subfamily LIOCARCININ 2%. 
Genus OVALIPES Rathbun. 
OVALIPES BIPUSTULATUS (Milne Edwards). 

Platyonichus bipustulatus MiLNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., 
vol. 1, 1834, p. 437, pl. 17, figs. 7-10. Chile; Juan Fernan- 
dez; Patagonia; Argentina; also Japan, New Zealand, Cape 
of Good Hope, ete. 

Subfamily PORTUNIN ZX. 
Genus CALLINECTES Stimpson. 
CALLINECTES TOXOTES Ordway. See page 536. 
Cape St. Lucas to Peru. 


CALLINECTES ARCUATUS Ordway. Sce page 537. 
Lower California to Peru. 


Genus ARENAUS Dana. 


ARENZUS MEXICANUS (Gerstecker). See page 537 
West coast of Mexico to Peru. 


Genus PORTUNUS Weber. 
PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) ACUMINATUS (Stimpson). Sve page 538. 
Panama, to Peru. 
PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) XANTUSII (Stimpson). 

Acheloiis xantusii Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 
vol. 7, 1860, p. 222.— Neptunus xantusii A. MILNE Ep- 
WARDS, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 213, pl. 38, fig. 1; pl. 39, 
fig. 4. Puget Sound; from San Pedro, California, to Chile. 

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) PANAMENSIS (Stimpson). 

Acheloiis panamensis Srimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 
vol. 10, 1871, p. 112. From Gulf of California and Magda- 
lena Bay, west coast of Lower California, to Panama. 

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) TRANSVERSUS (Stimpson). 

Acheloiis transversus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 
vol. 10, 1871, p. 111. Manzanillo, Mexico; Panama Bay, 
7 fathoms. 

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) SPINIMANUS Latreille. 

Portunus spinimanus LATREILLE, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., vol. 
28, 1819, p. 47. America; common on coasts of Brazil.— 
Acheloiis spinimanus A. MiLNéE Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. 
Nat., Paris, vol. 10, 1861, p. 341, pl. 32. The figures prob- 
ably represent the species, but the locality, Chile, is very 
likely erroneous. Chile (A. Milne Edwards); Virginia to 
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.¢ 





@ Acheloiis smithii Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, 1908, p. 386 
et seq., text figs. 32, 33, is based on a comparison with the enlarged figure of a very 
young specimen of A. spinimanus A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, pl. 39, 
fig. 2. This figure was copied by Professor Verrill and labeled “about } nat. size.”’ 


Proce. N. M.vol.88—10——37 


578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





meat = | 
PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) BREVIMANUS (Faxon). 
Acheloiis brevimanus Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 18, 
1895, p. 23. San Benedicto Island, Lower California, to | 

Cocos Island, Central America; Galapagos Islands. To a — 

depth of 66 fathoms. . 
PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) ANGUSTUS Rathbun. . 
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 594, pl. 44, fig. 2. Galapa- 7 

gos Islands, on reef, and also from 12 to 20 fathoms. | 


PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) STANFORDI Rathbun. 
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 282, pl. 12, fig. 11. 
Galapagos Islands, on reef. 


Subfamily THALAMITIN 4. 


Genus CRONIUS Stimpson. 


CRONIUS EDWARDSII (Lockington). 
Amphitrite edwardsii LocKineTon, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 
1876 (1877), p. 43 [3]. Lower California to Ecuador. 


Subfamily PODOPHTHALMIN 4. 


Genus EUPHYLAX Stimpson. 
EUPHYLAX DOVII Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7; 1860, -p2226, pk S)ier 5 
Mexico (?); west coast of Central Haneries to Payta, Peru. 


family POTAMONIDE. 
Subfamily POTAMONIN 4. 


Genus POTAMON Savigny. 
POTAMON (GEOTHELPHUSA) CHILENSIS (Heller). 

Thelphusa chilensis HELLER, Verh. k.-k. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 
vol. 12, abth. 1, 1862, p. 520 [2].—Geothelphusa chilensis 
HELLER, Reise Novara, vol. 2, abth. 3, 1865, Crust., p. 33, | 
pl. 3, fig. 4. Chile. | 


Subfamily PSHKUDOTHEHLPHUSIN . 


Genus PSHUDOTHELPHUSA Saussure. | 
PSEUDOTHELPHUSA MACROPA (Milne Edwards). 
Boscia macropa MitNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), Zool., 
vol. 20, 1853, p. 208 [174].—Pseudothelphusa macropa RaTH- 
BUN, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 7, 1905, p. 276, 
pl. 13, fig. 1, text fig. 74. Fresh waters of Colombia and 
Bolivia. 
PSEUDOTHELPHUSA LINDIGIANA Rathbun. 
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1897, p. 59; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. 
Nat., Pagis, vol. 7, 1905, p. 277, text fig. 75. Fresh waters 
of Colombia and Ecuador. 


No. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. o19 


PSEUDOTHELPHUSA PLANA Smith. 
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, 1870, pp. 146, 147.— 
Ratusun, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 7, 1905, 
p. 278, text fig. 76. Payta, Peru. 


PSEUDOTHELPHUSA ECUADORENSIS Rathbun. 
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 1897, p. 58; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Tist. 


Nat., Paris, vol. 7, 1905, p. 279, pl. 18, fig. 8, text fig. 77. 
Ecuador, fresh water. 


PSEUDOTHELPHUSA ZQUATORIALIS (Ortmann). 
Potamocarcinus xquatorialis OrtTMANN, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 
vol. 10, 1897, p. 319, pl. 17, fig. 5. Ecuador; Peru: Rio 
Ucayali. 
PSEUDOTHELPHUSA CHILENSIS (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 
Potamia chilensis MILNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. 
Amér. Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 22; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, 
pl. 10, fig. 1. Lima, Peru. 


PSEUDOTHELPHUSA NOBILII Rathbun. 
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 518, 535, 537, text fig. 8. 
Ecuador, fresh water. 


1 


PSEUDOTHELPHUSA CONRADI Nobili. 
Pseudotelphusa conradi Nosiut, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. 


R. Univ. Torino, vol. 12, 1897, no. 275, p. 3.—Pseudo- 
thelphusa conradi Rarupun, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., 
Paris, vol. 7, 1905, p. 298, text fig. 90. Ecuador; Peru: 
Cuterro and Tambillo. 


PSEUDOTHELPHUSA CAPUTII Nobili. 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, 1901, 


no. 415, p. 38. Fresh waters of Ecuador. 
PSEUDOTHELPHUSA DENTATA (Latreille). 
Telphusa dentata LarreILLE, Ency. Méth., Hist. Nat., Ent., vol. 
10, 1825, p. 564 (not synonymy).—Pseudothelphusa dentata 
Ratusun, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 7, 1905, 
p. 300, pl. 14, fig. 4, text fig. 93. Chile (?). 
PSEUDOTHELPHUSA HENRICI Nobili. 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 12, 1897 
no. 275, p. 1. Fresh waters of Ecuador. 
PSEUDOTHELPHUSA PERUVIANA Rathbun. 
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 527, 535, 537, text fig. 18. 
Moyombamba, Peru. 
PSEUDOTHELPHUSA REFLEXIFRONS (Ortmann). 


Potamocarcinus reflexifrons ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., vol. 10, 
1897, pp. 317, 321, pl. 17, fig. 6. Upper Amazon. 


580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Subfamily TRICHODACTY LIN A. 
Genus TRICHODACTYLUS Latreille. 


TRICHODACTYLUS (TRICHODACTYLUS) FLUVIATILIS (Latreille). 
Trichodactylus fluviatilis LATREILLE, Encye. Méth., Hist. Nat., 
Ent., vol. 10, 1825, p. 705.— Trichodactylus ( Trichodactylus) 
fluviatilis Ratusun, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris (4), 
vol. 8, 1906, p. 35, pl. 15, fig. 11, text fig. 106. Fresh 
waters of Chile, Brazil, and Guiana. 
TRICHODACTYLUS (VALDIVIA) MARGARITIFRONS (Ortmann). 
Dilocarcinus margaritifrons ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 
vol. 7, 1893, p. 492) pl. 17, fig..11. Rio, Ucayah, Pen; 
British Guiana. 
TRICHODACTYLUS (VALDIVIA) PARDALINUS (Gerstecker). 
Dilocarcinus pardalinus GERSTACKER, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, 
pt. 1, 1856, p. 148. Upper Amazon (?); Paraguay. 
TRICHODACTYLUS (VALDIVIA) LATIDENS (A. Milne Edwards). 
Syliocarcinus latidens A. MILNE Epwarps, Ann. Soc. Ent. 
France (4), vol. 9, 1869, p. 175.— Trichodactylus (Valdivia) 
latidens RatuBun, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris (4), 
vol. 8, 1906, p. 49, pl. 17, fig. 4, text fig. 112. Upper 
Amazon. 


TRICHODACTYLUS (VALDIVIA) PERUVIANUS (A. Milne Edwards). 

Sylviocarcinus peruvianus A. MILNE Epwarps, Ann. Soc. Ent. 
France (4), vol. 9, 1869, p. 174.— Trichodactylus (Valdwia) 
peruvianus Ratupun, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris (4), 
vol. 8, 1906, p. 50, pl. 17, fig. 1. Guyallaga, Peru; upper 
Amazon, Brazil. 


TRICHODACTYLUS (DILOCARCINUS) ORBICULARIS (Meuschen). 

Cancer orbicularis MruscHEeN, Index Zoophylacii Gronoviani, 
fase. 8, 1781.—Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) orbicularis 
Ratusun, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris (4), vol. 8, 
1906, p. 58, pl. 18, figs. 3, 8, text fig. 119. Brazil; Para- 
guay; North Argentina; Bolivia (7%). 

TRICHODACTYLUS (DILOCARCINUS) PICTUS (Milne Edwards). 

Dilocarcinus pictus MrLNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat. (8), Zool., 
vol. 20, 1853, p. 216 [182]; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 
vol. 7, 1854, p. 181, pl. 14, figs. 2-2d. Amazon at Nauta, 
Peru; Colombia; Guiana; Brazil; Paraguay; Argentina. 

TRICHODACTYLUS (DILOCARCINUS) EMARGINATUS (Milne Edwards). 

Dilocarcinus emarginatus Mitnk Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), 
Zool., vol. 20, 1853, p. 216 [182]; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., 
Paris, vol. 7, 1854, p. 181, pl. 14, fig. 4. Rio Ucayali, 
Peru; Colombia. 


No. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 581 


Family ATELECYCLID. 


ATHLHNCY CLIN A+. 





Subfamily 


Genus ATELECYCLUS Leach. 


ATELECYCLUS CHILENSIS Milne eo 
Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 143. Chile. 


Genus HYPOPELTARIUM Miers 


HYPOPELTARIUM SPINULOSUM (White). 
Atelecyclus sprmulosus Wuirr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 
1843, p. 345.—Peltarion. spinulosum Dana, Crust. U.S. 
Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 304; atlas, 1855, pl. 18, fig. 

6a—b. Chile to Southern Patagonia; Falkland Islands. 


Subfamily ACANTHOCYCLIN 4». 


Genus ACANTHOCYCLUS Milne Edwards and Lucas 


ACANTHOCYCLUS GAYI Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
D’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, 1843, pt. 1, p. 30; vol. 9, 
atlas, 1847, pl. 15, fig. 1. Peru to Straits of Magellan. 


ACANTHOCYCLUS ALBATROSSIS Rathbun. 
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 
coast of Patagonia; Straits of Wace sllan (2). 


598, 599. Chile: west 


ACANTHOCYCLUS HASSLERI Rathbun. 
Proc. .U. Nat... Mus., vol. 21 


Panama; Chile. 
Family CANCRIDE. 


Subfamily CANCRIN AE. 


, 1898, pp. 598, 599, pl. 43, fig. 1 


Genus CANCER Linneus. 


CANCER LONGIPES Bell. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835, p. 87; Trans. Zool. Soc. 
337, pl. 43. Bay of Panama, 210 


London, vol. 1, 1835, p. 3: 
and 286 fathoms; Callao Reef, Peru; Bolivia; Chile. 


CANCER EDWARDSII Bell. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835, p. 87.—Cancer edwardsii 
Bex, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 1, 1835, , p. 338, pl. 44. 


Peru; Chile (as far as Chiloé). 


See page 538. 


CANCER POLYODON Peeppig. 
Ecuador; Peru; Chile. 


CANCER PLEBEJUS Peeppig. See page 539. 
Peru to Port Otway, Patagonia. 


582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. yor. 88. 





Family XANTHID. 
Subfamily XANTHIN 2“. 
Genus PLATYXANTHUS A. Milne Edwards. 
PLATYXANTHUS ORBIGNYI (Milne Edwards and Lucas). See page 539. 
Ecuador; Peru; Chile. 
PLATYXANTHUS CRENULATUS A. Milne Edwards. See page 540. 
Peru to Patagonia. 


Genus XANTHO Leach. 
XANTHO GAUDICHAUDII Milne Edwards. See page 540. 
Ecuador to Patagonia; Juan Fernandez. 
XANTHO CRENATUS Milne Edwards. 
Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 396. Peru (Milne Edwards); 
Payta (Cano). 


Genus LEPTODIUS A. Milne Edwards. 
LEPTODIUS OCCIDENTALIS (Stimpson). 

Chlorodius occidentalis Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 
vol. 10, 1871, p. 108. Lower California to Panama; Gala- 
pagos Islands. 

LEPTODIUS COOKSONI Miers. 

Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 73, pl. 12, figs. 1-1d. Galapagos 
Islands. 

LEPTODIUS SNODGRASSI Rathbun. 

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 279, pl. 13, figs. 7 and 8. 

Galapagos Islands. 
LEPTODIUS SPINOSO-GRANULATUS Lenz. 

Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. vol. 5, 1902, p. 762, pl. 23, figs.8, 8a. Juan 

Fernandez. 
LEPTODIUS TRIDENTATUS Lenz. 

Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. vol. 5, 1902, p. 761, pl. 23, figs. 7, 7a. Puerto 

Corral, Chile; Juan Fernandez. 


Genus XANTHODIUS Stimpson. 
XANTHODIUS STERNBERGHI Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1859, p. 52. Lower Cali- 
fornia to Ecuador. 
XANTHODIUS LOBATUS (A. Milne Edwards). 
Leptodius lobatus A. M1LNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, 
p. 271, pl. 49, fig. 4. Clarion Island, Mexico; Galapagos 
Islands; Chile. 


Genus HOMALASPIS A. Milne Edwards. 


HOMALASPIS PLANA (Milne Edwards). 
Nantho planus Mri.nk Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, 
». 397. From Callao, Peru, to Straits of Magellan. 
) o 


a 





\ NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 583 


Genus PARAXANTHUS Milne Edwards and Lueas. 


PARAXANTHUS BARBIGER (Peeppig). 
Gecarcinus barbiger Papria, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, 
1836, p. 1388.—Parazanthus hirtipes M1LNn Epwarps and 
Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 19; 
vol. 9, atlas, pl. 7bis, fig. 1. Callao, Peru; Chile; Juan 
Fernandez. 


Genus CYCLOXANTHOPS Rathbun. 


CYCLOXANTHOPS SEXDECIMDENTATUS (Milne Edwards and Lucas). See page 541. 
Ecuador; Peru; Chile. 
CYCLOXANTHOPS VITTATUS (Stimpson). 
Xantho vitiata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 
1860, p. 206. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; Panama. 
CYCLOXANTHOPS (?) STIMPSONI (A. Milne Edwards). 
Xantho stimpsont A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, 
p. 252, pl. 46, fig. 2. Cape St. Lucas and Mazatlan, Mexico; 
Ecuador. 


Genus MEDAUS Dana. 


MEDZUS LOBIPES Rathbun. 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 583, pl. 44, fig. 1. Cape 
) ) | ) | 
a 


St. Lucas; Panama Bay; Galapagos Islands. 53 to 33 
fathoms. 


Subfamily ACT ACIN 24“. 
Genus ACTAZA de Haan. 
ACTA DOVII Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, p. 104.—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, _ 244, pl. 45, fig. 1. 
Salvador; Panama; Ecuador; Galapagos Islands. 


Genus GLYPTOXANTHUS A. Milne Edwards. 
GLYPTOXANTHUS LABYRINTHICUS (Stimpson). 
Actxa labyrinthica Svimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 
_ vol. 7, 1860, p. 204.—Glyptoxanthus labyrinthicus A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 255, pl. 43, fig. 4. 
West coast of Mexico; Panama. 


Genus DAIRA de Haan. 
DAIRA AMERICANA Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1860, p. 212.—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 1, 1866, 
p. 299, pl. 16, figs. 4-4e. California (A. Milne Edwards) to 
Ecuador. By ‘‘California’”’? was probably meant ‘* Lower 
California.”’ 


584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. . vou. 38. 





Genus PLATYPODIA Bell. 


PLATYPODIA ROTUNDATA (Stimpson). 

Atergatis rotundatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 
vol. 7, 1860, p. 202.—Lophactzea rotundata A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 243; 1880, pl. 44, fig. 
2. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; Panama. 

PLATYPODIA GEMMATA Rathbun. 

Proc. Wash. Acad. -Sct., vol..4, 1902, p. 279), pl. 12) figs. Seand*6. 

Galapagos Islands. 


Subfamily CHLORODIELLIN_AE. 
Genus MICROPANOPE Stimpson. 


MICROPANOPE TABOGUILLENSIS Rathbun. 
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 35, 1907, p. 69, pl. 1, fig. 8; pl. 7, 
figs. 3 and 3a. Taboguilla Island, Panama. 


Genus XANTHIAS Rathbun. 


XANTHIAS XANTUSII (Stimpson). 
Aanthodes xantusi Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 
vol. 10, 1871, p. 105. ‘Cape St. Lucas; Ecuador. 


Subfamily PANOPHIN A. 


Genus PANOPEUS Milne Edwards. 
PANOPEUS PURPUREUS Lockington. Sce page 541. 
Lower California to Peru. 


PANOPEUS CHILENSIS Milne Edwards and Lucas. See page 542. 
West coast of Mexico to Chile. 


PANOPEUS BERMUDENSIS Benedict and Rathbun. See page 542. 
Peru; Florida to Brazil; Bermudas. 
PANOPEUS BRADLEYI Smith. 
Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869, p. 281. Panama. 


a. 
Genus EURYPANOPEUS A. Milne Edwards. 


EURYPANOPEUS TRANSVERSUS (Stimpson). See page 543. 
Salvador to Peru. 
EURYPANOPEUS PLANUS (Smith). 
Panopeus planus Smiru, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 
1869, p. 283.—Brnepicr and Ratrusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. 
Mus., vol. 14, 1891, p. 369, pl. 24, figs. 10 and 11.. Panama; 
Keuador. 
EURYPANOPEUS CRENATUS (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 
Panopeus crenatus Mitne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s 
Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 16; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, 
pl. 8, fig. 1. Puna, Ecuador; Callao, Peru; Chile. 


ee: 


Se 


NO. 1766. STALK-HYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 585 





Genus EURYTIUM Stimpson. 


EURYTIUM AFFINE (Streets and Kingsley). 
Panopeus affinis STREETS and Kinastby, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 
9, 1877, p. 106.—Kurytiwm affine A. Mitne Epwarps, 
Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 334, pl. 60, fig. 1. Lower Cali- 
fornia; Ecuador (?). 
EURYTIUM TRISTANI Rathbun. See page 543. 
Costa Rica; Peru. 
Subfamily MBHNIPPIN 2. 
Genus MENIPPE de Haan. 


MENIPPE OBTUSA Stimpson. 
Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol: 7, 1859, p. 53; Crust. Rég. 
Mex., 1879, p. 264, pl. 48, fig. 1. Panama. 
MENIPPE FRONTALIS A. Milne Edwards. 
Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 264, pl. 48, fig. 2. Nicaragua; Pan- 
ama; Ecuador. 


Genus PILUMNOIDES Milne Edwards and Lueas. 


PILUMNOIDES PERLATUS (Poeppig). See page 544. 
Panama to Chile. 


PILUMNOIDES PUSILLUS Rathbun. 
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 281, pl. 12, figs. 9 and 10, 
Galapagos Islands. 


Subfamily PILUMNIN 2. 


Genus PILUMNUS Leach. 
PILUMNUS LIMOSUS Smith. 

Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869, p. 285.—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 291, pl. 50, fig. 
Panama; Ecuador; Peru at Zorritos. 

PILUMNUS SPINOHIRSUTUS (Lockington). : 
Acanthus spino-hirsutus LOCKINGTON, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 
1876 (1877), pp. 33, 102. San Diego, California; Gulf of 
California; Ecuador. 
PILUMNUS SPINULIFER Rathbun. 

Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 585, pl. 42, figs. 6-8. Off 
Cape St. Lucas, 31 fathoms; Galapagos Islands, on reef, 
also at 12 fathoms. 


Genus HETERACTAZA Lockington. 
HETERACT#A LUNATA (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 
Pilumnus lunatus Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s 
Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, 18438, p. 20; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, 


pl. 9, fig. 2. From San Diego, California, to Chile. 


586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 





Subfamily OZIIN A“. 
Genus OZIUS Milne Edwards. 


OZIUS VERREAUXII Saussure. 


VoL. 38. 


—— 


Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (2), vol. 5, 1853, p. 359; pl. 12, fig. 1.9 


Lower California to Ecuador; Galapagos Islands. 


OZIUS AGASSIZII A. Milne Edwards. 
Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 279, pl. 55, fi 
Keuador; Galapagos Islands. 
Subfamily HRIPHIIN A. 
Genus ERIPHIA Latreille. 


ERIPHIA SQUAMATA Stimpson. See page 544. 
Lower California to Chile. 


ERIPHIA GRANULOSA A. Milne Edwards. 


g. 1. Gulf of Panama to — 


Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 339, pl. 56, fig. 2. Galapagos Islands; — 


Chile. 
Genus ERIPHIDES Rathbun. 


ERIPHIDES HISPIDA (Stimpson). 


Ervphia hispida Stimpson, Ann. -Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7,4 


1860, p. 218.—Pseuderiphia hispida A. MILNE Epwarps, 
| I I 


Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 340, pl. 56, fig. 1. West coast of 


Central America; Panama; Galapagos Islands. 
Subfamily TRAPEHZIIN 2X. 


Genus TRAPEZIA Latreille. 


TRAPEZIA CYMODOCE FERRUGINEA Latreille. 


Trapezia ferruginea .LATREILLE, Encyc. Méth., Ent., vol. 10, 
1825, p. 695.— Trapezia cymodoce Dana, Crust. U. S. Expl. 
Eixped., pt. 1, 1852, p..257; atlas, 1855, pl 15, fig) 5: 
Acapulco,’ Mexico (Faxon); Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama 
(A. Milne Edwards, Smith, Faxon); Indo-Pacific region. 


TRAPEZIA DIGITALIS Latreille. 


Kneye. Méth., Ent., vol. 10, 1825, p. 696.—Trapezia formosa 
A. Mine Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 343, pl. 58, 
fig. 1. Cape St. Lucas, Mexico, to Panama Bay; Indo- 


Pacific region. 


Genus QUADRELLA Dana. 


QUADRELLA CORONATA Dana. 


Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 266; atlas, 1855, pl. 
16, fig. 5. Pearl Islands, Panama Bay, 6 to 8 fathoms; 


Indo-Pacific region. 


ia 
o 


No. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF. PERU—RATHBUN. 587 


family GONOPLACID.E. 
Subfamily PRIONOPLACIN 4%. 
Genus PRIONOPLAX Milne Edwards. 
PRIONOPLAX CILIATA Smith. 


Prionoplax ciliatus Smiru, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1870, 
p. 160. Panama; Guayaquil, Ecuador. 


Genus EURYPLAX Stimpson. 


EURYPLAX POLITA Smith. 
Euryplax politus Smirn, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol..2, 1870, 
p. 163. Panama. 


Genus SPEOCARCINUS Stimpson. 


SPEOCARCINUS OSTREARICOLA Rathbun. Sce page 545. 
Matapalo, Peru. 


Genus GLYPTOPLAX Smith. 


GLYPTOPLAX PUGNAX Smith. 
Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p.. 165.—A. MILNE 


Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 335, pl. 61, figs. 5—5f. 
Costa Rica to Panama. 


Family PINNOTHERID. 
Subfamily PINNOTHERIN®. 
Genus PINNOTHERES Latreille. 


PINNOTHERES MARGARITA Smith. 
In Verrill, Amer. Nat., vol. 3, 1869, p. 245; Trans. Conn. Acad. 
Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 166. La Paz, Lower California; Pearl 
Islands, Bay of Panama. In pearl oyster. 
PINNOTHERES SILVESTRII Nobili. 
Pinnoteres silvestrii Nopiti, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. 
Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 402, 1901, p. 11; Revista Chilena 
Hist. Nat., vol. 6, 1902, p. 235. San Vicente, Chile. 
PINNOTHERES BIPUNCTATUM Nicolet. 
In Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, 1849, p. 155, pl. 1, fig. 2. . Dan 
Carlos de Chiloé. 


Genus PINNAXODES Heller. 


PINNAXODES CHILENSIS (Milne Edwards). 
Pinnotheres chilensis MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 
1837, p. 33. Ecuador to Port Otway, Patagonia. 
PINNAXODES MEINERTI Rathbun. 
Proce. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 17, 1904, p. 162. Valparaiso, Chile. 


588 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38, 


Genus OSTRACOTHERES Milne Edwards. 


OSTRACOTHERES POLITUS Smith. See page 545. 
Peru; Chile. 


Genus DISSODACTYLUS Smith. 


DISSODACTYLUS NITIDUS Smith. See page 545. 
Off Abreojos Point, Lower California, to Peru. 


Subfamily PINNOTHERELIN AL. 
Genus PINNIXA White. 


PINNIXA TRANSVERSALIS (Milne Edwards and Lucas). See page 546. 
Panama to Punta Arenas, Patagonia. 


PINNIXA VALDIVIENSIS Rathbun. 
Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 11,.1907, p. 45, pl. 3, figs. 2, 3, 
text fig. 1. Corral, Province Valdivia, Chile. 


Genus PINNOTHERELIA Milne Edwards and Lueas. 


PINNOTHERELIA LAVIGATA Milne Edwards and Lucas. See page 546. 
Peru; Chile. 
Family GRAPSIDZ. 
Subfamily GRAPSIN A. 
Genus GRAPSUS Lamarck. 
GRAPSUS GRAPSUS (Linnezus). See page 547. 
Lower California to Chile; Galapagos Islands; Juan Fernandez 
Also shores of tropical Atlantic. 
GRAPSUS STRIGOSUS (Herbst). 
Cancer strigosus Hersst, Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 3, 
pt. 1, 1799, p. 55, pl. 47, fig. 7.—Grapsus strigosus Dana, 
Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 338; atlas, 1855, 
pl. 21, fig. 2. Chile; Indo-Pacific region. 
Genus GEOGRAPSUS Stimpson. 
GEOGRAPSUS LIVIDUS (Milne Edwards). 
Grapsus luidus MriLNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, 
p. 85.—Dana, Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 
340; atlas, 1855, pl. 21, fig. 5a—-c. Lower California to 
Chile; Clipperton Island; Galapagos Islands; Florida 
Keys to Colombia. 


Genus LEPTOGRAPSUS Milne Edwards. 


LEPTOGRAPSUS VARIEGATUS (Fabricius). See page 547. 
Peru; Chile; Juan Fernandez; also Australia and other parts 


of the southern hemisphere. 


no.1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATIBUN. 589 





Genus GONIOPSIS de Haan. 


GONIOPSIS PULCHRA (Lockington). Sce page 547. 
From Magdalena Bay, Lower California, to Peru. 


Genus PACH YGRAPSUS Randall. 


PACHYGRAPSUS CRASSIPES Randall. 
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 8, 1839 (1840), p. 127.—Dr Man, 
Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 12, 1890, p. 86, pl. 5, fig. 11. Oregon 


to Gulf of California; Galapagos Islands; Chile. Japan. 
PACHYGRAPSUS, sp. [near CRASSIPES], Nobili. 


Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, 
1901, p. 42. Tumaco, Colombia. 


| PACHYGRAPSUS TRANSVERSUS (Gibbes). See page 548. 
California to Peru; Galapagos Islands. Also widely distributed 
in tropical Atlantic and Oriental region. 


PACHYGRAPSUS PUBESCENS Heller. 
Reise Novara, Crust., 1865, p. 45, pl. 4, fig. 4. Chile. 


Genus PLANES Bowdich. 


PLANES MINUTUS (Linnzus). 
Cancer minutus Linnaus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., vol. 1, 1758 
p. 625. From Alaska to Bay of Valparaiso, Chile; of 
Galapagos Islands. In all tropical and temperate seas. 


t 


Subfamily VARUNIN 4. 
Genus CYRTOGRAPSUS Dana. 


CYRTOGRAPSUS ANGULATUS Dana. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 5, 1851, p. 250; Crust. U. S. 
Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 352; atlas, 1855, pl. 22, fig. 
6a-e. San Lorenzo Island, Peru; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 

to Rio Negro, Patagonia. 


Genus HEMIGRAPSUS Dana. 


HEMIGRAPSUS CRENULATUS (Milne Edwards). 
Cyclograpsus crenulatus Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., 
vol. 2, 1837, p. 80.—Hemigrapsus crenulatus Dana, Crust. 
J. S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 349; atlas, 1855, pl. 22, 
fig. 3. Chile; west coast of Patagonia; New Zealand. 


Genus GLYPTOGRAPSUS Smith. 


GLYPTOGRAPSUS IMPRESSUS Smith. : 
Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 154. Acapulco, Mexico, 


to Panama. 


590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 
Subfamily SESARMIN 4. 
Genus SESARMA Say. 


SESARMA (SESARMA) ZSQUATORIALIS Ortmann. 
Sesarma xquatorialis Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., vol. 7 
1894, p. 722, pl. 23, figs. 14, 14k, 142. Ecuador. 


’ 


SESARMA (SESARMA) BARBIMANUM Cano. 
Sesarma barbimana Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli (1), vol. 3, 1889, 
pp. 93, 245. Payta, Peru. 


SESARMA (SESARMA) OPHIODERMA Nobili. 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, 
1901, p. 44. Ecuador. 


SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) OCCIDENTALE Smith. 
Sesarma occidentalis Smrru, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1870 
I ) ? 
p. 158. Acajutla, Salvador; Ecuador. 
SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) ANGUSTUM Smith. 
Sesarma angusta SMiTH, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1870, 
p. 159. Costa Rica to Bay of Panama. 
SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) FEST Nobili. 


Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, 
1901, p. 42. Ecuador. 


Genus ARATUS Milne Edwards. 


ARATUS PISONI (Milne Edwards). See page 548. 
Nicaragua to Peru; east coast of America. 


Genus CYCLOGRAPSUS Milne Edwards. 


CYCLOGRAPSUS CINEREUS Dana. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1851, p. 251; Crust... Expr 
Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 360; atlas, 1855, pl. 23, fig. 3a—e. 
Panama to Lota, Chile. 

CYCLOGRAPSUS PUNCTATUS Milne Edwards. 

Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 78.—@nathochasmus barbatus 
McLeay, Ill. Zool. S. Africa, 1838, p. 65, pl. 3. Chile; 
Juan Fernandez; South Africa; Indian Ocean. 


Subfamily PLAGUSIIN 4. 


Genus PLAGUSIA Latreille. 


PLAGUSIA TUBERCULATA Lamarck. 
Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5, 1818, p. 247.—Plagusia 
immaculata Miers, Challenger Brachyura, 1886, p. 273, 
pl. 22, fig. 1. Lower California to Chile; Indo-Pacific region. 


: 
No. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 591 





PLAGUSIA CHABRUS (Linnzus). 

| Cancer chabrus Linnaeus, Mus. Lud. Ulr., 1764, p. 438. 
Plagusia tomentosa Krauss, Siidafr. Crust., 1843, p. 42, pl. 
2, fig. 6. Chile; Juan Fernandez; Tongatabu; Australia; 
Tasmania; New Zealand; Cape of Good Hope. 


Genus PERCNON Gistel. 


PERCNON PLANISSIMUM (Herbst). 
Cancer planissimus Hersst, Natur. d. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 


3, pt. 4, 1804, p. 3, pl. 59, fig. 3. Cape St. Lucas to Chile; 
Bahamas to Brazil; Bermudas; eastern Atlantic to Japan 
and Hawaiian Islands. 


Family GECARCINID. 
Genus CARDISOMA Latreille. 


CARDISOMA CRASSUM Smith. See page 549. 
La Paz, Mexico, to Peru. 


Genus UCIDES Rathbun. 


UCIDES OCCIDENTALIS (Ortmann). See page 549. 
Lower California to Peru; Valparaiso, Chile (%). 


Genus GECARCINUS Leach. 


_ GECARCINUS LATERALIS (Freminville). 
| Ocypoda lateralis FREMINVILLE, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), Zool., vol. 3, 


; 1835, p. 224.—Gecarcinus lateralis GukRIN, Icon. Régne 
f Anim., pl. ie fig. 1. Eeuador (Cano, Nobili): Bahamas to 
: Guiana; Bermudas. 
_GECARCINUS QUADRATUS Saussure. 
t Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (2), vol. 5, 1853, p. 360, pl. 12, fig. 2. 


Mexico to Panama: Turbo, Colombia (Atlantic side). 


_GECARCINUS MALPILENSIS Faxon. 

Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 24, 1893, p. 157; Mem. Mus. Comp. 
Zool., vol. 18, 1895, p. 28, pl. 4, figs. 2-25. Malpelo Island, 
off Bay of Panama. 


Family OCYPODID. 
Subfamily OCYPODIN 4. 
Genus OCYPODE Fabricius. 


-OCYPODE OCCIDENTALIS Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1860, p. 229. Lower Cali- 
fornia to Peru. 


_OCYPODE GAUDICHAUDII Milne Edwards and Lucas. See page 550. 
: Lower California to Chile; Galapagos Islands. 
% 


592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Genus UCA Leach. 


UCA PRINCEPS (Smith). See page 550. 
San Bartolome Bay, Lower California, to Peru. 


UCA STYLIFERA (Milne Edwards). 

Gelasimus platydactylus M1LNE Epwarps, Régne Anim. Cuvier, 
disciples ed., Crust., pl. 18, fig. la (not Mitnre Epwarps, 
1837).—Gelasimus styliferus Mitne Epwarps, Ann. Sci. 
Nat. (3), Zool., vol. 18, 1852, p. 145 [109], pl. 3, fig. 3. Sal- 
vador to Guayaquil, Ecuador. 


UCA INSIGNIS (Milne Edwards). See page 551. 
Salvador to Chile. 


UCA BREVIFRONS (Stimpson). 
Gelasimus brevifrons Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 
vol. 7, 1860, p. 229.—Uca bremfrons Hotmes, Proc. Cal. 
Acad. Sci. (3), vol. 3, 1904, p. 308, pl. 35, figs. 1-5. Lower 
California to Panama. 


UCA GALAPAGENSIS Rathbun. See page 551. 
Galapagos Islands; Peru. : 


UCA MACRODACTYLUS (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 
Gelasimus macrodactylus MitNé Epwarps and Lucas, d’Or- 
bigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, 1843, p. 27; vol. 9, atlas, 
1847, pl. 11, fig. 3. Guaymas, Mexico, to Valparaiso, Chile. 


UCA PANAMENSIS (Stimpson). 
Gelasimus panamensis Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 
vol. 7, 1859, p. 683.—Smiru, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 
1870, p. 139, pl. 4, fig. 5. Gulf of Fonseca, Central America, 
to Payta, Peru. 


UCA HELLERI Rathbun. 
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 277, pl. 12, figs. 3 and 4. 
Galapagos Islands. 


UCA STENODACTYLUS (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 

Gelasimus stenodactylus MILNE Epwarps and Lvcas, d’Orbigny’s 
Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, 1843, p. 26; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, 
pl. 11, fig. 2. Gulf of Fonseca, Salvador, to Valparaiso, 
Chile. 

UCA FEST Nobili. 


Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, 
1901, p. 51. Ecuador. 


UCA LATIMANUS (Rathbun). 
Gelasimus latimanus RatuBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 
1893, p. 245. La Paz, Mexico, to Ecuador. 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 5983 





Subfamily MACROPHTHALMIN A¢. 
Genus EUPLAX Milne Edwards. 
“"EUPLAX LEPTOPHTHALMA Milne Edwards. 
Ann. Sci. Nat. (8), Zool., vol. 18, 1852, p. 160 [124]. Chile. 
Tribe OXYSTOMATA. 
Family CALAPPID. 
Subfamily CALAPPIN 4&. 


Genus CALAPPA Fabricius. 
CALAPPA CONVEXA Saussure. 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (2), vol. 4, 1853, p. 362, pl. 13, fig. 3. 
Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, to Ecuador. 


Genus PLATYMERA Milne Edwards. 


PLATYMERA GAUDICHAUDII Milne Edwards. 
Platymera gaudichaudii Mitné Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 


2, 1837, p. 108.—Mrrne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s 
Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, 1843, p. 28; vol. 9, atlas, pl. 13, 


fig. 1. Coast of California, 26 to 218 fathoms, to Chile. 
Subfamily MATU'TIN Al, 


Genus HEPATUS Latreille. 


HEPATUS KOSSMANNI Neumann. 

Catalog Pod. Crust. Heidelberger Mus., 1878, p. 28. Panama 
Bay, 7 to 14 fathoms; Callao (Cano); North Island, 
Chinchas (Kinahan); Chile (Lenz). 

HEPATUS CHILIENSIS Milne Edwards. See page 551. 

Ecuador; Peru; Chile. 


Ui 


Genus HEPATELLA Smith. 
HEPATELZLA AMICA Smith. See page 552. 
Panama; Peru. 
Genus OSACHILA Stimpson. 


OSACHILA ACUTA Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, p. 114. Manzanillo, 
Mexico, to Panama; Darien (Nobili). 


Family LEUCOSITD/. 
Subfamily LHUCOSIIN 4. 


Genus UHLIAS Stimpson. 


UHLIAS ELLIPTICUS Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, p. 117. Panama, 
Ecuador. 
Proc. N.M.vol.88—10——38 


594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Genus LEUCOSILIA Bell. 
LEUCOSILIA JURINEI (Saussure). See page 552. 
Mazatlan, Mexico, to Peru; Galapagos Islands. 
Genus PERSEPHONA Leach. 


PERSEPHONA EDWARDSII Bell. 
Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, 1855, p. 294, pl. 31, fig. 8. 


Panama; Galapagos Islands. 


PERSEPHONA ORBICULARIS Bell. 
Trans.’ Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, 1855, p. 294, pl. 31, fig. 7. 


Valparaiso, Chile. 


PERSEPHONA TOWNSENDI (Rathbun). 
Myra townsendi Ratusun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, 
p- 255. Gulf of California,-20 to 58 fathoms; Panama Bay, 

7 to 14 fathoms. 


Tribe DROMIACEA. 
Family HOMOLID. 
Genus PAROMOLA Wood-Mason. 


PAROMOLA RATHBUNI Porter. 
Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1908, p. 88, pl. 8. Juan 


Fernandez. 
Family DROMITD/E. 
Genus DROMIDIA Stimpson. 


DROMIDIA SARRABUREI Rathbun. See page 553. 
Bay of Sechura, Peru. 


Genus HYPOCONCHA Guérin. 


HYPOCONCHA PANAMENSIS Smith. 
Amer. Nat., vol. 3, 1869, p. 249. Bay of Realejo, Nicaragua; 
Panama. 


HYPOCONCHA PERUVIANA Rathbun. See page 553. 
Matapalo, near Capon, Peru. 


Tribe HIPPIDEA. 
Family ALBUNEID. 
Genus BLEPHARIPODA Randall.’ 


BLEPHARIPODA OCCIDENTALIS Randall. 
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 8, 1839 (1840), p. 131, pl. 6, 
San Francisco, California, to Chile. 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 595 


Genus LEPIDOPA Stimpson. 


LEPIDOPA CHILENSIS Lenz. 
Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. vol. 5, 1902, p. 749, pl. 23, figs. 5 
Lorenzo, Peru (?); Iquique, Chile. 


, oa. San 


Genus ALBUNEA Fabricius. 


ALBUNEA, sp., Cunningham. 
Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 27, 1871, p. 494. Herradura Bay, 
Chile. 
Family HIPPID. 


Genus EMERITA Gronovius. 


EMERITA ANALOGA (Stimpson). See page 554. 
Oregon to Chile. 


EMERITA EMERITA (Linnaeus). See page 554. 
Lower California to Chile; Florida to Brazil. 


Genus PALES. Fabricius. 


HIPPA DENTICULATIFRONS (Miers). 
Remipes testudinarius, var. denticulatifrons Miers, Jour. Linn. 
Soc. London, vol. 14, 1878, p. 318, pl. 5, fig. 2. Galapagos 
Islands; Indo-Pacific region. 


Tribe PAGURIDEA. 
Family LITHODID. 
Genus LITHODES Latreille. 


LITHODES ANTARCTICA Jacquinot. 
In Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. au Péle Sud, Zool., vol. 3, 
1852 (%), Crust., p. 90; atlas of zool., pl. 7, fig. 1, pl. 8, figs. 
9-14. Calbuco, Chile, to Terra del Fuego. 


Family CHXANOBITID. 
Genus CCENOBITA Latreille. 


CCENOBITA RUGOSUS Milne Edwards. 
Cenobita rugosa MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, 
p. 241.— Canobita rugosus Aucock, Cat. Indian Dec. Crust., 
pt. 2, fase. 1, 1905, p. 143, pl. 14, figs. 3, 3a. Lower Cali- 
fornia to Chile; Vancouver Island (?%); Indo-Pacific to trop- 
ical West Africa. 
C@NOBITA RUGOSUS WAGNERI Doflein. 
Cenobita rugosus, var. wagnert DoOFLEIN, Sitzungsb. math.-phys. 
Cl. Akad. Wiss. Minchen, 1900, p. 134. Rio Bayano, 
Panama. 


596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


C@NOBITA COMPRESSUS Guérin. \ 
Cenobita compressa GubRIN, Voy. autour du Monde sur la 
Coquille par Duperrey, Zool., vol. 2, pt. 2, 1831, p. 29. 
Lower California to Payta, Peru; Galapagos Islands; west- 
ward to East Africa. 
C@NOBITA PANAMENSIS Streets. 
Cenobita panamensis STREETS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871, 
p- 241. Lower California; Panama. 


Family PAGURID. 
Subfamily DARDANIN 4+. 
Genus PAGURISTES Dana. 


PAGURISTES WEDDELLII (Milne Edwards). 
Pagurus weddella Mitnk Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (3), 
vol. 10, 1848, p. 64. Peru. 


PAGURISTES HIRTUS Dana. See page 555. 


Peru: Chile. 


PAGURISTES TOMENTOSUS (Milne Edwards). See page 555. 


Peru; Chile (?). 


Genus CLIBANARIUS Dana. 
CLIBANARIUS AZQUABILIS Dana. 
Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 464; atlas, 1855, pl. 
29, fig. 4a—f. Chile; California; and westward to Madeira. 


CLIBANARIUS PANAMENSIS Stimpson. See page 555. 
Lower California to Peru. 


CLIBANARIUS ALBIDIGITUS Nobili. 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, 
1901, p. 24. Ecuador. 


Genus ISOCHELES Stimpson. 


ISOCHELES QUIMANUS (Dana). 
Bernhardus xquimanus Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 
1852, p. 445; atlas, 1855, pl. 27, fig. 6. Valparaiso (7%), 
Chile. 
ISOCHELES WURDEMANNI PACIFICUS Bouvier. 


Isocheles wurdemanni, var. pacificus Bouvier, Bull. Mus. Hist. 
Nat., Paris, 1907, no. 2, p. 115, text figs. 2,3. “Payta, Peru. 


Genus CALCINUS Dana. 


CALCINUS OBSCURUS Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1859, p. 83. Lower California 
to Ecuador. 





NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 597 


CALCINUS CHILENSIS (Milne Edwards). 
Pagurus chilensis Mitnk Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 
1837, p. 230, pl. 22, fig. 9. Lower California (?); Chile. 
CALCINUS TIBICEN (Herbst). 
Cancer tibicen Hersst, Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 2, 
1791, p. 25, pl. 23, fig. 7. Ecuador; West Indies. 


Genus DARDANUS Paulson. 


DARDANUS SINISTRIPES (Stimpson). See page 556. 
Lower California to Peru. 

DARDANUS IMBRICATUS Rathbun. See page 556. 
Bay of Sechura, Peru. 


Genus PETROCHIRUS Stimpson. 


PETROCHIRUS CALIFORNIENSIS Bouvier. 
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 1895, p. 6. Lower California; 
Ecuador. 
Genus ANICULUS Dana. 


ANICULUS ELEGANS Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1859, p. 83. Lower Cali- 
fornia; Panama. 


ANICULUS LONGITARSIS Streets. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871, p. 240. Panama. 


Subfamily PAGURIN 2 (=EUPAGURIN A‘). 
Genus PAGURUS Fabricius. 


PAGURUS GLADIUS (Benedict). 
Eupagurus gladius Benepict, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 
1892, p.7. Gulf of California; Ecuador. 


PAGURUS BENEDICTI (Bouvier). See page 557. 
Gulf of California; Peru. 


PAGURUS PURPURATUS (Benedict). 
Eupagurus purpuratus Benepict, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 
1892, p. 15. 


PAGURUS EDWARDSII (Dana). 
Bernhardus edwardsii Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 
1852, p. 447.—Eupagurus edwardsi LENz, Zool. Jahrb., 
aa 


Suppl. vol. 5, 1902, p. 739, pl. 23, fig. 1. Callao, Peru; 
Chile. 
PAGURUS OBESOCARPUS (Dana). 
Bernhardus obesocarpus Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 
1852, p. 445; atlas, 1855, pl. 27, fig. 5 a-d. Valparaiso (%), 
Chile; Coquimbo, Chile (Cunningham). 


598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








PAGURUS VILLOSUS Nicolet. 
In Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, 1849, p. 188; atlas, pl. 1, 
fig. 5. Chile. 


PAGURUS PERLATUS Milne Edwards. 
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (3), vol. 10, 1848, p. 60. Chile. 


PAGURUS BARBIGER (A. Milne Edwards). 

Bernhardus barbiger A. MiLnk Epwarps, Crust. Miss. Sci. du 

Cap Horn, 1882, p. 28, pl. 3, fig. la-e. Chile; Straits of 
Magellan. 


PAGURUS COMPTUS White. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 15, 1847, p. 122.—Eupagurus comp- 
tus Miers, Hrebus and Terror, Crust., 1874, p. 3, pl. 2, fig. 5. 
Chile; Patagonia; Falkland Islands. 
PAGURUS GAYI Nicolet. 


In Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, 1849, p. 190; atlas, pl. 1, fig. 
6. Chile. 


PAGURUS GAUDICHAUDII Milne Edwards. 
Pagurus gaudichaudvi Mitnr Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (2), 
vol. 6, 1836, p. 269. Valparaiso, Chile. 


PAGURUS FORCEPS Milne Edwards. 
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (2), vol. 6, 1836, p. 272, pl. 13, fig. 5. Chile. 
Genus PORCELLANOPAGURUS Filhol. 


PORCELLANOPAGURUS PLATEI Lenz. 
Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. vol. 5, 1902, p. 740, pl. 23, fig. 2. Juan 
Fernandez. 
Tribe THALASSINIDEA. 


Family THALASSINIDL. 
Genus THALASSINA Latreille. 


THALASSINA ANOMALA (Herbst). 
Cancer (Astacus) anomalus Herpsst, Naturg. d. Krabben u. 
Krebse, vol. 3, pt. 4, 1804, p. 45, pl. 62. Chile; Indo- 

Pacific region. 


Family CALLIANASSID/E. 


Genus CALLIANASSA Leach. 


CALLIANASSA UNCINATA Milne Edwards. See page 557. 
Peru; Chile, as far south as the island of Quehuy, off Chiloé. 


\ no.1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 599 


Tribe GALATHEIDEA. 
family PORCELLANIDA. 
Genus PE TROLISTHES. Stimpson. 


PETROLISTHES ARMATUS (Gibbes). See page 558. 
Lower California to Peru; Indo-Pacific region; Florida to Brazil; 
Bermudas. 


PETROLISTHES VIOLACEUS (Guérin). 
Porcellana violacea GuEéRIN, Voy. Coquille, Zool., vol. 2, pt. 2, 
1831, p. 33, pl. 3, fig. 2. Ancon, Callao, San Lorenzo and 
Chincha Islands, Peru; Chile. 


PETROLISTHES ANGULOSUS (Guérin). 
Porcellana angulosa Guerin, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. France, 1835, 
p- 115; Mag. de Zool., vol. 8, 1838, cl. 7, pp. 6, 7, pl. 25, 


fig. 3. 


PETROLISTHES PUNCTATUS (Guérin). 
Porcellana punctata GuERIN, Bull. Soc. Sei. Nat. France, 1835, 


p- 115; Icon., Crust. p. 13, pl. 18, fig. 1. Ancon and San 
Lorenzo, Peru; Chile. 


PETROLISTHES SINUIMANUS Lockington. 

Petrolisthes (Pisosoma) sinuimanus Lockxineron, Ann. Mag. 

Nat. Hist. (5), vol. 2, 1878, p. 401. Gulf of California; 
Ecuador. 


PETROLISTHES HIANS Nobili. 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16 


1901, p. 17. Ecuador. 


no. 415, 


) 


PETROLISTHES ORTMANNI Nobili. 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, 
1901, p. 16. Ecuador. 


PETROLISTHES, sp. {near ORTMANNI, Nobili. 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, 


1901, p. 16. Ecuador. 


PETROLISTHES SPINIFRONS (Milne Edwards). See page 559. 
Peru; Chile. 
PETROLISTHES HOLOTRICHUS Nobili. 


Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. It. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, 
1901, p. 14. Ecuador. 


PETROLISTHES GRACILIS Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1859, p. 74. Guaymas, 
Mexico; Ecuador. 


600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. You. 38. 


PETROLISTHES POLITUS (Gray). 

Porcellana polita Gray, Zool. Misc., 1831, p. 15; Griffith’s 

Cuvier, Animal Kingdom, vol. 13, 1833, p. 312, pl. 25, fig. 2, 
(Porcellaria). Panama; Colon; West Indies. 


PETROLISTHES EDWARDSII (Saussure). 

Porcellana edwardsii Saussure, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (2), 

vol. 5, 1853, p. 366, pl. 12, fig. 3. Gulf of California to 
Ecuador. 


PETROLISTHES GALATHINUS (Bosc). 
Porcellana galathina Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1802, p. 233, 
pl. 6, fig. 2. Panama; South Carolina to Rio de Janeiro, 

Brazil. 


PETROLISTHES TUBERCULATUS (Guérin). 
Porcellana tuberculata GuiéRIN, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. France, 
1835;\p. 116; Mag: Zool:, vol“8;°1838, ck 7; pp. G72 pla 2b, 

fig. 2. San Lorenzo Island, Peru; Chile. 


PETROLISTHES TUBERCULOSUS (Milne Edwards). 
Porcellana tuberculosa Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., 
vol. 2, 1837, p. 256. Peru; Chile. 
PETROLISTHES PATAGONICUS (Cunningham). 
Porcellana patagonica CUNNINGHAM, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 
vol. 27, 1871, p. 495. Iquique, Chile; Port Otway, Pata- 
gonia; Straits of Magellan. 


PETROLISTHES ACANTHOPHORUS (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 
Porcellana acanthophora M1LN® Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbig- 
ny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. .6, 1843, p. 33; vol. 9, atlas, 

1847, pl. 16, fig. 2. Callao, Peru; Chile. 


PETROLISTHES (?) DESMARESTII (Eydoux and Gervais). 
Porcellana desmarestu. Eypoux and Gervais, in Guérin, Bull. 
Soc. Sci. Nat. France, 1835, p. 115; Mag. de Zool., vol. 8, 
1838, pp. 6, 7, pl. 26, fig. 1. Chile. 
PETROLISTHES (?) LAVIGATUS (Guérin). 
Porcellana levigata GueERIN, Bull. Soc. Sei. Nat. France, 1835, 
p- 115; Mag. de Zool., vol. 8, 1838, cl. 7, pp. 5, 6. Ecuador; 
Payta and Callao, Peru; Chile. 


Genus PACH YCHELES Stimpson. 


PACHYCHELES GROSSIMANUS (Guérin). See page 559. 
Peru; Chile. 


PACHYCHELES RUDIS Stimpson. 
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1859, p. 76, pl. 1, fig. 5. 
Puget Sound to Lower California; Ecuador. 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 601 


PACHYCHELES PANAMENSIS Faxon. 

Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 24, 1893, p. 175; Mem. Mus. Comp. 
Zool., vol. 18, 1895, p. 71, pl. 15, figs. 2, 2a. Panama; 
Ecuador; Bahamas (Ortmann). 





PACHYCHELES VICARIUS Nobili. 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 415 
1901, p. 19. Ecuador. 


I 


Genus PORCELLANA Lamarck. 
PORCELLANA MITRA Dana. 
Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 419; atlas, 1855, pl. 26, 
fig. 9a—b. Island of San Lorenzo, Peru. 
PORCELLANA PULCHELLULA Cano. 
Boll. Soe. Nat. Napoli (1), vol. 3, 1889, p. 260. San Lorenzo, 
Peru. 
Genus POLYON YX Stimpson. 
POLYONYX TUBERCULIPES (Lockington). 
Pachycheles tuberculipes Locktnaton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), 
vol. 2, 1878, p. 404. Gulf of California; Ecuador. 


Genus PORCELLANOPSIS¢ Rathbun. 


PORCELLANOPSIS FEST (Nobili). 
Porcellanides feste Noir, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. 
Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, 1901, p. 21. Ecuador. 


Family GALATHEID. 


Genus GALATHEA Fabricius. 


GALATHEA LENZI Rathbun. 
Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 11, 1907, p. 49, pl. 3, fig. 1. 
Corral, Province Valdivia, Chile. 
Genus CERVIMUNIDA Benedict. 
CERVIMUNIDA JOHNI Porter. 
Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 7, 1903, p. 276, text figs. 8 and 
9, pl. 17. Chile. 


Genus MUNIDA Leach. 
MUNIDA GREGARIA (Fabricius). 
Galathea gregaria Fasricius, Ent. Syst., vol. 2, 1793, p. 473.— 
Grimotea gregaria MILNE Epwarps, Régne Anim. de Cuvier, 
p. 124, pl. 47, fig. 2 (Grimothea). Calbuco, Chile; Straits of 
Magellan; Falkland Islands. 
MUNIDA COKERI Rathbun. See page 559. 
Peru. 


@ Porcellanopsis, new genus, for Porcellanides Nobili, 1901, preoccupied by Por- 
cellanides Czerniawsky, 1884, Crust. Decap. Pontica Littoralia, p. 109. 


602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 


Genus PLEURONCODES Stimpson. 


PLEURONCODES MONODON (Milne Edwards). 

Galathea monodon Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 
1837, p. 276; Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (3), vol. 16, 1851, p. 71, 
pl. 11, figs. 6-9. Chile (Milne Edwards); (%) off Acapulco, 
Mexico, 94 to 286 fathoms (Faxon). 


Family AGLIDA. 


Genus AZXGLA Leach. 


EGLA LAEVIS (Latreille). 
Galathea levis LATREILLE, Tabl. Encyc. et Méth., pt. 24, 1818, 
pl. 308, fig. 2—#gla levis Leacu, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 18, 
1821, p. 49.—MiLNeE Epwarps, Cuvier’s Régne Anim., Atlas, 
Crust., “1849,” pl. 47, fig. 3. Chile; northwest Patagonia; 
Argentina; Uruguay; southern Brazil. Fresh water, rang- 
ing from mountains to lowlands. 


ZEGLA DENTICULATA (Nicolet). 
In Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, 1849, p. 200, pl. 2, fig. 1. Chile. 


Tribe NEPHROPSIDEA. 
Family ASTACIDE. 


Genus PARASTACUS Huxley. 


PARASTACUS CHILENSIS (Milne Edwards).0 
Astacus chilensis MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, 
p. 333. Chile. 


PARASTACUS HASSLERI Faxon. 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, 1898, p. 687, pl. 70, figs. 1-3. 
Taleahuano, Chile. 


PARASTACUS NICOLETII Faxon. 
Astacus chilensis NicoLeT (not MrNE Epwarps), in Gay, Hist. 
Chile, Zool., vol. 3, 1849, p. 211, pl. 1, fig. 4—Parastacus 
nicoletii Faxon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, 1898, p. 689. 
Chile. 


PARASTACUS AGASSIZII Faxon. 

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, 1898, p. 690, pl. 70, figs. 4, 5. 
Chile: Taleahuano; Lag. Llanquihué (Puerto Montt). Ar- 
gentina. 

« Professor Bouvier has kindly examined the type of Astacus chilensis Milne Edwards 


and considers it a Parastacus, but of a different species from those enumerated by 
Faxon. 


iit ta 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 603 





Tribe SCYLLARIDEA. 
Family PALINURID2. 
Genus PALINUSTUS A. Milne Edwards. 


PALINUSTUS FRONTALIS (Milne Edwards). 
Palinurus frontalis Mitné Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 


1837, p. 294. Chile (Milne Edwards); Juan Fernandez 
(Lenz). 


Genus PANULIRUS White. 


PANULIRUS ORNATUS (Fabricius). See page 560. 

Lower California to Peru; Indo-Pacific region. 

PANULIRUS PENICILLATUS (Olivier). 

Astacus penicillatus OLIvieR, Encyc. Méth., Hist. Nat., Insectes, 
vol. 6, 1791, p. 83438.—Panulirus penicillatus Barr, Challenger 
Macrura, 1888, p. 82, pl. 12, fig. 2. Galapagos Islands; 
Hawaiian Islands; South Pacific Islands to Red Sea. 


Family SCYLLARID. 
Genus SCYLLARUS Fabricius. 


SCYLLARUS DELFINI (Bouvier). 
Arctus delfind Bouvier, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 13, 
1909, p. 218, text fig. 30. Juan Fernandez, Chile. 


Genus EVIBACCUS Smith. 


EVIBACCUS PRINCEPS Smith. 
Amer. Jour. Sci. (2), vol. 42, 1866, p. 119. La Paz, Lower Cali- 


fornia; Panama; Ecuador. 
Tribe CARIDEA. 
Family GNATHOPHYLLID. 
Genus GNATHOPHYLLUM Latreille. 


_GNATHOPHYLLUM PANAMENSE Faxon. 
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 24, 1893, p. 198; Mem. Mus. Comp. 


Zooél., vol. 18, 1895, p. 146, pl. me. Reef at Panama, low 


tide. 
Family PONTONIIDZ. 


Genus CORALLIOCARIS Stimpson. 


CORALLIOCARIS CAMERANI Nobili. 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, 1901, 


no. 415, p. 3.- Ecuador: Isola Flamenco. 


604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 


Family PALAAMONID AN. 


Genus BITHYNIS Philippi. 


BITHYNIS CAMENTARIUS (Peeppig). 
Palemon cementarius Parrie, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, 
1836, p. 143. Chile. 
BITHYNIS CAXMENTARIUS GAUDICHAUDII (Milne Edwards). See page 560. 
Eeuador to Chile. 


Genus MACROBRACHIUM Bate. 


MACROBRACHIUM LAMARREI (Milne Edwards). 
Palemon lamarrei MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 
1837, p. 397.—Palemon amazonicus HELLER, Sitzungsb. 
Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 45, pt. 1, 1862, p. 418, pl. 2, fig. 45. 
Darien; Ecuador; Peru; Paraguay; Brazil; Guiana. 
MACROBRACHIUM NATTERERI (Heller). 

Palzemon nattereri HELLER, Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 45, 
pt. 1, 1862, p. 414, pl. 2, figs. 36, 37. Ecuador; Guiana; 
southern Brazil. 

MACROBRACHIUM MEXICANUM (Saussure). 

Palemon mexicanus SaussurE, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. 

Genéve, vol. 14, 1858, p. 468 [52], pl. 4, fig. 27, 27a. Cuba; 
Mexico; Isthmus of Panama. 
MACROBRACHIUM ACANTHURUS (Wiegmann). 

Palzemon acanthurus WirnGMann, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, 
1836, p. 150. Panama; Ecuador; Texas to Rio Grande do 
Sul, Brazil; West Africa. 

MACROBRACHIUM APPUNI AXQUATORIALE (Ortmann). 

Palemon appuni, var. xquatorialis Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. 

Syst., vol. 5, 1891, p. 723, pl. 47, fig.6. Ecuador. 
MACROBRACHIUM OLFERSII (Wiegmann). 

Palxemon olfersii WinGMAnn, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1836, 
p. 150.—Palemon spinimanus voN Martens, Arch. f. 
Naturg:, vol. 85, pt: 1, 1869, -p. 26, pl. 2; fie. 33° bay Paz, 
Mexico, to Rio Sabana, Darien; West Indies to Rio de 
Janeiro; West Africa. 

MACROBRACHIUM JAMAICENSE (Herbst). See page 561. 

Fresh waters of Pacific slope of America from Lower California 
to Peru, and of Atlantic slope, from Texas to Brazil, includ- 
ing West Indies. 


Genus PALASMON Weber. 


PALEMON RITTERI Holmes. See page 501. 
San Diego, California, to Peru. 


STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 605 








NO. 1766. 
Genus CRYPHIOPS Dana. 
CRYPHIOPS SPINULOSOMANUS Dana. 

Cryphiops spinuloso-manus DANA, Crust. U.S. (xpl. Exped., 


pt. 1, 1852, p. 595; atlas, 1855, pl. 39, fig. 4a—h (spinulosi- 


manus). Chile, in fresh-water streams, 50 to 100 miles 


from the sea. 
Family RHYNCHOCINETID. 


Genus RHYNCHOCINETES Milne Edwards. 


See page 562. 


RHYNCHOCINETES TYPUS Milne Edwards. 
Peru; Chile; New Zealand; Australia; Indian Ocean. 


Family HIPPOLYTIDA. 
Genus HIPPOLYSMATA Stimpson. 


HIPPOLYSMATA PORTERI Rathbun. 
Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 11, 1907, p. 49, pl. 3, fig. 4. 


Bay of Valparaiso, Chile. 


Genus NAUTICARIS Bate. 
NAUTICARIS MARIONIS Bate. 
Challenger Macrura, 1888, p. 603, pl. 108. Chile: Cavancha 
(Lenz). Off Falkland Islands, 12 fathoms; Indian Ocean, 
69 to 140 fathoms. 


Family CRANGONIDAS (=ALPHEIDS). 


Genus BETA. UsS Dana: 


BETEUS TRUNCATUS Dana. 
Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 559; atlas, 1855, pl. 


35, fig. 10a—c. Chile to Straits of Magellan. 


BET#£US SCABRODIGITUS Dana. 
Betzus scabro-digitus Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 


1852, p. 560; atlas, 1855, pl. 35, fig. 12a—f. Chile. 


BETZEUS, sp., Nobili. 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 402, 


1901, p. 3. San Vicente, Chile. 


Genus ALPHEOPSIS Coutiére. 


bo 


ALPHEOPSIS CHILENSIS Coutiére. 
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (8), vol. 9, 1899, p. 193, text fig. 23: 


Chile: Taleahuano; Juan Fernandez. 


606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Genus SYNALPHEUS Bate. 


SYNALPHEUS NOBILII Coutiére. 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, 1909, p. 40, text fig. 22. St. 
Helena, Ecuador. 
SYNALPHEUS LOCKINGTONI Coutiére. 
Alpheus leviusculus Locxineton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), vol. 
1, 1878, p. 474.—Synalpheus lockingtont CovutTiERE, Proc. 
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, 1909, p. 21, text fig. 1. Off San 
Nicolas Island, California, 229 to 298 (alone: Gulf of Cali- 
fornia; Baia di S. Elena, Ecuador. 
SYNALPHEUS LATASTEI Coutiére. See page 562. 
Peru; Chile; Australia (7%). 
SYNALPHEUS TOWNSENDI PERUVIANUS Rathbun. See page 563. 
Matapalo, Peru. 
SYNALPHEUS DIGUETI ECUADORENSIS Coutiére. 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, 1909, p. 49, text fig. 28, aa, cc. 
St. Helena, Ecuador. 
SYNALPHEUS SPINIFRONS (Milne Edwards). 
Alpheus spinifrons MiLNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 
1837, p. 355.—NIcoLET, in Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, 
1849, p. 214; atlas, vol. 2, 1854, Crust., pl. 2, fig. 2, 2a. 
Cl 
ie: 


Genus CRANGON Weber (=ALPHEUS Fabricius). 


CRANGON BOUVIERI CHILENSIS (Coutiére). 
Alpheus Rune var. chilensis CouTIERE, in Lenz, Zool. Jahrb., 
Suppl. vol. 5, 1902, p. 732. Calbuco, Chile. 
CRANGON CLAMATOR (Lockington). 
Alpheus clamator Locxtnaton, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 
1876 (1877), p. 43.—Hotmgs, Occas. Papers Cal. Acad. 
Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 182, pl. 2, figs. 39,40. Farallon Islands, 
California, to San Bartolome Bay, Lower California; 
Panama. 
CRANGON HETEROCHALLIS (Say). 
Alpheus heterochelis Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 1, 
1818, p. 243. eae heterochelis Herrick, Mem. Nat. 
Acad. Sci., vol. 5, 1891, p. 372, pl. 2. West coast of Nica- 
ragua A oe (Kinsaiey)s Punta di Sant ’Elena, 
Ecuador (Nobili); east coast of North Americ: 
CRANGON MAINDRONI (Coutiére). 
Alpheus maindroni Coutrere, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1898, 
p. 133, figs. 2, 2’. Puerto Montt, Chile; Mascate and 
Djibouti (Coutiére). 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU--RATHBUN. 607 





CRANGON MALLEATOR (Dana). 
Alpheus malleator Dana, Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, 
p. 557; atlas, 1855, pl. 31, fig.9. Baia di S. Elena, Ecuador; 
Galapagos Islands; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (4); Cape Verde 
Islands. 
CRANGON PANAMENSIS (Kingsley). 
Alpheus panamensis Kinasiey, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 4, 
1878, p. 192. Acajutla, Salvador; Panama. 
CRANGON, sp. 
Alpheus sp., Nosiit, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. 
Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, 1901, p. 3. Punta di S. Elena 
Ecuador. 


Family PANDALID. 


Genus PANDALUS Leach. 
PANDALUS PAUCIDENS Miers. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 74, pl. 7, figs. 6 and 7. Chile: 
Calbuco; Cavancha. Patagonia. 
Family DISCID. 
Genus DISCIAS Rathbun. 


DISCIAS SERRIFER Rathbun. 
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 290, text figs. 2-4. Gala- 
pagos Islands, on reef. 


Tribe PENEIDEA. 
Family PENEID. 
Genus PENEUS Weber. 


PENEUS BREVIROSTRIS Kingsley. See page 504. 

San Francisco Bay, California, to Peru; Galapagos Islands. 
PENEUS STYLIROSTRIS (Stimpson). See page 564. 

Panama; Peru. 


Genus METAPEN US Wood-Mason. 


METAPEN#US GOODEI (Smith). 
Parapeneus goodei Smrru, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 8, 1885, 
p. 176. Bay of Panama; North Carolina to Brazil; 
Bermuda. 


Genus PARAPENUS Smith. 


PARAPENZUS KISHINOUYEI Rathbun. 
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 288, pl. 12, figs. 13-15. 
we 
Galapagos Islands, on reef, and also at 2 fathoms. 


608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





Genus XIPHOPENEUS Smith. 


XIPHOPENEUS RIVETI Bouvier. 
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 1907, No.2, p. 113, text fig.1. Payta, 
Peru. 
Order STOMATOPODA. 


Family CHLORIDELLID. 
Genus CHLORIDELLA Miers. 


CHLORIDELLA ARMATA (Milne Edwards). 
Squilla armata Mitné Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, 
p- 521. Chile: Valparaiso Bay; Talcahuano. 
CHLORIDELLA DUBIA (Milne Edwards). See page 565. 
Ecuador; Peru; South Carolina; Georgia. 
CHLORIDELLA PARVA (Bigelow). 
Squilla parva BieELow, Proc. U.S: Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 
518, text figs. 11, 12. Off Manzanillo, Mexico; Bay of 
Panama, 7 to 16 fathoms. 


CHLORIDELLA ACULEATA (Bigelow). 
Squilla aculeata BieEtow, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., vol. 12, 
1893, p. 101; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 528, 

text figs. 15,16. Panama; Iquique, Chile. 


Genus GONODACTYLUS Latreille. 


GONODACTYLUS FEST Nobili. 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, 


1901, p. 53. Ecuador. 


Genus PSEUDOSQUILLA Dana. 


PSEUDOSQULLA LESSONII (Guérin). See page 565. 
Wilmington, California, to Chile. 


PSEUDOSQUILLA BIGELOWI Rathbun.a 
Gonodactylus styliferus MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 
2, 1837, p. 530, pl. 27, figs. 9-14. Chile; California; Aus- 

tralia. 


Genus LYSIOSQUILLA Dana. 


LYSIOSQUILLA POLYDACTYLA von Martens. 
Sitzungsb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1881, p. 92. Locality un- 
known, probably Chile. 


LYSIOSQUILLA DECEMSPINOSA Rathbun. See page 566. 
Capon, Peru. 


« New name for P. stylifera (Milne Edwards, 1837), not P. stylifera (Lamarck, 1818) 
Dana. 





NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 609 





SPECIES OF WHICH THE LOCALITY IS INCORRECT OR DOUBTFUL. 


Actxa hirsutissima (Riippell). Payta (Cano). 

Calappa granulata (Linnzeus). Panama (Cano). 

Calappa hepatica (Linnzus). Payta (Cano). 

Carpilius maculatus (Linnzeus). Payta (Cano). 

Ceratoplax ciliata Stimpson. Ecuador (Cano). 

Cosmonotus grayi White. Callao (Cano). 

Dorippe dorsipes (Linneus). Payta (Cano). 

Epixanthus frontalis (Milne Edwards). Panama (Cano). 

“ Eriphia levimana var. smithii McLeay.’? Panama (Cano). 

“ Euryozius bowvieri var. mellissii Miers.’’ Panama (Cano). 

“ Leptodius exaratus var. sanguineus (Milne Edwards).’’ Payta (Cano). 

“ Neptunus (Amphitrite) gladiator var. argentatus White.’’ Payta (Cano). 
“Ozius rugosus Milne Edwards and Lucas.’’ Chile (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 
Podophthalmus vigil (Fabricius). Payta (Cano). 

*“ Remipes adactylus (Fabricius).’’ Valparaiso? (Ortmann). 

Thalamita integra Dana. Payta (Cano). 


SPECIES WHICH ARE INDETERMINABLE. 


Atelecyclus dilatatus Philippi. Nomen nudum. Chile. 

“ Callianassa gigas Dana?” San Carlos de Ancud, Chiloé (Cunningham), 
Cancer apancora Molina. Chile. 

Cancer cementarius Molina. Chile. 

Cancer coronatus Molina. Chile. Perhaps =Cancer plebejus Poeppig. 
Cancer talicuna Molina. Chile. 

“Gelasimus pugilator” Cano, not (Bosc). Panama. 

“Gelasimus vocator” Cano. Gulf of Panama. 

Pirimela chilensis Philippi. Nomen nudum. Chile. 

Uca vocator Doflein. Guayaquil, Ecuador. 

Uca vocator, var., Nobili. Esmeraldas, Ecuador. 

Xantho parvulus Cano. Panama. 


SUMMARY OF SYNONYMS. 


Abrote spinimana Philippi=Blepharipoda occidentalis Randall. 
Acanthocyclus gay Vargioni-Tozzetti=Acanthocyclus albatrossis Rathbun. 
— Acanthocyclus gayi Miers=? Acanthocyclus albatrossis Rathbun. 
— Acanthocyclus gayi Strahl=Acanthocyclus albatrossis Rathbun. 
— Acanthocyclus villosus Strahl=Acanthocyclus gayi Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
Acanthonyx concamerata Kinahan=Acanthonyx petiverti Milne Edwards. 
Acanthonyx debilis Dana=Acanthonyx petiverii Milne Edwards. 
Acanthonyx emarginatus Milne Edwards and Lucas=<Acanthonyx petiverii Milne 
_ Edwards. 
— Acanthoplax insignis Milne Edwards= Uca insignis (Milne Edwards). 
— Acanthopus clavimanus Krauss=Percnon planissimum (Herbst). 
— Acanthopus gibbesi Milne Edwards=Percnon planissimum (Herbst). 
— Acanthus spinohirsutus Lockington=Pilumnus spinohirsutus (Lockington). 
Acheloiis acuminatus Stimpson=Portunus (Portunus) acuminatus (Stimpson). 
Acheloiis brevimanus Faxon=Portunus (Acheloiis) brevimanus (Faxon). 
Acheloiis panamensis Stimpson=Portunus (Portunus) panamensis (Stimpson). 
— Acheloiis smithii Verrill=Portunus (Acheloiis) spinimanus (Latreille). 
_ Acheloiis spinimanus Faxon=Portunus (Achelotis) brevimanus (Faxon). 


Proc. N.M. vol.38—10 39 








610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ~ VOL. 38. 





Acheloiis transversus Stimpson=Portunus (Portunus) transversus (Stimpson). 
Acheloiis xantusii Stimpson=Portunus (Portunus) xantusii (Stimpson). 

Acta labyrinthica Stimpson=Glyptoxanthus labyrinthicus (Stimpson). 

Actxa meandrica Lockington=Glyptoxanthus labyrinthicus (Stimpson). 
Actxodes mexicanus Lockington=Xanthodius sternberghii Stimpson. 

Aiglea levigata Milne Edwards and Lucas=4ég/a levis (Latreille). 

Aiglea odebrechtii Fritz Miiller=digla levis (Latreille). 

Albunzxa scutellata Dana=? Lepidopa chilensis Lenz. 

Albunhippa spinosa Milne Edwards and Lucas=Blepharipoda occidentalis Randall. 
Alpheus bouvieri chilensis Coutiére=Crangon bowviert chilensis (Coutiére). 
Alpheus clamator Lockington=Crangon clamator (Lockington). 

Alpheus heterochelis Say =Crangon heterochxlis (Say ). 

Alpheus levigatus Nicolet=? Betwus truncatus Dana. 

Alpheus leviusculus Lockington=Synalpheus lockingtoni Coutiere. 

Alpheus maindroni Coutiére=Crangon maindroni (Coutieére). 

Alpheus malleator Dana=Crangon malleator (Dana). 

Alpheus panamensis Kingsley =Crangon panamensis (Kingsley). 

Alpheus pugilator A. Milne Edwards=Crangon malleator (Dana). 

Alpheus scabrodigitus Miers= Betxus scabrodigitus Dana. 

Alpheus, sp., Nobili=Crangon, sp. 

Alpheus spinifrons Milne Edwards=Synalpheus s pinifrons (Milne Edwards). 
Amphitrite edwardsii Lockington=Cronius edwardsir (Lockington). 

Amphitrite paucispinis Lockington=Portunus (Portunus) panamensis (Stimpson). 
Arctus delfini Bouvier=Scyllarus delfini (Bouvier). 

Arenxus bidens Smith=Arenxus mexicanus (Gerstecker). 

Arica septemdentata White= Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) orbicularis (Meuschen). 
Astacus chilensis Milne Edwards=Parastacus chilensis (Milne Edwards). 
Atelecyclus spinulosus White= Hypopeltarium spinulosum (White). 

Atergatis cristatissimus Lockington=Platypodia rotundata (Stimpson). 
Atergatis rotundatus Stimpson=Platypodia rotundata (Stimpson). 

Bernhardus xquimanus Dana=TIsocheles equimanus (Dana). 

Bernhardus barbiger A. Milne Edwards= Pagurus barbiger (A. Milne Edwards). 
Bernhardus edwardsii Dana= Pagurus edwardsti (Dana). 

Bernhardus obesocarpus Dana= Pagurus obesocar pus (Dana). 

Bernhardus perlatus Kinahan, not Milne Edwards= Pagurus edwardsii (Dana). 
Bithynis forceps Bate= Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann). 

Bithynis jamaicensis Bate= Macrobrachium jamaicense (Herbst). 

Bithynis longimana Philippi=Bithynis cementarius gaudichaudii (Milne Edwards). 
Bithynis spinimanus Bate= Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann). 

Blepharopoda spinimana (Philippi)=Blepharipoda occidentalis Randall. 
Blepharopoda spinosa Stimpson=Blepharipoda occidentalis Randall. 

Boscia chilensis Milne Edwards=Pseudothelphusa chilensis (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 
Boscia dentata Milne Edwards= Pseudothelphusa dentata (Latreille). 

Boscia macropa Milne Edwards=Pseudothel phusa macropa (Milne Edwards). 
Calappa angustata Fabricius= Hepatus angustatus (Fabricius). 

Calappa flammea Cano, not (Herbst)=? Calappa convera Saussure. 

Calappa xantusiana Stimpson=Calappa convexa Saussure. 

Cancer (Astacus) jamaicensis Herbst= Macrobrachium jamaicense (Herbst). 
Cancer chabrus Linnzeus=Plagusia chabrus (Linnzeus). 

Cancer dentatus Bell= Cancer polyodon Peeppig. 

Cancer emeritus Linnseus=Emerita emerita (Linnzeus). 

Cancer grapsus Linneus=Grapsus grapsus (Linnzeus). 

Cancer irroratus Bell, not Say=Cancer plebejus Peeppig. 

Cancer minutus Linuzeus=Planes minutus (Linnzeus). 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACHA OF PERU-—RATHBUN. 611 





Cancer mutilatus Herbst=? Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) pictus (Milne Edwards). 

Cancer orbicularis Meuschen= Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) orbicularis (Meuschen). 

Cancer planatus Fabricius= Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius). 

Cancer planipes Seba=Percnon planissimum (Herbst). 

Cancer planissimus Herbst=Percnon planissimum (Herbst). 

Cancer pusillus Fabricius= Planes minutus (Linnzus). 

Cancer santolla Molina=? Lithodes antarctica Jacquinot. 

Cancer septemdentatus Herbst= Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) orbicularis (Meuschen). 

Cancer setosus Molina=? Cancer polyodon Poeppig. 

Cancer ( Thelphusa) dentatus de Haan=Pseudothelphusa dentata (Latreille), 

Cancer tibicen Herbst= Calcinus tibicen (Herbst). 

Cancer variegatus Fabricius= Leptograpsus variegatus (abricius). 

Cancer xaiva Molina=? Epialtus dentatus Milne Edwards. 

Cenobita intermedia Streets=Coanobita panamensis Streets. 

Charybdella edwardsii Rathbun=Cronius edwardsii (Lockington). 

Chlorodius fisheri Lockington=Leptodius occidentalis (Stimpson). 

Chlorodius occidentalis Stimpson= Leptodius occidentalis (Stimpson). 

Cenobita clypeata Owen=Cenobita rugosus Milne Edwards. 

Cenobita compressa, var. rugosa Bouvier=Cenobita rugosus Milne Edwards. 

Cenobita compressus de Man, not Guérin=Cenobita rogosus Milne Edwards. 

Corystes sicarius Poeppig=Pseudocorystes sicarius (Poeppig). 

Corystoides armatus Philippi=Pseudocorystes sicarius (Poeppig). 

Cronius ruber Nobili, not (Lamarck)=Cronius edwardsii (Lockington). 

Cry ptograpsus cirripes Smith=Cyrtograpsus angulatus Dana. 

Cyclograpsus crenulatus Milne Edwards= Hemigrapsus crenulatus (Milne Edwards). 

Cyclograpsus (?) gnatherion Kinahan= Pinnotherelia levigata Milne Edwards and Lucas. 

Cyclograpsus minutus Jacquinot and Lucas=Cyclograpsus punctatus Milne Edwards. 

Cyclograpsus punctatus Kinahan, not Milne Edwards=Cyclograpsus cinereus Dana. 

Dilocarcinus cryptodus Ortmann= Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) emarginatus (Milne 
Edwards). 

Dilocarcinus emarginatus Milne Edwards= Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) emarginatus 
(Milne Edwards). 

Dilocarcinus margaritifrons Ortmann= Trichodactylus (Valdivia) margaritifrons (Ort- 
mann). 

Dilocarcinus pagei Stimpson= Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) orbicularis (Meuschen). 

Dilocarcinus pardalinus Gersteecker= Trichodactylus ( Valdivia) pardalinus (Gersteecker). 

Dilocarcinus pictus Milne Edwards=Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) pictus (Milne 
Edwards). 

Dilocarcinus septemdentatus Gersteecker= Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) orbicularis 
(Meuschen). 

Dilocarcinus spinifrons Kingsley=Trichodactylus (Valdivia) peruvianus (A. Milne 
Edwards). 

Epialtus affinis Stimpson= EF pialtus bituberculatus Milne Edwards. 

Epialtus brasiliensis Dana= FE pialtus bituberculatus Milne Edwards. 

Epialtus dilatatus A. Milne Edwards= FE pialtus bituberculatus Milne Edwards. 

Epialtus minimus Lockington=FEpialtus bituberculatus Lockington. 

Epialtus sulcirostris Stimpson= FE pialtus bituberculatus Lockington. 

Eriphia hispida Stimpson=LEriphides hispida (Stimpson). 

Euctenota mexicana Gersteecker=Arenxus mexicanus (Gersteecker). 

Eupagurus barbiger Lenz= Pagurus barbiger A. Milne Edwards. 

Eupagurus benedicti Bouvier=Pagurus benedicti (Bouvier). 

Eupagurus comptus Stimpson= Pagurus comptus White. 

Eupagurus edwards: Lenz= Pagurus edwardsw (Dana). 

Eupagurus gladius Benedict= Pagurus gladius (Benedict). 


612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








Eupagurus minutus Benedict= Pagurus benedicti (Bouvier). 

Eupagurus obesocarpus Stimpson= Pagurus obesocarpus (Dana). 

Eupagurus perlatus Stimpson=Pagurus perlatus Milne Edwards. 

Eupagurus purpuratus Benedict= Pagurus purpuratus (Benedict). 

Eurypodius audouinii Milne Edwards and Lucas=Eurypodius latreillii Guérin. 

Eurypodius brevipes Dana= Fury podius latreillii Guérin. 

Eurypodius septentrionalis Dana=Eurypodius latreillii Guérin. 

Eurypodius tuberculatus Eydoux and Souleyet=Furypodius latreillii Guérin. 

Fabia chilensis Dana= Pinnaxodes chilensis (Milne Edwards). 

Galathea gregaria Fabricius= Munida gregaria (Fabricius). 

Galathea levis Latreille= gla levis (Latreille). 

Galathea latirostris Lenz, not Dana=Galathea lenzi Rathbun. 

Galathea monodon Milne Edwards=Pleuroncodes monodon (Milne Edwards). 

Gecarcinus barbiger Poeeppig=Paraxanthus barbiger (Poeppig). 

Gecarcinus depressus Saussure=Gecarcinus lateralis (Freminville). 

Gecarcinus regius Peeppig=Homalaspis plana (Milne Edwards). 

Gecarcinus ruricola Cano, Nobili, not (Linnzeus)=Gecarcinus lateralis (Fremimville). 

Gelasimus ( Acanthoplax) excellens Gersteecker= Uca insignis (Milne Edwards). 

Gelasimus armatus Smith= Uca insignis (Milne Edwards). 

Gelasimus brevifrons Stimpson= Uca brevifrons (Stimpson). 

Gelasimus gibbosus Smith= Uca stenodactylus (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 

Gelasimus heterocheles Kingsley (part)= Uca princeps (Smith). 

Gelasimus heterophthalmus Smith= Uca stylifera (Milne Edwards). 

Gelasimus insignis Smith= Uca insignis (Milne Edwards). 

Gelasimus latimanus Rathbun= Uca latimanus (Rathbun). 

Gelasimus macrodactylus Milne Edwards and Lucas= Uca macrodactylus (Milne Edwards 
and Lucas). 

Gelasimus ornatus Smith= Uca insignis (Milne Edwards). 

Gelasimus panamensis Stimpson= Uca panamensis (Stimpson). 

Gelasimus platydactylus Milne Edwards in Régne Anim., not Milne Edwards, 1837= 
Uca stylifera (Milne Edwards). 

Gelasimus platydactylus Saussure=? Uca princeps (Smith). 

Gelasimus princeps Smith= Uca princeps (Smith). 

Gelasimus stenodactylus Milne Edwards and Lucas= Uca stenodactylus (Milne Edwards 
and Lucas). 

Gelasimus styliferus Milne Edwards= Uca stylifera (Milne Edwards). 

Gelasimus vocator Kingsley (part)= Uca brevifrons (Stimpson). 

Geograpsus occidentalis Stimpson=Geograpsus lividus (Milne Edwards). 

Geothelphusa chilensis Heller=Potamon (Geothelphusa) chilensis (Heller). 

Glyptograpsus spinipes Cano=Glyptograpsus impressus Smith. 

Gnathochasmus barbatus McLeay=Cyclograpsus punctatus Milne Edwards. 

Goniograpsus innotatus Dana=Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes). 

Goniograpsus pulcher Lockington=Goniopsis pulchra (Lockington). 

Goniograpsus simplex Kinahan=? Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall. 

Goniopsis cruentatus Cano, part, not de Haan=? Goniopsis pulchra (Lockington). 

Gonodactylus chiragra Nobili, 1897=Gonodactylus fest Nobili. 

Gonodactylus styliferus Milne Edwards= Pseudosquilla stylifera (Milne Edwards). 

Grapsus altifrons Stimpson=Grapsus grapsus (Linneus). 

Grapsus brevipes Milne Edwards=Geograpsus lividus (Milne Edwards). 

Grapsus cinereus Say, not Bose=Planes minutus (Linneeus). 

Grapsus declivifrons Heller=Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes). 

Grapsus diris Costa=Planes minutus (Linneeus). 

Grapsus eydouxi Milne Edwards=Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall. 

Grapsus (Grapsus) pusillus de Haan=Planes minutus (Linnzeus). 


oe 


No. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 613 





Grapsus lividus Milne Edwards=Geograpsus lividus (Milne Edwards). 

Grapsus maculatus Milne Edwards=Grapsus grapsus (Linnzus). 

Grapsus minutus Latreille=Planes minutus (Linneus). 

Grapsus ornatus Milne Edwards=Grapsus grapsus (Linneus). 

Grapsus pelagicus Say =Planes minutus (Linnzeus). 

Grapsus personatus Lamarck=Leplograpsus variegatus (Fabricius). 

Grapsus pictus Latreille=Grapsus grapsus (Linneus). 

Grapsus planifrons Dana=Leptograpsus variegatus (labricius). 

Grapsus strigosus Kinahan=? Grapsus grapsus (Linnzeus). 

Grapsus testudinum Roux=Planes minutus (Linneus). 

Grapsus transversus Gibbes=Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes). 

Grapsus variegatus Latreille=Leplograpsus variegatus (Fabricius). 

Grapsus webbi Milne Edwards=Grapsus grapsus (Linneus). 

Grimotea gregaria Guérin, not Leach= Munida cokeri Rathbun. 

Grimothea gregaria Leach= Munida gregaria (Fabricius). 

Guaia (ilia) jurinet Saussure=Leucosilia jurinei (Saussure). 

Hemigrapsus sanguineus Lenz, not Milne Edwards=/Hemigrapsus crenulatus (Milne 
Edwards). 

Hepatus angustatus Kinahan, Cano, and Lenz, not (abricius)=/epatus kossmanni 
Neumann. 

Hepatus perlatus Peeppig=Pilumnoides perlatus (Poeppig). 

Heteractxa pilosus Lockington= Heteractea lunata (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 

Hippa analoga Stimpson= Emerita analoga (Stimpson). 

Hippa emerita Dana= Emerita emerita (Linnzeus). 

IMippa talpoides Dana= Emerita analoga (Stimpson). 

Hyas edwardsii Bell= Pisoides edwardsii (Bell). 

Hymenosoma tridentatum Jacquinot and Lucas=? [Talicarcinus planatus (Wabricius). 

Hypolobocera chilensis Ortmann = Pseudothelphusa chilensis (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 

Inachus mitis Poeppig= Epialtus dentatus Milne Edwards. 

Inachus tuberculatus Lockington=Dasygyius tuberculatus (Lockington). 

Lambrus hyponcus Stimpson=Parthenope (Parthenope) hyponcus (Stimpson). 

Leander ritteri Nobili=Palxmon ritteri Holmes. 

Leiolophus planissimus Miers=Percnon planissimum (Herbst). 

Leptodius lobatus A. Milne Edwards= Nanthodius lobatus (A. Milne Edwards). 

Leptodius sternberghii A. Milne Edwards= Xanthodius sternberghit Stimpson. 

Leptograpsus ansoni Milne Edwards=Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius). 

Leptograpsus gayi Milne Edwards= Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius). 

Leptograpsus rugulosus Milne Edwards= Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes). 

Leptograpsus verreauxi Milne Edwards=Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius). 

Leptopodia debilis Smith=Stenorynchus debilis (Smith). 

Leptopodia modesta A. Milne Edwards=Stenorynchus debilis (Smith). 

Leptopodia sagittaria Milne Edwards and Lucas, not (Fabricius)=Stenorynchus debilis 
(Smith). : 

Leucippa ensenade Milne Edwards and Lucas=Leucippa pentagona Milne Edwards. 

Leucippa levis Dana=Leucippa pentagona Milne Edwards. 

Leucosia pacifica Peeppig=? Cyclograpsus cinereus Dana. 

Liriopea leachii Nicolet=? Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius). 

Liriopea lucasii Nicolet=? Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius). 

Lophactxa rotundata A. Milne Edwards=Platypodia rotundata (Stimpson). 

Macrobrachium americanum Bate= Macrobrachium jamaicense (Herbst). 

Metopograpsus dubius Saussure=Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes). 

Metopograpsus miniatus Saussure=Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes). 

Microphrys error Kingsley= Microphrys platysoma (Stimpson). 

Microrhynchus depressus Bell=Dasygyius depressus (Bell). 








614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 38. 





Microrhynchus gibbosus Bell=Dasygyius gibbosus (Bell). 

Microrhynchus (Inachus) tuberculatus Lockington=Dasygyius tuberculatus (Lock- 
ington). 

Milnia platysoma Stimpson= Microphrys platysoma (Stimpson). 

Mithraculus areolatus Lockington= Mithrax areolatus (Lockington). 

Mithrax ( Teleophrys) cristulipes A. Milne Edwards= Teleophrys cristulipes Stimpson. 

Mithrax ursus Bell= Mithrax bellii Gersteecker. 

Mitraculus ruber Cano, not Stimpson=? Mithrax nodosus Bell. 

Mitraculus tumidus Cano= Mithrax tumidus (Cano). 

Myra townsendi Rathbun=Persephona townsendi (Rathbun). 

Nautilograpsus angustatus Stimpson= Planes minutus (Linneeus). 

Nautilograpsus major McLeay=Planes minutus (Linneus). 

Nautilograpsus minutus Milne Edwards=Planes minutus (Linneeus). 

Nautilograpsus smithii McLeay= Planes minutus (Linneus). 

Nemausa spinipes A. Milne Edwards= Mithrax spinipes (Bell). 

Neorhynchus depressus A. Milne Edwards=Dasygyius depressus (Bell). 

Neorhynchus gibbosus A. Milne Edwards=Dasygyius gibbosus (Bell). 

Neorhynchus mexicanus Rathbun=Dasygyius tuberculatus (Lockington). 

Neptunus acuminatus A. Milne Edwards=Portunus acuminatus (Stimpson). 

Neptunus asper A. Milne Edwards=Portunus xantusii (Stimpson). 

Neptunus (Callinectes) diacanthus Ortmann, part (from southern Chile)=either Cal- 
linectes arcuatus Ordway or C. toxotes Ordway. 

Neptunus cribrarius Cano, not (Lamarck)=Arenxus mexicanus (Gersteecker). 

Neptunus diacanthus Cano and Doflein, part, not (Latreille)=Callinectes, species 
indeterminable. 

Neptunus mexicanus A. Milne Edwards=Arenxus mexicanus (Gerstecker). 

Neptunus panamensis A. Milne Edwards=Portunus panamensis (Stimpson). 

Neptunus transversus A. Milne Edwards=Portunus transversus (Stimpson). 

Neptunus xantusii A. Milne Edwards=Portunus xantusii (Stimpson). 

Ocypoda lateralis Freminville=Gecarcinus lateralis (Freminville). : 

Ocypoda urvillei Doflein, not Milne Edwards=? Ocypode occidentalis Stimpson. 

Ocy pode (Acanthopus) clavimana de Haan=Percnon planissimum (Herbst). 

Ocypode (Acanthopus) serripes de Haan=Percnon planissimum (Herbst). 

(Edipleura occidentalis Ortmann= Ucides occidentalis (Ortmann). 

Orthograpsus hillii Kingsley =Geograpsus lividus (Milne Edwards). 

Orthostoma emarginatum Ortmann= Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) emarginatus (Milne 
<dwards). 

Orthostoma latidens Ortmann= Trichodactylus ( Valdivia) latidens (A. Milne Edwards). 

Orthostoma margariti/rons Ortmann= Trichodactylus (Valdivia) margaritifrons (Ort- 
mann). 

Orthostoma pardalinum Ortmann= Trichodactylus (Valdivia) pardalinus (Gerstecker). 

Orthostoma peruvianum Ortmann= Trichodactylus (Valdivia) peruvianus (A. Milne 
Edwards). 

Orthostoma pictum Ortmann= Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) pictus (Milne Edwards). 

Orthostoma septemdentatum Ortmann= Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) orbicularis (Meu- 
schen). 

Othonia aculeata (?) Cano, not (Gibbes)=? Pitho quinquedentata (Bell). 

Othonia mirabilis Cano, not (Herbst)=Pitho sexdentata (Bell). 

Othonia sexdentata Bell=Pitho sexdentata (Bell). 

Ozius rugosus Milne Edwards and Lucas= Lydia tenax (Riippell). 

Pachycheles levidactylus Ortmann=Pachycheles grossimanus (Guérin). 

Pachygrapsus advena Catta=Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes). 

Pachygrapsus intermedius Weller=Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes). 

Pachygrapsus levimanus Stimpson=Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes). 


NO. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 615 





Pachygrapsus socius Stimpson=Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes). 

Pagurus chilensis Milne Edwards=Calcinus chilensis (Milne Edwards). 

Pagurus maculatus Catesby =Grapsus grapsus (Linnzeus). 

Pagurus sinistripes Stimpson=Dardanus sinistripes (Stimpson). 

Pagurus tibicen Bosc=Calcinus tibicen (Herbst). 

Pagurus tomentosus Milne Edwards=Paguristes tomentosus (Milne Edwards). 

Pagurus weddzilii Milne Edwards= Paguristes weddellii (Milne Edwards). 

Palexmon acanthurus Wiegmann= Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann). 

Palemon africanus Kingsley= Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann). 

Palemon amazonicus Heller= Macrobrachium lamarrei (Milne Edwards). 

Palemon appuni, var. xquatorialis Ortmann= Macrobrachium appuni xquatoriale 
(Ortmann). 

Palxmon aztecus Saussure= Macrobrachium jamaicense (Herbst). 

Palemon brachydactylus Wiegmann= Macrobrachium jamaicense (Herbst). 

Palemon brasiliensis Heller= Macrobrachium nattereri (Heller). 

Palemon cementarius Peppig=Bbithynis cxmentarius (Peeppig). 

Palemon dasydactylus Streets= Macrobrachium mexicanum (Saussure). 

Palemon faustinus Saussure= Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann). 

Palemon forceps Milne Edwards= Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann). 

Palemon gaudichaudii Milne Edwards and Lucas=Bithynis cementarius gaudichaudii 
(Milne Edwards). 

Palemon jamaicensis Milne Edwards= Macrobrachium jamaicense (Herbst). 

Palemon lamarrei Milne Edwards= Macrobrachium lamarrei (Milne Edwards). 

Palexmon mexicanus Saussure= Macrobrachium mexicanum (Saussure). 

Palemon nattereri Heller= Macrobrachium natterert (Heller). 

Palemon olfersii Wiegmann= Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann). 

Palexmon punctatus Randall= Macrobrachium jamaicense (Herbst). 

Palemon sexdentatus Streets= Macrobrachium mexicanum (Saussure). 

Palemon gaudichaudii Milne Edwards=Bithynis cementarius gaudichaudii (Milne 
Edwards). 

Palemon macrobrachion Herklots= Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann). 

Palemon spinimanus Milne Edwards= Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann). 

Palinurus brevipes Pfeffer, part=Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius). 

Palinurus fasciatus de Haan=Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius). 

Palinurus frontalis Milne Edwards=Palinustus frontalis (Mine Edwards). 

Palinurus inflatus Bouvier=Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius). 

Palinurus martensii Nobili=Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius). 

Palinurus ornatus Fabricius=Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius). 

Palinurus pexssleri Pietfer=Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius). 

Panzxus occidentalis Streets=Peneus stylirostris (Stimpson). 

Panopeus affinis Streets and Kingsley=Eurytium affine (Streets and Kingsley). 

Panopeus crenatus Milne Edwards and Lucas=Hurypanopeus crenatus (Milne Edwards 
and Lucas). 

Panopeus planus Smith=Eurypanopeus planus (Smith). 

Panopeus transversus Stimpson=Eurypanopeus transversus (Stimpson). 

Panopeus validus Smith=Panopeus chilensis Milne Edwards and Lucas 

Panulirus gracilis Streets=Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius). 

Panulirus polyphagus Ortmann, part=Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius). 

Paralpheus spinifrons Bate=Synalpheus spinifrons (Milne Edwards). 

Parazxanthus hirtipes Milne Edwards and Lucas=Paraxanthus barbiger (Pceppig). 

Paraxanthus sexdecimdentatus Dana=Cycloxanthops sexdecimdentatus (Milne Edwards 
and Lucas). 

Peltarion magellanicus Jacquinot and Lucas=Hypopeltarium spinulosum (White). 

Peltarion spinulosum Dana=Hypopeltarium spinulosum (White). 


616 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 





Penxus californiensis Holmes=Peneus brevirostris Kingsley. 

Pericera fossata Stimpson= Macroceloma villosum (Bell). 

Pericera ovata Bell=Stenovionops ovata (Bell). 

Pericera villosa Bell= Macroceloma villosum (Bell). 

Petrolisthes agassizii Faxon= Petrolisthes edwardsti (Saussure). 

Petrolisthes brasiliensis Smith= Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc). 

Petrolisthes dane Kingsley =Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc). 

Petrolisthes edwardsius Lockington=Petrolisthes edwardsii (Saussure). 

Petrolisthes marginatus Stimpson= Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes). ~ 

Petrolisthes occidentalis Stimpson= Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc). 

Petrolisthes reissi Ortmann = Petrolisthes angulosus (Guérin). 

Petrolisthes sexspinosus Stimpson=Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc). 

Petrolisthes similis Stimpson= Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes). 

Petrolisthes validus Henderson= Petrolisthes levigatus (Guérin). 

Phigaleia septemdentata White= Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) orbicularis (Meuschen), 

Pilumnoides danai Kinahan=Pilumnoides perlatus (Poeppig). 

Pilumnus lunatus Milne Edwards and Lucas=Heteractxa lunata (Milne Edwards and 
Lucas). 

Pinnaxodes hirtipes Heller=Pinnaxodes chilensis (Milne Edwards). 

Pinnixa panamensis Faxon=Pinnixa transversalis (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 

Pinnotheres chilensis Milne Edwards= Pinnaxodes chilensis (Milne Edwards). 

Pinnotheres transversalis Milne Edwards and Lucas=Pinnixa transversalis (Milne 
Edwards and Lucas). 

Pisa aculeata Bell= Microphrys aculeatus (Bell). 

Pisa spinipes Bell= Mithrax spinipes (Bell). 

Pisoides cxelatus Lockington= Microphrys platysoma (Stimpson). 

Pisoides edwardsi Dana= Pisoides tuberculosus Milne Edwards and Lucas. 

Plagusetes elatus Heller=Acanthocyclus gayi Milne Edwards and Lucas. 

Plagusia capensis de Haan=Plagusia chabrus (Linnzus). 

Plagusia clavimana Latreille=Percnon planissimum (Herbst). 

Plagusia gaimardi Milne Edwards=Plagusia chabrus (Linnzus). 

Plagusia orientalis Stimpson=Plagusia tuberculata Lamarck. 

Plagusia serripes Lamarck=Percnon planissimum (Herbst). 

Plagusia spinosa McLeay=Perenon planissimum (Herbst). 

Plagusia squamosa Lamarck, not (Herbst)=Plagusia tuberculata Lamarck. 

Plagusia tomentosa Milne Edwards= Plagusia chabrus (Linnzeus). 

Planes clypeatus Bowdich= Planes minutus (Linneeus). 

Planes cyaneus Dana= Planes minutus (Linneeus). 

Planes linnxana Bell= Planes minutus (Linneus). 

Platycarcinus dentatus Milne Edwards and Lucas, Nicolet=Cancer polyodon Poeppig. 

Platycarcinus edwardsii Milne Edwards and Lucas, Nicolet=Cancer edwardsii Bell. 

Platycarcinus irroratus Milne Edwards and Lucas, Nicolet, not Milne Edwards= 
Cancer plebejus Poeppig. 

Platycarcinus longipes Milne Edwards and Lucas, Nicolet=Cancer longipes Bell. 

Platyonichus bipustulatus Milne Edwards=Ovalipes bipustulatus (Milne Edwards). 

Platyonychus purpureus Dana=Ovalipes bipustulatus (Milne Edwards). 

Platypes edentata Lockington= Thoé sulcata Stimpson. 

Porcellana acanthophora Milne Edwards and Lucas=Petrolisthes acanthophorus Milne 
Edwards and Lucas. ° 

Porcellana affinis Guérin, not Gray= Petrolisthes tuberculosus (Milne Edwards). 

Porcellana angulosa Guérin= Petrolisthes angulosus (Guérin). 

Porcellana armata Gibbes=Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes). 

Porcellana boscii Dana= Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc). 

Porcellana carinata Kinahan= Petrolisthes angulosus (Guérin). 


ciliata let 


OPT ny ee 


. 


no. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 617 

Porcellana cristata Milne Edwards= Petrolisthes punctatus (Guérin). 

Porcellana danx Gibbes= Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc). 

Porcellana desmarestiti Eydoux and Gervais=Petrolisthes (?) desmarestii (Eydoux and 
Gervais). 

Porcellana dubia Kinahan=Petrolisthes acanthophorus (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 

Porcellana edwardsii Saussure=Petrolisthes edwardsii (Saussure). 

Porcellana galathina Bosc= Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc). 

Porcellana granulosa Guérin= Petrolisthes levigatus (Guérin). 

Porcellana grossimana Guérin= Pachycheles grossimanus (Guérin). 

Porcellana gundlachii Guérin= Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes). 

Porcellana levigata Guérin= Petrolisthes (2) levigata (Guérin). 

Porcellana leporina Heller=Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes). 

Porcellana lobifrons Milne Edwards= Petrolisthes tuberculatus (Guérin). 

Porcellana macrocheles Poeppig=Petrolisthes violaceus (Guérin). 

Porcellana magnifica Gibbes= Petrolisthes politus (Gray). 

Porcellana (Pachycheles) crassa A. Milne Edwards=either Parchycheles grossimanus 
(Guérin) or Pachycheles mexicanus Streets. 

Porcellana patagonica Cunningham= Petrolisthes patagonicus (Cunningham). 

Porcellana polita Gray =Petrolisthes politus (Gray). 

Porcellana punctata Dana, not Guérin= Petrolisthes angulosus (Guérin). 

Porcellana sexspinosa Gibbes= Petrolisthes.galathinus (Bosc). 

Porcellana spinifrons Milne Edwards= Petrolisthes spinifrons (Milne Edwards). 

Porcellana striata Milne Edwards= Petrolisthes granulosus (Guérin) . 

Porcellana tuberculata Guérin= Petrolisthes tuberculatus (Guérin). 

Porcellana tuberculifrons Milne Edwards and Lucas, part=Petrolisthes tuberculatus 
(Guérin). 

Porcellana tuberculifrons Milne Edwards and Lucas, part=Petrolisthes tuberculosus 
(Milne Edwards). 

Porcellana tuberculosa Milne Edwards=Petrolisthes tuberculosus (Milne Edwards). 

Porcellana valida Dana= Petrolisthes levigatus (Guérin). 

Porcellana violacea Guérin= Petrolisthes violaceus (Guérin). 

Potamia chilensis Milne Edwards and Lucas= Pseudothelphusa chilensis (Milne Edwards 
and Lucas). 

Potamia dentata Latreille=Pseudothelphusa dentata (Latreille). 

Potamocarcinus xquatorialis Doflein= Pseudothelphusa macropa (Milne Edwards). 

Potamocarcinus dentatus Ortmann= Pseudothelphusa dentata (Latreille). 

Potamocarcinus macropus Ortmann= Pseudothelphusa macropa (Milne Edwards). 

Potamocarcinus planus Ortmann=Pseudothelphusa plana (Smith). 

Potamocarcinus principesse Doflein=Pseudothelphusa macropa (Milne Edwards). 

Potamocarcinus reflexifrons Ortmann= Pseudothelphusa reflerifrons (Ortmann). 

Prionoplaz spinicarpus Stimpson, not Milne Edwards=Prionoplazx ciliata Smith. 

‘Pseuderiphia hispida A. Milne Edwards=Eriphides hispida (Stimpson). 

Pseudocorystes armatus Milne Edwards= Pseudocorystes sicarius (Pceppig). 

Pseudotelphusa dentata Ortmann, part=Pseudothelphusa macropa (Milne Edwards). 

Pseudotelphusa tenuipes Pocock=Pseudothelphusa dentata (Latreille). 

Pseudothelphusa dentata Ortmann, part=Pseudothelphusa plana Smith. 

Pseudothelphusa gracilipes Nobili=Pseudothelphusa nobilii Rathbun. 

Pseudothelphusa macropa Miers, part=Pseudothelphusa ecuadorensis Rathbun. 

Pseudothelphusa macropa, var. plana (?) Miers=Pseudothelphusa lindigiana Rathbun. 

Quadrella nitida Smith=Quadrella coronata Dana. 

Rhodia pyriformis Bell= Herbstia pyriformis (Bell). 

Sesarma barbata Krauss=Cyclograpsus punctatus Milne Edwards. 

Sesarma pisonii Milne Edwards=Sesarma pisoni (Milne Edwards). 

Solenolambrus typicus Cano, not Stimpson=? Solenolambrus arcuatus Stimpson. 


618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 38. 


Squilla ac ene Bia Chloridella aculeata (Bigelow). 

_ Squilla armata Milne Edwards=Chloridella armata (Milne Edwards). 

Squilla cerisii Guérin=Pseudosquilla lessonii (Guérin). 

Squilla dubia Milne Edwards=Chloridella dubia (Milne Edwards). 

Squilla lessonvi Guérin=Pseudosquilla lessonii (Guérin). 

Squilla monoceros Milne Edwards=Pseudosquilla lessonii (Guérin). 

Squilla nepa Nicolet, not Latreille=? Chloridella aculeata (Bigelow). 

Squilla parva Bigelow=Chloridella parva Bigelow. 

Squilla spinifrons Owen=Pseudosquilla lessonii (Guérin). 

Sylviocarcinus devillei Moreira= Trichodactylus (Valdivia) peruvianus (A. Milne Ed- 
wards). 

Sylviocarcinus peruvianus A. Milne Edwards= Trichodactylus ( Valdivia) perwvianus (A. 
Milne Edwards). 

Synalpheus neptunus Lenz. See Coutiere, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, 1909, p. 10. 

Telphusa dentata Latreille=Pseudothelphusa dentata (Latreille). 

Telphusa (?) quadrata Latreille= Trichodactylus ( Trichodactylus) fluviatilis (Latreille). 

Thalassina maxima Hess= Thalassina anomala (Herbst). 

Thalassina scorpionides Latreille= Thalassina anomala (Herbst). 

Thelphusa chilensis Heller=Potamon (Geothelphusa) chilensis (Heller). 

Thoé edentata (Lockington), Cano= Thoé sulcata Stimpson. 

Thoé erosa A. Milne Edwards, not Bell= Thoé panamensis Nobili. 

Trapezia formosa Smith= Trapezia digitalis Latreille. 

Trapezia leucodactyla Riippell= Trapezia digitalis Latreille. 

Trichodactylus cunninghami A. Milne Edwards= eee ( Trichodactylus) fluvi- 
atilis (Latreille). 

Trichodactylus granarius Nicolet= Hemigrapsus Eatin (Milne Edwards). 

Trichodactylus granulatus Milne Edwards=Hemigrapsus crenulatus (Milne Edwards). 

Trichodactylus punctatus Eydoux and Souleyet= Trichodactylus ( Triehadaciytes) Sluri- 
atilis (Latreille). 

Trichodactylus quadrata Milne Edwards=Trichodactylus (Trichodactylus) fluviatilis 
(Latreille). 

Uca cunninghami Bate= Trichodactylus ( Trichodactylus) fluviatilis (Latreille). 

Uca gibbosa Holmes= Uca stenodactylus (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 

Uca levis Milne Edwards= Ucides occidentalis (Ortmann). 5 

Uca platydactyla Ortmann, part= Uca princeps (Smith). 

Uca platydactyla, var. stylifera Ortmann, part= Uca stylifera (Milne Edwards). 

Uca una Milne Edwards and Lucas= Ucides occidentalis (Ortmann). 

Uca vocator Ortmann, part= Uca brevifrons (Stimpson). 

Xantho bifrons Ortmann=Xantho gaudichaudii Milne Edwards. 

Xantho denticulata Stimpson, not X. denticulatus White=Cyclovanthops (?) stimpsoni 
(A. Milne Edwards). 

Xantho grandimanus Lockington=Ozius verreauxit Saussure. 

Xantho multidentatus Lockington=Cycloxanthops (?) stimpsoni (A. Milne Edwards). 

Xantho orbignyi Milne Edwards and Lucas= Platyxanthus orbignyi (Milne Edwards and 
Lucas). 

Xantho planus Milne Edwards=Homalaspis plana (Milne Edwards). 

Xantho sexdecimdentatus Milne Edwards and Lucas=Cycloxanthops sexdecimdentatus 
(Milne Edwards and Lucas). 

Xantho vittata Stimpson=Cycloxanthops vittatus (Stimpson). 

Xanthodes xantusii Stimpson= Xanthias xantusvi (Stimpson). 


oe 


No. 1766. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF PERU—RATHBUN. 619 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 





EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


PLATE 36. 


1.—Inachoides microrhynchus, nat. size. After Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
2.—FEpialtus marginatus, male, * 3. After Bell. 


Puate 37. 


1.—Hepatus chiliensis, X 3. After Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
2.—Areneus mexicanus, male, nat. size. After A. Milne Edwards. 
PLATE 388. 


1.—Cancer plebejus, much reduced. After Bell. 
2.—Cancer polyodon, much reduced. Atter Bell. 


PuatTe 39. 


1.—NXantho gaudichaudii, nat. size. After Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
2.—Platyxanthus crenulatus, nat. size. After A. Milne Edwards. 


Piate 40. 


1.—Cycloxanthops sexdecimdentatus, nat. size. After Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
2.—Platyxanthus orbignyi, * 3. After Milne Edwards and Lucas. 


PLATE 41. 


1.—Eriphia squamata, male, X 2. After A. Milne Edwards. 
2.—Panopeus purpureus, female, X 3. After A. Milne Edwards. 
3.—Petrolisihes armatus, reduced. After Guérin. 

4.—Panopeus chilensis, & 3. After Milne Edwards and Lucas. 


PLATE 42. 


1.—Grapsus grapsus, X 3. -After Milne Edwards. 
2.— Ucides occidentalis, male, X 3. After Milne Edwards. 


PuatTE 43. 


1.—Uca insignis, female, nat. size. After Milne Edwards. 
2.—Ocypode gaudichaudii, nat. size. After Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
3.—Ostracotheres politus, female, x 2. After Lenz. 


PLATE 44, 


Cardisoma crassum, male, < }, La Paz. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


PLATE 45. 


1.—Leucosilia jurinei, X 4. After Bell. 
2.—Leptograpsus variegatus, < %. After Dana. 
3.—Callianassa uncinata, * 35. After Milne Edwards. 
4.—Microphrys aculeatus, female. After Bell. 


PLATE 46. 


1.—Pinniza transversalis, nat. size. After Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
2.—Teleophrys cristulipes, male, X 2. After Stimpson. 

3.—Pachygrapsus transversus, X %. After Dana. 

4.—Acanthonyx petiverii, nat. size. After Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
5.—Pachycheles grossimanus, nat. size. After Guérin. 

6.—Uca galapagensis, male, X 14. a, inner side of large claw; b, dorsal view. 











620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 
PLATE 47. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Callinectes toxotes, female, X #. 


1.—Eurytium tristani, male, X 7. 
2.—Hypoconcha peruviana, female, x 2. 
3.—Goniopsis pulchra, female, * 75. 
4.—Clibanarius panamensis, * 2. 


PLATE 48. 


1.—Pagurus bénedicti, * 13, San Luis Gonzales Bay. 
2.—Speocarcinus ostrearicola, male, X 13%. 

3.—Uca princeps, male, nat. size, Abreojos Point. 
4.—Dromidia sarraburei, female, nat. size. 

5.—Petrolisthes spinifrons, * 14. 

6.—Dissodactylus nitidus, female, X 24, Albatross Station 2835. 


PLATE 49. 
1.—Emerita analoga, nat. size. 
—Dardanus sinistripes, nat. size, Magdalena Bay. 


bo 


3.—Dardanus imbricatus, * 14. 

4.—Portunus (Portunus) acuminatus, male, X 13, Panama Bay. 
5.—Eupleurodon trifurcatus, female, * 23. 

6.—Emerita emerita, nat. size. 





PLATE 50. 


1.—Paguristes lomentosus, X 23. 

2.—Pilumnoides perlatus, male, « 2. ; 
3.—Microphrys platysoma, male, X 13, Lower California, L. Diguet. 
4.—Aratus pisoni, X 2. After Milne Edwards. 


5.—Hepatella amica, female, * 25. 


PuaTe 51. 


1.—Macrobrachium jamaicense, X =>. After Bate. 

2.—Paguristes hirtus. After Dana. a, anterior part of animal, X 2; 5, part of 
inner antenne; ¢c, hand; d, part of leg of second or third pair; e, part of 
leg of fourth pair; /, of fifth pair. 

3.—Pinnotherelia leevigata, nat. size. After Milne Edwards and Lucas. 


PLATE 52. 


1.—Panulirus ornatus, much reduced. After de Haan. 
2.—Rhynchocinetes typus, X zg. After Milne Edwards and Lucas, 
3.—Pseudosquilla lessonii, X 4. After Guérin. 


PLATE 53. 
1.—Palemon ritteri, X 2%. 
2.—Peneus stylirostris, < 14. 
3.—Lysiosquilla decemspinosa, X 2%. 
4.—Synalpheus townsendi peruvianus, X 23. 
5.—Munida cokeri, X 13. 

PLATE 54. 
1.—Bithynis cementarius gaudichaudii, X }. 
2.—Peneus brevirostris, nat. size, Guaymas. 
3.—Chloridella dubia, & 4. 

Puiate 55, 


2 


PLate 56. 


Callinectes arcuatus, male, X 2. 


ee  E——= 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 36 





-— 











Fia. 1.—INACHOIDES MICRORHYNCHUS 
Fic. 2.—EPIALTUS MARGINATUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 619. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 37 














Fia. 1.—HEPATUS CHILIENSIS. 
Fic. 2.—ARENAUS MEXICANUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 619, 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 38 











Fic. 1.—CANCER PLEBEJUS. 
FiG. 2.—CANCER POLYODON. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 619. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 39 











Fic. 1.—XANTHO GAUDICHAUDII. 
Fia. 2.—PLATYXANTHUS CRENULATUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 6°9. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 40 








FIG. 1.—CYCLOXANTHOPS SEXDECIMDENTATUS. 
Fic. 2.—PLATYXANTHUS ORBIGNYI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 619. 





PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 41 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 42 























Fia. 1.—GRAPSUS GRAPSUS. 
Fic. 2.—UCIDES OCCIDENTALIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 619. 





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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 45 





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Fic. 1.—LEUCOSILIA JURINEI. Fic. 2.—LEPTOGRAPSUS VARIEGATUS. 
Fia. 3.—CALLIANASSA UNCINATA. Fic. 4.—MICROPHRYS ACULEATUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 619. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 2:5 


PL. 46 














Fic. 1.—PINNIXA TRANSVERSALIS. Fic. 2.—TELEOPHRYS CRISTULIPES. 
Fia. 3.—PACHYGRAPSUS TRANSVERSUS. Fia. 4.—ACANTHONYX PETIVERII. 
Fic. 5.—PACHYCHELES GROSSIMANUS. Fic. 6.—UCA GALAPAGENSIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 619, 





PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 38 PL. 48 





Fic. 1.—PAGURUS BENEDICTI. Fia. 2.—SPEOCARCINUS OSTREARICOLA. 
Fia. 3.—UCA PRINCEPS. Fia. 4.—DROMIDIA SARRABUREI. 
Fic. 5.—PETROLISTHES SPINIFRONS. Fic. 6.—DISSODACTYLUS NITIDUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 620. 





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Fiag. 3.—DARDANUS IMBRICATUS. Fia. 4.—PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) ACUMINATUS. 
Fia. 5.—EUPLEURODON TRIFURCATUS. Fic. 6.—EMERITA EMERITA 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 620. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





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Fic. 1.—PANULIRUS ORNATUS. 
Fic. 2.—RHYNCHOCINETES TYPUS. 
Fic. 3.—PSEUDOSQUILLA LESSONII. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 620. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


























Fic. 1.—PAL/EMON RITTERI. Fia. 2.—PENEUS STYLIROSTRIS. 
Fic. 3.—LYSIOSQUILLA DECEMSPINOSA. FiG. 4.—SYNALPHEUS TOWNSENDI PERUVIANUS. 
Fic. 5.—MUNIDA COKERI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 620. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Fic. 1.—BITHYNIS C4 MENTARIUS GAUDICHAUDII. 
Fic. 2.—PENEUS BREVIROSTRIS. 
FiG. 3.—CHLORIDELLA DUBIA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE 








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MARINE AMPHIPODS FROM PERU. 


By ALFRED O. WALKER, 
Of Maidstone, Kent, England. 


The Amphipoda from Chincha Islands are all of one species to 
which [I have given the name Stenothoé assimilis Chevreux,? with 
which species it agrees except in having more spines on the telson and 
third uropods. From 8S. gallensis Walker ® it differs in the last joint of 
the third uropods of the male, which in my species is upturned, ser- 
rate and blunt, while in the Peruvian specimens and in S. assimilis it 
is straight, smooth, and sharply pointed. 

Both these species are so closely allied to 8S. valida Dana, 1852, 
that but for the fact that he has figured the third perwopods with a 
wide basal joint instead of the narrow one of the above two species, 
they might both be referred to it, notwithstanding the trifling differ- 
ence in the third uropods. I have astrong suspicion that if Dana’s 
type-specimen could be discovered, it would be found that he had 
overlooked the difference in the form of the joints. S.assimilis would 
then be a synonym of S. valida.’ 


STENOTHOE ASSIMILIS Chevreux. 


Abundant in hydroid colonies on bottoms of “‘lanchas” (lighters used in embarking 
guano). 
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES BY CHEVREUX (TRANSLATION). 


Male.—Body rather stout, 5 mm. long, in the position figured. Head without 
rostrum; lateral lobes not prominent, rounded. Coxal plates of second pair subtrian- 
gular, anterior margin very convex, inferior margin concave. Coxal plates of third 
pair larger than those of fourth pair. Posterior angles of epimeral plates of last seg- 
ment of metasome a little produced backward, hardly acute. 

Eyes of medium size, round, containing a very large number of ocelli. 

Superior antennze equal in length to sum of head and first four segments of meso- 
some; first article of peduncle nearly as long as head, much longer than second 
article; third article very short, not quite so long as first article of flagellum; the 
latter much longer than peduncle and composed of fifteen articles. The inferior 
antennze surpass somewhat the superior; flagellum much shorter than last two articles 
of peduncle and containing ten articles. 


a Bull. de l'Institut Océanographique, no. 113, Mars 1908, p. 4, figs. 4-6. 
b Amph. of Pearl Oyster Fisheries, 1904, p. 261, pl. 111, fig. 19. 
¢See Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 6, 1910, pp. 31-82. 
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 38—No. 1767. 
621 


622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 38. 


Palp of anterior maxillze with a row of spines along inner margin of second seg- 
ment; outer lobe armed with six large spines. Posterior maxillze with only a rudi- 
ment of an inner lobe, armed with three small spines; outer lobe bears ten spines on 
distal margin. Inner lobe of maxillipeds reaches a third the length of the contiguous 
article. 

Anterior gnathopods remarkable for the size of their meral article, which is almost 
twice as long as carpus and is prolonged to extremity of the latter; propodus oval, 
much longer than carpus, and nearly twice as long as wide; its palmar borders sepa- 
rated from the posterior border by a group of small spines upon which the extremity of 
the dactyl can rest; distal part of inner border of dactyl bears a small tooth. 

Posterior gnathopods well developed; basal article recurved rather strongly in distal 
part; three following articles very short; propodus oval, more than twice as long as 
wide, anterior border a regular curve; posterior border, fused with palmar border, has 
a straight portion, finely ciliated, ending, near articulation of dactyl, in a long, sharp, 
curved tooth, followed by a deep, narrow cut; dactylus as long as propodus, abruptly 
bent near its base, finely ciliated on the greater part of its inner border, which has a 
slight emargination near the tip. 


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In the perzeopods of the first two pairs, the merus is produced forward to form a 
sharp lobe; propodus much longer than carpus. 

Basal article of perseopods of third pair narrow, anterior and posterior margins par- 
allel; merus similar to, but larger than, that of preceding perseopods. 

Basal article of perseopods of two last pairs strongly dilated behind, nearly as wide 
as long in fourth pair, and notably wider than long in fifth pair; merus prolonged 
nearly to end of carpus. Perzeopods of fifth pair shorter than the preceding. 

Extremities of three pairs of uropods reach nearly the same line. Peduncle of 
uropods of last pair much longer than branch; first article of branch not quite so long 
as last one. 

Telson subtriangular, a little longer than wide, bearing three pairs of large lateral 
spines. 

Female.—Antenne a little shorter than in male. Anterior gnathopods differ little; 
nevertheless, in the female the merus is less developed and is not nearly twice as 
long as carpus. Posterior gnathopods almost as large as in male but differ in the 
propodus a little shorter, and the palmar margin bearing only one short, straight tooth 
and no deep cut; dactyls regularly curved. 


FRESH-WATER AMPHIPODS FROM PERU. 


By Apa L. WECKEL. 
Oak Park High School, Oak Park, Illinois. 


The single species of fresh-water Amphipod was taken in vast 
abundance at Lake Titicaca, July 30, 1908, underneath small rocks 
along shore of Isla Blanca (near Puno). 


HYALELLA KNICKERBOCKERI (Bate). 


Allorchestes knickerbockert Barr, Cat. Amph. Crust. Brit. Mus., 1862, p. 36, pl. 6. 
Hyalella knickerbockeri Wecke., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, p. 54, text 
fig. 15, and synonymy. 

Eyes round or nearly so; interspace slightly greater than their 
diameter. First antenne shorter than second; first two segments of 
peduncle about equal, shghtly longer than third; flagellum about 
twice as long as peduncle and composed of seven to nine segments; 
second antenne about half as long as body; peduncle exceeding that 
of first pair, the two distal segments elongated and nearly equal; fla- 
gellum usually but little longer than in first pair, composed of eight 
to fifteen segments. 

First gnathopods in male more than half as broad as long; lateral 
margins strongly curved and furnished with minute spinules; palm 
transverse, concave at middle, provided with a few small teeth 
and short hairs at posterior angle and a tuft of long stiff hairs at 
anterior one; dactyl strongly curved, shorter than palm. First 
egnathopods in female closely resemble those in male. 

Second gnathopods of male much longer than first ones; carpus not 
longer than broad, a long, narrow lobe along posterior margin of 
propodus; propodus stout, more than half as broad as long, much 
broadened distally, especially in mature specimens; anterior margin 
convex; posterior one straight, oblique, and unarmed; palm oblique, 
middle portion slightly arcuate, with a notch near middle and one or 
two slight emarginations at posterior angle; provided with a sub- 
marginal row of spines; palm in immature specimens transverse, 
emarginations very slight, dactyl not so strongly curved as in adult. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VoL. 38—No. 1768. 
623 


624 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. . 








Second gnathopods of female slender and weak; carpus and propodus 
elongated and much narrower than in male; carpus more than twice 
as long as broad, posterior projection proportionally not so great as 
in male; propodus more than twice as long as broad; palm forming 
less than a right angle with posterior margin, furnished with fewer 
submarginal spines than in male; dactyl not strongly curved and 
fitting palm closely. 

Posterior margins of coxal plates of third, fourth, and fifth pereeopods 
serrate. 





Fic. 1.—HYALELLA KNICKERBOCKERI, MALE X 12. MADISON, WISCONSIN. AFTER SMITH. 


Postero-lateral angles of first two abdominal segments slightly 
produced, forming less than a right angle; first two or three segments 
usually produced dorsally, forming a well-marked median posterior 
tooth. Telson short, entire, as broad as long, furnished distally with 
a slender seta at each side. 

First uropods almost twice as long as second pair; third pair very 
short, not exceeding basal segment of second pair in length; peduncle 
short, nearly as broad as long, furnished distally with a few hairs; 
the single ramus slender, tapering, about equal in length to peduncle 
and provided with a few slender setz at tip. 


—_— ee 


A REVISION OF THE FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE GENERA 
ACROSTICHOPTERIS, TASNIOPTERIS, NILSONIA, AND 
SAPINDOPSIS FROM THE POTOMAC GROUP. 


By Epwarp W. Berry, 
Of the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. 


The present paper is the second of a series of revisions of the more 
important genera of fossil plants from the Potomac group in Maryland 
and Virginia. The first dealt with the genus Nageiopsis and formed 
No. 1738 of the present volume of the Proceedings. The material 
upon which these studies are based is nearly all contained in the U.S. 
National Museum collections, but the collections of the Johns Hopkins 
University and the Maryland Geological Survey have also been 
utilized. 

The following pages are devoted to the genera <Acrostichopteris, 
Txniopteris, Nilsonia, and Sapindopsis. Of these the fern genus 
Acrostichopteris and the dicotyledonous genus Sapindopsis were 
founded upon collections from the Potomac strata to which they are 
largely confined. The fern genus Teniopteris and the cycad genus 
Nilsonia have not been previously recognized in the Lower Cretaceous 
of eastern North America, the specimens upon which the present 
determinations are based having been previously wrongly correlated 
with the genera Angiopteridium, Anomozamites, and Platypterigium. 


THE GENUS ACROSTICHOPTERIS OF FONTAINE. 


This genus is characterized as follows by its describer: 


Fronds probably creeping, with very long, often flexuous rachises, which seem to 
have been more or less succulent; pinnze going off obliquely, long and apparently slen- 
der; ultimate pinne or pinnules subopposite to alternate, comparatively short, and cut 
down nearly to the rachis into more or less cuneate-flabellate pinnules or primary seg- 
ments. These are divided generally into cuneate-flabellate segments, which in turn 
are separated into oblong segments ending in oblong, or ovate-obtuse, or acute teeth; 
pinnules decurrent and forming a wing; nerves slender but distinct, flabellately diverg- 
ing, forking dichotomously, and ending in the teeth; fructification occurring on the 
basal segments of the pinnules, in the upper portions of the frond on the upper one alone, 
in the lower portions on the upper and lower ones, the fructified segments close ap- 
pressed to the principal rachis. . The fructified segments are so modified as to take the 





PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VOL. 38—No. 1769. 
Proc. N. M. vol.38—10——40 525 


626 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 





form of leathery, rounded, or elliptical segments, which on the lower side are covered 
by the naked sori, and seen from the upper side, especially when compressed on the 
clay, look like pods.¢ 

The fructification characters should be modified to include those of 
Acrostichopteris pluripartita, which appear to represent entire pinnules 
reduced to fertile segments and not merely basat lobes of otherwise 
sterile pinnules thus transformed, as appears to be the case in Acros- 
tichopteris longipennis. 

With all the collected material at hand it is difficult to see any 
conclusive evidence that the species included in this genus were 
creeping in habit or had succulent rachises or that the fertile segments 
were covered with naked sori. There is some evidence as to fructifi- 
cation characters, but this is most indefinite as regards details, and 
it may be noted that what are called nut-like seeds when applied to 
fragments referred by this author to his genus Baieropsis are described 
as above for fragments which he referred to the present genus, 
although neither the fertile nor the vegetative parts are distinguish- 
able with certainty in these two supposed genera. 

All of the species which constituted the genus Baieropsis of Fon- 
taine, except Baieropsis expansa and Baieropsis macrophylla are 
referred to Acrostichopteris in the present paper, with which they are 
obviously allied in instances where they are not actually identical. 
They present no characters which are clearly those of the order 
Ginkgoales except their subdivided fronds, which are suggestive of 
Baiera or Jeanpaulia, but might equally suggest various living 
Polypodiacex, as, for. instance, Actinopteris and Rhipidopteris or the 
various species of Schizea of the family Schizeacee. Among fossil 
species they are very similar to forms referred to Sphenopteris, Pal- 
matopteris, ete. Considerations which point away from Bavera in 
the direction of the ferns are the fine inequilateral outline of the 
leaves (pinnules), their decurrence, and their arrangement in a 
pinnate manner in a single plane. The two species Baveropsis expansa 
and macrophylla furnish fructified specimens which clearly indicate 
their reference to the family Schizeeacee. These will be fully dis- 
cussed in another place. 

With regard to the botanical position of Acrostichopteris little is 
known. According to Fontaine: 

The genus in the naked sori is like Polypodium, but in most features stands nearest 
to Acrostichum, much resembling the section Rhipidopteris. In this latter, however, 
the fructification is borne on separate pinnules. If we place the fructified pinnules of 
Rhipidopteris as basal segments on the sterile ones, we have a form strikingly like 
Acrostichopteris. This genus has also some resemblance to Marsilea. 

Seward ° on the strength of Fontaine’s conclusions as quoted above 
places the genus in the Polypodiacex, and the present writer in the 


a Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 106. 
6 Seward, Wealden Flora, pt. 1, 1894, p. 60. 


& 
. 
° 


no. 1769. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE POTOMAC GROUP—BERRY. 627 





absence of better data has followed the same course, although the 
definite reference of the two species of Baieropsis above mentioned 
to the Schizeacexe throws doubt upon all the other similar forms. 
Potonié “ places the genus as a synonym of his Palmatopteris in the 
artificial group of Sphenopterides. 

Acrostichopteris may be compared with the modern Actinopteris, a 
monotypic genus of the Indoafrican steppes, with the neotropical 
genus hipidopteris, or with Schizea dichotoma Swartz., and Schizea 
elegans Swartz, of the family Schizeeacexw. It is not closely related 
to Acrostichophyllum Velenovsky (1889) of the Cenomanien of Bohe- 
mia. As here delimited it is purely a form genus embracing five 
species in the Maryland-Virginia region. Of these, two species are 
confined to the basal beds or Patuxent formation, two species range 
through the whole Lower Cretaceous of this region and are present 
as well in both the Lakota and Fuson formations of the Black Hills 
region, and one species is confined to the Patapsco formation and is 
widespread in its occurrence. One additional species, suggestive of 
Acrostichopteris parvifolia of the Patuxent and likewise close to the 
only remaining species, Acrostichopteris ruffordi Seward? of the 
English Wealden, has recently been described by Knowlton © from 
the Kootenai of Montana. Considering for a moment the Portuguese 
homotaxial deposits we find a considerable number of remarkably 
similar forms described by Saporta %, all of which are referred to the 
form-genus Sphenopteris. Thus from the Upper Jurassic there is 
Sphenopteris tenellisecta Saporta, from the Urgonien S. cuneifida 
Saporta, from the Aptien S. flabellisecta Saporta, S. tenuifissa Saporta, 
and S. debilior Saporta. These forms are certainly congeneric with 
Acrostichopteris and with more representative material doubtless 
some species would be found to be common to both sides of the At- 
lantic. Some are more nearly like the forms segregated by Fontaine 
to form his genus Baieropsis, while others are of the type which this _ 
author referred to Acrostichopteris. 


ACROSTICHOPTERIS LONGIPENNIS Fontaine emend, 


Acrostichopteris longipennis FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 107, pl. 170, fig. 10; pl. 171, fs: 1, 5, 7.—FoNntTAINE, in W ARD, Monogr. 
U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1905, p. 557. 

Acrostichopteris densifolia FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. aie Surv., No. 15, 1890 
(part), pl. 170, fig. 11; pl. 171, figs. 2, 6; pl. 172, fig. 13 (not pl. 94, fig. 4, 
which is referable to A. parvifolia Fontaine). 

Acrostichopteris parvifolia FONTAINE, in WARD, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 

48, 1905, De 558, pl. 116, fig. 5 


a Potonié in Engler and Prantl, 1902, p. 490. 

b Seward, Wealden Flora, pt. 1, 1894, p. 61, pl. 6, fig. 3. 

¢ Knowlton, Smiths. Mise. Coll., vol. 50, 1907, p. 110, pl. 9, figs. 3, 3a. 
@dSaporta, Flora Foss. Portugal, 1894, pp. 25, 69, 127, 160, 161. 


628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Baieropsis foliosa FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 209, 
pl. 98, figs. 4-6—Fonrarve, in Warp, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 
1905, pp. 481, 482, 489, 504, 508, pl. 110, fig. 9. 
Baieropsis denticulata angustifolia FonvTarine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 
15, 1890, p. 210, pl. 112, fig. 7—Fonrarne, in Warp, Monogr. U. S. Geol. 
Surv., No. 48, 1905, p. 491. 

Description.—Fronds with relatively long pinne, decompound 
proximad and becoming simpler distad, the ultimate pinnules sub- 
opposite to alternate, rather close set. Pinnules inequilateral and 
slightly decurrent, cut into several narrow sublinear divisions and 
terminated by two or more subacute teeth. The lower pinnules are 
wider and more laciniate and more decidedly alternate on the stout 
rachis. Venation fine, but distinct, flabellate and dichotomous, ulti- 
mate divisions terminating in the apical teeth. The sterile and 
smaller specimens tend to much greater density than those of larger 
size or those showing traces of fructifications. The fructifications, 
which are illy defined in the coarse matrix, are borne on the proximal 
or distal or both basal segments of the pinnules; the segment or seg- 
ments involved become wider and shorter and elliptical in outline. 
No details can be made out. 

This species is exceedingly common in the Patapsco formation to 
which it is confined, being especially common in the beds of this age 
at Federal Hill, to which locality it is largely confined in the Mary- 
land area. In Virginia it occurs at a large number of localities 
within this formation. 

Tt is difficult to see upon what evidence, unless it be the supposed 
relation with the modern hipidopteris, led Fontaine to claim a 
creeping habit for these forms. The rachis is sometimes more or 
less flexuous but not markedly so, and the length is relatively great. 
Proximally, however, the rachis becomes stouter with decompound 
pinne as broad or broader than they are long. It seems probable 
that this form was not a ground dweller with creeping rachis or 
rhizome nor did it adhere to tree trunks, but reclined or clambered 
over the abundant erect Lower Cretaceous vegetation as does the 
modern Lygodium. It appears to be closely related to Sphenopteris 
debilior Saporta ® of the Albien of Portugal. 

Occurrence.—PATAPSCO FORMATION. Near Wellhams, Federal Hill, 
Maryland. Near Brooke, 72d milepost, Hell Hole, Mouth of Hell 
Hole ?, White House Bluff, Dumfries Landing, Aquia Creek cut, and 
Mount Vernon, Virginia. 

Collections.—U. 8. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. 


4 Saporta, Flora Foss. Portugal, 1894, p. 161, pl. 28, figs. 5, 5a. 


no. 1769. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE POTOMAC GROUP—BERRY. 629 


ACROSTICHOPTERIS ADIANTIFOLIA (Fontaine). 


Baieropsis adiantifolia Fonraine, Monogr. U. 8S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 211, 
pl. 92, figs. 8, 9; pl. 93, figs. 1-3; pl. 94, figs. 2,3.—FonTaring, in Warp, 19th 
Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 1899, pt. 2, p. 684, pl. 168, fig. 8.—FonrarInE, 
in WarD, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1905, pp. 510, 528, 538. 


Description.—The original description by Fontaine in 1890 is as 
follows: 


Stems moderately strong; leaves subopposite to opposite, closely placed, often 
imbricated, subquadrilateral to flabellate fan-shaped, narrowed to a wedge-shaped 
base, and attached by a short pedicel which springs from the lower corner of the leaf, 
so that the inner margin of the leaves runs close to the main stem, parallel with it, and 
often overlapping it, while the lower margin of the leaves stands nearly at right angles 
with the main stem; leaves cut down to near the base into two principal lacinize, and 
those higher cut into two or more minor lacinize; ultimate lacinize very shallow and 
strap-shaped, ending in acute very short teeth, or rarely in narrowly elliptical and 
subacute ones; all the laciniz turned outwards or upwards, the lower margins of the 
leaves being entire or having sometimes an acute tooth; leaves in ascending towards 
the tips of the leafy branches have their lower margins directed more and more up- 
wards, become smaller, assume more of an elliptical or a wedge shape, have the 
laciniz only on the upper margin, and finally coalesce to form a terminal leaflet, 
which at base shows three segments, but whose terminal portions are not seen; nerves 
fine but distinct, branching at base from a mother nerve and then dividing repeatedly 
in a dichotomous manner so as to fill the laminze, and have the branches ending in the 
teeth. 

The plant is most frequent at Fredericksburg but is not abundant there, and is 
usually in a very fragmentary state. If we look to the shape of the leaves alone this 
curious plant is much like a fern of the type of Adiantum, but the gradations through 
different forms connect the specimens so closely with the flabellate leaves of Baieropsis 
that they can not be separated by any good distinctions. The principal difference 
from the more common and typical forms of Baieropsis is found in the greater pro- 
portional width of the leaves and the smaller depth of the subdivision. 

This species is based upon very fragmentary specimens and it is 
very doubtful if the material identified from the Patapsco and 
Arundel formations is the same as that from the Patuxent, the pres- 
ence of this species from Chinkapin Hollow, Virginia, and Arlington 
and Fort Foote, Maryland, being each based on a single very poor 
specimen. 

Occurrence.—LAKOTA FORMATION. Barrett and Hay Creek, Wyo- 
ming.—PATUXENT FORMATION. Fredericksburg, Potomac Run, Tele- 
graph Station, Virginia.—Parapsco FORMATION. Fort Foote, (7%) 
Maryland and Chinkapin Hollow, (7%), Virginia. —ARUNDEL FORMA- 
TION. Arlington, (?) Maryland. 

Collections.—U. S. National Museum. 


630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 38. 


ACROSTICHOPTERIS CYCLOPTEROIDES Fontaine emend. 
Acrostichopteris cyclopteroides FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 109, pl. 94, fig. 8. 
Baieropsis denticulata FonvAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 210, 
pl. 93, fig. 7. 

Description.—Pinnules rounded, fan-shaped, cyclopteroid, divided 
into two or three principal segments which are split up into six or 
more subordinate linear oblong divisions terminated by subacute 
teeth. Rachis stout. Venation flabellate, the single vein which 
enters the base repeatedly forking dichotomously, the ultimate divi- 
sions entering the teeth. 

This species is poorly characterized and is based upon infrequent 
and very fragmentary material from the single locality cited. It 
may well represent a slightly variable form of pinnule of one of the 
other more abundant Patuxent species, as, for instance, Acrosti- 
chopteris parvifolia Fontaine. In the foreign Cretaceous it is rather 
remotely suggestive of Sphenopteris flabellina Saporta® from the 
Albien of Portugal. 

Occurrence. PATUXENT FORMATION. Dutch Gap, Virginia. 

Collections.—U. S. National Museum. 


ACROSTICHOPTERIS PARVIFOLIA Fontaine emend. 


Acrostichopteris parvifolia FONTAINE, (part), Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 
1890, p. 108, pl. 94, figs. 5, 9, 10, 12; pl. 171, figs. 3, 4; pl. 172, fig. 4 (not 
Fontaine, in Ward, 1906). 

Acrostichopteris densifolia FoNTAINE, Monogr. U. 8S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
pl. 94, fig. 4 (not balance of figures). 

Baieropsis adiantifolia minor Fontaine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 212, pl. 94, fig. 1. 

Acrostichopteris parcelobata FonvTatnr, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 108, pl. 94, figs. 6, 7, 11, 14. 

Description.—Pinnules small and generally remote, the distal ones 
short, all divided into three principal lobes, which are variously dis- 
sected and terminated with two or more short stout teeth. Venation, 
as usual in this genus. 

This species is thus far confined to the Patuxent formation of Vir- 
ginia, the specimens from Maryland so identified by Fontaine proving 
to belong to Acrostichopteris longipennis, which is somewhat similar 
in appearance but usually much more dense in habit. 

The remains are rare and fragmentary at all of the recorded locali- 
ties except Dutch Gap Canal, where they are not infrequent. They 
show no traces of fructifications. This species is very closely related 
to Acrostichopteris fimbriata Knowlton ° of the Kootenai formation of 


a Saporta, Flora Foss. Port ugal, 1894, p. 160, pl. 28, figs. 3, 6. 
b Knowlton, Smiths. Mise. Coll., vol. 50, 1907, p. 110, pl. 11, figs. 3, 3a. 


no.1769. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE POTOMAC GROUP—BERRY. 631 


Montana, and likewise to Acrostichopteris ruffordi Seward® of the 
English Wealden. On the continent it is represented by the nearly 
allied and strictly congeneric species S phenopteris tenellisecta Saporta? 
from the Upper Jurassic, and Sphenopteris flabellisecta Saporta® from 
the Aptien of Portugal. 

Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION. Dutch Gap, Fredericksburg, 
Trents Reach, Potomac Run, Virginia (not Federal Hill, Maryland). 

Collections.—U. S. National Museum. 








ACROSTICHOPTERIS PLURIPARTITA (Fontaine). 


Baieropsis pluripartita Fontatne, Monogr. U. 8S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 208, pl. 89, fig. 4; pl. 90, figs. 2-5; pl. 91, figs. 1, 3, 4, 7; pl. 92, figs. 1, 2, 
6.—? Fonraine, in Warp, 19th Ann. Rept. U. 8S. Geol. Surv., pt. 2, 1899, 
p. 685, pl. 168, figs. 9-12.—Fonraine, in Warp, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., 
No. 48, 1905, pp. 479, 481, 482, 505, pl. 107, fig. 1. 

Baieropsis pluripartita minor FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 208, pl. 91, fig. 5; pl. 92, figs. 3, 4. 

Baieropsis longifolia FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 210, 
pl. 91, fig. 6.—FonrTaInE, in Warp, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 
1905, pp. 505, 517, pl. 111, fig. 3. 

Description.—Pinnules large in size, inequilateral, fan-shaped, sub- 
opposite, at an acute angle of divergence, narrowly divided almost to 
the base into three principal and a varying number of narrow linear 
subordinate segments. Venation of the usual character in this genus, 
slender but distinct. The apices are usually, if not always, broken 
off, so that their character can not be made out. Rachis compara- 
tively slender. 

This species includes the various indefinite fertile specimens upon 
which Fontaine based the characters of the supposed fruits in his 
genus Baieropsis. These are clearly to be correlated with Acrostichop- 
teris pluripartita, since one specimen shows a characteristic pinnule 
of this species. The preservation is poor, and the most that can be 
made out are oval bodies apparently representing reduced or trans- 
formed segments of pinnules, all the segments of which are fertile in 
this case and not merely the basal ones, as is shown in so many 
specimens of Acrostichopteris longipennis. Fertile specimens of the 
present species are, on the other hand, very rare and fragmentary. 

This species is present in both the Patuxent and Patapsco forma- 
tions of Maryland and Virginia. It is also recorded somewhat doubt- 
fully from both the Lakota and Fuson formations in the Black Hills 
Rim of Wyoming. In Portugal Saporta describes several very similar 
forms. These include Sphenopteris cuneifida of the Urgonien-Aptien 4 





a Seward, Wealden Flora, pt. 1, 1894, p. 61, pl. 6, fig. 3. 
bSaporta, Flora Foss. Portugal, 1904, p. 25, pl. 18, fig. 1. 
cIdem, p. 69, pl. 15, figs. 14, 15. 

d Idem, pp. 69, 127, pl. 16, fig. 11, pl. 23, fig. 5. 


632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


Sphenopteris dissectiformis® of the Aptien (7), Sphenopteris tenuifissa* 

of the Albien and Sphenopteris flabellina,® also of the Albien. 
Occurrence. — PATUXENT FORMATION. — Fredericksburg, Trents 

Reach, Dutch Gap, Virginia; New Reservoir, District of Columbia.— 

PaTapsco FORMATION. Hell Hole, 72d milepost, near Brooke, Vir- 

ginia. (?) Overlook Inn, Maryland.—LaKotTa FrorMaTIon. Bar- 

rett, Wyoming.—Fuson FroRMATION. Pine Creek, Wyoming. 
Collections.—U. S. National Museum. 





THE GENUS TAENIOPTERIS OF BRONGNIART. 


Brongniart gives the following diagnosis of Taeniopteris m his 
Prodrome :4 

Fronde simple, entiére, étroite, 4 bords paralléles, transversée par une nervure 
moyenne, forte, épaisse, qui s’étend jusqu’a l’extrémete; nervures secondares presque 
simples ou bifurquées 4 la base, presque perpendiculaires sur la nervure moyenne. 

The type was the Jurassic species Taeniopteris vittata; which was 
compared with Danaea and Angiopteris of the modern Marattiacee. 

This diagnosis is repeated in Latin without material change in the 
Histoire. In a later’ work the same author institutes various com- 
parisons with modern ferns, and points out that the genus probably 
includes forms of diverse botanical affinities. Three groups are 
recognized: (1) Those with simple fronds like Taeniopteris vittata, 
which suggests modern forms of Acrostichum, (2) those with pinnate 
or bipinnate fronds with articulated pinne like 7. miinsteri, which 
Brongniart is positive is a member of the Marattiacex, and (3) those 
with nonarticulate pinnate fronds like 7. bertrandz. 

The genus has been ably discussed in its Mesozoic aspects by Saporta, 
Zingo, Schenk, Schimper, Seward, and other authors, the former 
especially, while following Brongniart’s original characterization of 
fronds usually simple, considerably extends his diagnosis.’ Saporta’s 
diagnosis is quoted in a recent work by Seward” and need not be 
repeated. The latter author uses the genus in a wide sense following 
Nathorst in including under it such other genera as Oleandridium, 
Angiopteridium, Marattiopsis, Danaeopsis, etc., in which the evidence 
of relationship seems insufficient for the use of names implying affinity 
with the respective modern genera. His characterization may be 
quoted with profit: ‘‘Frond simple or pinnate, usually lanceolate or 





a Saporta, Flora Foss. Portugal, 1894, p. 68, pl. 15, fig. 18; pl. 16, figs. 22, 23. 
b Idem, p. 161, pl. 28, fig. 4. 

¢ Idem, p. 160, pl. 29, fig. 16. 

@ Prodrome, 1828, p. 61. 

¢ Brongniart Hist. végét. foss., 1831, p. 262. 

/ Brongniart, Tableau, 1849, p. 21. 

9 Saporta, Pl. Jurass., vol. 1, 1878, p. 430. 

h Seward, Wealden Flora, pt. 1, 1894, p. 122. 


no. 1769. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE POTOMAC GROUP—BERRY. 633 


linear-lanceolate, apex acute or occasionally obtusely terminated; a 
well-marked midrib from which lateral veins are given off either at right 
angles or more or less obliquely; these may be unbranched or acutely 
forked as they pass toward the leaf margin.’’* The relation of the 
simple species to those with pinnate fronds is uncertain, although it 
seems probable that they all belong to the same stock. It proves to 
be an almost impossible task in the absence of any but the best pre- 
served material to distinguish between Tzeniopteris-like forms and 
the remains of such a cycadaceous genus as NVilsonia. The lateral 
attachment of the lamina in the former and its superior attachment 
in the latter are characters which are very often obscured in the proc- 
ess of fossilization and the usual segmentation of the Nilsonia fronds 
is also a character which is not constant. 

The genus is abundant in the late Paleozoic, the Paleozoic forms 
having been discussed by Zeiller, White, and others, the latter author 
pointing out?’ their probable filiation with the JMJegalopteris stock, 
which extends back to the Middle Devonian. Species of Teeniopteris 
are abundant during the Mesozoic and occasional occurrences are 
recorded during the Cenozoic. It may be seriously questioned, how- 
ever, whether the Paleozoic and post-Paleozoic Teniopterids belong 
to the same stock 

In the Potomac group several species have been described under the 
genus Angiopteridium which it has seemed best to refer to Tieniopteris 
in the absence of all traces of fructification and the consequent lack of 
certainty regarding their taxonomic position. Species also occur in 
the Shasta beds of California and probably in the Kootenai of Mon- 
tana and British Columbia. It is also a common type in the Euro- 
pean Wealden. 

Regarding the botanical affinity of the various forms of Teeniopteris 
it seems very probable that the bulk of them are closely related to the 
Marattiacex, a family with which they are allied by nearly all of the 
authors mentioned. In fact most authors ally them directly with 
living genera, thus Schimper’ positively refers the Rheetic species 
Txniopteris miinsteri to the modern genus Marattia, a conclusion 
which it is difficult to dispute after seeing the magnificent fruiting 
specimens figured by this author. Schenk,? on the other hand, thinks 
this species is closest to Angiopteris, while Raceborski, from the study 
of fruiting specimens from Poland, which he identifies with this same 
species, is equally sure of the correctness of Schimper’s conclusions. 
To mention one or two other instances, Schenk¢ is sure that Danaeopsis 





4 Seward, Wealden Flora, pt. 1, 1894, p. 124. 

b White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 4, 1893, pp. 119-132. 
€ Schimper in Zittel’s Handbuch, 1890, p. 85. 

@ Schenk, Die foss. Pflanzenreste, 1888, p. 30. 

€ Idem, p. 35. 


634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 











marantacea (Presl) Heer from the Keuper is a true Danaea and it 
would be equally difficult to poimt out the differences between the 
modern species and the forms of Danaea which Zingo describes from 
the Jurassic of northern Italy.¢ 


TA NIOPTERIS AURICULATUM (Fontaine). 


Angiopteridium auriculatum FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 113; pl. 7,, figs. 8-11; plo 28, cher: 


Description.—Fontaine’s original description is as follows: 


Frond pinnate; pinnules thick and leathery, long linear, subacute, remotely placed, 
free to the base, auriculate at base, attached by the midrib alone; auricles of the 
bases of the pinnules overlapping the upper surface more or less; midrib of pin- 
nules rather stout and rigid; lateral nerves often obscurely shown, fasciculate or 
bifureate, and toward the tips simply forked. 

The plant is rare at each locality, but is most common at Fredericksburg. It is 
something like Pteris longipennis Heer but there is no reason to think that it is a 
Pteris. It also resembles Pecopteris salicifoliae Oldham and Morris. The forms 
figured in figs. 8, 9, 11 occur at Fredericksburg; fig. 10 occurs at the locality near 
Potomac Run. This is different from the others in the great length of the pinnules 
and in the fasciculate nerves, which are bifurcate, with the branches again forking 
near their tips. The nerves are obscure on the upper surface of the pinnules. The 
main rachis is stout and keeled on the under surface, as is shown in fig. 9. On the 
upper surface the auricles at the base of the pinnules overlap more or less the surface 
of the main rachis. 


No new material referable to this species has been collected. 
Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION. Fredericksburg and Potomae 
Run, Virginia. 
Collections. —U. 8S. National Museum. 
TNIOPTERIS NERVOSUM (Fontaine). 


Angiopteridium nervosum FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 114, pl. 29, fig. 2. 

Angiopteridium densinerve FontAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No.15, 1890, 
p. 115, pl. 29, fig. 4. 

Angiopteridium pachyphyllum Fonva1ne, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 115, pl. 29, fig. 5. 

Angiopteridium strictinerve FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 116, pl. 29, figs. 8, 9 (not Fontaine in Ward, 1906). 

Angiopteridium strictinerve latifolium FontTatnr, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., 
No. 15, 1890, p. 116, pl. 30, figs. 1, 5—Fonrarmg, in Warp, Monogr. U.S. 
Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1905, p. 241, pl. 66, figs. 8-10. : 

Anomozamites angustifolius FonTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 167, pl. 30, fig. 3 (not fig. 2). 

Anomozamites virginicus FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 168, 
pl. 30, fig. 4; pl. 31, fig. 3. 


Description.— Habit unknown, although there are indications in one 
or two specimens that the frond was pinnate. Pinne (or frond) 


4 Zingo, Flora Foss. Oolith., vol. 1, 1856. 
® Heer, Foss. Flora Arct., vol. 6, pt. 2, pl. 10, figs. 5-13. 
¢ Foss. Flora of the Rajmahal series, pl. 27, fig. 2. 


no.1769. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE POTOMAC GROUP—BERRY. 635 


linear-lanceolate to elongate-lanceolate. Length unknown, apparently 
ranging from 10 cm. to 30 em. Maximum width 1.2 em. to 5 em. 
Texture coriaceous. Midrib rather stout and prominent. Lateral 
veins thin but distinct, especially on the lower surface, more or less 
closely placed, parallel, curving backward from the midrib and then 
straight or sightly curved upward to the margin. Angle of divergence 
wide, 45° to 90°. Veins either simple or forked, the forking usually 
near the base, both kinds often shown on a single specimen. 

This species is based entirely upon very fragmentary material, 
which served Fontaine for the differentiation of five species of 
Angiopteridium and two species of Anomozamites. There is absolutely 
no ground for the reference of any of the material to the genus 
Anomozamites and it is all obviously identical. There is some slight 
variation from specimen to specimen, for example, the midrib is some- 
what less stout in Angiopteridium nervosum and densinerve as delimited 
by Fontaine and the angle of divergence is somewhat more acute 
in the latter, but these are not characters of specific value. If 
similar recent fronds, such as those of Oleandra, Angiopteris, or 
Marattia, be examined the size of the midrib, the remoteness or 
closeness of the lateral veins and their angle of divergence will be 
found to vary through much wider limits, a single frond often exhibit- 
ing the extremes in this respect. 

A single specimen from Fredericksburg, figured by Fontaine ® and 
showing apparently the basal portion of three pinne lying in the 
same plane and direction and two of them attached to stout bits of 
rachis, is the only evidence that the fronds were pinnate and not 
simple. These may represent aerial stalks or they may equally 
well be interpreted as fragments of a rhizome or a rootstock. 

This species is not common in the Potomac group and is confined 
to the Patuxent formation. Similar remains are described from 
both the Knoxville and Horsetown beds of the Pacific coast and 
similar fragmentary specimens are described by Saporta’ from the 
Valanginien of Portugal and referred to Schimper’s genus Oleandri- 
dium. In the European Wealden there is Oleandridium beyrichit 
Schenk¢® from Germany and England which Seward refers to 
Texniopteris, and two other forms of questionable distinctness which 
the latter author describes from the English beds.¢ Oleandra arctica 
Heer ¢ from the Kome beds of Greenland may be compared with 
the Potomac Tzeniopterids. Newberry / identifies this species in the 


4 Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, pl. 29, fig. 9. 

b Saporta, Flora Foss. Portugal, 1894, p. 85, pl. 15, fig. 3; pl. 16, fig. 18. 
¢Schenk, Palaeontographica, vol. 19, 1871, p. 221, pl. 29, figs. 6, 7. 

d Seward, Wealden Flora, pt. 1, 1894, pp. 127, 128. 

€ Heer, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1874, p. 38, pl. 12, figs. 3-11. 

f Newberry, Amer. Journ. Sci. (ser. 3), vol. 41, 1891, p. 201, pl. 14, fig. 9. 


636 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








Kootenai of Montana, the latter forms at least, betag probably 
identical with the Virginia species. 

Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION. Fredericksburg, near Tele- 
graph station and near Potomac Run, Virginia. 

Collections.—U. S. National Museum. 


THE GENUS NILSONIA OF BRONGNIART. 


This genus was founded by Brongniart * for certain remains from 
the Rhetic of Sweden which had been recorded and figured by 
Nilsson in 1820 who regarded them as fern remains. In the Prod- 
rome the diagnosis is as follows: 

Feuilles pinnées; pinnules rapprochées, oblongues, plus ou moins alongées, 
arrondies au sommet, adhérentes au rachis par toute la largeur de leur base, & nervures 
paralléles, dont quelques-unes sont beaucoup plus marquées. ® 

The genus was regarded by Brongniart as referable to the Cycadales 
a view generally accepted by subsequent workers, although Schenk? 
in 1867, on the basis of supposed sori on some German specimens, 
referred it to the Filicales, in which he was at first followed by 
Schimper @ and more recently by Solms-Laubach.¢ 

The genus has also been ably discussed by Saporta, Nathorst, 
Seward, and others, Nathorst in particular having shown that the 
two kinds of veins supposed to occur together were due to slight folds 
in the lamina due to pressure, maceration, or the creep of the enclosing 
strata. He characterizes the veins as equal and simple and empha- 
sizes the insertion of the lamina on the upper surface of the rachis, 
suggesting that Schenk’s supposed sori are fungal or stomatal in 
their nature/ 

The genus may be redefined in the following terms: Frond coria- 
ceous, elongate-lanceolate in outline, entire or commonly more or 
less deeply pinnatifid by being split, usually to the rachis, into a 
number of more or less irregular segments which are contiguous, 
usually broad, and truncate. Lamina attached to the upper surface 
of the rachis, the simple and parallel equal lateral veins’ running 
almost or quite to the median line. In material showing only the 
under surface of the fronds the stout midrib is prominent and un- 
segmented specimens are scarcely distinguishable from Txniopteris 
and allied forms, while the segmented varieties approach Anomoza- 
mites or even some species of Pterophyllum im appearance. 








a Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 4, 1825, p. 218. 
b Brongniart, Prodrome, 1828, p. 95. 
¢ Schenk, Die fossile Flora Grenzschichten Keupers u. Lias Frankens, 1867, p. 124. 
Schimper, Pal. Végét., vol. 1, 1869, p. 488. 

€ Solms-Laubach, Fossil, Botany, 1891, p. 139. 

See Nathorst, Uber die gattung Nilssonia Brongn., Kongl. Svenska Vet. akad. 
Handl., vol. 43, 1909, No. 12. 


a 


c 


~. 


NO. 1769. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE POTOMAC GROUP—BERRY. 637 





The genus Nilsonia appears in the Triassic and is particularly a 
Rhetic and Oolitic type. A number of undoubted species occur, 
however, in the Lower Cretaceous, no less than seven different species 
having been recorded from the Lakota, Kootenai, and Shasta deposits. 
The Neocomien of Japan furnishes two or three species, while the 
widespread Nilsonia schaumburgensis (Dunker) Nathorst, occurs very 
abundantly at a number of European Wealden localities. The Upper 
Cretaceous shows a species in the Atane beds of Greenland and one 
in the Cenomanien of Bohemia, while several supposed species have 
been recorded from Tertiary strata. 

There are two species in the Potomac group, a lanceolate unseg- 
mented form variously described by Fontaine as Angiopteridium and 
Sapindopsis and the large and elegant form which this author 
describes as two species of Platypterygium. The latter term was pro- 
posed by Schimper in 1880 as a subgenus of Anomozamites for very 
large forms of that type. It was subsequently used as a genus by 
Feistmantel and Fontaine although this usage seems unwarranted, 
especially since the Platypterygium forms of Anomozamites are all 
confined to much older horizons and the Potomac forms agree in all 
essential characters with Nilsonia, a relationship suggested by Seward 
in 1900 after examining the material in the U. S. National Museum. 
As illustrated by Fontaine the rachis is represented as very wide and 
the opposite segments are far apart. That the midrib was not wide 
and flat in life, but prominent below and not out of proportion to the 
size of the fronds is shown by a most casual examination of the con- 
siderably macerated and much flattened specimens. 


NILSONIA OREGONENSIS (Fontaine). 


Angiopteridium strictinerve FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1905, 
pp. 240, 511, pl. 66, figs. 5-7; pl. 110, fig. 12 (not Fontaine, 1890). 

Sapindopsis oregonensis FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1905, 
p. 268, pl. 69, figs. 15-17. 

Description.—Frond simple, unsegmented in all the specimens 
collected, lanceolate in outline, with equally poimted apex and base. 
Length apparently about 7 em. to 15 cm. and greatest width, which 
is midway between the apex and the base, 1.2cm. to 1.6cem. Texture 
coriaceous. Rachis stout, prominent below. Lateral veins close 
and parallel, the great majority simple, but an occasional vein 
forking dichotomously. Angle of divergence large, varying from 
55° in the apical part of the frond to 85° in the median and basal 
portions. 

This species is based upon considerable incomplete material from 
widely separated localities, which afforded the basis for two different 
species of Fontaine, but which seem to be identical and markedly 
different from the types to which they were referred. The forms 


638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


referred to, Angiopteridium strictinerve, are from Virginia and Califor- 
nia, while those described as a new species of Sapindopsis, which genus 
they do not resemble in the remotest degree, are from Oregon. 
The former are quite different from the type of that species, being 
smaller and less elongate with closer mostly simple veins and with 
the rachis prominent below and masked above by the lamina of 
the frond. The latter correspond with the others in outline and 
venation, differing in outline, venation, and in the character of the 
rachis from Sapindopsis. 

The present species, which is confined to the Potomac group and 
the Shasta of California and Oregon, where it occurs in both the 
Knoxville and the Horsetown beds, is suggestive of the species 
from the Neocomien of Japan, which Yokoyama” identifies as 
Nilsonia johnstrupr Heer. 

Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION (?) Chinkapin Hollow, Vir- 
ginia. "SHASTA FORMATION, California (Tehama County, in Knoxville 
and Horsetown beds), and Oregon (near Riddles, in Horsetown beds). 





NILSONIA DENSINERVE (Fontaine). 
Platypterigium densinerve FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 169, pl. 30, fig. 8; pl. 31, figs. 1, 4; pl. 32, figs. 1, 2; pl. 33, fig. 1; pl. 34, 
fig. 1; pl. 35, figs. 1, 2—Fonraine, in Warp, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., 
No. 48, 1905, p. 521, pl. 112, fig. 8. 
Platypterigium rogersianum FonTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 171, pl. 31, fig. 2;.pl..33, fig..2;. pl-34, figs 2. 

Description.—Fronds large, upward of 50 cm. to 70 cm. in length 
by 15 em. to 18 cm. in greatest width, averaging about 12 cm., 
either entire or more often irregularly divided into rectangular or 
subrhombic segments, at times somewhat rounded proximad. Tex- 
ture coriaceous. Rachis stout, prominent below, more or less 
flattened during fossilization. Laterals of small calibre, close, one- 
third to 1 mm. apart, parallel, invariably simple and nearly straight, 
diverging at an angle in the neighborhood of 90°. 

This splendid species, presumably because of its large size, is 
represented only by fragmentary specimens, both the apex and the 
base being missing. It is not at all common and is entirely con- 
fined to the Patuxent and Arundel formations in the Maryland- 
Virginia area. The specimens show some individual variations in 
the degree of segmentation and strength and position of the lateral 
veins, the forms which served as a basis for Platypterygiwm roger- 
sianum of Fontaine, being more robust, but somewhat smaller than 
the others, with veins somewhat larger in size and less closely placed, 
but the limits of variation are nevertheless quite restricted. 

There can be but little doubt of all of these forms belonging to a 
single species, such variations as are observable being due to varia- 


@ Yokoyama, Journ. Imp. Coll. Sci., Japan, vol. 7, 1895, p. 226, pl. 25, figs. 1-4. 


a. ee 


eee ae oe 


no.1769. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE POTOMAC GROUP—BERRY. 639 


tions in the methods of preservation. At first glance the rachis ap- 
pears to have been wide and ribbon-like, but this was not the case. 
The segments are inserted on the upper surface of the rachis in con- 
formity with the generic diagnosis, and in one of the specimens the 
lateral veins of opposite sides approach to within 1 mm. of each other, 
being separated by a slightly raised ridge. Ventrally it is seen that 
the large rachis is flattened and during or since fossilization small 
fragments of the inner margin of the segments overlying the rachis 
are more or less flaked off, exposing in places the broadly flattened 
rachis. In another specimen the segments of one side are still at- 
tached centrally to the top of the rachis, which is flattened and pushed 
over in the opposite direction, the segments of the other side being 
broken off proximally, again giving the appearance of a broad, flat 
rachis. In the final report the writer will show photographic repro- 
ductions of a number of these forms with cross-sections illustrating 
the manner of fossilization, and showing conclusively the correctness 
of the foregoing statements. 

Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION, Fredericksburg, Virginia.— 
ARUNDEL FORMATION, Langdon, District of Columbia. 

Collections.—U. S. National Museum. 





THE GENUS SAPINDOPSIS OF FONTAINE. 


This curious genus was founded by Fontaine @ in 1890, and referred 
to the Family Sapindacee of the Order Sapindales. It was charac- 
terized as follows: 

Leaves pinnate, both odd pinnate and abruptly pinnate; terminal leaves usually 
more or less united at base; upper pairs of leaves decurrent, forming a wing on the 
common stem, the wing lessening in width on the pairs in descending; leaves mostly 
opposite in pairs, sometimes subopposite; the lowest pairs lack the wing, and are some- 
times short-petioled; leaves thick, with dense and often glossy epidermis, elliptical 
or lancet-shaped, with a strong prominent midrib, which extends with shght diminu- 
tion to the tip of the leaf; lateral nerves going off at a large angle, and uniting more or 
less completely near the margin to form a series of arches; the lateral or primary nerves, 
as seen on the lower side of the leaves, strong and prominent, but on the upper side, 
owing to the thickness of the leaves, generally indistinct; the ultimate reticulation is 
strong, and forms a series of rather large, irregular, polygonal meshes. 

Sapindopsis is an important element in the flora of the uppermost 

nember of the Potomac group, the Patapsco formation, to which the 
genus in exclusively confined, with the single exception that Sapin- 
dopsis variabilis has been recorded in the nearly homotaxial Fuson for- 
mation of Wyoming. No specimens of Sapindopsis are known from 
either the Patuxent or Arundel formations or their equivalents in 
other parts of North America. It is true that Professor Fontaine 
described Sapindopsis cordata from Fredericksburg, Virginia, but this 





a Fontaine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 296. 


640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 








material, which is very poor, is obviously not related to this genus, 
while the record of Sapindopsis elliptica from Fredericksburg by the 
same author is based upon the remains of Rogersia longifolia Fon- 
taine. Likewise the record of Sapindopsis obtusifolia from Deep 
Bottom, Virginia, is based upon fragments of uncertain generic affinity, 
but doubtfully related to Sapindopsis. The genus is notably absent 
from the fossiliferous Patapsco beds at Federal Hill, Maryland, but 
when present at a locality it usually occurs in the greatest abund- 
ance, as at Fort Foote, Maryland, or in the vicinity of Brooke and 
Aquia Creek, Virginia, where hundreds of specimens often of great 
perfection have been collected. 

In modification of the diagnosis quoted above it may be said that 
the vast majority of the leaves are abruptly pinnate and the terminal 
leaflets, while usually confluent and decurrent, are sometimes petio- 
late, Sapindopsis magnifolia in particular furnishing many individuals 
lacking the decurrently winged rachis. 

The most closely related plants to Sapindopsis in the modern flora 
are the various genera of American Tropical Sapindacese. Among 
these the genus Matayba Aublet approaches very near to the Creta- 
ceous form. Matayba embraces species with both opposite and alter- 
nate leaflets having either entire or dentate margins. The rachis 
lacks definite alee, but it is somewhat flattened with a vestigal wing on 
each side in the form of a raised line which is wider at the point of 
origin of the leaflets and decurrent to the next lower leaflets. So many 
other genera of the Sapindacee have markedly alate rachises that the 
presumption is strong that this genus or its ancestors were at some 
time similarly provided. The most similar species seems to be 
Mataybaapetala (Macfarland) Radlkofer, in which the leaflets are usually 
more numerous than in Sapindopsis; although some specimens show 
but three pairs, those with four pairs are common; they are some- 
times subopposite, and as many as seven pairs are met with. The 
venation is exactly like that of the fossils, as is the texture of the 
leaves and their limits of variation. Another closely related species 
is Matayba domingensis Radlkofer, also a native of the West Indies. 

It is exceedingly satisfactory to be able to establish upon a some- 
what firmer basis Professor Fontaine’s choice of the term Sapindopsis 
for these Potomac plants. They are so abundant in their occurrence, 
so striking in appearance, their strict habit and glossy texture giving 
them every appearance of some fern-like plant, as, for example, the 
common Acrostichum aureum of the Tropics, that their original 
describer deserves great credit for having correctly determined their 
modern affinities. 


No. 1769. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE POTOMAC GROUP—BERRY. 641 


SAPINDOPSIS VARIABILIS Fontaine emend. 


Sapindopsis variabilis FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 15, 1890, p. 298, 
pl. 151, fig. 1; pl. 152, figs. 1, 4; pl. 153, fig. 3; pl. 154, figs. 2-4; pl. 155, 
figs. 2-6.—FoNTAINE, in Warp, 19th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1899, 
pt. 2, p. 690, pl. 169, fig. 9; Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1905, pp. 481, 
482, 489, 532, pl. 114, fig. 2. 

Sapindopsis parvifolia FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 300, 
pl. 154, fig. 6. 

Description.—Leaves odd pinnate, sometimes abruptly pinnate, 
with three pairs of lateral leaflets, which may be opposite, although 
usually there is a tendency toward a subopposite arrangement, 
markedly so in several specimens. Leaflets normally lanceolate, indi- 
viduals of the same leaf about of a size, usually markedly decurrent, 
but variable in this respect. The proximal leaflets are always less 
decurrent than the pair next above, and in some cases even have short 
petioles. The upper leaflets are remarkably variable, sometimes with 
an abnormal decurrent wing which joins the inner lamina of the next 
lower pair of leaflets; at other times the rachis entirely lacks a wing. 
The leaf may be terminated abruptly by a pair of leaflets variously 
coalesced or the three apical leaflets may be variously united, their 
lamina may be almost symmetrical or markedly inequilateral, their 
margins showing a tendency toward undulation, and occasionally a 
leaflet is divided into a basal and an apical part by a sharp constric- 
tion on one side near the middle of the blade, ranging in size from 
the small forms upon which Fontaine founded his species Sapindopsis 
parvifolia and which are 1.6 cm. long and 0.4 em. wide to forms 
which approach Sapindopsis magnifolia in size and are 10 cm. long 
and 1.5 cm. wide. The average dimensions of a large number of 
specimens are, however, 6 to 7 cm. long by 1 to 1.8 em. wide. 

Leaves thick, with smooth surface. Rachis and midrib stout. 
Venation more prominent than in the other species, but still very 
faint, with the exception of the secondaries, which while fine are more 
conspicuous than in the other species. Secondaries forming a wide 
angle with the midrib, nearly straight for two-thirds of the distance 
to the margin, where they bend sharply upward and join the secondary 
next above by a but slightly curved arch. As the secondaries are 
numerous and almost uniformly spaced the venation has much the 
appearance of a Hucalyptus, except that the marginal hem is much 
broader than in that genus. 

This species is exceedingly abundant at various localities in the 
Patapsco formation and is by far the most characteristic species of 
that formation, although it has not been detected at certain other 
undoubted Patapsco horizons. It is the only species of the genus 
which has been recorded outside of the Maryland-Virginia area, 
occurring in the Fuson formation along Oak Creek, Wyoming, where 

Proc. N.M.vol.388—10——41 


642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


it is the most abundant species found, just as it is at White House 
Bluff, Brooke, and Aquia Creek, Virginia, and at Fort Foote, Mary- 
land. 

It is an exceedingly variable form in all its details, and as during 
maceration the most variable apical portion is the last to be destroyed 
this variability is emphasized in fragmentary material such as that 
usually collected. When well préserved it furnishes most character- 
istic specimens. In life its rigid pinnate leaves and strict appear- 
ance must have given it a very striking aspect. 

Occurrence.—PATAPSCO FORMATION. Fort Foote (over 100 speci- 
mens), Prince George County, Maryland; near Brooke, White House 
Bluff, Mount Vernon, 72d milepost, Aquia Creek, and near Wide- 
water, Virginia. —FusoN FORMATION. Oak Creek, Wyoming (abun- 
dant at all of the foregoing localities). 

Coliections.—U. S. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. 


SAPINDOPSIS MAGNIFOLIA Fontaine emend. 


Sapindopsis magnifolia FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 297, 
pl. 151, figs. 2, 3; pl. 152, figs. 2, 3; pl. 153, fig. 2; pl. 154, figs. 1, 5; pl. 155, 
fig. 6.—Fonrarne, in Warp, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1905, pp. 
481, 482, 528. 

?Aralia dubia FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 314, pl. 157, 
figs. 1, 7 (not Schimper, 1874). 

Ficophyllum eucalyptoides Fontatnrt, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 294, pl. 164, figs. 1, 2. 

Sapindopsis tenuinervis FontaAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 
301, pl. 153, fig. 1.—Fonrarne, in Warp, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 
1906, pp. 489, 528. 

? Aralia fontainei KNow.ton, Bull. No. 152, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1898, p. 37. 

Sapindopsis obtusifolia FONTAINE, 1890, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, 
p. 301, pl. 156, fig. 13; pl. 159, figs. 3-6. 

Ficophyllum eucalyptoides FonTAINE, in Warp, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 
1906, p. 489. 

Description.—Leaves commonly odd pinnate, although occasional 
abruptly pinnate forms occur, of considerable size, but somewhat 
variable, however, in this respect. Leaflets 3 pairs, comparatively 
large, lanceolate, tapering almost equally toward the apex and base, 
the latter inequilateral except in the terminal leaflets, pointed, often 
lacking apical portions, length increasing proximad, averaging about 
10 cm., longest seen 14 cm. (estimated), shortest 5 em., width vary- 
ing from 1.1 to 3.2 em., inequilateral, since the outer half of the lamina 
is broader than the inner half and is markedly decurrent. This 
feature is least emphasized in the basal leaves which may even have 
a considerable petiole, but becomes increasingly pronounced distad, 
the terminal leaflets often forming a bilobate or trilobate whole with 
the outer margins broadly decurrent and joining the lamina of the 
leaflet next below at the point of juncture of its inner margin with 


, 


NO. L769. FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE POTOMAC GROUP—BERRY. 643 


the rachis. Certain specimens show all of the leaflets petiolate, a 
feature much emphasized in specimens collected recently on Stump 
Neck, Maryland, in which the petioles are 3 to 4 em. in length. The 
leaflets in this species are much oftener petiolate and lacking in the 
winged rachis than in Sapindopsis variabilis, in these features closely 
resembling the leaves of the modern Matayba apetala in which the 
rachial wings are vestigal. Leaf substance thick and leathery, epi- 
dermis firm and glossy. 

Leaflets commonly subopposite, often markedly so, forming an 
acute angle with the rachis. Midribs stout and prominent below. 
Secondaries slender, only seen on the under surface of the leaflets 
and even then made out with difficulty, 8 to 10 pairs, branching from 
the midrib at a rather wide angle especially in the central part of 
the leaf, the angle is more acute basally, curving upward ultimately 
to join a short branch of the secondary next above. Tertiaries fine, 
forming lax subrhombic areolxe where visible. 

This species is very common at certain localities within the Pa- 
tapsco formation, as, for example, on Stump Neck, in Charles County, 
Maryland, although at other outcrops of this same formation it has 
not been detected. This is notably the case in the Federal Hill 
deposits, from which large collections have been made without dis- 
closing a single specimen. Evidently the species was local in its 
distribution, which is emphasized by its total absence in any other 
Lower Cretaceous deposit either here or abroad. 

The grounds for the separation of this species from Sapindopsis 
variabilis are slight, since both are variable and the larger forms of the 
latter are quite as large as the smaller forms of Sapindopsis magni- 
folia. In the Potomac they are found in association at all the locali- 
ties where either occur, and the smaller species is usually the most 
common as if Sapindopsis magnifolia represented the occasional 
more robust forms of that species. On the other hand, the latter has 
not been detected in the abundant remains of Sapindopsis variabilis 
found at Oak Creek, Wyoming, and there is commonly considerable 
disparity in size between the two. There are certain other differ- 
ences which appear to be constant. These are the thicker relatively 
longer leaflets of Sapindopsis magnifolia with less numerous and some- 
what more ascending secondaries which are not connected distally by 
relatively flat arches. The writer includes under this species the 
Sapindopsis tenuinervis of Fontaine, recorded from the localities 
near Brooke, Virginia, and from Fort Foote, Maryland. The only 
apparent ground for its erection was a fancied difference in venation 
based chiefly on a more slender midrib and more remote leaflets, both 
characters which are seen to be variable and altogether unreliable 
as soon as any number of specimens are compared. 


644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL- MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





The specimen from Deep Bottom, Virginia, which is the most 
southerly outerop of the Patapsco formation known and the only one 
of this age in the James River Valley, forming the basis for the species 
Aralia dubia Fontaine (Aralia fontainet Knowlton), is doubtfully 
included under the synonymy of this species, since it appears to 
represent a macerated and distorted specimen of the terminal leaf- 
lets of a large Sapindopsis. There is certainly no ground for retain- 
ing it in the genus Aralia. Likewise the specimens which formed 
the basis for Micophyllum eucalyptoides Fontaine are clearly referable 
to this species of Sapiundopsis and have nothing in common with 
Ficophyllum. 

Occurrence.—PATAPSCO FORMATION. Near Brooke, 72d milepost, 
near 72d milepost, Deep Bottom (?), near Widewater and Aquia Creek, 
White House Bluff, Virginia, Stump Neck and Fort Foote, Maryland. 

Collections —U. 8. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. 





SAPINDOPSIS BREVIFOLIA Fontaine. 
Sapindopsis brevifolia Fontaine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 15, 1890, p. 300, 
pl. 153, fig. 4; pl. 155, figs. 1, 7; pl. 163, fig. 3.—Fonraring, in WARD, Monogr. 
U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 48, 1905, pp. 481, 482, 528. 

Description.—Leaves odd-pinnate, the terminal leaflet considerably 
larger than the lateral leaflets of which but two pairs are known. 
These are opposite. Leaflets somewhat crowded, so that their mar- 
gins often overlap, with subacute tips, varying in length from 2 to 5 
cm. and in width from 0.8 to 1.6 cm., averaging about 3 cm. long by 
1.3 cm. wide. Inequilateral toward the base and showing consid- 
erable variation in decurrence even among the few specimens known, 
in some the rachis is conspicuously winged, while in others the leaflets 
are all petioled, the whole having the aspect of some member of the 
Leguminose. Midribs stout, secondaries ascending, camptodrome, 
seen with difficulty, since the leaf texture is coriaceous. 

This is a poorly marked species of infrequent occurrence at the 
same localities where the other species of this genus occur and may 
simply represent variant forms of the abundant Sapindopsis variabilis. 

Occurrence. —PATAPSCO FORMATION. Near Brooke, 72d milepost, 
Aquia Creek, Virginia; Fort Foote, Maryland. 

Collections. —U. S. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. 





« The table on page 586 of Monogr. 48, U. S. Geol. Surv., gives Colchester road as 
an additional locality for this species. This occurrence is not mentioned in the text, 
and the writer has failed to locate the specimen, if one existed, among the fragmentary 
material from this locality. 





ene ee 


—_T rT. lh h!!lhU[ lr 


Oe oS 


ee ere 


DESCRIPTION OF A NEW PARASITIC ISOPOD FROM THE 
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 


By Harrier RicHarpson, 


Collaborator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U. S. National Museum. 


The isopod, which is herein described, was collected by the U.S. 
Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross among the Hawaiian Islands 
in 1902. This species was not included in my earlier report,” because 
additional material was sent in after that report was published. 

SCYRACEPON HAWAIIENSIS, new species. 

Body of adult female oval in outline, somewhat asymmetrical. 
Color uniformly light yellow. 

Head very large, bilobed, and provided with a wide marginal 
border on the anterior half. Eyes wanting. Both pairs of antenne 





Fig. 1.—ScyRACEPON HAWAIIENSIS, FEMALE. @, DORSAL VIEW. b, VENTRAL VIEW. C, LATERAL VIEW 
OF THORAX. 


small and inconspicuous; first pair composed of two joints; second 
pair composed of four joints. Maxillipeds very large with the exo- 
podite produced at the inner distal extremity into a long lamella- 
like process with many smaller lamellae along its inner margin. 
The lamella-like process of one side overlaps that of the other maxil- 


aBull. U.S. Fish Commission, vol. 23, pt. 3, 1906, pp. 819-826. 


Proceepinas U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 38—No. 1770. 
645 


646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 


liped on the ventral side of the frontal border of the head; the 


endopodite is trian 
eT BASS, 
ae 


ie 


ee 


FIG. 2.—SCYRACEPON HA- 
WAUENSIS. MAXILLIPED. 


The six abdomin 


gular. 

All seven thoracic segments are distinct and 
subequal in length. There is a tendency in 
all except the first (most marked in the last 
four) to be produced into a dorsal median 
boss. This boss is most conspicuous in the 
seventh segment and takes the form of a 
strong hook-shaped prominence. The epimera 
of the first four segments are conspicuous on 
the anterior portion of the lateral margins. 
Ovarian bosses are present on the first four 
segments. The lateral margins of the last three 
segments are concealed by the overlapping 
elongated, anteriorly directed ‘‘lames _ pleu- 
rales’? of the abdominal segments. 

al segments are distinctly separated on the dor- 


sal side. Each of the first five segments is 


provided on either side with two elongate, 
fringed appendages and a small sac-like body 
on the ventral side at the base of the in- 
ferior appendage. The superior elongate ap- 
pendage on either side of each segment is the 
“Jame pleurale’’ of the segment, and these 
decrease in size from the first to the fifth 
segment, the first being extremely long, the 
fifth quite small. The inferior elongated 
branches are the outer branches of the ple- 


Fig. 4.—SCYRACEPON Ha- 
WAIIENSIS. FIRST LA- 
MELLA OF MARSUPIUM. 


opoda and resemble the 
“lames pleurales.’”’ They 
also decrease in size from 
the first to the fifth seg- 
ments. The inner branches 
of the pleopoda are five pairs of small sac-like 
bodies, a pair for each segment on the ventral 
side of the body, inconspicuous, forming two 
converging longitudinal rows. 

The uropoda are a pair of elongated append- 
ages attached to the sixth abdominal segment 
and resembling the ‘‘lames pleurales’’ and the 
outer branches of the pleopoda. 

There are seven pairs of small, feeble, pre- 
hensile legs. There are five pairs of incuba- 
tory plates which overlap in the middle of the 


Fia. 3.—SCYRACEPON HAWAII- 
ENSIS. MANDIBLE. 


ventral side, completely inclosing the incubatory pouch. The distal 


segment of the first 


pair is somewhat produced at the inner posterior 


NO. 1770. A NEW HAWAIIAN ISOPOD—RICHARDSON. 647 


angle and has the posterior margin dr awh out in sm: all : ammellé we. The 
last pair is tuberculate at the base. 

The male has all the segments of the thorax defined and distinctly 
separate. Each is provided with a median ventral boss. The head is 
small and rounded and provided with eyes. The first 
pair of antenne are composed of two articles; the 
second pair are composed of four articles. The seg- 
ments of the abdomen are fused in the middle of the 

dorsal surface, but are indicated =a 
laterally by five incisions on either 
side, the last incision being very 
slight. The pleopods and uropods 
are rudimentary. 
Two specimens, a male and a 
Fic. 5.—Scyraceron na- female, were collected by the U. S 
wauensis. SecoNDLEG ~=Bureau of Fisheries steamer Alba- C 
et tross, at station 3884, Pailolo Chan- 
nel, between Maui and Molokai islands, Territory of 


Hawaii, at a depth of 277 to 284 fathoms in globige- Ly 

rina ooze. They were parasitic on Pilumnoplax cooki jaa 6 scyr scp. 

Rathbun, having been found in the branchial cavity. oe 
MALE. 


Type.—Cat. No. 40897, U.S.N.M. 

Only one species of the genus has been previously described, the 
type, Scyracepon tuberculosa Tattersall,“ parasitic on Seyramathia 
Gnpenicr: Soy and found at Tearaght, County Kerry, Ireland. 


ahisheries, roland: Sci. oe 1904, fal: 2 [1905], pp. 36-% 37, pl. 1 ae 9-12; 
p. 78. 





FRESH-WATER SPONGES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.—PART IV. NOTE 
ON THE FRESH-WATER SPONGE, EPHYDATIA JAPON- 
ICA, AND ITS ALLIES. 


By, NELSON ANNANDALE, 


Superintendent of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 


Among the specimens of fresh-water sponges recently sent me by 
the U. S. National Museum for examination is one of considerable 
interest from the point of view of geographical distribution. Taken 
in the Eastern Branch of the Potomac River near Washington, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, it evidently represents Hilgendorf’s Spongilla flu- 
viatilis, var. japonica, which, as I have recently pointed out, deserves 
to rank as a distinct species. 

Ephydatia japonica may be distinguished from the F. fluviatilis of 
recent authors by the shortness of its birotulates, which are never 
much longer than the diameter of their rotules, and by the fact that 
the indentations on the edge of the rotules are much deeper. From 
E. miillerr (Laeberkithn) it may be distinguished by the smoothness 
of its skeleton spicules, and from FE. meyent (Carter) by the shortness 
of its birotulates and by the fact that they never form more than a 
single layer on the gemmule. The following key will demonstrate 
the most conspicuous characters of these four closely allied species, 
which are often confused: 

I. Skeleton spicules smooth. 

A. Shafts of birotulates much longer than diameter of rotules; rotules not deeply 

indented; no vesicular cells in the parenchyma.........-....-.- E. fluviatilis. 

B. Shafts of birotulates much longer than diameter of rotules; rotules deeply in- 

dented; vesicular cells abundant in the parenchyma..........-.---. E. meyeni. 

C. Shafts of birotulates not, or at most slightly, longer than diameter of rotules; 

rotules deeply indented; (?) vesicular cells.........:------..... E. japonica. 

II. Skeleton spicules conspicuously roughened (except at the tips). 
Shafts of birotulates not, or barely, longer than diameter of rotules; rotules 
deeply indented; vesicular cells abundant in the parenchyma. .... EL. miillert. 


E. fluviatilis occurs all over Europe and Nerth America, in Siberia, 
Japan, the Malay Archipelago, and Australia; 1. miillerv all over 





PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL.. 38—No. 1771. 


649 


650 PROCEEDINGS OF TAH NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 38. 





North America and Europe and in Japan; /. meyeni all over penin- 
sular India from Bombay to Cape Comorin and Calcutta; 2. japonica 
not only in Japan but also, as we have seen, in North America. 
Unfortunately, none of the specimens of EF. japonica I have exam- 
ined are in a sufficiently good state of preservation for me to be able 
to express an opinion as to whether vesicular cells are present or not. 
Probably they are not present, for Doctor Weltner, who has exam- 
ined the type-specimens, regards the form as a variety of F. fluvia- 
tilis. 
The following is the synonymy of F. japonica, so far as we know it: 
1882. Spongilla fluviatilis, var. japonica HILGENDORF, Sitzungsb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, 
derlin, p. 26. 
1895. Ephydatia fluviatilis, var. japonica WeuTNER, Archiv f. Naturg., vol. 1, pp. 
123, 134. 
1909. Ephydatia japonica ANNANDALE, Annot. Zool. Japon., vol. 7, pt. 2, p. 109, 
pl..2, figs: *3,-3a,-30; 


eS Se ee 


eee ee hl 


—— 


INDEX. 


Page. 

PANAT) Ae eee te aa eee Sica cmamietee 45 
Abbott, Dr. W. L., new species of Pithecus 

and Pygathrix collected by... ._.. Pee eae 343 

Ablabes sinensis..................2.2..2-22-- ~ 108 

ANDTOLS SPINIMANG .-.. 0 Acne esa ce eee secs 609 

Acanthocyclus albatrossis .......-........- 581, 609 

PN Pe te reer ee eee et eee 609 

gayi................... 581,609, 616 

naSSICT 4451 2b ete ene nes cae 581 

WHTLOSUS 228 Base oe cies 2 609 

Acanthonyx concamerata.-...........------- 609 

Gebilisie-ceaccct ste See ose se. 609 

EMAarvinatusS.. s2e2-0-2-5e- --< 534, 609 

INSIONIS 22 22 cms o-~ See 551, 609 

petiverii................. 534,571, 609 

Acanthopneuste borealis xanthodryas..-....- 73 

COTONA UA 225 oe eee cena ses 174 

Acanthopus clavimanus.................-.--- 609 

PIDDESH eee Soe oases dae ssce 609 

Acanthus spino-hirsutus.......-.....---...- 585 

spinohirsutus’.<2-2.:.52i2...2-..-. 609 

PACOTUIA CLAUSII oa. +fiae cic et acne ates cane ket 407 

LONSAS omen cases ee ease eee oe 407, 414, 485 

PN COIDICOD MMSUS 3 <:c1e5:02 cigiaiss de lowe ae Sate 157 

Achalinus formosanus.............-.----.--- 92,104 

MULeScens! 2.s.c ee shes s soe e cee 104 

SPINA Sees et eee denen ten once 104 

ACHeIOUS AGUMINAUS=.-~ 25225-22222 e005 2 < 538, 609 

TevaIMAN US sees aes 5 aie 578, 609 

MAMAMOENSIS. 2 = gene wae ae eases 577 

SMUD aap eee een 12 I tae 577,609 

spinimanus....-.... suemenvedtaeese 577.609 

ivaNSVeErIsuS.< 2... ceo. ee neecetces 577,610 

AMG Shee CBS eos tka a we 577, 610 

SA CHIMIS TASCIACUS . .o.5,.)- 2 ceieoiels.t cists ses Seco ise 145 

Acolus luteipes........... San aa aete oot 124 

IACTALA CATCUGD = S oiete wala bots oe cb lees 268 

Acredula caudata macroura.......----...--- 172 

trivirgatea Mmaens 2 sos 2 eee ccls. 173 

Acrocephalus japonicus. ....-...-.-2+-.-.-2-. 73 

OCHO LEDSIS eter = set cine ee ae 73 

AlcTOStICHOPH YUM -<.22 oc schee cosa sees 627 

INCTOSHMCHODLELIS: «2528 -s0 onc see - sce 625, 626, 627 

adiantilolia sees. 22 fase 22 629 

eyclopteroidess ..). 2.52.5 < 630 

densifoligz= 222222 5..:62--- 627 

fimbriatas:. 228) i255. -552..2 630 


fossil plants of the genus, 
from the Potomac group.. 625 


longipennis.......-... 626, 627, 630 
Palrcelopatas=s24/o5-0 5 sao 630 
Patvitolign. Secs faecee 627.630 
Pluripartitaq*/-2 eo... = 626, 631 
rutordi<")- =>... Me. Ae 627, 631 





Page. 

Acrostichum = «22.3222 ai ers oe sSuetaieces § O32 
SUTEWIMN =< i2caeese Je ces eee 640 

Actea dovils. .22.22-- 220: cece eee eee eee Obs 
HIrsutisSimg): ce eee os eee 2 eee 609 

Jab yirmthich2. 2 22scb. se. see . 583,610 
IMCANUTICH Ae. 6 Jue es eee eee 610 
ACTINOPLELIS cs 2 ae-eee ee eee eee ee 627 
ACtitisthypoleucos....2o-40-2. ose ee ee 154 
PA CIANIUUIMO NE i eee ee oo. 2 eee 629 
Adirus trimaculatus....................-....- 208 
Adocus lineolatus..............2......--.--- 318 
VACOTAUUS= oe Seees oe ee eee 307, 317 
“Echmophorus occidentalis... 2.22.22... 22. -- 28 
AB CiAlitis: dubia. 2.3. .220.<20 + occ sessesscec se 155 
MON 0]a. eee ee ee eee 155 

Dlacids 53 eee fo. See ee 155 

figla denticulata. 2.222. .0..042.<ss5scchssse. 602 
LEE VASc.Be oe eee cate eee ee eee 602, 610, 612 
/®salon regulus insignis..................---- 158 
LD OTI A = ie ee sae, el ne a 212 
“toils Cristatellas: ocseeces aeosese oe sone 31 
DUS Gee ose tee Hare Si cisiatatersiaey Reta 32 

DPV OU0 Sete ease ee Shoe ae eee ee 32 
Agapostemon melliventris............-...... 291 
FaOabUS:. 0... c..- f2eece-c 291 

SIGH@NU ss = oe... 22 eee ee 298 

AP ISUFOG OM ACUTUS..2 22222. cscs sae soee lane 112 
AVPTOUS APIS. oe jcce ce os.oele Seca oe Soe ecee eee 238 
incumbens........-- a8 eee eee 237 

ASK: 228 cectacce. teeatee Sisco se eee 58 
Alamosemys annexa............... , 307, 318,319, 321 
substricta..... .. 318, 319, 320, 321 

Alauda arvensis blakistoni..............--- 62, 166 
intermedia................-. 166 


Albatross, birds collected during the cruise of 
the, in the North Pacifie Ocean, 
and in the Bering, Okhotsk, 


Japan, and Eastern Seas ........ 25 
black=(00ted s5.2.--- 2: 4-- eee ae 

WAV SAMs eee ne oe ee ee 39 
SHOrt-talled= 2... 25325-4286. 2 eee 38, 149 

Albuneea scutellata... 2... - BoE skis 2 cee 610 
AN DUNES; SPioo- ore. as see sce ceesce see «seece ee 595 
Albunhippa Spinosa.....2.52.....2.2-.cc2-26- 610 
Alcedo ispida bengalensis...............--.-- 161 
‘AlectO PeClaSUS sas <2 -c-bect es ee eassee | ees 330 
Allan tuspasalanis.. 222.2222 --e+ce- se eee 207 
ANP SOR. . tocacts ania ene nadcen suescos. oa eel 500 
Allorchestes knickerbockeri...............-. 623 
Aostethus indicum. S stcscase ese ase ck 444,465 
‘Alpheopsis'chilensis---). 4. sj--- -nes see ease ee 605 
Alpheus} Sp: ccs 52. 2 .tas-c6- oe . 606,610 
bouvieri, var. chilensis....... Teel 606 
ClAMATtON: « \eeiasen: Sse eae ee 606, 610 


652 INDEX. 
} Page. Page. 
Alpheus, heterochaelis........---2--5--+--- 606; O10 7) teAmilocrailacviss=)sqce t= see) aa nee 85 
lsevigatuste smectic es ae eae eee GLOs | An isolabiss 2 aes es eas ee eee 446 
leeviusculus suse ee ena eee 606, 610 annulipes..... - eet foot on eases 447 
maindronig ven... c anaes 606, 610 amtonis Sess a sae oe eee eee 447 
Malleator see. sees eee 607,610 AZVECH eh aan cee eee eRe 447 
AN AMTENSIS Se es ene ee eet esis 607,610 > bormansics=: ee eae eee 447 
pugilator...... Pe cee eee el eee See 610 littoreaks soca ee ee 448 
scabrodigitus*2 sc cas-s- se oases 610 Marrinalis- sees ssc ee ee eee 448 
Spinifrons):= 5532 sessed tea 606, 610 MAT GIN aoe eee ee Sacto 448 
A Seon axa vinOStnis en cic see Soe te see ne see 164 MA KIM oes ee ee ee ee 448 
Al Geuthar sare ae as 2 Coca ee ace osene er ates 431 MINUS sisson ee 465 
Ge pressa os sea aoa Oe 408, 416 f OV UE RO aeRO me eh SR ole ek ee 448 
Alutera;punctatan. 2 2sscc 22 =< eue ene ee 140 rufescens ss 234: eos hae 448 
schoepiilsazs: ec Ses gen eee ewes 140 ROMs.) eee nese eee 448 
Amblycephalus formosensis........--.-.---- 92,108 | Annandale, Nelson, Fresh-water sponges in 
eeViS.-/s So( 5 ei seer 108 the collection of the 
moellendorfii. ..-.- - eae soe 108 United States National 
MONtiCOlaa seer eee 108 Museum — Part III. 
ASINCITA Acree Ssises SUC e dig che ere eee marek ers Chars 432 Description of a new 
ININCILOPSIS Mee chee ere eee ae, er ee 432 species of Spongilla 
Amen OPhiais ass Se she oe sete ee rs 431 from ‘China 2s2-2 52-22-2180 
Ammobaculites caleareus..........2.:-----: 441 Fresh-water sponges in 
Cylindricus= sts. sees eee a the collection of the 
reophaciformis..........-..- 440 United States National 
Ammospheeroidina grandis........-....-.--- 442 Museum — Part IV. 
spheeroidiniformis.....-- 442 Note on the _ fresh- 
AAT HIBSCUS Seco e ae eee eer een ee Se 432 water sponge Ephy- 
Amphiodon alosoides......... Bees act 353, 354, 355 datia japonica, and its 
noteion the) S22 3 een 353 allies. ees en ease: 649 
Amphipod, fresh-water, a new, from Virginia 299 | Anomalocera patersoni.-....-.......-.------- 407 
Amphipods, fresh-water, from Peru......... 6235) |-Amomozamitesess cca. cease tee eee eee 625 
marine, from Peru: os 2= a 621 anpustioliuss2 sees eeeee ee 634 
Amphitrite edwardsii:........./..--..--.- 578,610 VArPIMICUS)- ees oe eee 634 
PSUCISPINIS aoe a so s=- eee 610) |) Anser:albifrons:gamibelli- 22-2 <2)--+ ee eee 151 
Amiy.da schleghiin os 120) Sass me chee Sains eee: Lhd: :|) Amtedonic peas cient es oe oe ete eens 212 
SIDGASIS=tiac,on. Sacse ee TAS ete 114 AdrishiCay set oo te ee ee 331 
ANACTAPA'SONG (230 soe eee NE Rte. Nes 268 bifidass i424 eee eee 329, 332, 333 
Anacryptus sculpturatus.................--. 129 mediterranea - 222. $2522 -25-25-ee 230, 332 
Stanton =a see eee Vee 29 petasus: 85) co Nas sagen eee ee 275 
Anas platyrhynchosss-sc-s tase ies ane 45 MOSACES ofapemeitoeten eee incia ae ae 329 
ZONOLMYNCha= 22 h= Sine seem esses eee 50S. | PAT UU S US TAA eee eiat cree tcee sae en 71,171 
ANCHOVIG DOWIE shoo ee eons see ee 136 JAPONICUS: Passi eke ee ee eee tL. 
miitchillin sos: eons oe ase hee 186: TIchardiStriolavus/)- aes 171 
Ancistrodon' acutus: vs ee eese es oe see 112 TUBESCENS! Se kscscs es. cena ee eee 71 
Ancistrogaster faleifera, 5233-sou- cs sane A59) 460'| Amachy:ts'Gepressusacs ese oe eee ees 444 
Puplosata tt sateen ssc sree 459 | Apanteles junoniw........ Soe acre ee eee ae 380 
maculiferd ss casecs sade 459 Limenitidis = Se42 S=. eeoeeree 379 
MIKtAS ej ee eee. sees 459, 465 (Protapanteles) fiskei............-. 379 
SPINOR ces esse eee eee 459 hyslopinssscasecae- 379 
Ancorabolusimirabilij 2-22 eess eee eee ee 433 | Aphilodyctium multicolor..................- 204 
Andrena validatscs...2 seuss nee aoe ose 298) Apomys bardus'..-s2. 0s. as- soee ee eee 402 
Anechura harmandio >.) sae ee ee 462 insignis: <2. ce esse eae 402, 403 
AMeCHUTIN Ge. «Meee cre lege mine teen eerie 463 MIPjON. 225 sock since cote e ee aaee 402 
Aneugmenus flavipes: s..+-ce-sc etek e eee 203 musculus... .. nat ey seg e A.as ee eb ete ee 403 
Angiopteridium......... ae See ees (625,632) || Atptery sida oUSCkites eres se ee ey eee 446, 465 
Ssuriculatumes 332252 2s 634 @xdliSoo. soss lock toes eee omens 464 
densinerve2nc- cose Ue 634, 635 eravad Ula. oo kee scare eee ee 452 
NELVOSWUIMSs26 oe san ee 634,635 | Apterygodon vittatum..............-..-..-- 99 
pachy phiyllames es) oss 634-1 SA quuilaChinyStetOS tn erate eee 57 
strictinerve....... 189; :634,'637, 638° | Aralia GWbid.-c- ces. seein see eee eee eee 641 
latifolium......- 634 fontainel\ jose cee ee aaa eee eee 642, 644 
Angiopteris:s:2<- 5-2. Soc se se eee eee eee 632;,.635?)| Aratusmpisonisss.c.-62 sees ceee ee eeoee 548, 590 
ADEuis/platura. aes. oteoatne eee DLL |; Amaneanias.= << osel- oe ere oe oe erase 186 
Aniculusielegans.os-.) oe ee eee eee 597 bidwilli? 325. 2) cate eee ee 186, 187 
longitarsis........ WM i ec ottece 597. |-Arbelaimais..< 5-04) so dee eta: nate ae eee 271 
Anilastus #225. 45 2.22 uk te eee es 382) }} “Actus delfimiomet were centre Nae ies 603, 610 











INDEX. 653 
Page. Page. 
PAT aa S Die ete ee ce aaa eae ane er 49 | Baieropsis foliosa............-....-.-------- 627 
CINCTED JOUYNes= ss sae ss sseee ese 49,152 lOneifolifiee =. seem. eee eee eee 631 
herodias. fannini .....:.-.....---.+.-- 49 MOAGLO DY hae eee ee 626 
PAT Cee a tee oe AA cere cise 35 34 plunipanvites.ce~ -cMooec.eae 631 
INTE Nn seuss bid eNS==<- 22.2225 seal ~ 24 oe osteo se oe 610 MINGi. sasseeees aan 631 
mexicanus ........-- 537, 577, 610, 611,614 | Bairdiella chrysura......................---- 139 
Arenaria melanocephala..........--.------- 51 | Balenoptera borealis......................-- 409 
MArenetrar ventralis) <..0. 2s -ceeccesecesivs eee oan Is AlANUSP ess ae. ees ce citieces ee.c caw aes ae ee 212 
PAE OND OTC HS apes rs See Soa ste ara ES Sikes Um 197 | Balch, Francis N., On a new Labradorean 
MACIEAY I< .a%=02e222-sinse eee er asta 197 species of Onchidiopsis, a genus of mollusks 
Arica septemdentata =... 022.222.6552. 50-ceee 610 new to eastern North America; with re- 
PATISUS oc iajale crolarsrste = ystems <i eee lsc'see ene sss 61 marks on its relationships. ...............- 469 
Arquatella maritima couesi......-....-..-.-. 50 | Baptemys tricarinata....................2.-- 324 
FATHIMOBGeTUSHDALDEr ....sc02cc. 056. secretin 445,465 | Basilemys...........2.22.2. 2. cece eee ee eeeee 497 
PASC ODSIS See noes easct ese ciee soe ase enh ones s 426 NODINS- ects. sascen eee eeeecees 307, 316 
PASTOPU AIMINCUSHae 22.2.0 scice care cocina ea ens est 59, 159 preclara..........- 397, 313, 314, 317,324 
OUUS Hee ees ie a Sens eines obese os ee 159 SIMMOSHe = 2 a5eceesneoseee ses 313, 3145317 
Aspideretes amnigenus.................--- 307, 324 variolosa......-....-... 313,314,316, 317 
MONG tae eer meet ent eet a ac 307 | Bassania, néropia-: 22 ...-2-s.ast<qesecneede er 263 
FAIS DIGISCUS se seins one e osmiee ence atidisleie nee seisee = 430 UM DTLMAIPO.. coe esas se eeee ceeseer 262 
AstACUS (CHIIENSIS Ss... 2. - gee eset esses cee ne 602 | Bathycrinus........-....- Pi Sead eens 115,214,387 
PENCHIStNSS= 25.2 Sacasss oat dee oe 603 | Batomys dentatus. .-.--. 2-2. nsscceceden a 400, 401 
Wsterias Difida:.<2s<- -.2+--.-.t- se. ewer... 330,331 Srantl oe a: oveessaces oe eee 490, 401, 402 
ASTerin a S1DD0Sa-seece -.. 2-2 kesec sede cece 212 | Batrachians of Formosa...................-- 91 
PASELOSCOPUS PU GiALUS=. =. cic cece oases gene ns- = 120: ||) Batrachoidida = 22. e2c<-h asec sk enseeeeesanse 511 
WEPT CCCI sacar cs ec, = 140 | Bean, Barton A., and Alfred C, Weed, A re- 
PALeleCyClus GHIENSIS.. 2.252. 555 set cee acess dsl view of the venomous toadfishes. .......... 511 
IEA GU Sere a revert espa create ovate ei G09 | Bees, North American, of the genus Nomia.. 289 
Spintilosum .-.. 2. -scec22scecees OSial! Bellidopletarsa.*-teeccc- esse ase ceeece= cece 576 
SPINWIOSUS) 2 9.222222 5 ste seaeen ae GUO) “Belodon:. 22-32-2025 -- Bee she oacee no oe 500 
PAGCIP ALIS CLIStabiSSIMUS. 2... 22. cece eee e ees 610 | Bering Sea, birds collected in, during a cruise 
TOUMNG AUS... 2 sees ecw sects eae O84, 610 Of, Hie: SAND atrOSS se ree se eine eesiaters 25 
Atlantic Ocean, chub-mackerels of......---- 327 | Bernhardus equimanus...........--.-.--- 596, 610 
PATO! Sos sac esse Fee anno e nee ees 38 Darbiger. << /o2s22. <0. bce ses 598, 610 
PAGO VCll aan s sae seas en eee ser = sees ose 427 edwardSil®:.ac saccoocs seer cecace 610 
PANICHEDOMUS se c.scsens ee aicceln cemie.- see sie she oe 458 ObeSOCar pus: 25... 2. -ss5--- 5523: 597, 610 
PUIPOCMIOLA js 22 oo eee eccrine ese entas zee 291 PeNAtUS! 2.50.55 - Sis sstees seer 610 
ANMeG, (CASSIN Ste St... a2 sets - aa cece eee 31 | Berry, Edward W., A revision of the fossil 
CECSLCC aon Sess cere ates aciessioncinac’< St 31 plants of the genera 
T@AS he seo mee Soe Seeee cei sceeiease 32 Acrostichopteris, Tae- 
ALOU MC tsca 2. tases nese csecins see 31 niopteris, Nilsonia, 
THIMOCCLOS S235. Shes es asec ecacice’ 31 and Sapindopsis from 
Australia, a new crinoid from...............- 275 the Potomac group... 625 
Autographa gamma, var. californica... 379,381,382 A revision of the fossil 
FAWO-Sa Pie socteewteetnmenshece et -aan 23 cat 152 plants of the genus 
PSViblny el VASHON. cc < 22 2cicesciec ss soled .e2</= 45 Nageiopsis of Fon- 
PRZCMIN Me ces gece sees ca Rises ciet e- sn en oo F 361 THING. crams eenceae ee 185 
ANCOLAM AG. ae a Paso hae eae cece 363 || Betreus'scabrodigitus......2..-<.seec sess 605, 610 
var. morrisonata..2.......- 373 ELIT GCS GUNS Sree tee cape exererereiahete eee ate sas ate 605, 610 
DCH FenSaTiWS 223.2 Pe ee a sras-sais S25 369 | Bingham, H., land shells collected by, in 
behrensata........2..22- Re aabetae 369 TORU Geers aay ee cyan = oleate ce ee ee 177 
MONCStATIA. Soc cscccceet aces eee ee ose 363 | Birds collected by Pierre Louis Jouy in Korea — 147 
MUMDMETATIAS 22 seececs woke esee eee 363,368 | Birds collected during the cruise of the ‘‘Alba- 
NU DMeTatas uv = eos artes ea ceeee 363 tross”’ inthe North Pacific Ocean and in the 
morrisonata........-----2--2-...----- 373 Bering, Okhotsk, Japan, and Eastern Seas. 25 
occidentalis we = 52 k< oo -=ses sheieset S66.) Bithynis:.. 22-2. eins oe denied edseateeescce 531 
peplaria-2 3.5.5 -- Sess F-- Sa.t= s52 363 feof 0g{-) 012) (ua ee ee 604, 615 
stygiaria..... EE Se Ae nec ss 363 gaudichaudii.........- 560, 
Mahia dissectas Sees) seer eee sels 292 604, 610, 615 
IS ICT see aoe oo cae eee See co apietine soe 626 LONCEDS swreemee cose ees eeeee eee ee 610 
palmata...-.--=.-=-2: Be ioe sen Ss 190 JOMPIMANDE & ncc.a%= saecyen ais sence eee oe 610 
IS ICTOPSIS oe: oper. ste /tistesare Steet a aiatarara aleserererslse's (26, 627 SPIMIMANUS so ele a teresa aes era 610 
adiantifoliae cc. cso teeta ncaa - 629! | Bivens Celta coc. .csseme sae see remem ice n see 206 
TMMMOGasneecertceesat s 630) |) Bjele-bruskicee. 23.2556. so crcesmmnee sce a cae 31 
Gentictlatassetonteeees ice ==. 630)+| Blenmivs Wentz 505. o-smccce 0 ood cede em 141 
angustifolia. ....:.-- 628 punctatuss.. -.:,-2...2..5.6 SoS 141 
OX PANSA ota e fen acnisaie sa cewaamames 626 | Blepharipoda occidentalis. ............ 594,609,610 


Blepharopoda spinimana......----.5-------- 610 
Spinosalsceeceaee ee ee oe erse ne 610 
Bitiestant=: ei. seinen eno eee one eens 165 | 
Blue-tail; Siberiant2is.c-- cesses sees a 165 
Boigavkneepelinit secre. wae ee eer 92, 107 
Bolschoj) krachalls.g22.2. veces sete swiss 44 | 
UIP eee a ic cece See eee 44 
Bonasa umbellusisabinic 2.2... 2222 sos-o=ce 51 
BOODYinet- rest aot ese ees a eee ees eee eee 42 
Borelliajaneirensiss. ..2 2.2 eee ses asce cs 448 
TV e eoeiec ee Sere ce cern ets 448 
PELUVIANA= 2 Joti) ees econ eens 448 
Stal kee boc ee tee Cee ne eee 449, 465 | 
IBOKeOPAdUS SAldae cans eee ae eet 509 
Bormansia meridionalis. .-csa2e 42 ta sess. 444, 465 
‘Bosciaichilensissttan oc ee enee seats eee 610 
Gentata ate ere eee ee ete eer ets 610 
MMACKOPS Hepes aa eee eee eee 578, 610 
IBOUCOSAUDUS = eee ene oe aan: eet 492 
Brachylabis nigra... .- sha tet cee eroniee meses 451, 465 
Brachiyram pus; SP !scc-2= tee cecsre oe eee 32 | 
marmoratusee- -2 S22 22-2 So: 32 | 
Bracon (Habrobracon) hopkinsi-..-.........- 380 | 
Sta pilishs-'o5 seems 380 
Bradyalimicola: a2. obece. Sscemsct 407, 425, 429, 431 
Bram Din ee as Sone Se es tees ee 169 
Branta canadensis hutchinsii...........-..-- 47 
Brevoortia tyrannus patronus............ es SS) 
BrICHUSteXISUUS = hee seese ces see oe 381 
DEOSOPIS Ses -eee ee eas cee ee ae 381 
Bryant, Owen, fishes collected by, on a trip 
TOBMADTAG Ole eae ecto oc nee ee 503 
Bubortenuilpess <2 2 -las- see se eos sme cece a= 160 
Budytes:boarulamelanopes s..552-. ease. 171 
Maniisis inline Sees ences oe 171 
SImillintUsMee see oes sae: 71 
BitoyPanikOremSS ks etese ete eer ne sectors ct 92,94 
imMalavanussssee see seen ee ccs cee 94 
MelanoSstictus~ saeeeeee aces see ae 94 
Bulbul, Henson’s brown-eared..............- 174 
Bulimulusialbicolorges .- ese: ose eee ee 179 
(Bostrysc\ialbrcolorso..- ss eee 179 
infundibulum......_.. 178 
var. um- 
bilieca- 
tellus... 179 
orophilua var. cereicola 179 
umbilicatellus......... 179 
Gereicolatccaaecceeee oe epee ene 179 
derelictuse a sceccet eee seer 181 
JESHEUNIANUS ooo eo see eee eee 179 
(Lissoacme) binghami...-........ 180 
ptyalum....-.2- See nS 
nigropileatuss sce. ka eee 180 
Orophilssae se ease 179 
TECONGIGUSS=s=> see ee eee 180 
SUCDACINE ees cree eitoe ois eee 180 
uniundibulum( ss. 3. s-ss-css ee 178 
Bullfinch Kamchatkant. specs. ease anes 64 
orientale ee ee ee 168 
sulweria bulweritesie ss. ee ee eee 41 
Bungarusimulticinctusces oes eee eee 109 
Bunting, chestnut-headed .................. 169 
BAYS he eerie cereale eee 67 
eraysheadedigns ss 2et ene ee 169 
TUSUICS. cccese = stile cacs «aceoaemete 69 





Page. 
| Bunting, Temminck’s yellow-browed........ 169 
Townsend's: Snoweeseseeeseeee seas 65 
Dristrams He. 2 ssc eee see eee 169 
yellow-breasted.....2......--...--- 68 

Burr, Malcolm, The Dermaptera (earwigs) 
of the United States National Museum.... 448 


Busck, August, New moths of the genus 


Prichostibas=..esssoscc sees eee eee Dei 
Bush-tit; morthwestern';..- 2 2 ---es2 ease eee 73 
iBustard::easternicredtes. 3-52 eae sees 156 
Buteosbuteoyjaponensis: \. 22... 425-6 ee eee 57, 157 

hemilasivussasesse te eee oes 157 
Buzzard; Japanese: .-s. sc2se a eeae a ee aoe 57, 157 
Siberian... os2--2< Saeco eee 157 
CalamaniaiberezowsSKilo-.42 22: eon ae eeeeee 107 
pavimentatanse-t eso ee cee 107 
Calamocrinush-2ee>.eeneeenaee eee 115, 211, 215, 387 
Galanus finmarehicusics=-.22s22-2es aoe see 406, 409 
MAINOL: = 52.525 f2 se sk eee eee eee 406 
Calappa angustata:.-2- 22 e<e eset oeeeee eee 610 
CONVeKal 25.2 nen. epee eee eee 593, 610 
Nammea ds: ... isstsssiste cos eee 610 
granulate: ..-. 5. 22sso-beaeeeeee eee 609 
hepatica... . oo. ewer eenmeeieee 609. 

KAN tUSIANAs 22722 sole ee eee ee ate eeee 610 
Calcarius lapponicus alascanus.......-----..- 66 
alascensis* -.e¢eu-e-ees 66 

Coloratusss s2eeso eee eee 66 

Galcinusichilensis’- 2-2 -e= eee eee 597, 615 
ODSCUTUS\: Sssct- core er sone eee 596 

HIDICEN S22 S2ccn ceo eee eee 597, 611, 615 
Galedoniella - is 3.3cc 2032 255-22 Sooo eon 480 
@allianassa gigas: > saesereee - eee eae eee 609 
UNCINATAS ea ec~ Angee reo eee 557, 598 
Calligrapha bigsbyana!:. 2. 2-2...22-s2 secre 88 
SCalaris .-%. 22220322: soe 88 

| <Callinectes(arcuatus 5-2 25-a54-eee eer 527,577, 614 
toxobes.2: 22e epee 536, 577, 614 
Calliope‘calliope io2 2-2 --e ee = ee eee eee 68,74 
Calliophis,'sp- 5.52.4 222 Ssess-s see = eee eee 108 
macclellandii- --. - Soa Sg c\Fe ae eS 108 
Calocalanus!pavio.\.- 25 s2-e- ene eee eee 406 
plumiUlosust=: see eee eee 406 

Campoplex rapax....-- aa walk dalnata eee 383 
Canada, Tenthredinoidea from eastern. ...... 197 
Cancer apancora.....-. 2b kh eS Le ee 609 
(Astacus)ianomalus:: -2..22-eeeeeeeee 598 
jamaicensis: <2 255--ese> = 610 

Csementarilisinensen secre oo ee ee eeeee 609 
Ghabruss-js sess. Rtas ee oe eee 610 
coronatusesoocc- «ste see eee ee 609 
dentatus 222 ce s-6 3 538, 610 
edwardSil.... si02245454c5 Soe 581, 616 
emeritus! Js). a Sees acee ee ees 554, 610 
QTADSUS'S—- sca sso ee eee 547, 610 
irroratus:. 6.422. es2 ses soe ee eee 539, 610 
lONGIPeSe sc oSocee ese eee 532, 581, 616 
MINUtUS ys 5o oe 2 Da cosdae See ee ee 610 
MUtiatus <2 Sacer ce ee See oes 611 
OLBICUlariS eae sso esa ae ae ee 580, 611 
planatuses:2-6. 2232222382 eee 570, 611 
planipes: <2.) 5: s2s08s2e eee 611 
DIGDISSIMUS = - eee eee ee eee ee 591, 611 
Dlebegus: 225-32 so 2- sence seme sn0s0  OLOTOG 
polyodon,...........-. 538,539,581, 609 610 


a it 





INDEX. 655 
Page. | Page. 
Canceripusillusss ... 322.2. deccsccescsts ese ee 611 | Chelonia japonica... .:.2....221.202.2t es ceene 114 
SACOM. ca erie ose eco a se ce mne ni 611 | WING AUG waa nae bac caecs sess lscecnces 114 
Sseptemdentatus-2-.---. 2. oesceee ans Giie y'Chely draw a .c see ase eens a dee ee eee ee ee 324 
SCLOSUS teem oe anaes ea ees Olle | Ghelynotuss..2---.es-. o.s2cec eee see eee oe 477 
SUG POSUSm soc ners a ie teeta < Seed 588 | Chickadee, chestnut-backed................. 72 
CANCUN Eo cree fcc eel nice Dot s seems 5s 609 Kamchatkaneeesccssse: see sees 72 
(Thelphusa) dentatus.......-.......- 611 | Chiloé, Island of, list of species of the stalk- 
tibicen aso ects nos tt 597,611 eyed crustacea occurring from Panamato.. 570 
variegatus........-.----.++2+------ 547,611 | Chilophylla hirsuta.......................-.. 295 
eM el ceed ates tctetciacr2 ae he fer ciel ~~ = Gl) Chioneasperrimasccs cee. os2..22.-.- 28.225 553 
GanGacla ant ataae: sos at dnicmecs ster occ: 407,413 | Chionoecetes chilensis .................. 572 
pectimata...........--.-.---+------ 413 | China, A new carnivore from ...........-.... 385 
Canthocamptus furecatus. i... ..2.2....256...- 417 | a new species of fresh-water sponges 
Cantlellaye sce sa 2 Saeco tare sa: sama a denen 429 | {LOMs. ee ae Ae tas oe 183 
Canvas-back....-.------ ----+----+--eee eee 45 | Chlamydotheca azteka...............-.--... 3407 
‘ 5 
Capelin.. peg eg eo -- 508 barbadensis............... 389,341 
Caprimulgus Jotaka......-.--------++++++--- 163 (Cypris) braziliensis......... 340 
Meer eneEXGEL T) OSs 2% cers ocala. ath o.a;sfsiererar2 aad iorascim 138 herricki............ 340 
; latus...--..-- +++ 20-22-2222 2s eee ee ee 138 speciosa.....--..--. 340 
Carcinophora MO DUSta asa ae eee eee aeiooe 446 (Herpetocypris) obliqua..... 340 
CardisOma CrassuUnIs. x2.2g22.222s0s0-2sse4 549,591 mexicana 340 
@aretta OlivaceaeeS.-<6 co) oaq2stchnacatn.. = 114 | obliqua...... 341 
Carnivore ron China, new.........-- ae we | (Pachycypris) incisa.....-.- 349 
@anrpenterocrinusis. 4222 2<vccre-Seteecads+-2-= 390 | leuckarti 340 
Carpilius: maculatus.< 32.2 52320-2c25eece~ ee 609 | subglobosa...... 340) 
Carpodacus erythrinus grebnitskii......-..-- 64,68 | symmetrica..... 340 
; eee californicus.......--.. pe | Chloridella aculeata........-. eee see 608, 618 
aipon ee ae ee Ri eranees | QTINGES a eee ate ee ae Se 608, 618 
Casanowicz, Immanuel M., The Gustavus | aupia 565. GOS. 618 
Arai: 2 ate ie a te ete fa oe dbo, OUS, Q 
Vasa Fox collection of Russian souvenirs parva 603. 618 
in the United States National Museum... 1 | Choris einics enna kena 65, 169 
Casarea Be Ca cee nna aes on | Chlorodiusifisherizs. 22.5. 2c 2 eee ce sees == . 61 
Castnia hechtle.........--------++++-++2++++ ae occidentalis.......-...-.-- 582, 611 
el 5 4, |  Oeeidentalis......---.---------- , 
Cenobita intermedia..........-.--.---------- or | Chloroscombrus cbrysurus.........-.....---- 138 
aaah a : a | Chub-mackerels of the Atlantic and Pacific 
Wentropaces Dradyi-.s.0.---2ceceeteemeses 406, 435 | Oevstis 397 
| SPCOANDS. .----- ee ee ee ee ne ete eee ad 
AVM BSte aoa Stas ove oo se are ae 406 |... ma a 
é =", CichlOselySiSiDITiCUS =: c)..<.<22scie = aaa ete = ae 175 
LY PICUSte= 2 scccecs. eee ees 406 Rede ans oni Se 5 
Ciconia boyCiana Ss... wos... <Jsc2 eee eee eee 151 
WepphuUsiCalbOs. <0. 222 se. 8 aise eee ee 33 ; : 
Cimbexamernicanas .--..252 0-2 aess eeee eee 208 
COMM DA). 22. descsscesessecedeaseeks 33 : : S 
; CIpGXSCLIVALZ sae eee eas See ee eee 463 
SNOWiIee -oaecee noe eeee seen ctee css ooh lee s 
; = Ciraphorus elcddes: 25.2.3... 2-2-2-5----eee seer 272 
Craving blO Pi Caco as «occ ros w)sma s exieresaeecsis 119 i 
aa @ITGUSiGVANCUSs 2 s.sciacs 5005 ss osc Sees 157 
Gerato lax CHiatas. -.-.c-65-so5 score aces cs 6 GOOM aseoeen as 
i oa Cirphis multilinew.s2 222s. s25se 2 tes oes 248 
Ceratothoa gaudichaudii..........-..--...-.- 79 ; 
rapax 79 Cladocera of Woods Hole and adjacent re- 
GWerceris: LUZONCNSISS. <<. coc ae ee wie eee sence 120 | _ oa Sa nae gi ety gl ze 
Gerchneis perpallida: s-. 222.222 es ce seen eee 158 Clg Islas seR > aage ane oe setne eens meer Sate - 
MerdaleioOnbhass sac 242 ces cre eeltenesaes eae 142,143 peenie clangula Clangula...----.-+¢s+2+-+ a 
Taerendiet Ne ot oe ay See an” * 1g9 | Claphe dIbidifascia:. 0 as ee ace sees eee eee = 
Pipaniteng. 6 ean sere eeebence-geee oe 457 ee as ee Ie ae se 
Cerorhinca Monocerata............-..------- 31 ConSOlADNIS: 2 cse= smears ro eeeerre ees a 
Certhia familiaris occidentalis.............. ae i2 Dae amas pee cy ae a 
seandulaca........--...---- 1719 |= Ne Sagoo aes eee re a as 28 
Cervimunida johni............-.--2--2..--2- go, | Clark, Austin Hobart, A New Australian cri- a 
(Geritia eee teas ease canes s ccs eden 426 noid. ake — tae a ease 
Cerviniopsis........022202020e0eceeeeeseeeee 430 A New European cri- 
. 5 
@enylealeyousss2- tesa sagen sSecc eet esse 60 noid......----..---- 329 
Gettiarcantanss: «2.822% 28a een Sole cs 174 On the origin of cer- 
ATi eee ee eee 174 tain types of crinoid 
erro ers. o evade hee tat 426, 427 re Stuer spears 211 
@hectura caudacutia.- 2c ones tes -eas8s-- ole 163 Proisocrinus, @ new 
Charadrius dominicus fulvus..........-----.- 154 genus of recent cri- 
Charybdella edwardsii............-------++-- 611 noids......-...-- s+ 887 
Chasmodes bosquianus........--...--2.---+- 142 Report ona collection 
Sree. Sse... : 142 of birds made by 
Jiorre ic rj 
Chelisoches morio........-.----------- 157, 458, 465 Pierre Louis Jouy in 
StratiotiGusiss! m.5 s2se6-G sh = 458. 465 Korea......--.----- 147 





656 INDEX. 
Page. Page 

Clark, Austin Hobart, The birds collected Coluber, platurusss.. sce. ss-oe see eee aes 111 
and observed during POrphyraceuS2 ses-sse--e eee 105 

the cruise of the Stolatus-22 22.2542 3<52 ene cee 103 

United States Fish- Columba fasciata =52ese2 sec nen ae eee 56 

eries Steamer ‘‘Alba- taczanowskil-: =22. ssc esses eee 156 

tross’’ in the North Golymbusiauritusea a= soe. oes Sees 28 

Pacific Ocean,andin nigricollis:s2., hah eee 148 

the Bering, Okhotsk, Comactinia meridionalis..-...-...-..-.-----: 331 

Japan, and Eastern Comatiligoe 3 teases eee eee 331 

Seas, from April to Comatulidazn2 oo. nes. arisen ce ee 115 

December, 1906. - - - - 25. |) Compsemiys parvaes.to.ce-s- eee ce 307, 308, 310, 313 

The phylogenetic in- plicatulas. <=. -3 see ee 308 

terrelationships of Valen S258 uses eeaee 307, 311, 313 

the recent ecrinoids.. 115 Wi CtaeeS 8 fave seein Sate 308, 310, 313 

@laisiliaas sss eoem ease cee seer ereaeee 178)|Compsometra lacertosa:{52052.-2-eeeee 275 
ChacaensiSaa.skcerenneseseiaaseee 182 Fi lovemib 32 pace ae ee es 275 
epitoniUMiae ceca ss acetate 182.) ;Conus:abbreviatus?.2 2-2 ener 228 

(Nenia) pampasensis....-..-..-.--- 181 ATChOn sss ase eas ee ee eee 223 

MUSHEY Saeco ae see ee eee 182 APCUALUS 2) Seema n= a eee eae ee 218, 223 
Clausocalanus arcuicornis......--...--------- 406 arenatus soe cin eect pet cde ee ees 228 
Gleniensiaalbatadscs 5-8-2 cea gaeer ee sear 234 bruUNNeUS =. ose oe ee ee U oI Tees 
BlemMpISis- esas setae eee 234 californicus’ 3.25. 2s2-22 see 220 

LELSO Vides oes ste mennidas sae 233 catenatus's<....2<<s-caseee ee eee 228 
GClenimysmnutiCas or soe Sasa Aa neler terns 113 CinetUss...1 25: S228 sae 227 
Schmackenliese nce cis seneeocictesea: 113 celebs: 5:53... 2 ae ae eee 227 

Gletodesseaot aac sash oe ee eee eee eee 427 Coffeaet issues sae eo ee ee ee 221 
Clibanariusisequabilis:./-. - 22-.-222-=--- === 596 COM Pts) seen eer ene ee eer ee 219, 227 
Albi disitUstessc= sce seeeae-aae ee 596 Concinnuluss322 eee ne ee eee 227 
WANATMENSIS! 22 = eis oe emai Seale 0001090 Concinnus:2si<2ics-ca. Soe eae 227 
Clisiocammparaztecar cr stas226 2s amie sare 255 CONGO. sass ero eee 226 
dra cilistecenisa-e eases eesti 255 Cumin giite c=. he Sse oe ee eee 221, 225 

luteimargor eee: 2 mccaneec-loo= 255 Galli. cassie = Sse ee eee 226 

OMISSA neers ee re aie essere 255 delessertianus-:--.---2-: = =-5=-:2seenae 226 

Clodalus (Hyodon clodalus)...........------ 354 diademay 22); 52524.-022 seees ope eee 227 
Clupanodon pseudohispanicus..-.....------- 136 Gispaec a 2ccces 2 8-5-2 eh ese 222 
Clytemmnestra rostrata.25 2.2.0. -5-22222 5-2. = 407 edaphlus in. neces ere 223° 
Coal-tit; Japaneses ae am agosto ele ee 72 emarginatus: -2-c5 2-20 eo seer ek 222, 223 
Coccothraustes coccothraustes japonicus. .-.. 168 @XQUISIDUS 2. ec ane- eee eee 228 
Cockerell, T. D. A., The North American bees ferSUSONi = coos ee oa ee ee oe 218, 227 
oltherentisyNomiazen-seees se see eee 289 flammeus- 3-2 - shee are eeee 223 
Coenobita clypeatas i220 22: oes eine ee 611 flaiveStens = s2cesecas Soe aa eee 225 
COMPLessaa- meee ne ee eae 596 flawidUs2. <2 255223 oe 22 lenge ee 226 
VALSLUSOSN eee ere 611 floridanus® 22 3505e<2 5-2 ee eee 221 

COMPTESSUS a. se eee als seein 596, 611 fui Pats oe ae eer oer eyed 
PALAMENSISeeeeasee eet eae 596, 611 gladiatorec-eseen octet eee es 221 

PULOSUS Sache ssee ese oasceeee 595, 611 PTA GAGS. cckecarstteiee ee eer a eee 221 

WarNerles sos. cacao. 595 grananius-e se-e ee eee eee 223 

Vane Warneriow-ssacce see 595 hieroglyphuss...02--6-205 ose eee ee 228 

Coenocalpe penyuinifera............--.------ 261 INCONStANS mae cise t se eer eres 228 
Goenocharisielongatiac..... wee 52-4 ese nee eens 265 INGUIVUS:..) =) oo ese ot eee eee 222 
fOEIMIN ANID 2 soe eee 264 internuptUS ss. c. see eo eee 228 

Ceereba atratate 1 422k eo eee eee 168 lareillientis-2esacs5 see ee eee 228 
IQUE Ss cos Senate aco see eee 168 lineolatus: S52e hanes sso eee eee 224 

Wellsi=ts fic staies Sacre eet nse 168 lorenzianuSe=5- = -eS-o- es eee ere 223 

Coker, R. E., annotated list of species of stalk- JuCiduS= 22s jens ose oes ee ee 226, 227 
eyed crustacea collected by.. 533 luzonieuss <p. - sco. Sees eee 227 

isopods from Peru, collected mahorani-seecece es. se eee 219, 220 

Dyes tse erate eee 79 miliariss. oo. e oe. es eee Een U ees 

Colaptes auratusiluteus: 2 <2 ~ cscs ene - sete = 60 MUUNLMUS Soa ose ee 227 
cafer Saturationasces1-o sesso eee 60 monililen: sseee saeco eee 222 

(Ol Eb ee aeae see rcamadceurcccur snee sactse™ 259 ANUS: [ova e oes ea ae toa eee 221 
Coleus’ dauuricuss sera. sees eee ee 167 NX os. eS eases eae eee eee 224 
meglectusea.eeeo nt. aes eer 168 OTION so cece ween ete Os eee eee ea eel! 
Cologlyptuskietferiis 23. sees. erect eee 124 PAPUIOSUS=.-- -Sessee ss eee eee ee 220 
Coltiberaulicuss 222. sess oe ee 107 Pa trichiS <2 e oa eee eee 226 
pTaM ineuse esos see aso see eee 113 PerplexXuS:. 22> see = =e os eee 220, 227 

Ny droSsse aspera eeceen tar 111 DrinCepS=ce= see = = sere eae 224 








INDEX. 


Page. 


Conus'proteus..........5.....sss0s... 221,227,228 
DUVGanIS sen Seem ee eect eccek. As 55 228 
DUEMULASCENS:. 22%. ia. oss sc5 Sec dees 219 

var. regalitatis.......... 219 
Vale TejeClUSemae eee. se 219 
ROUISU Sees eee ae as ee oe 224 
PD VTUIOLINIS osc,2a stern Ge ieke ie ecg eee oo Se 226 
MAUMUIS Sere agtetar sje Seien le cones ae sce 220 
TENS wee ee eee mes ahaa Pee. 224 
MOPUU AMS eee ses ccet avs c.aes oe ease © 221 
TCUVICUIBCUS: osacec asec <4 80. scess- See 227 
SANSUINCUS .ceccses 22.n5 2. seeds os 223 
SanpuimolentSses- 25 no. f ses 2 soe 225 
SCAIATIS peperstsaeet ecm ence ete ee 221 
SGHMIPUUS somes oe ae cee anaes sales hn 2 225 
shells of the genus, from the Pacific 
Coast of America.................... 217 
SIGDOlOMe anex a sees s oseen tee eete se oe 226 
Hislealich ULLS sere ees teers sees Sere etc ie,< 227 
GNOCHUIUS2soscecs ses secs Sones teecest: 227 
WIDPAUISHSs nee as coches of eee 5s se 223 
IUCADUS #28 fees eee tee nen nee. Bs al 
MONLMUCUS  scemne = soe S eee enceeess ee . 225 
BRIT CUES etiam sane eae aie cece 220 
IZ Tea eas esr cans Se Aas 223 
Copepoda of Woods Hole and adjacent 
TOCIOTI Spier. Sete anise ces ec os ee Secs © 405 
Coralliocaris camerani..................----- 603 
(CCRT (OfE(2) UE ae ae 480 
CAYNCAl 22.36. 50.0-20e SaSe sees sss 476 
MECOMC bie esveea al se ase ee rele 476 
Cormorant. Baird’ss. 222 bo. Sscccccens sees 43 
TAM Gigs waseee eee ce ete eee. 43 
arraloneeee-sseheeeesecer ee see 43 
Allasio tenes as ase ace etee = aoes.< 2 43 
pelagic..... ee eee eee 44 
MOG ACCCiyee ca sac ace ace aee ceca 44 
SWOT TIT G Ke Siacerare pats are ites sf a 43,149 
white-crested..2...-.22--+-sa2s0 43 
Coronella callicephalus...................--- 105 
Corvus brachyrhynchos caurinus.......-.... 63 
corax behringianus.........---.----- 63 
KkamMtSChapicusin.-« 4-4. .25-5-25 63 
principalisies o2<s-8- 242-322 62 
corone orientalis... ..--2ssGecedeeaece 63, 167 
macrorhynchos japonensis ........- 63, 167 
MOLCUAGUS eee ee ieee acs aan erslon 167 
ORVGLeUS CALIMALIS 25.00.26 eats anceccselss 409 
ClONLATISSee oeeee ease ee Sesiicts Je 409 
Coryntirs, DUMPSII. lees e wee eed 414 
CUISCHIIO Ata cass oceans seen seats 414 
Corystes'sicarius..........2....2..+222- Pe O10, OLL 
@orystoides armatus....0....02--252-20.2:2- 61 
CCN SIS seer ee. te iene ae neers aie 576 

KCOSHIONOUIS PLA Villar occ neo sceeecloce sss cacent 609 

(WoSymDOLUS PISLtYULUSs 2622-055. osc~ tee os 98 

Coturnix coturnix japonicus............--.-- 156 

Grane, little Drowns. 2-52: 25s.<42-2-+- 52.55%. 49 
white-headed...........-22+-22ss55 00: 152 
White-NAapedes <<) ade ssucte ee ks ce vse 152 

NOTA A OM SP law te oes cece Stree aie aise tere sie ate 607 

bouvieri chilensis.............---- 606, 610 
CIOINA CON ste we acne mal eet 606, 610 
heterochaelisi. 2. -.5 siescis cece snes 606, 610 
MMI OOM eee osc oc occ ysgol 606, 610 
MAN CALOL: «= Seesmic sekiee ese cs ce a 607, 610 
WeMeaNCLS (Sete cree ae oe eerie 2 ie 607,610 


Proc. N.M.vol.38—10——42 





657 
Page 
Crawford, J. C., New hymenoptera from the 
Philippine Islands......... 119 


‘Three new genera and species 


of parasitic hymenoptera. 87 

(Creeper Iberian: -.<22-26-<--2-2-- 3h a ee lil 
Western brown. .......2..........<- (2 
Crinoid, anew Australian. .................. 275 
anew European...................- 329 


stems, origin of certain types of... . 211 


Crinoids, interrelationships of recent......... 115 
recent, Proisocrinus, a new genus 
Ole atts Fo satin costes eae oe ee 387 
Crocidiira, DeabUS. susseee enc. cease aceeiee eee 392 
PTANGIS <= oe nic cea oa.c8) eee sv... 393 
REQVES - 2orre S5 sx cree ee eee 391,392 
haleonuses.s: 2. fas sees ene ool nou 
MUINGCOVUS..as.a2.o40s-. 2 eee ees 392, 393 
TUSSU18. f2,5 95a: I ee ee 391 
(CLOCISAS DIG 18) t,sae oe eee ea ot eae ee 289 
Crocodile, a new species of, from the Ceratops 
Beds of Wyoming .............. 485 
fossil, from the Hell Creek Beds of 
MOMGATIAeetece es 2c ee cee eee 497 
Crocodilus:.. .. 2-15.-o20ecee0 5 fn 2 a 500 
AIMeLICAHUS seed: ooo eee 486, 490, 496 
humilis 2 S2sa.ceee vec see eeaes 485 
PolyOdOn sss ec aeee eee . 492,501 
subulatus.... Pee. Se 501 
Cronius edwardsii............... . 578,610, 611 
TW Gleaner cet oe 611 
Cropia CONNECTS 222 seas = con | eee see 250 
CULODS: Gaeeea sek aeaec ea ieee Sota ae 248 
Hadenoides.s-2224. 5:8. e5 sere oe 249 
ANTOSA se 2c Seed a2 eee ee oe ee 251 
ISIC OTe a. co. ee. = Soca aS 249 
MTG ese es oe ose ae eee 250 
DetiUSeetee ees sete ee 250 
TUG 3A ee ees ea Bee area oe 250 
templada............ 249 
Crow, Chinese white-collared. ... i67 
eastern carrion........... yee eee 63, 167 
NORUD WSUS escisce's- s:cscelea'c.cr pele aa anee 63 
Crustacea, stalk-eyed, of Peru............... 531 
Cryphiops spinulosomanus.........-...-.--- 605 
Cryptocampus brachycarpe ................ 200 
pallistigmus.................. 200 
Cry ptograpsus angulatus.................... 589 
GIPTIDES sae = eee eee 611 
CryMtGhhiyles® Nec Semi. sce em eet aac oreae ee 480 
(@terlisolabis). 2.92. 422.s2--.4-s0s-e0ee = 2esee ee 451 
Cteno fasciatus=-. es. sicee ce sae neae oe aee = 140 
gobius boleosoma...........--..------ 140 
schiiield ties. ce eee eerie 140 
Cuckoo seasterms 2 sce aces one cee acwee em 59, 160 
WelIN oe cesses. caencee aeweee es 161 
Cuculus canorus telephonus............---- é 59,159 
Keluneensiss 2 -\ccc2 nea ceeeeee see 161 
Curlew; Australians 22% = on-2 osesseceee ee cases 154 
OVIODTANS =< sence cose ec enemas eases 154 
Cushman, Joseph Augustine, New arenaceous 
foraminifera from the Philippines.......... 437 
Cyanocitta stelleri stelleri.................. 62 
Cyanoptila bella. 2 24.22 222 ss scseqes pees 165 
Cyclemys flavomarginata............---.---- 114 
Cyclocypris\(Cypria) levis... . -.02- 20-222. 338 
FAIS. fn fone tin avalehcmia Ginn he mare melere 338 


658 


Page. 


Cyclograpsus cinereus..........--.--.. 532,590,613 

Cremulatus tee saaceecre seen 589, 611 

enatherionl sc. csee nse sehe aes 611 

MMINWtUSete See eee ee eee oll 

punctatus ..........- 590,611, 612, 617 

Cyclophis major. ...... Bo satis See eee ee 106 

Cyclops brevicornis. 220. )52sne ssea ees 422 

Cheliferin ce ceeee score ene eee saree 514 

TUTCAtUSS SF: SAE oes eee eee 417 
Cyclopterus tricuspis. -.. -. oe Pe ree Beta 509 | 
Cycloxanthops orbignyi........-.------ reese 618 | 

sexdecimdentatus.. 541,583,615, 618- 

stimpsoni::02! 2:2 22252-22080) O18 

VAttAtUSs sees sae eons 583,618 

Cylindrogaster diplatyoides.......-.--- ... 457,465 

GylindropsyWUsse ec escoae yore tat ee sel = 426 

Cymothoa gaudichaudii.:. 2.5... 2/2222. =: 79 

CESIUM sas Coleen cece esate 79,85 

GyprlaObestineo. es saees eee see se eee eee 338 

Cyprinodon: varlegatus= 22 ce seecisenc ce oe 137 

Cypris (Cyprinotus) dentata.............-.-. 336 

(Cy pris) globulosass. 2. ceo eae ee 335 

Dactylopodellad:: 2-523... Sateen ee ps .. 428 

Dactylopus stromi-:-- 2.3.5 sccea24 22st 419 

tenwicOrmis-522-2se2oe at eee 420 

Dacylopusia es: oo-: setae se Cee eens es eee sre 432 

thisholdess: 2254252 gece sues 408, 419 

VULPATISHe ate hace eee 408, 419 

PD) SCLOPS seria or ac tessa ae sen tose Seo eee ee 514 

OWA Soe Seals cin a teats se ee 514 

SAIS ACULACES 25,28) e versie 2 caine nae eee 45 

DairaiaMericanaee: jst ss secss selon seer 583 


Dall, William Healey, On some land shells 
collected by Dr. Hi- 
ram Bingham .in 


Summary of the shells 
of the genus Conus 
from the Pacific 
coast of America in 
the U. S. National 


Museum. 2.35222" 217 

DAMMarg -a5J2,. scsnae sae esses ais Sess telnet ae 195 
Damonia WUtiCa 13,..202 +ssncees eee Serene 113 
TV AINGCS) Seats sass tee te Cee epee ere: crate Ce 632 
- PANACOPSIS! s«.2-i2 bizwee ses e halt oie oa amare 632 
_ Marantacea......... Ce se ene 633 
Danielssenia........-. SNS So ee ee 428 
Dardanus:im bricatus-.-+ 92. ss1226 92 -220ee ~ 556, 597 
sinistripes........ -.<-3. - 556,557, 5973615 

Dasia smaragdinas 5 29752... sa. ceae eee 94,99, 100 
Dasyatisy< 2c. 2 eo ata eee Ce 511 
Dasygyius depressus..:.........-!.-..- 571,618, 614 
PIP DOSUS Jae. sense oe eee 571,614 
tuberculatis. 3-25-22 -:.. 571,613,614 
Deinosuchus.......-.- je eit wae eee ee 501 
Delavaliazc: (Resse os asase eas Sone eee 428 
Delphyre faviceps- 2.220... Saseccsesoeoe cece 231 
MONOTONE 3 fascia oo 231 
Demiuepretta ringerii 25.5 oo. 2 ees eee 152 
Dendrodromas leuconotus ussuriensis........ 162 
leucotos ussuriensis. . -- - Fae 162 

Dendroica estiva rubiginosa..............-.- 70 
AUGCWUDONIG- 5. ees see e eee 70 

NiPTeSCENS =). WEE <a - eee 70 








INDEX. 


Dendronanthusindicus:22s22--+s- o_cse eee 
Dermaptera of the United States National 


Museums r. 255 2 Se a Sea ee 443 
Dermatomyzon-elegans-.-...............-.-. 433 
Dermochelys schlegelii....................5.. 113 
IDIASPIS:;CACH SS See aeee ae 90 
Michordafaplagariat 225. —-- se eee eee eee 261 

CONSCQUSTIAs i a2 - ec eee ee 261 
DLeunOMIa se Sse eee eee Serer eee 289 
Dilocarcinuseryptodus>. 22. 22.2--.eeee sea 611 

emarginatus! see] =e en ee 580, 611 
Marparitiironss 2-2. ae eee 580, GLL 

PAsele Ts eee eee ee oe OL 
pArdalinusssss. <eep cee se 580, 611 

PICLUSE St Aaa. sees 580, 611 
septemidentatus.. 2222225 ee nees 611 

SpinilronSa hee soe tee eee ee 611 
Dimeromicrus ashmeadi.--.-...-- Beet 127,128 
Dimorphopteryx melanognathus...........- 205 
PINGUWISH lee ese eee eee 205 

Dinexs Spies Cet eee eee oe 461 
aMe;ricana sss. Sosen see see eee 461 
Dinodon! rufozonatumiet eee ese eee eee 107 
TUNStrati 434 eee ee oe 92 
septentrionale ruhstrati...........- 107 
Diomedesalbatrus S222. 2ss- 2 ese eee 38, 149 
imMULabilis Se. 2s se eset eee ees 39 
NIGTIPCSs2sas-seeseten ee eeerees 37,39 

Diosaecus tenuicormis: S2a5. 252... = ese 408, 420, 482 
Diplatys)jansonizs/sas-cen. 5 ose gee eee 444 
SQVCl8 Ao ccee yess eee eee ee ee eee 444 
Diplocynodon::. 2.52.22 sess ~...- 486, 489, 498, 501 
hatitomiensis!s2e=2.-2224e-e 488, 489 

| Diplocynodus 25. \S-2- + -seer es ase eee 501 
Dipsadomorphus kreepelini .......---.---.... 107 
Dipsas'carinatus:. 22. -s-- - ae eee eee 108 
Discias'serrifers.. =. = -co22- ese nee 607 
Dissodactylus nitidus:.3/ 5s. sees 545, 588 
Disteira alcocki 2-21): -ssa5 se eee eee as 110 
DLUSMANSI. fos c yes See 110. 
cyanocincta: 22.222 cena 110, 111 

flowers. .2 S55. oe nee sees 110 
le&peMOld es. 1522 eet ce pete ees 110 
melanocephalass-:b5. sseeeeseu eee 110 
melanocephalus:» 224.32 0s sae sense 110 
melanosoma.4-. 24-26 2 areas Satay mall 

spiralis... 4.5. .¢. cates se oe eet 110 
subcinceta - 55... a -mitss..5 = aoe 110 
WIpering <1. 2s eseewent- oes SaelS aes iil 

WEYL. 5.2252 coe a eee ee ee 110 

Dogania subplana.........-- a LENA REY Peas one 114 
Dolerus apnilissss5- Ss. Sot eee eee 206 
similis Uacc Retest oe 20 
Dorippe dorsipess a. 65. 2c. aoee eee eee 609 
Dorosoma cepedianum- 222552 ssessee eee 136 
mexicanum.......--- Seeceetescse 7 GH 
Morwalbipes -2s 255-5. eee eee 463, 464 
lineare.censsc seen ee va EES tides 463 
Doryurabowringii..-.. -52-2-- eee ees 98 
Dove>,/eastern turtle. 2-5 4-5 ee eee eee 156 
ringed turtle... 5. ssctteesesee ee eee 156 
Dromidiaz- == sa ose ssce Se ee aS goss 

Sanraburels.2. =.15,--2 =e ee 553 

Dryobatesijaponicus’. 2.2 sas ee eee 161 
leuconotus Ussuriensis........---- 162 
leucotos coreensiS..--..-i2:-.:-.-- 162 

* 


a —— 


i i 











INDEX. 659 

Page. | Page. 

Dryobates pubescens gairderii.............-. 60 | Ephydatia japonica, and its allies, note on... 649 
villosus harrisii................... 60 MOVONE. cons cece cece ss 649, 650 

Dryocopus martius reichenowi.............-. 60 mulleri.......................... 649 
Duck harlequin: < .c:ncc.e o-oo cae ecee 46,150 | Epialtus affinis..........2................... 611 
ID SW Reese ete ee eyes NO Bie 2 sc ry 58, 158 bituberculatus..........2.0...... 571,611 

Dyar, Harrison G., Descriptions of some new brasiliensis............0..5.0.0200-- 611 
species and genera of lepidoptera from dentatus 22... es) ee 571,611,613 
IGS CO peeersee itera eons eee occ eae 229 dilatatuss ses.) een eee ee 611 
WDVSHONUUS-co522e22 clic icesaesteecel saan ccc a 425 MArPINALUS ccc ueecce ese. see ee 534, 571 
Dzuddzukakebato....................2.....- 156 TTYL UTS Seren, snr ee SP 611 
Eagle, Alaskan bald..................2...... 58 Sulcirostris....2.......:+:-<---.-.... 611 
eastern gray Sea..............-2..... 57,158 | Epimys everetti............................. 398 
DOIMGH yee n ech bak oe $28 cenee 57 Palacios sas aue eee een ee eecee wees 398 
Kamchatkan'sea- .< sss. e ee csccese 57 imperator.....................2-0- 397, 398 
Earwigs of the United States National norvegicus...............c.--c000- 397, 398 
IMMPIS@TIIN aye oa oe ot Sie soos sista Sig sis ards Gise > le 443 TAGCUS oOo ek Secs ste esse 398, 400 
Echinopsali brevibractea .................... 445 UYTANNUS sess 5-4 tes hoe ase ses 397 
PUGERLE te che a's Sa aehecialae d- 4450 |e DINOMMIA eh. seen a segne sess eee seers 289, 290 
Eschinosoma wahlbergi..................... 446 | Episcepsis dodaba........-.................. 230 
BEI INU Se veeeietars pe reer eae earns cece 28 212 IPANCCS| 55270 we scene ee eee eels 230 
IGHINOSOM AG 4222 oe wince ssey oat seeks ees = 429 INOS tee ee eee eee see ee eee 230 
CUDTICORNG 222.0 -2-2s0 sence os. = 408,415 | Epixanthus frontalis........................ 609 

PAQMIMAMUS sees Woacscraeene. oe 408 | Eretmochelys squamosa...................-- 114 

Egypt, sand-barites from Kharga...-....... 17 | Eriopyga angustimargo ...................2. 246 
BROOD EAC Can. macnn nS sGionees cette oaee> 0a 46 CONC eNnSae. eee eee. oe eee 246 
HlaApne CarMate. 22 racsco- Sheesh ae scalsles - 105 contrahens......-.-.........s<-+--- 246 
DPOLPHYTACES .. 35-5 22: Joos e es oe 2s 105 INCL CLE Sem ace seen ee ee eee ee 247 

TUM OC OSA Amico ae oe Mao ae mentee coe 105 ATC SS sorcerers oe eee See era 247 
LECMMUNUIS Ser Seas eee cen ose seks 105 mesostrigata.....................-- 245 

PAM HEOGYtES ic. oe <a ce sews Sheaces eee sss 111 Pantostigmacs..-.2222-..-2--+--.-- 245 
mlapssmacclellandil... 205 -.25:-6.+2-+.60 --: 108 pseudostigmia. 2-2... 25-525. .26. 22 244 
Elasmus albopictus.............. ewan sieiote 132 TIN eee eee ee ae. Se 246 
Elattonistius chrysopsis, note on the........ 353 PUDLIPUNGtA ae sete see see ee 244 
Elaunon erythrocephala................-..-- 464 SUriptactases ss: toc.0e lees eee 245 
Elliot, D. G., Descriptions of some new species SUbIeGtHESs-- -aa5 2 oe Seen 245 
of monkeys of the genera Pithecus and Eriopygodes grammadora................... 247 
Pygathrix collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott Briphia granulosa: ........<:s:-.-.-:25-0:--- 586 
and presented to the United States National HIS D1 Steere ars oo ae eee 586, 611 
IMGISC UTNE sepa cess cele ests as.ee Hea cia sieves 343 leevimana var. smithii.............. 609 
Ellipsoidina ellipsoides. ................ ----- 440 SQUAMALE 7. co sdcn cre S255. et aes ceretete 586 
BIO PSISAUTNS = tate o nce eee eee es soadee me 136 | Eriphides hispida ................-.-...... 586, 611 
Emberiza castaneiceps...........-.-- wSsees2 169.) Erithacus'sibilans.. .....(...-.....-2.-c.sse- 76 
ClOPANS IH uc ccc caesceese se cisen ccs 169 | Erixestus winnemana.................-.-.-- 87, 88 

SUICALR ean ac eee ne ee tees aa 2 GO PR TIMOR ose erat acne cae ee cee ase cee ee 480 

DRISUE ALO eee ey een ones 169 | Ermilia pallipes..............--ce.cee0ecceee 203 

VARIA DUIS = ee oie Bees aa eo: 27 pulebellayc2 2c as-ceees=sss5se eee 203 

Embody, George C., A new fresh-water Eromene diatrealis ...........-.-.-.+---22-- 273 
amphipod from Virginia, with some notes ibrophia squamata:... <2 lbl cece eck ecces 544 
OMMUSdDIOLOP ecco chiswcedorosseceaeeee.-cnee 299 | Erythrosterna albicilla............--..-....- 164 
Emerita analoga.................--..-- 554,595,613 | Etropus crossotus...................-..----- 144 
eEmeritaiss see. cs255580e2- 654, 595, OLOGlor | MEUUDILPA. 22 22.2224 ccnenneece deer semen eens 29 

EM PHY TUS APCTLUS. <1. oes cee senses eee ee 203 | Eucalanus attenuatus.....................4 406 
MMEUIPCSenede oes asciscsis =. s2 See 203 MONACHUS 2222s oa aes sees 406 
Mmpidonax difticilis..-.......222<2sc2s0e0005 Ole | Moucaly ptuSecas: aoe ene cee ae eee 641 
Emydocephalus annulatus....-............. UO | Mucamuella. 22 .:< cc2cisics sees cue eee oa 431 
LIMAC ase Sesion eset ce 109 | Eucereon baleris ...............--..-.--.e-0 232 

INV S MUG CA sc a2weiecaceise rece mene seccsee< 113 erythrolepsis.<-. 2223.22 s0-che-02< 232 
WIPTICANS So cictcremnrnalteieemcaiemisk)s cre cee 113 Vabifasciaye= §. Coen cane esac ese 232 
MALO PIA MAbtCALIG ..2<ci2- <2 tisceeysrs acisee'e ce oc 263 Lube iaicc sc ae oe aeeneeae eee ee 233 
WMA arias cesecccsee tase coos eee 263 Dulatisse>.25.n ewe seas eee eens 232 

Minh YOTiS DEMME i<,< cress wcissies siseiaaels'e a 105 TOSA- cee eee eee eine aes gece se 231 
plumbesesseeerostece sessile = eZ: 105 mA TOSAC OTA ao sore sees - anes eee 231, 233 

aly. drOsOmase ce. eee. ees 426, 427 ' xanthodora ............--....----- 233 
Hiparchtis lugens: 25 <.cs.sceseccn seen snake sk 460° | uchseta spinosa... 2.2.22. 22+. eee se seee as 406, 410 
Hphydatia fluviatilis 22.222. fo.2 2005.22 50: 649 | Eucoptoenemis aphronus...... ere a 238 
var. japonica....:.....- 650 | Eucrangonyx gracilis.............- 299, 301, 303, 304 





660 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Eucrangonyx serratus............. 299. 3014303%304: lr Menusaidohimil-2s=s-enee Pack ceo eee ee 202 
Mlctenota mexicanas. .2.s22.sa.sseseece ea 537,611 | Ficophyllum eucalyptoides...........-.... 642,644 
Eugivira flavescens....... ears in eee ee 270)|, Finch, California; purples se222--- seco senor 64 
Mumeces chinensis=s-- sscee sates eee eee eee 99 Grebintskr’siscarletrose2=-£2.-----ee- 64 
elegans* a... 2acne sp aeeee eae eee 99 | Fishes collected by Owen Bryant on a trip to 
Bunettatalcataze: ss-<necontece eee ee eee 150 Labrador sist cesses ee eee 503 
BUNOM IG 32ers tenis. noo eee oo ee 289 | from Cameron, Louisiana...........-. 135 
Hupagurus barbigers. 2. 22--...--sseee eee ete OGL | swlickertmorthemies: 22+] eh cee eee een eee 60 
benedictin. fase are ene 557, 611 morthwestermss-s.-2e- ee eee eee 60 
COMPtuss. += soe eee eee 598,611 | Flounders belonging to the genus Pleuro- 
ediwardsit ss ache ssa ee ene 597 MCHUGH Y S's We noe eee eae ee 277 
edwardsiliayse eee cere 6LE |e blycatcher, bier. --s2s-e eee 6 eee 165 
pladiliss F425 chee cede s scot e 597, 611 blue:and! black=.)- 2222 e.eeeeeee 165 
MIM UGUSi rs iste aeeie eee 557, 612 broad=billed]a) 0a eee aaa 164 
ODESOCALPUSsersnay eats ae 612 pray -spotted sj. cc. sae see 164 
DOTIAtUS wee som ees woe eee ne 612 Narcissus 5.2.) acces ee beer 165 
UTpUTAtUse ses ots eee ores 597, 612 paradises ss .2ste ce as cee eee 164 
Huphylaxdovilknsccec sence s cn aseseeeeee 578 Siberian oy. jo: tesneeee meee a ceen 164 
Buplax leptophthalma:-......--22222---2-- 593 WOS CORN -72 ote teach aie er eae eon 
Eupleurodon trifurcatus..............- 533, 535, 572 white-tailed <2 Soec222 eee 164 
Muropean erimoid, anew ~.-: -- -.--<.- s2eo-- 5 329 VelOws. -e.jocecosse Shee Meee 165 
Euryozius bouvieri var. mellissii........-.-.-- 609 | Foraminifera, new arenaceous, from the Phil- 
Eurypanopeus crenatus......-..---------- 584, 615 ippines=...4.c2 ss eee ee ee eee 437 
Planuses saosset eee e eee 584-615), Horficula}spess-co-ss- cet eee eee 465 
iransversus=.-25-2 2222 543, 584, 615 annulate: A222 -. 5-3 eee 453 
Hury plas poitaw:csesce cesses comet ee se 587 auriculariag.--<-cee-ee eee nee eee 465 
Hurypodius audowimi ss. 2 565 asgse- ose ee 571,612 decipiensizas: cee ee eee Zo* 465 
IDTeVipes|=2-425 0 Ao see eee eee 612 G@orsalis2ss.2 2222 i caste seo eee toe 
latretlliitecccccssac oes e-  OL OL2, Methicajs-sss=2ee ee sate Denes 462,465 
Septentrionalis <2 sassesnsee esse 612 SCH WADZIS. oo 3soo. ee ceteee eae 463 
Huiperculatussseceeens eee eee ease 612 | Formosa, batrachians and reptiles of........ 91 
HMUryStOMMUs calomysc ss <= 24-26. cece Sees 161 | Fossil plants of the genera Acrostichopteris, 
Hunytemoraiaiiniss..2 sc s5 sate ee ecw cece sees 411 Teeniopteris, Nilsonia, and Sapind- 
var. hirundoides ......... 411 opsis from the Potomac group... .-- 625 
amerncanaece ste see eee 407 plants of the genus Nageiopsis........ 185 
herdmanie Mees 06 1 es 406, 410 turtles, eight new species of, from west 
hirundoidesee sa -acan ee eee 406, 411 of the one hundredth meridian... .. 307 
VElO AN emp nerne be cena oaeeee -.. 411 | Fox collection of Russian souvenirs.........- 1 
Burytivm afline.s:42seesss--2-2s see ose 585,615 | Fratercula corniculata..............--------- 31 
tristaninns- onesee eee ee eee 543,585 | Fresh-water amphipod from Virginia.......- 299 
BUEVGOM a DLO willee ns Saeiions sens ook See 130 amphipods from Peru.......... 623 
brunneipennise. 3 ocsseeee sees 130 sponge, Ephydatia japonica, and 
CarinatifromS: «-c.2.e0- ee ea 131 itsiallies ‘note‘on: 72 ocesnsa- 649 
fUlvipese tes sss ya cae ee 129 sponges, a new species of, from 
systoloides.-2s-.5ca8- 2 yee ee 131 Chinas 5 3.2 ee eee 183 
MUSuChiae. ct Sache eee ee ee ene 500 | Fringilla montifringilla.............-.--.---- 169 
WUtEr Des oS cor oe er ae ee eee 497. | Bulmer Paciies. sees. aeee es eae 39 
Etxoaralbicostac cs soos ee ee ee 237 Odgers) 3.222 2 8292 Seo. eee 40 
arabella soos. seems en ae Onions 237 | Fulmarus glacialis glupischa................-. 39, 40 
COTACIIVIS: ere nt iC = Be a ee 236 TOd Persil. 32 Sanne oa eee 40 
DLOGIVISteae soe eee Jepleyse 996 |, Hundulus heteroclitus:. << sess sete 137 
Evadne nordmanni-s...24-2 eee 409, 434, 435 fran ds yee eee 137 
Evermann, Barton Warren, and William Misjalis 222 fs eee 137 
Converse Kendall, A comparison of the similis. ...--......--------+------- 137 
chub-mackerels of the Atlantic and Pacific Gadirtha similis. ~~~ =... -- 7-2-2422 42 -eesene= 252 
Oceans hese he ee ee sh eee See 907) | | GAGS OB AC ot ce lele aoe ee eee eet ei 510 
Eyibaccussprinceps.. cc - cece ee eee ener. 603 ralathesererarig-- =< 2) =< = epee 559, 601, 612 
Mahia chilensisase-sceeceses ee ee eee 612 ISB VIS2 .sielste- <= eo ee eee 602, 612 
WMaloosessl ons ss a a 158 latirostris 22.2): == 2 eee eer 612 
INSIPNIS S225, .o5 bee e eee 158 NenZie eo ek Sick e ee eee eee 601, 612 
japONeNsiSh. Fp Sse eae eee eee eee 157 monodon.......---..------------ 602, 612 
peregrinus anatum............------- 58,158 | Galerida cristata coreensis........-.--------- 166 
pealeiis2s 5. Me eee 5g | Gallicrex cinereus......-..-----2.--1- 2. == 153 
FinMUINC Uses ee ee ee 158 | Gallinago gallinago uniclavus...-.-...-.-.--- 153 
perpalli@js............... 158 | mevalanot ia. 22 ch. cleo eee toe 153 
Waleon;Peale’s- 2 ses55 2 soe eee ee 58 Solitaria: oesscocectee coe ee 153 
SULUW sw ercaent cae sce est eet ceeeeee 157 BLCNUEG. 5.5. ce ekcaiasee see PORE 153 





ae. 





INDEX. 





Page. 
Garrulus brandti.................2.2222...... 167 
WAPOMICUSSe cece eo eeesce ess 157 | 
CGuasing, alpicollis.......<<<0scsecescceosesccesee 267 
Gasterosteus cuvieri......................-..- 508 | 
AVOTUSCHICH somone nmee er eA eet Se 35 
Ree aAN CICA es pee Pte cae. an ea ee ee cias 29 
1 842 (610 YC: Wasco cpr a 29 
LCM A Carers, aie np Meee ne enemas po gay wie Serrano 29,148 
Gecarcinus barbiger.:.... 02225... .s002.- 583, 612 
depressus................-....... 612 
lateralis................... 591,612, 614 
MA PUCNSIS erejac.ceisec acc ce wb = case 591 
QUAGTAtUS fe cate cece oben 591 
FOPIUS soce e oe ose oes cok ok 3 612 
TUNICOlMEs ee tee ee tah tS oe ec 612 
Gecinus canus griseoviridis.........-.....-.- 163 
Gekkonaponicus. . ..2: 2 ciccnccs cece acess 98 
Gelasimus (Acanthoplax) excellens.......... 612 
chia 60021 7b (ee i 612 
brevifrons....... Qoeeeseeceecss = 092,612 
PND DOSS ae ee eer an ci 612 
heterocheles.....---.........-.--- 612 
heterophthalmus......-.......... 612 
AOSIONIS Se crow eee eee ss: 612 
latimanus.<.22sc-2<-ssceee ses 587, 612 
macrodactylus..........-...... 592,612 
OLMATUSS sete oc2aea See sas kee 612 
PAMAMECNSISe 2 5 /csec52-c28o. 5 = 592, 612 
platydactylus...:...-...-<.<... 592, 612 
DHMCEDSse2 a. = eee = sae == 050, 612 
ou eilator nesses ses seen ee eo 609 
stenodactylus...............-.. 592, 612 
Styliferus: a 2on20 -= ik acedanes oss 592, 612 
MOCAUOL occ tare nec ae oe cineca 609, 612 
Geograpsus lividus.... -..... .. . 588,612,613, 614 
Occidentalis’ se... 22.2 2-255 oe 612 
Geothelphusa chilensis.....-.......-..---- 578, 612 
Geothylpis tolmiej...............-.-.......- 7) 
Geplyrocninusss-<......5).2.2ieesseeaseeeess 115 
Gilmore, Charles W., Leidyosuchus stern- 
bergii, a new species of crocodile from the 
Ceratops Beds of Wyoming..............-- 485 
Giniopsis: pulChta. «222522. 202 02 Se one nce ss 547 
Givira flavescens: 22... .2......--.2:.2.0---- 270 
Glandwlind 223-222... see a. ck shew esse 2 439 
ACGIIPISCHEs cic iew cote elec eras ee sc woeen tate hae 39, 40 
Glyptograpsus impressus..........-....--- 589, 612 
SPIUMUPCSs aes seece wee see e ee S- 612 
Gilyptoplax;pUSNaX: . <- o. cs... t-cseenne sos 587 
GVDLO DS! ac soe%s'a's ose o ce tee sont eatoe ee 308 
Glyptoxanthus labyrinthicus..........--. 583, 610 
Gnamptonychia orsola....-.......:..206-25- 233 
Gnathochasmus barbatus................. 590,612 
Gnathophyllum panamense................- 603 
Goatsucker, oriental........................- 163 
Gobiesox virgatulus............. ...... eet 
Gobioides broussonnetii-. ....... ee _ 10 
GOPIOSOMA. OSC 2 sc:- cto Ueto Seaeit es ec%0 140 
MOJEStUM = se eccesesaces- Seceees 140 
Godwit; Pacific: 20%). 2 cms oncchsece Se coc cis 154 
GOlMAMMED 5c 2 ose rea ond obe ne Toe jee tw eevee 68 
Gold-eye, Amphiodon alosoides, note on the. 353 — 
GOLG CMC YC secetat rac et te oan torso ase a asi< 216 150 
GOMEZASCITALA 2 sere sas act Sem lee Ee teas de 576 
Goniograpsus innotatus..........-.-.....- 548, 612 


DU cheras28 ae tasece ice le 547, 612 


661 


Page. 


Goniograpsus simplex.........2........-.-.- 612 
Goniopsis pulchra.............02222.2220.. 589, 612 
Gonodactylus chiragra.......2.22........... $12 
{estes sence. 2 eee eee . 608, 612 
SUVIMECUS! «osc co =s aeee see 6HO8, 612 
Goo0sander a... 2s. .cc-t 25 bece cts necteee use 44 
Goose, American white-fronted.............. 151 
VUtChins enone ae Saee eee 7 
COUADSUSme- ees eee eee een ee 532 
altifrons ). 5.2... e2- 502 cee sees cae cee 612 
IDICVIPCS 2a) ee ee oe eee ee 612 
CiMereUS 222. 522-22 che cc cesesenns 612 
declivifrons...........2.2.-....2.-.. 612 
CITI See eee eee ee. nae 612 
Gy COU Ss eee ee ete 612 
PTAPSUS 2222222222 547, 588, 610, 612, 613, 615 
JividUSeecee esse eeee es See ee 588, 612 
maculatus....................-..... 613 
MING Sees eee 2 eee ee 613 
OMS CUSS eee eee ase eee ee 613 
PElAPICUSe = =e eens soa a aee eee 613 
PETSONAGUS = Sectors cence cleo ata 613 
DICtUS Se eeetes goes eee aeeeeeee 613 
planifrons..-...............-..--- 547,613 
usiUSeeeeesae eee eee ee 612 
SURIZOSUS= see ae eeoeee ence nae ee 588, 613 
DESUUGINUM eee oe eee eee Seen 613 
transversus....................--- 548, 613 
VALICSALDS sees see eee 613 
WED Dice == caste ee eee 613 
Grebe, eared.........................------. 148 
MORNE eee eee aa eee ee 28 
WESUCTI Bec sccce teases. ae eee eens 28 
Grecinus canus griseoviridis................. 163 
Greenfinch, Ussuriland .................... 65, 169 
Green-shank eastern...................-.-.-- 154 
Grimotea gregaria................. 532, 559, 601, 613 
mosbeak, Kamchatkan pine...............- 64 
Grossbeck, John A., Studies of the North 
American geometrid moths of the genus 
BELO aeons Jone see ee eran ene coe ae 359 
Grouse, Oregon ruffed .....................- 51 
Grus canadensis...:.............-0ceeeeeeeee 49 
IMONACHUS sees sede seceae se ceneesee 152 
Guaia (Tia) jurinel. 25: 2.2.22222.-22ceee 552, 613 
Guillemot, pigeon............-....-..- Soa 33 
SNOW ’S!sc- eae ssiss ai Setoheeaeee 33 
SQOUY o2.ceccc sce oceee oe aa cae 33 
Gull, Bonaparte’s. 2. cde... es esessee sees 37 
G@alitOrmias-..ceces sae wee eee 36 
eastern black-headed.............-..-- 37 
glaucous-winged......................- 35 
Heermann’s 2c 2c 2c 22 ete eee 36 
Japanese band-tailed................- 36, 149 
PONG BETO Wieee-cieiows- <a oe eee 35 
short-billed................-- Seer 36 
slaty-backed......-. 24.2. 0<2ssesecceeece 35 
VORA 2a 2k ost one ee eee ee 36 
WESUEIH 35 o...2¢. Seectee Seemce ne eeeeeees 36 
Gymnocanthus tricuspis........--......-.-. 509 
Habroteleia browni.............-........-<. 125 
Hadronotus luteipes.................-.--..-.- 124 
Hematopus osculans.........-.-..--....-- .. 155 
Haleyon atricapilla.......................... 161 
Halesidota coniota.................-.--..--: 235 
WiGinc ea seen sae nee ee neem oma 234 


662 INDEX. 
Page. Page 
Halesidota pulverea. .:;.....--22----2a2------ 235) || seleron; oriental. gray oo. cok ee nese eee eens 152 
Stiienlaeamcc se ssa e eee ero 234 Ringeris reefer essence eee Pe) S152 
VANS CULa ce eee ee eee eeettete 235 | Herpetodryas geminatus.................... 102 
Haliactusialbicillass)-a- ase. one nee ee Oil -elersiliod esas ace weer eee eee ae eee ees 429 
brooksit ss-meesseee as eee 5(, 198") Heterachees lumataem ss: ss: 25s see. 92 seen 585, 616 
leucocephalus alascensis..-..--.---- 58 PilOstts Lesans eles eee 613 
Halibut.....-..---.-----+-+----+205++-2--=-- 510 | Heteractitis brevipes.............-..-------- 154 
Halicarcinus planatus.......--.------- 570, 611, 613 CANUS #2225555 sh ee 50 
PEL GUS eee Sees ianet Carteret arate ae 120 | Heterocampa androdora..............-.-.-.- 256 
TAPIN OSUS Tats aieesaloeerete et ere etcta 298 aroensis...... Soa ok Seis s 257 
Havovittatissseeeass saaeemece serra 292 CUlbanas. ison) eee ees 257 
(Nesohalictus) robbii..........-.--- 120 pelduba sis Was eeu are ae 257 
sisymbrii.--.---.---------------:-- 291 | Heterocrypta macrobrachia................. 576 
WAG DADUS = eens aie se tie meee lela terete tre to 202uile TET etErOPSyllise emis a epee ne ae ne ae 426 
ialithalestriss- scmsans emerge soemeeee tren 433 | Heterospilus prosopidis.............-.......- 381 
CLOMiaee ee mane ae cee ee 408,413) ) (Hleterusia substriatass-2.\see.2 sees eee 260 
Halophragmium calcareum........-.-------- 441%) SHinwlianindicdsas secs 25a ae oe tee 99 
Halophragmoides canariense....-.-.-- ete 440>| Hiodon'chrysopsis.<-2.-2-s= 2222s asso eeeeees 353 
grandiformis..:-......---- 440 Selenops.o 2-8 ase eee ee eee 355, 356 
I alySaCO US seta) ae eee eae seater eae tergisus esse yee meee 353, 354, 355, 356 
Hapigia accipiter.......----.-----+++++-+++- es Hippavanalogass-cce 8a 554, 613 
XOlotl.....----- +--+ 22222 esses ee sees: 25 denticilatifrons sees ee see eee 95 
Hapigiodes frederica.......- Bee sea 259 enierita.« “te See eee ee 554, a 
xolotl ....... jee nse/enmtiarecning 259 talpoides:e: 27.5: 274.5 ne eee 554, 613 
Haplophragmium agglutinans...........--.- 441 Hippocampus zostere.........-.---+-2--+-+- 137 
Hara...-...-.-- Saeed yeti ace aaa 34 Hippoglossus hippoglossus.....-.----.------ 510 
Harelda hyemalis...-....--------+----+-++-- 45 | Hippolysmata porteri.................2---+- 605 
Harpacticoida, synopsis of the genera of ..... B05)5| rand erythrogaster. ..........2.2e0ee00+4 69 
HVAT PACUICUS io clones lara ole meme 2 aoe rustica gutturalis.........--....--. 69,170 
chel ifer etree aan eae 407,413 ivtletl 2 ee ae ee 69 
Oi Late RO eI he ale Histrionicus histrionicus= =.= 2) -s--eeeer 46, 150 
gibbareetiac. teeta sees esac 417 : : 
SF ects. SE A 407 Holarchus form OSamus se sees 2 reer ea 106 
: a || follandiacnc. ca -cacer ener eee 271 
Harrier, NEN ee ese etee oe een Faas aGr ce 157 Holopiig-. 5.20 so oo te 115,211 
Hawaiian Islands, a new parasitic isopod __ | Homalaspis plana.........2..-+...---- 582, 612, 618 
ADO GNC on 2 onesie ee nnn oe one tee Homalopsis plumbeas..--=. --.-----422-4-6-" 105 
Hawfinch, Japanese......-....----------.--- e 168 Homoncocnemis poliafascies. ......-.-- Taree 248 
Hawk, duck care eae cuba re aioe Gn vamos 58; 158 Homoptera hadenoides.............--------- 249 
HUrOpean Sparrow s<:-- +---22-sn-- = 157 HeINS a Wee ee 391 
Hay, Oliver P., Descriptions of eight new Heplochelys 1 Tape Sura gk Pe od oR ree f 
: . DI CATAN AUB. aap elaine orale 307, 3821, 324 
species of fossil turtles from west of the one Ggaliite a leo ase a 321, 324 
hundredth TCL GUAT S nrrareteicyate ernie eietiera= 307 aRSch en ee 321, 322, 324 
Eveliann tins re em Sere ee terete eee 294 3 
Helminthophila celata lutescens 70 Palnd OS: <cisse eeenaa a) 
: sate fly tak em a Salienss<e-2:- 26 aero eee 321 
Helodromas\ochropus=<...%..- =2222)-s2- --o 154 : 
Hemibungarus boettgeri.................- 108, 109 SE ore ree era rde mect , si 
‘aponicuc Secale ee 109 Oe Set eee 289 
Hemichelidon sibirica..........-...- a 164 Hormosina carpenteri. ..-..- re ene a 
Hemidactylus*bowringiit-- 22 ae. 4--e ee 98 eer ear ct a>. ee ci ioe Pe 
renatistn Dee 98 OVvaliformiss= =. -s-es-er eee eaee 
Hemigrapsus crenulatus.............-. 589,613,618 | Hummingbird, Tufous....---.------ reso 61 
sanguineus : 2.0 65.72 613 | Hurria rynchops. ...---:----.--------------- 105 
Hemitaxonus albidopictus........-..-.-..-. 204 | Hyalella knickerbockeri-......---------.----- 623 
LUO PeClUS eee ae eee eee 204 Hivas edwatdsit= os 22 sem ee aee ener Se 
enicopnathusia. cs cee eer cee ee 1oQ | Hydra.....----0-00-e--- 22222222 eset ee eee 
Hepatella'amica:-. =... «- 1 ee BO OUZ ONS Hydroeciodes alala. .--..--------------+--->- 242 
Hepatus. aneustatus....-.4-ccese-eeoee eee 610, 613 anastagia.....-.-.---------+---- 243 
GHilienSisu =]. lL ee eee 551,593 Gangstia--seceee ae eee ees 244 
kOSSManniss ee eee eae 593, 613 felova....-----+-++s5+-+-+-+--- 243 
periatus. 5... Meee 544.613 mendicosa..- . -- fee ee eteeeee ee 243 
iHerbstia ediwardsile<.s.- =) sane eee 573 ainda...-------+++++++++++++--- 244 
PYTiOrmMisss so. sees eee eee 573,617 | Hydrophis. ...---------------------------- 110, 111 
Herdmania. Go hee eee 498) | Ey GUS ete ae ee eee 1 
Hermianellace. ooostes. cece ee eee 429 platurus. ...--------++++++++++++-+-- ML 
Herodias eulophotes.....9.......--.------ 152: | Efyla\chinensis's: 2222.02 -2-e- eee eeene eae 91,94 
Heren, northwest coast .............2:2.---- 49 | Hylocichla guttata guttata.............-.-- 73 














INDEX. 


Page. 


Hymenoptera, new, from the Philippine 


TSIM Soe retesetenremse cee 119 
parasitic, three new genera 
and species ol. ...-...<...:- 
Hymenosoma tridentatum............-.-- 570, 613 
Ey Odon AlOSOIdeS =... ....- s2sceeenceeewcn cece, 354 
ANIPHiOd ON. .2sec.cccc ao scsces oes ~ 353, 354 
NGECLULUS Hee eee Seeeee ceceaseee ss 355 
WENHANS ES fecee nse heads Gere Sonckec-< 354 
Hypleurochilus geminatus............-.----- 141 | 
ENVY POCEMbOT AUTEOIUS....<- +c. ccecncc et sescee 68 
MUSUCA means eee te Se Poets 69 
Hypoconcha panamensis............----.--- 594 
peruwianae =... s.a22-222255-2 553, 594 
My polobocera chilensis...<.....2....+:s.55- G18 
Hypomolis lithosiaphila............-....-.-- 235 
- Hypopeltarium spinulosum.........-- 581,610, 615 
iypopta Chilod ora... -2c..o sche 22 sehajce’s 270 | 
PUI VerOSA. Ws sac on Sek tees deacces 270 
SUlOMIGe pages See eat sarsaysieaia 23 270 
Hypsipetes amaurotis hensoni.......-.....-- 174 
Hypsoblennius hentz................-....--- 141 
IOUGHES: Seces ceqe ce cose see <s 141 
Hyssia prodeniformis.......-...--...-.-.---- 240 
TANGA GYANUVA. «<< Session ne sicicisiee sare 'sece< ' 165 
Ibis, Japanese crested................--.---- 151 
Weelus HICOrMiIS-,.... 6-225 eececsecgs-ce ss 508 
Ichneumon (Cratichneumon) burkei.......-- 383 
flies, new species of...........--- 379 
ULOSUS sees ene ns oe 2 Sea = 384 
SUDIAINIS | VAToe =e scc essence cc 383 
idalussaGgimirabilise 22222 2n<ccensaeacgsessses 236 
ACASUUSE conc one jen ato osenlseeisns's 6 vas 236 
BOTIGI See er weee ee mance Son eae ee 236 
We OMEN Cie a eee cle Seem ce cree en eee bees 430 
Weyer UNCAGAE nye aS eta sie--naeeee a aede eS 408, 417 
PACs] eh eee ne ea en te arse = a kee sl 428 
MEMO PS WUSae ts oo see ete See et aise 427 
GOTISSCUS ssa sneer cones 424 
holothunizess -22- 3 ae wn ne ae 424 
TIATAMS oie eiavoejate mn aie-acie Suen Scie -- 409 
SATS eee Se er eee mc 409, 423 
dImachoides inormatus..2 2... 625.22 t-c.ececs ene 570 
WGWIS oe soa es See Soe eres ec ses 570 
WUCrOMmMYNCUS...2....- 52 o50c5---=5000,010 
PMACHUSENUGIS sees esae nace Seecense ec doues ss 613 
Guberculatusx2es<-csesenec hee. sce 571,613 
Pp AUSC UPN ee qiekte ons, nnin does eee eee asceaie s 71 
WIOPSIS/CAtOKANGhS 22. oe cee eae tesa tare asees 233 
Wei Kite Sere e oe setae a clase memes Seek aie = ae 31 
WAL OK ee oc ck oibie oss cee a mcaniade sds emSeee asics 31 
mites AlaSkana. <,oc.- ¢ciei-eeecess2sceece ese ane 190 
TSCH 1s AeMONASSA ..... 22 oes eee esc ceee eons 253 
WOUEISSIM Ac wieke terse ate Sciacca secs ese 252 
SUMMNIS 2 Pec. s2cecaeencsec- sees ys 
Isocheles aequimanus Ree er ae ee ee 596, 610 
wurdemanni pacificus...........-.- 596 
var. pacificus......... 596 
MSOCOMA. WIightiiss..2. 2 <4 Socecce cee toss ec ees 292 
ASG VNGO-OLIEs eo Re ere sos tee dese sce 74 
Isopod, parasitic, a new species of, from the 
Elawalianaslands2 2 sane. to-nc asatee-s0ee 645 
Tsopods from Peru, collected by Dr. R. E. 
ORCL ee Fa ye te ate etc ets oe 79 
Wackdawmblack: cats. cscie esos sesecctiesscae 168 
PaaS eae iein nents Hoe cis sewieseieine 167 


87 | 





6638 

Page. 

Jaeger, long-tailed.......0...2............... 34 
DAFASIUIG 52 e255 oc eGaikek ven boecneDese- 34 
pomarine... ....::.5...:. 34 
Japalura mitsukurii......222-220 022 92,98 
SWinhoniS:.2.2.222522 <-n0cseee--2 cee 92,98 


Japan, birds collected in, during a cruise of 


The “SA batross’? S22... ses-es< cence oceee 25 
aStrip, tSCHOMMiy sc... eee Sees. boaee eee 58 
Jay, Japanese... .........2.0. 2. cee cee cee es 167 

HbellerSaeeeeecee eee see ee eee Sees G2 
Jeanpaulia.... 2.0.2.2... 222 eee eee 626 
Jordan, David Starr,and William Francis 

Thompson, Descrip- 
tion of a new species 
of deep-water scul- 
pin (Triglopsis  on- 
tariensis) from Lake 
Ontario, with notes 
on related species... _ . 75 
and William Francis 
Thompson, Note on 
the gold-eye, Am- 
phiodon alosoides Ra- 
finesque, or Elatto- 
nistius chrysopsis 
(Richardson)........ 300 
Jouy, Pierre Louis, birds collected by, in 

SR ORG Green ae acer cepts oe eee Seer 147 
ISGeL UT ccs Sere tae ee eee es 33 
TSAO Seren Serer cere oe alert ee eae 59 
Kakikae. sce dc Aten ae ee ee eee ee ee 62 
Kaliosyphinga dohrnii....................-- 201 
Kamentisch ha. 2.22222 ss accseececeescscess2 46 
Karschiella camerunensis.................- 444, 465 

WCB ViGlse n26.c aa orn eee eee 444 

Kendall, William Converse, Report on the 

fishes collect- 

ed by Owen 

Bryant on a 

trip to Lab- 

rador in the 

summer of 
L908: 2. .satsers 503 

and Barton 

Warren E ver- 

mann, A com- 

parison of the 

chub-mack- 

erels of the 

Atlantie and 
PacificOceans 327 
NROTOOS San o26 cle betes Sas So ccete See 35 
Kestrel, Koreans. «0... 222242J200 lice. 2- sees 158 
Widimal tikes. <<.2h.5.050 sess soe ee ee eee 51 
Keji-Dat0’.... seo teens vee keene cee = eee 156 
Kingfisher, belted..:..5.:-.2.2:22--2.s-20<-6= 60 
black-capped ...........----....- 161 
CASTCNO 28. -oceee erento eee he 161 
Kittlandia Vaprans:o028 osc. 02¢ ees Aeee eee 138 
VIO ais Se eats ee eyo re ates ee a ee 35 
Kite; Siberian’ black oe... sees se se = eee 56,157 
Kittiwake;, Pacific. ...2- 2. 2222s... sess cess 35 
red-legged ...........+----------- 35 
WeO-AZULU = << odes aescec csneos: eSeccsscesesces 151 
TOD jUG Bee. oa em eyete nis nae ene eae eee ini 31 

Korea, birds collected in, by Pierre Louis 
VOM: foie eee semi eat ware eee eee ere teas 147 











664 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
[iorokorasss- 2222 ae aaa ae ee eee 31 | Land shells collected by Dr. Hiram Bingham 
Kitachall 5; co.cc oe tae er 44 | in: Peru. 5 ees oe eee eee 177 
Kerasno-nOe alate 22 oe cae es eee eeeeeene 30.) Waniusiucionensis:-sss.2 sees kee ee eee 170 
I ies Aero sites ee re ee 153 MAPNITOStrissete eee ee 170 
lajdinij’s Mos tA 2. .<.css eee oe sence atte 50 Sphenocercusss2eee ss seao ee eee 170 
tschormija= 5 S52 esse sae seen ae ee 50 | Laophonte longicaudata................... 408, 421 
Wumagera: saaeo-2- = Sano see see eee ne G0") || eaophontellaseses2 ans cee osee Sone ee 425 
Keuropathkast. 522-55 --e ace ae eee 56M aophontodessa-ce.- seer eee eee 426 
KaUTO-SA Piao ace ss a2 Sb Ae es See a eee 152))| Waophontopsisecen ses ccss ee eae ee eee 427 
Tabiavannulatas 245 55528. ee eee 453,454,465 | Lapwing, gray-headed wattled............_. 155 
ALACDIGISH pace sc saws a5 See a 452,453 | Lark, Korean crested..........-.-..-..-.-.+- 166 
arcuata.:..... nee Wy oa): 453, 454,455,465 | Larus barrovianus....2.-.---..2----+..222... 35 
BULICOM Anes ce eee ee oe eee 456 brachyrhiynchoss..e2- epee eee 36 
bilineatasss. Meas eaee asco acne ee ae ay 453) Califormicusszc-cee o2- See ee eee 36 
breviforcepss2 2:4 -ncte= ace eet 456 | Crassirostrisa cee cee ne eer ee 36, 149 
brunied Aegon ec seen se ete eee 452 glauicescens)). oe: eee aa eee 35 
IDUTPESSIs cesta ees aes nee ee etre 451, 452, 465 heerManni- Ss... coe se- eee ee eee 36 
chalybeascscas seers 453, 454, 455, 456, 465 occidentalis’ gaa ce sen eee 36 
HAVASCULA Boers aon eee REPS aie eee 453,465 | philadelphiae= 7.20 = eeeee = ee eee , 37 
Sutitataaeesoes cesat ea see 452, 453, 465 ridibundus brunneicephalus. ........- 37 
IUZONICAM Ae eee eae ss ee aoe eene 456 schistisagus==2.-s)2e22sec a= ere 
miceleliniiss eee st See sere, eet 455 WiCR ce ey ckci re sn tava acess ae ee 36 
melancholicasess = s-ee shee Seen 459° 4650\ uacvivora Cyanen sae i o=e eee ee eee 165 
MNOKI CAN Ae resect eenise see -eteels ae tele 456 | Laticauda colubrina.................--...... 109 
TON TAO BSS v2 ose: CE ee ot pa ey es 456 | laticaudataly--ess a eee eee 109 
Mipnolavi assesses ssass sce se aoe 456 | semifasciata’ 32222) sss. ese eee 109 
MALASUAVENSISe pees eee ees 451.455) |) Weander titteris. sce. se ceen seer ee eee 613 
Mictipenniswsss sean teas sce see ee 446 | Leidyosuchus. . 485, 488, 492, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501 
Dulehella shes faces aaa Ne 452,465 | canadensis noe facie cose eeee 485, 
SIC atae see eer te ee SANS ae eee 453 | 486, 488, 489, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 500 
TPabia Sees seer eee eee 455 sternbergii...... 486, 489, 490, 492, 499 
NOUMING abaseese ae eee et aaa eee 456 a new species of fos- 
SChWarziaeseca sacra esos ase 456 sil crocodile from 
SUVESULITS Suse tes er eee ee eee ae 451,455 | zs Wyoming 22s. se 485 
PRIN tatiseacee ec neta ee ees oe ON 456 | Leiolophus planissimus.............-.----- 613 
Tnalbidiaoriginalistsst2 eee seseo nos: = ee ce 207 |, Lelostomus' xanthurus... 2.22.22 22eoe eee 139 
Labidoceraeestivarces a sece ne so-so hee 407,435, || epidopaichilensis: 32-22: -2-s-oee eee 595, 610 
uabidura bidenssss sere ceus sacs ao. st en enee 449 | Lepidoptera from Mexico, new species and 
Jiwidlipesseee see astecccetees eee 449) ||| “generaiofeccissessae ase seoceseee ene 229 
monvolicga: =. oste eee ne een essere 449: |) 1uepomis/gibbosus 2 3228-222 sss aetee eee 305 
PIPAT Dees Maes eee see eee secs 449 | Leptisolabis howardi................ 449,451,465 
Labidurodes'magnificus................... 444, 465 WUnIdenta tases ss -- cere eee se 465 
abiduromima=ce sense tee oe neater sen 460 | be ptocerdale se scee sae nse see eee 135, 142 
Labisiinidentatan sameeren ee 451,452,453 | longipinnisis..--4o-eeee sees 135, 142 
Labrador, a new species of Onchidiopsis from. 469 | Leptodius cooksoni ..............----.-..--. 582 
fishes collected by Owen Bryant exaratus, var. sanguineus......... 609 
ON asbLipltOque esses ss tise oeecee 503 | lobatus's 20sec eee eee 582, 613 
Machesismonticolavss: wescos: tates 112 | occidentalis 355s... 22 256s cee eeer ser Olt 
Lagodon rhomboidesteces. se. seen ete 139 | snodgrassi (0S 5. .2c tosses Se 
Wagopus’evermanniges + «. oc se ce os mess e eee 55 | spinoso-granulatus.........-.... 582 
IB ODUS ete ak Baten se tee econ ere 54 sternberghiiiss. 23 ose ae 613 
SIDUS Rae eciees sce eee aon Oe DSTO aa tridentatus!so2 s254- se eee 582 
alexandra. ..-..:/."- 51/5253, 54. | Leptograpsus ‘ansoni =. 2) 2. = cece ee eeee esos 613 
allemi-cs 92 ses e oe nee 52,54 BEN lee etes Sons 65 
lagopuSee sonata ae Oe TOS Tugilosus': = -% =... -=seb ser 613 
TU tUSs: ee eee ok 53 variegatus .......... 547,588, 611, 613 
RIGS WAVI2css hs en. oe ee See 56 MOrreauxt joe5.c one eee ee 613 
rupestris atkhensis................. 55 Leptopodia\debilist:--—--c--2 aac eee 570, 613 
Teleonin ee 55 modesta ogee a cir nee eta ee Seen 613 
Lake Ontario, a new species of sculpin from. 75 , Seta eo sok gee a 
Lambrus hyponcus... 576, 613 peu ae See Ta Sea ay etn eel ps 
Lamellaria. Re "480 levis reins 3 jatar eeaaer ge aaa! 
eT cite a ce ee ee pene pentagonas e242 ae eens 571, 613 
Blacialis...............--.--.++--- 4769!) Tencosialltevis cece eee eee 613 
leptolemman=.S35- pe eee eee 480 pacifica. ..... yen oe LR a ee ee 613 
WiISON ee eee ee steee eee Cer eeee 47.9) |) Wetrcosiliay) Wtineieep seen aoe 552, 613 
bamellartidses- 10s tao a oe ee 477,480 | Leucosticte; Aleutian. ..._....:...22---2-. 65 
amellariopsis: ana. .0ch eae. eee 481 { tephrocotis griseonucha........ 6 








INDEX, 665 

Page Page 

TECWCOSWIIS SPINOSAe i222 ccc s Se 2 sce senecs 292 | Macrophya flavicoxe................--...--- 207 

Ibibidoclea granaria......-.-...---..2-2-0++- 572 trisyllabac ie: <2. se oe oe ce 207 

riba LOStVALH sc - cscs = steers -occes one « 572 VATE e eee ae aeees see t eee 206 

SPW OSdan sees ase ee eee ae = ie. ore! ate 573 | Macropisthodon carinatus................-. 92, 104 

SUDSDINOSA= sence =e eee Sones wiclee 573 flaviceps........... fee 104 

MibipeslO Dats ese eat.s 4.32 ceee sya a 50 TUGIS ease ot eee ee 104 

Lichomolgus.........-..- eoeeeee es Gots aerate 426 | Macroteleia kiefferi............ bee eee 127 

AGNHETENS..<,..csicc co see tee cee 408 Mani eNSisiene se ese; sons ee see 127 

Lichomolgus fucicolus.............-.----- 408, 421 striativentris.................. 126, 127 

MAjlOL=.rse se ecec scene os oeess os 408 | Magpie, Chinese........................-.--- 167 

Hiopel tis Maj Obes = sae ec note tecie eso e enn e 106 Kamehatkan....:--.-.:::2.-:.:22:<- 62 

Wimaschinka. .2-s6 5-66 sane see eos ec 72 | Malinka tschornaja sturmofka..............- 41 

Limnerium (Angitia) websteri.........-.--- OSS MT aT eee cere eee ete eare eee 44 

(Hyposoter) parorgyiz.......+382,383 | Mallard......-............22--- eee cece ee ee eee 45 

Limosa lapponica baueri.........-.....--.-- 154 Cusliysceg tata. 5 aes. terns: doe oer 150 

Lineodes....-...-- pees ee ae eee 272 | Mallotus villosus.............-......-------- 508 

Liparis truncatus. ........-.....-..-------- 509 | Mammals from the Philippine Islands, two 

Tipoglyptus primus... 2.2 s..0...e0.- 4-9-2555 123 new genera and sixteen new species of.... 391 

WIMODea CACM Mes Gea a apc mcose es 613 | Manchurian suthora.................-------- 173 

MACS ieee. aoe ee aici 613 | Marsenbiotus...........-.....- 2.2. eee ee eee 426 

MISSA AUTIVILNUSI. oe - acc oto ens ese aeons Dio! | Marable. o-ss-eecceessses sees eee eee eee 633, 635 

WItheCUs FESIMMUSs. 2 casas os Secs sce les <3 340) | Marattiopsiss: 2: 24--2 acces 5-256 sen ceeeeee 632 

Mithodes:antarctica: »: 2. 2>.¢.2.2022-2¢ 533,595,611 | Marginella curta....................--------- 555 

Lobotes surinamensis............-----+-+---- 139° |) “Marila marilassosss 08825-22022. once eee 45 

Lonchopria...... OF ans eee eee aos = 292 | Marmarea occidentalis..............--------- 370 

ROME TPE Ma srs yoo ee yoee ia Soe acae <= 430 var. peplarioides. ...-. 368 

onespur, Alaskan. .222..24...1.<2eseee22 "= 66 peplarioides..........-.-...------- 368 

Commander Island........------- 66 | Marsh-tit, thick-billed.....................-- 172 

Woolen Dlack-GOTOaleG cases cece <ees,-nc.ci- 29 | Marsilea..........--2-cecceccceccceccceceeeee 626 

BAC Geren eee ace amano nwo = sess -6 29 | Martin, sand.......- Se eee 170 

POCQ=CHTOAtCC so see ae tacias oe oma as 29; 143) Martischikaus ss. -e2eeseeeeessaqeeses se eeeae 37 

Mophacteea rotundata..--......2--.2.-.+-5- 084,613 | Matayba.co.2s-2---o-e-ce ances sce ssee a sales 640 

Mbota macuilosaz.. 22... bee a2 cdeee thease ees se 78 apelalas...Secsescc< itacteesswiieste 640, 643 

Louisiana, fishes from Cameron..........--- 135 domingensis..............-.-¢.----- 640 

WOXOtLOPs LCOMUtA: 223220 se. cs eo enee eee LOZ EM AtSCHIT = ie eceoe aa acs oe oe ose seein eee eee 31 

GUID NS Oe cease se y= = Ae lee wee el 509 | Mecynocera clausii.........-.--.----.--2-0-+ 406 

WMA CiMNatae. 2 a. cece c nes SoS e Se oe aie “29,33,34 | Medseus lobipes........-.---------eeeeeee eee 583 

Lycodes perspicillum.........-----+++++-+++: 509 | Megalopyge albicollis.............--.-------- 267 

TOUCUIALUS? o- 2-2 3 Sea's se cere ee 509 DISSESAce. 223 .No2 055 seeee ocean 267 

Wallteccse coe te seen aseotico ses 509 Codlopteris:222-----2<5s-2-2255" 266 

Mycodomaudax:..2 0.2. ..c0<eeesseeesese os 107 CyitObase sees Sone 266 

Lycophotia espeetia.........-----------5+-+- 239 defoliatasss: sa... + ee eee 266 

IMLECtAS 15485 ccs er edae.ce esses 239 IAM Plaise-c22:.2se sass eemee eee 265 

IOS G ATS ore seoeye ee eerie erate wise ieiai=ns 239 [anatiecs cocks: sce te eee 267 

mellucidalisss:anc-aseeeeere: weewe 209 leparas.cs2ccsss sensohstonse eee 266 

WyGia TOMAX. 202 5.522 an2e eee eee ccs 2s olen 614 OPCLCUlAris ce. oscocee cca eee 267 

Lygosoma acutirostre.........------------++- 100 OUTAGES cre cise otatc rete reas ote eyecare 267 

(Hinulia) smaragdinum var. vi- Padiatae. << sonic. adidas sees 265 

TIGHUSCUM. 2.22 eae cee tec 100 Supetb as. scns¢ Feet tees eer 266, 267 

Lysiosquilla decemspinosi.....-.--.-.--.-- 566, 608 Gta i Wes te ace ere 266 

polydactyla seta 22.- 2. saseee = 608 Tru jNOs senses ac eee eee 266 

Mabuya longicaudata.............----------- 99 | Meinertia gaudichaudii.........-.----------- 79 

MUDStiAtlsseoenes (ee asm re eee se 99 | Meliana perstrigata..........---------------- 247 

Macaca pHeBura - 2. -<.02-2.2encc ste cece ene 343 | Melipotis mosca....-.--- ftteeeeseeteseeeeses 253 

IMele HALLO DUR ese eet foe a cies ace «02 een 2 cae nie 430 | Melospiza cinerea MOrpNiNa.<eaesnes see 67 

Macremphytus tarsatus............---------- 205 . melodia SANARG 024 asicnnssnbn sys a 
MM OP DOTA CHITIN secs hook Lalsavssenes 561 | Menippe frontalis..........----------+--+++++ o 

ae a ODiUSA ioe ces eee eee wen eateeses 585 

seeatannus ae ae o Menticirrus americanus..........-..--------- 139 

AMEHICATUME 3.7 Siac sae .c/n2 ane 613 littoralis... sels. -elsssccseee see 139 

appuni equatoriale....... 604, 615 <atatiligne eee eee eee 139 

jamaicense.... 561, 604,610, 613, 615 Merganser, American............-2------+++5 44 

Jamarrei- sss eo.-5-. «+42 ae 604 red-breasted....... en eee se 44 

mexicanum. .......---.--..- 604 | Mergus americanus.............-------+++++- 44 

NAGLELELI s)he - teeetesie -.-- 604, 615 merganser merganser......-.-------- 44 

Olfersts <-2.2 =< since 604,610,615 | Mergus serrator.....-.-..------ Aion dee ce Beier 44 

Macrocoeloma villosa. ~..--......222--20---- 574° | (Meris. altiola. 2. acco o~ we see we ciee  oin = si 265 

VIRLOSUNM eevee oc crt ciate cists, = 616 | MEXICOlD. «c:decctraciets cle cw nmlecise ca= 265 





666 INDEX. 
Page. Page 
Merlin, “Korean >-ocj2 oe oe cece eee 158. 2Monacanthus ciliatus2s.sssees. = sae eee 139 
Mesochra: .2)22 anchcoee Gee eeee sane mae Sees 427 ispidusiacs sees ane eee 139 
Metacrinus 2. . scones see eee ae ioee es 211s Mongolian ploverses-eos--eonee eee eeee 155 
Metanastria championi...........-...-...---- 254 | Monkeys of the genera Pithecus and Pyga- 
Tustanda:. sacs cec ase cheeses 254 thrix, new: species Olic.- seater. seer ee oes 343 
Metanema quercivoraria........---...------- 263) ||Monopsireraliss.a.e somes cee cere eae 413 
Metapentus go0deli 122262. 2h 22 < seeeee ee 607 | SMonsomlamautacnecencee eee eee e een eeeee 204 
Metopograpsus dubius......-...-..--.---..-- 613°) Morarigy2/c cect) ot ace nici ene eee eee 427 
MINIAGUS Sect eee 613) | =Motacillatispr sess seem ae a eee 71 
Metridiailucenss: 2.-)432 255-6 eee eee 407, 412 leuicopsis®: 4-2e ee see eee 170 
Mexico, new species and genera of lepidoptera lugensest sess: SS tcokenasece 70, 71,170 
ADOT 2S Be eth Pee eee eee 229 | Moths, new, of the genus Trichostibas.....--- 527 
Miacora.diffidens a¢,--- i250 -.5 2 soeses eae 270 North American geometrid, of the 
tropicalis sae Se als caine 270 GENUS" RCTOR. Of h cate ee ee tees 359 
Microdesmius:20 so. eee a ary ei. oe eet 142°) Murgil cephalusi-ce- ace one ee es 138 
GipUS ese: eee se nals 149' | Mrulleria Se cien Sa ces sees ere sists seinsle 212 
Tetropinmigee. tote esse eee 149143; |--Munida cokerts 222-22 semen ee 532, 559, 613 
Microhylaissipesee, eee ec eeee cee 91, 92, 95 [AnCIeeh OO Se ee omnanarac scenes! 532, GOL, 613 
Steiner erin ee. eee en, eee 92, 95 PICLATISS§ cee alee epee ee 612 
Micropanope taboguillensis.........-.- een 5g4 | Murre, California. 2.222.220. 2.272222 2 eee 33 
Microphrys aculeatus...........-.-.--- 536, 574, 616 Pallas’... ----.----+-+0- 2+ 20222202225 34 
Bran Chinligares soe eae oS Per: |Mourrelet;ancienta- 722 -ise (ee) eee eee ae 32 
OPEODM Te Saul) Bee Sees ar 613 Japanese Sau ceecen sce eee eee 149 
platysoma........ 535, 574, 613, 614, 616 marbled........-.-.--------------- 32 
Weddellinse ne ee eee 574 | Muscicapa griseisticta............-.-.------- 164 
Micropogonmundulatus:.~ 2... 222 ans. - lence 139 epee pe eM NCEM MOT ca Sa ae 
Microptenussalin01d CSascee meee qeece coc 305 Mustela ees mitt © Oe Oe i a ea eae Bee 
IMICrOpUSHPACIICUSS.pae- sem ee eee sa eare 61, 163 Myiochiames aha a; alll” 2a pe 
Microrhynchus'depressus. -22- 2-2. 4-0-2. 571, 613 Myledaphus bipartitus..............-.--.-.- a13 
gibbosus OS Tous ei eae 571, 614 Myoxocephalus groenlandicus..............- 509 
(Inachus) tuberculatus.....- 614 Scorpioides Stes ct Sa camera 508 
Microsarcops) cinereus: - 2. <. 222 5-2-0482 155 Myra fownsendt Round Va a i Sadie 
Rae Lelia eR re ated 439 | Myrophis punctatus..-...-...--.---.--.-+--- 136 
NOPVE PICA: seco eee dams daaee eee 497 eaten CoS Ty ig, Poaceae eran rari al 
Microthales tris? so-aeenaeneme ae so ars= tan 428 aaeele St St Ti oe ak fae ean 18 
. Sag yee ; NagelopsiSss aot cee e ees or ee eee 185, 625 
Miller, Gerrit S., jr., A new carnivore from : 
Chinagesse.ass pees: 385 Sea ge ie taoais Sepa RR aaa pe 
Dessotions of tw angustifolia= pees see ceeese 187,190, 191 
ptions of two new : - 
genera and_ sixteen Grassi CaUlis 2622-5 --- eee eae pee 
new species of mam- degracens Pir a hn oe eg tee 
erals inom tae rane fossil plants of the genus.......... 185 
pinedslands’. Shes 391 heterophylla Brett eee te 191,192,193 
pte, me latifoliati a Seseeeseose Che oer 194 
ek - a s ssebehroa sepals sco aap = longifolia..........----- 187, 189, 190, 191 
Mitnia platysoma..--0--sonoss an. 88,536,614 sneha seers a 
Milvus ater melanotis.........-.-..------- : 536, 157 eee oC eh La eal 
Minivet, Korean..........-..-- 166 Cbttisolte a5 <<a aaa it 
Miracia efferenta .............. oe ite 407 OV Reo tna Sr aces aera pee 
Aigoohrik Slee a ee eee es TECUI VAL sae e oases 191,192 
RG i tee ee ae ee ae . ; subfaleata bei deo tes hoon eo oe 193 
Mithraculus afeslatas is el 614 HERDS ore pha ee eG ES an oes 
Ss ms eae Tis Sen Sale he be eS aes, Nagidusa sdaviS-o. 2. eos ceeceee teen eee 257 
Mithrax areolatus eSioias Sse Stata nee ee eee 575, 614 Naja najaatra. 2s. 6s ee 109 
bellii Y ttkes. ee gee mT ae eS ge Nannopuss.n.inc2-e Sosa ne see sete ater ee 425 
Ee. Sgr i ene ace a es Nannus fumigatus peninsulee erat eee 171 
Sy eniae Se eae ae ah aaa a a fas hiemalisspaciticus \ 2. = s-ssee-e eee 72 
BOD oP tain lca na ae a e mieligertls cocks ce be hee meee 72 
pera va oe aie a a sae ois pallescens!:-¢-@---- 5-3 ce- ees 72 
SPINNDOS <ost sei 2 isa goo oo 579, O14, 616 Naprepa cyllotacis. 2h. 4.2 = ce = eee 258 
( Peleophrys) cristulipes es note ee 536, 6i4 Houita fontaine 257 
ee eae ur mmr ers oy arr ing se Natrix annularis..................---+2+.---- 103 
SoS RSet SS SS eee eck ? COPED. w0e ec els eae nie eRe Ee OD 
UMSUS.-..----- 222-222 sse reteset sees 574 piscator...... 2a ee ee ee ae 103 
Mitraculus tubers. 2225-2 a es eee 614 SAUTETIS Soc Lh ke Se ae era 92, 103 
Gumidus sc...) shige se omictcie ee es 614 SH OTAG kl ots sera ve ea a 103 
Mollienisia latipinnass 22. Qce coos eee 137 swinhonistsseisce soko eee ee 92,103 


INDEX. 667 








Page. Page. 
Nauticaris marionis. ..............2-s-.--5--0 605 | Nomiaruficornis..................... ; 289 
Nautilograpsus angustatus...........-.----- 614 SOMIAUred. 20. 2 akc cee ee neste srl . 291 
INA OL see cee as en aee ces Seer oe 614 1 CXC}: ae 298 
MUINUGUSS 32s sceee cece See 614 tetrazonata................ eee ean 
Smitbilzo2c5.-e5e- = ess 614 tpangulifera. 2 2223... .. esses. 22 294/295 
Nemausa spinipes:......--.--.----+-2++-++-- 614 TIDIVETSIGALIS=0 co) sae en ee esc e eee ne 297 
Neolobophoraruficeps. 22... 22.22 20. 2225..-2- 5 458 xerophila .......................... 294, 295 
Neorhynchus depressus...-...-....-.------- 614 | Normanella...................- taseence nasa 427 
PID DOSUS. 2 = sacs 2 n\ao- elas. 614 | North American bees of the genus Nomia... 289 
PNCXICANUS 27 sscecites oes ss 614 | North American geometrid moths of the 
Neptunus acuminatus:. 0.25.8. -2es- 4. -6- 614 genus Pero, studies of..................-.. 359 
(Amphritrite) gladiator var. ar- North Pacific Ocean, birds collected in the, 
PONTALUSea sae ce ene 55S G09 during a cruise of the ‘“Albatross’’........ 25 
ASPCLfemyssser ee one seat Seas ee 614 | Notolopas lamellatus ....................-- 572 
(Callinectes) diacanthus.......... 614 | Nucifraga caryocatactes kamchatkensis...... 64 
GUIDAMIUS see eee se ce Sa eas ei 614 |- macrorhynchos..... 168 
isicanthus so... se ees teste 614 | Numenius arquatus lineatus................ 154 
IMEXICAMUS! 2.2 5ce2eeews oe ees 537, 614 cyamopus..................2-22-- 154 
PanaMensiss.2s22e. go. ae eee 614 | Nutcracker, Kamchatkan................... 64 
UMANSVEISUS). ce c2c esac eee cts 3 614 | Ocadia sinensis. .......-.:.2...2.s<----2-0+- 113 
RANGUSI 25a 2eimscg-e ade acetone -s 614 | Oceanodroma furcata................--.-..-- 41 
INeSOPaSLEr LUNCEDS ...2 asec. anes aon s's cs 451 homochroa...............-.--- 42 
Nettion. carolinensis. ..-22-<2:2-222-2ae2e0.s 45 leucorhoa...... Po Ad 41 
CLOCCA ccc cieceee sees 5 stats eeaisan sss 45,150 | Ocypoda gaudichaudii.............--.-...-.- 550 
TOVINIOSUIM seo oi oreo. 29 t serssicte a ais Sie ees 150 Ta COTES cpoeerc atte ence etree teen 591, 614 
Nightingale, Kamchatkan..............-..-- i4 occidentalis. .......- eae eee ene 614 
TUby-throated)...2 2-22.22 fse<2 74 ULV Gt eres see see aey) eee 614 
Nilsonia, densimervess..sc.2-cs22e~ss0es~+--- 638 | Ocypode (Acanthopus) clavimana........... 614 
fossil plants of the genus, from the | SCLTIPCSeays ese o.c- age 614 
Potomac :PToup s ..-..s--.- 22 ete ee 625 paudichaudite 2. eo - cewscre eet 550, 591 
NOHMNStTUP 6 oseseccaoStewe eet. aed 638 occidentalise- == <2 sa.- sce. see ee 591,614 
OLCSONENSIS] aa eee eee eee ace bara Odontopsalissenasasss-cac ores sees ea teen 462 
schaumburgensis................-- 637 | CEdipleura occidentalis.............-.----. 549, 614 
Ninox seutulatus japonicus ................. TOON Oenotrus dispar sa. csc. e-.-c0-- asses 2 260 
NIPPON TI PPONs2-2nees2- 5:4 esses ss ss 151 phanerischyne ...-........:-.----- 260 
INT LO CTA: cox d sacl yaw ss caw re ee cle 432 | Oidemia americana.......-.-.-..-.---------- 46 
BNI Dice lems errata nan etties 2 srcale Sie 176 deezlandil-<-0<-82.222 s2.esee se eeeee 46 
7 INDO OSATIA soecscdan ec e snes see sisadtemc size sie 439 Perspicilatar..< <2. <:00 sae Soe owes 46 
INO TMA cpae ovareie cise anjastce cece aeee emieb eee 289 Stejmegeris....3..,\:s(. fea. cee eeee 46 
ACUSE © lwo se sce tome seimmedeanmsioe 296 | Oithona plumifera......................-.-- 407 
ANeelesiass. ces. - 5 cache ecee.cescss 293 | SIMMIS26e: aaoec ech: Clo e eee 407 
BVACH Awe sae oe cee cues nee scssee =e 294 | Okhotsk Sea, birds collected in, during a 
ATIZOUENSIS. . << 522222222 ohn wine sen ee 292,298 cruise of the Albatross”? .... s- acco ee one 25 
angelesige,.j-- -so0S22 s225 5 293 | Olbiorchilus fumigatus peninsule.........--. 171 
bakerionscceeeeeeen sa sea eres 292, 20a: | sOLGsSCQUAW wie « omatcc.e <i si ne'er eer 45 
DIK «5 cesses ern eerste eeroie 293° | Olean dra 25. 22h esas exces nec ecie sae ie eee 635 
bolliana......- ee ea 290, 295 BUCUCAs a deo -2se2ecs< tak oet eer 635 
CRIESTING rato Bae jee as etemns fieieee 298 | Oleandridium beyrichii...............---.-. 635 
Bed LOL epee ae a tenet ae a co 296 | Oligodon bitorquatus: =: 2..2-.c22...csccsme= 106 
CINADS = seen cdesen Sec eemese em catce 298 OTHAGUS..42 2225 ..ce se eee ee 92, 106 
compacta. .....-----.5-- eee eee eee ee 298) | Olicoplites SAUCUS 2... So. . een ae re sae 138 
AILVETSIPES..... os -- ese ness ass 289,290,291 | Oliva peruviana..........:.2-.+-+---+5---2-- 555 
SIO Uhre Rete eee se eer 291 | OlorGYPNUs. 2 sencede<-eoaeen = cicero ease 151 
HO Se eee se pepe eee ees. acces oe 297 | Onceea venusta.......-----------2+----- +5 408 
PUIDOLUS Sone = ccc cise ces sarda wean eis 291 | Onchidiopsis, anew Labradorean species of.. 469 
TEUCLO DOC ems tare nists eeraiarsie's tater /aiee 294 COLYS. Sct sMececee Soeeeioee ne 470, 477 
HOTISQU eee ee eS ae yao sade nies 292 SlACIS/IS 2c. e'ca ence. 6-4 5eee 477 
J OULCOSEM se ecent ciate errs eotee i = = 292 var. groenlandica..... 477 
MOLPIDIPENNIS slo aes seis teed es 294 pacifiea.. .--<-3. 477 
meland erie 2s hee s,- deste snes 296, 297 groenlandica..........------ 475, 476 
ANOS Hse ciel eee nis eens was pita Stacie 295 var. pacifica...... 476 
Anestlensissemesades maa. nase aaa 297 palliatee. sees ee eee eee eee 476 
MEVAGCNSISass ese gat eee are 290, 292 TEINS e esas so ee cer 476 
North American bees of the genus.... 289 | Oncocottus..........-------------+--++--+++- 75 
TLOT VOM oye ee epee Set ee ie es 990,296" || Onychocamptus..2.... 22.26 -2.2-2ccee ser -52- 429 


RUCONME ete eee site vices a steie ss vis 292--|| OPMIOSRULUS \). octane cmacies out celemiaon = <es 102 


668 INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
OphisaurussSp-sanes-eee eee sotyosmesines 5 102'|| Bachyzanclaacyip tera sa... ease e ss eeee 272 
artless ao 8s eee erase 102 jUnCtalist< eee ee eee 272 

Opisthocosmia americana..........---.----- 461 | Pacific Coast of America, shells of the genus 
Dogotensis 42 -e-ceeee sees ee 460 Conusifromithe sas2 seep eee see sears 217 
@psanus? 2.28 asses seas ahossese soeceer eeeee 513 | Pacific Ocean, chub-mackerels of........-... 327 
PAWS Sacco aeen ean e V41 145 | eagunistesshintuses.:--2-0 2 eee ee eee 555, 596 
Orbimorphus constrictus...........--.------ 83, 84 COMENTOSUSH a aces nee eee 596, 615 
Orbione 3.2 She eis ie ae ae ene ane ees 83 weddelliiie =3-. S3- seas ae 596, 615 
Oreccinclasvanliaseo-s=. sce Re eee ee eee 74>) “Pagurussbarbigeres-- 22 essere 598, 610, 611 
Oriole “Chinese. 73.26 a2 oe ee Roe ee 168 bDenedictiges. 2 =e eee ene 557, 597, 611, 612 
Oriolus:diffusus’: 4232) 2. .aece <a: eee ee 168 chilensises 252-52 (fee eee 597,615 
Orthograpsus billitss. 222% os eiee ese 614 COMP tUS!S foes tee seit eee ees 598 
Orthostoma emarginatum..........---.--.-- 614 ediwardsit)5) >< 22a ee 597,611 
latidens2y12 We se ae eee 614 FORCEPS sce Loo 1. SS ee ee 598 
IMALLATIGIUTONS 2 < Cases meee e st 614 gaudichaudii........-. Sil SC eae eee 598 
pardalintim se scsee see 614 PaylsNe 5. Cee hee pee eee ae 598 
peruvian UM eee sso cee 614 Plas! Llct <n eee 597, 611 
pietum sesso ue erences ee 614 maculatuss-2.4.22 oe eee eee 547,615 
septemdentatum ..: 0.2. -:2--- 614 MINUWGUS oo Saas eee 557 
Onur see Seno rien a eee te Pee eee 165 ObESOCALDUSES =.= 4 see eee ee eee 597, 612 
Osach ilar acuta - Sacasc5/s;oe leu ceras Heese merae siaee 993 Derlatuss. Sass) 9-3 see eee 597, 612 
Osprey, American 2:22 << <scenee awe ee 2 oe ee 58 PULpUTAtUS:..-2- eee ee eee eee 612 
Osteulcus:kervilleio.e asst sesenceeee ee = oe 460 Sinistripesss-- <2. 40 poe ee eee ioe ~ 906,615 
Ostracoda, in the collection of the United tibicent. 2.5 7 ae eee eee 615 
States National Museum. -...-..2-2..-2--- 335 LOMENTOSUS 0 se ae eee 615 
Ostracotheres politus. ..........- eee 545, 588 VilloSUS<!- 2 Jae oseee eee saeemeneee 597 
Ostreasts comics oc ater hes og sot eee ee 212 weddellitz..42cge seen on 596, 615 
Othonia aculeata.......----.---5- Wee eee 614 3) (Pakarichun cs ccateeses: eee eae reecieereees 45 
mirabilis. 2 seeertce cen. 22sec y-ser 614 || WPalsemon‘acanthunus:e.----=>-e- pee ceeeeee 604 
Quinque-dentata...- 222 -ceceeee= 573 aiticanus sateen eee eee eee 615 
SOxdentataee sets a sciececere seen 614 AMaAzZONnicuSs=-4) eee eee cee 604, 615 
Sex-dentatas a7. cccic cto sseeiets 573 appuni, var. aequatorialis....... 604, 615 
Opis dybowskii: setece see cea eee ose cee 156 AZtCCUS es ee eee ee ee eee 615 
Otus'semiilorques sy coe aaa sag<ilose n=l 159 brachydactylus'$..2-5-2s2-s-seeee2 615 
@unemase ye eee seo oa eee eee Nees 30 brasiliensiss.«-3- =e eee see ROLS 
Ouzel brown Japaneses --sec=- eee cee 175 cromentarius 2s. seeese eee 615 
dusky# sae ssoses Bee eee oie ie Mee 175 dasy.dactylusi2s 25. -sosce esha ee ee 615 
gray JapAnesesanceces eae ee meee cece 175 faustinussss2. 27 -ee eee ee eee eee 615 
PAle ar. Seenows ee ere se ee at oeeeeee 175 LOLCEPSE se so 552 22 Eeiaqeae tee ee eee 615 
red-tailed >. si. cone se Saceiew ascinseeae 175 gaudichaudits:s-f2----5-=se see 560, 615 
Ovalipes*bipustulatus. 22. .sce- 2-0 socece. 577, 616 jamaicensis:..-22- ease eee 615 
Owl, European long-eared............-----:- 159 lamarreis.i 32: d2 scence ee eee 615 
feather-toed SCOpS:: saccac ase oan 159 MEXICANUS She Sacer se eee eee 604, 615 
EOream bro Wiles saeitoce eooe cece eae 159 nattereni.. cic sce acces eee 604, 615 
Merriam’sispotted.-irnascccncceescaee se 59 Olfersiiizc: seGcinc-cee ae neeenmeees 604, 615 
Short-earedere se ae cee ee ie se ROO LOO punctatuse 225.22 ce -asseeeeeeees 615 
Siberian hawik. cose ctoaese eee eee es 59 Litters sc cten-scci sca e Soe 561, 604 
small-footed eagles: scl i-ccsseecoeee ose 160 sexdentatus2.-..55-0 5. scene 615 
Owlet, Japanese brown........-.---------.- 160 | Palemon gaudichaudii.................:... 560, 615 
Oxydiarcrocallinariag. cas. teen eee eee 261 macrobrachion=--> = -45--- see eee 615 
Schematica <c-2- 2 isk asc eoaeceane 261 spimimanus*-<.-..c <= =eeenteer 615 
Oystercatcher, Japanese... -...5.5..0..06000% 155'.)) PalinurusbrevipeS=.-.--20-<0 ee eeeeeeeeee ee 615 
Ozius agassizzii......... 4d vanSo sees mamas ees 586 fasciatus: S62 kos-cs eee eueaeere 560, 615 
TUSOSUS Goce ee nos. Sa eee 609, 614 frontalissisiecoe cies aoe eterno 603 
VEITCSU KI (4 so ee nice dae ee eee 586,618 inkflatuss noes: Ose. esse eee 615 
Pachycheles @rossimanus: 00. ssscse se see 559, 614 martensiii.. <o.=.-Sa.keeeeeeoeee 615 
leevidactylus........ Soa Satiete 614 OLNAtUS. se4ens Sesh nc see eee 560, 615 
TORI CANUSE-- eames tenis eee 617 peesslerl os '.c.22: vse eee oseee 615 
tuberctilipess..2:.2cse--asne cee 601 } Palinustusfrontalis................% teats 533, 603 
Pachycrepis orientalis. .........---+-----.--- 132" | Palmatopterisss----0a-¢>-ce> = eee 626, 627 
Pachygrapsus crassipes..-.5.-./5......-.-«- 089) 612) | Pansusioccidentalis.-5-+...2-22-.- cee eeeeeee 615 
InbermMed us! seme are saree 614° || Pandalusipaucidens:))-<—-6-.-- see eee 607 
leViManus\.2 aces ese eee 614 | Pandionshaliasétus.-2.-4----2-2 eee eee 159 
PUDESCENS = cas. ease Eee 589 CarolinensiSiase—-seeeeeae 58 
SsUiperoesd- Jsseockoesset 615 | Panguristes tomentosus.........-.-.--.----- 555 
transversus . 548, 589, 612, 613,614,615 | Panopeus affinis..........-.-.---...-----.- 585, 615 
‘Pachyprotasis Omegas...----acceseskoe eee eee 206 bermudensis=-c..---—-- eee 533, 542, 584 


ee eee 


—= = 


——————— 


INDEX. 






Tage. 
Panopeus bradleyi......................---- 584 
ebilensiSme se se aecs sce seee cs 542, 584, 615 
CTENSGUS 2.052.220 h52se- 3502 532, 584, 615 

DIBNUSS soe eee Sse es ceseecke eee 584,615 | 
PUTDUTCUSE aoe eee cot eat 541, 584 
GLANS VETSUS sis coe ee sess Mo 543, 615 
VAGUS 3.0 a8 os oss kts Se. ee cence 615 
IPATIMMMTUS STACHIS: S22. 222 <bocccssnbecence ces 615 
OIMAUS 2s 2.< a coscleciclnsst oxen 560, 603, 615 
MCN CUIACUS Nese ieis es etc Heck Sees ,5 « 603 
POlyPHASUS Vans. = ee ne wee deewnn a. < 615 
Parabates leucostomus................------ 202 
Paracalanus hibernicus...............-...-+- 412 
DALVUS See 2 ecean cesses cae e 406 
Paralichomolgus . 22. . =.2osoe<eccee cesses: 426 
Paralpheus spinifrons......-........-.---.-- 615 
Jef gaat) | ee a a a 432 
Paramithrax peronti.......-2+.2..2.5---+++- 573 
PAT ATIORIUEY 2.5) 2 8 es aici ctwlste csc aS 2 alates ae 289, 290 
venablesii..............-.....-.- 298 
Parapeneus goodei.........--....-.-.------- 607 
KISHINOUYEle> oo ese eee ae seen « 607 
Parartotrogus richardi..-.......--s.-2.0.2-5 433 
IPaTaStaCus @@assiZil. <22242ce-eceeaneseeee a= - 602 
Gil ensiS a= see eee 602, 610 
NaSSONe 2242 ores a 602 
TICOlEbes eS se eae Se 602 
RaTaspenhelige nie s..cco4 az een smee ces niace om "428 
RATATACINGIUS scam nen - sca ccee scarce ialontcaiee se 426 
PAL APAMOMUG oceeetacees:c oc vac Pe bcedGlee cede 204 
Har ACLASLCS cecatc a= clean ee tie ees ercmpse cds <2 oe 427 
Spheericusse-Sencewscs nce ecb ss 408 
Parathalesiris:..- ..--<2<<<s2-2+s2-- Bes cao 431, 433 
Parawestwoodia.-...<..2.secsseeccessseeceee 429 
nobilis 3 428 
Paraxanthus barbiger...........---.--- 583, 612, 615 
INITEL DES ears oe 2-2 een 583, 615 
sexdecimdentatus............. 615 
IPAMIAS MACMIALO a. <2 cocce cee e ete sescceence 112 
iparomola rathbumi_..-. 22.2222 2seece eee 533, 594 
Parthenope (Parthenope) hyponcus. ....-- 576, 613 
Passer montanus montanus.......-..---.-.- 69 
ovlentalis: = 2222 s225. 22e55 69, 169 
Passerculus sandwichiensis sand wichiensis. . . 67 
Passerina nivalis townsendi.....-...-......- 65 
IPAMTUTUS/CYANeUS.. 22-2. 26-20 see<sqeesss 209 
Peewee, western wood............-...-.--.. 61 
A CLAIMS eee Se cian. 8 /o ace ates tke sone meee 111 
Pea PACLUCHS Sn oc ceecce once seeesmeer see ss 572 
pulchella 32 s22. 282. 5actecersesatqesen 572 
Pelidna alpina sakhalina............-....... 153 
Peltarion magellanicus.................-.-.- 615 
Spimulosums.\. 2-2-0 2-2 =: 2eeeess 581,615 
OMG ergs hese Soe nctes see se cao aee 428 
Peneeus californiensis.............-........- 564, 616 
Peneus brevirostris........./.....--.-- 564, 607, 616 
Sty lirostris!.a.s2Scs22G2 22s 532 564, 607, 615 
IP entametrocrinus 3. 2. .- is cencececcc cess 331 
Penthestes kamrschatica..............-----. 72 
palustris crassirostris........-..- 172 
rufescens rufescens............... 72 
ReDIarianSD t5s.25 2-2 et sees cache ae Se see cote 365 
Perenon planissimum......... 591,609, 615, 614, 616 
He eNiCODMOV ALN lies cetrcs tits cet e cn seeek tec 574 
WINGS ates eee Me ten stemt 2 Pree x 574 


Pericrocotus cinereus intermedius. .........- 166 


{ 





669 


Page. 


Periparus ater insularis..................... 72 
CLO as eee sa see eee aes nce oa moO BO! 
behrensarius:............-..-.---cee 362, 369 
COlOTaAC Oss setae ae eee eee 362, 374 
SCLORTULCLIS pee yee ee ray et es ae 359, 366 
honestarius...................... 359, 362, 363 
Marmoratus:. -s2s..ccae cones ac selec ee 362,375 








SONU ooce eee eae eect eeea eo 359 
oOCccidentaliSae secs = see eee eae eee 362,370 
peplarioides.............. 362, 364, 365, 367, 368 

Peropusimutilatuse.--s2.s.ssas sss eeeee se oes 98 
Persephona edwardsii....................... 594 
OrbiGularis..2-sseceuccese roses 594 
LOWNSENdIS 25 se aes ee sea 594,614 
Peru, fresh-water amphipods from........._- 623 
ISOWOCS {OT = aie ene seer ee ae 79 

land shells collected by Dr. Il. Bing- 
TL QTTUL Ee ee eee 177 
marine amphipods from .............. 621 
stalk-eyed crustacea of ................ 531 
Petrel, ashy. .--.2.4=-22 eating Se bee eaharh ee 42 

Bulwewse ee sscss-eee en seee eee 41 

fork-tailed 52 s-o-ss2-eese ass ees 41 

Weach’ Seen seen eee eee ne aeee eee 41 

Petrochirus californiensis.................... 597 
Petrolisthes acanthophorus............ 600, 616, 617 
GPASSIZile eee eee se eee eee 616 
angulosus................- 599, 616, 617 
armatus.............. 558, 599, 616, 617 
GeSmMarestiimces-:. cee en eas 600, 617 
edwardsii................. 600, 616, 617 
edwardsius..................... 616 

PelAGOINUS 3.<-.5 eee areas ee 600, 616 

PTACIUIS. “ue ee sates sae 599 

Hans. .2:232.ccheee eee ee 599 
holotrichus..................... 599 

Tee yi gate oc nt =<. obsolete See ee 617 

leevigatus: 2: =3...dsecenes 600, 616, 617 

MAPeINACUS 2s ame eee 616 
occidentalis: .<02--2 soe eae eee 616 

OLtMANNI see. seeee see eee 599 
Patagonicus....2.t.22.c-sec cee G00, 617 

(Pisosoma) sinuimanus......... 599 

Politus. coc sesss cues eee ee G00, 617 

PUNCIBUUS 2s = Sse a= ee ert 599 

Telssli.. occu Sete choose eee 616 
SCXSPINOSUS<.... 3205s eee ee eee 616 

SIMIMISS 2202+ 2e ease eee 616 
SUUUIMAINUS 2a ee aeeelere = eee 599 

SPINMUIMONS se2 year ere 559, 599, 617 
tuberculatus::.:..:..2:..-:...- 600, 617 
TUDErCUIOSUS s =: s4e eae 600, 616 

VWaliduss ic.fc sucametece sees 616 

VIOIACEUS <2 s.2 cic ewan este ee 599, 617 
Retrophilarmaniila 22. aos see eee eee 74,175 
Petuschoki 2.3.5.2 4<5.eeeeseeces arse seeeee ee 65 
pachs@ican.oes.-2 esse. sence ene 155 

Phasthon candidus 2 soaas.sasese eee ce 42 
TUDMICR Uae se are eee ee ee 42 
Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus......-..-- 43 
cincinatus.........-.-.- 43 
filamentosus...............-- 43, 149 


pelagicus pelagicus..........- 44 





670 INDEX. 
Page. | Page. 
Phalacrocorax pelagicus resplendens .....--. 43) | Pisoides\crelatus=--s.-c-ss=ssehese Coe en ore 616 
penicillatus. cs so2eecs5- ss eeeee 43 ed wardSilsee seas -c-e nee 572, 613, 616 
perspicillatussssea-—--eee eee 43 tip erculosiSs= seep eae ee 572, 616 
Unies es hee oo cee 440i. Pistrak so i25 eckcioss sey saoeec eee ee eee 46 
Phalaena Bombyx tharops.......-.--------- 267 || <Bithecus/aenatusa.: o.-cs-c eee ee een eee 344 
Cltrise Ae coca cen ee eee 267 | baweanus tis.0 0 keene ancperen ete 347 
Phalarope, northern: > 3... © 22. soso . 50 | Caplitalis <P. eas 8. eee eee oore 350 
LOC. oe sie th ee 49 | Carimate iss: - 2s ok ena eee 347 
Phalaropusf{ulicarius: .2.oe.c- 4 28-bsaseoee 49 CUpidlsieeencsenee Pie Se. eh 347, 348 
Phalerispsittaculustsest see aecteeees aa atee 31 fascicularisis sc <----sejece wee 347, 350, 351 
Phasianus karpowi buturlini.............---- 156 Impyid ens sesso eee eo 350 
KALpO Wives hone eee 155 ADSI sens ayers oes eee 343 
Pheasant: Kcoreancnes ote ssa seeeeeereree 155 NaUGENSIS =. ce laie ase ees eee ees 344, 345 
PsushiMap een es me eee sees 156 Nin gee sa pecs oe eee 349 
Phigaleia septemdentata...............-2---: 616— lingtimpensiswsep ese. tee 344, 345 
Philippine Islands, new mammals from the.. 391 Mar dibularists sa seeetieeete cere cs 346, 347 
new hymenoptera from IMOLGAK ess ose ances wes eee 346, 349 
hes ascer cease 119 new species of, collected by Dr. W. 
Philippines, new arenaceous foraminifera TM bootie. creas seca eee eee 343 
{LOM GNe ac 2.e cee ose aS eee Coc eeE ea eemee 437 PHBUTaY, 335. se eee eee 343 
Phosbetria:palpebratas. 255-5. se eee 38 sirhassenensis-\-2% - 2./-25—-- epee 344, 345 
Phoenicurus@uroreus:< see:,-,.s2 eee ie ss oe 176 VAGHS 22-35 )52552 osisee ele Stele eae 346 
PhrynoOcrinus.22:4- se = 2 ees aesasee oes ee ce 115,.387~ | Pithoiquinquedentata- 5-5 es eo eee 573 
MUCUS 22-23. Dt easteca teeter 215 Sexdentata..-<=-2ee-ae ee eeeee 573, 614 
Phyllites:latifoliusac< jas secteees a Ace anes 194 || Pitta; Japanese. ss a0. cien aoc cecee cease eee 160 
Phyllopodopsyillusis 6 costa neste iets 426 NYIN Phase o-oo. ce yee ee eee eee 160 
Phylloscopus superciliosus.......------------ 174.)|; PlagiomerusS-5.:.-<2.2u- ssecsse sees roe 89 
PHVI10 CHAIESUMS 22 aris se aisteiscie)s == ci eeecieeee 431 diaspidiseat tess -= eee ~.. 89,90 
Pica pica kamtschaticea.. 2.5.02 js -tceinienics 62/4" Plagusetesielatuss- cs: ce-c eee oe ee ee 616 
SOLICA. SAh see aa Mee are ie ayaa ola 167>|" Plagusiaicapensis:-s\-ecisseese eee one 616 
IRiGUSSMaTMUS ei Sasieicewss sete Seen eeise eee 60 chabrus..-- <2 s5-: ence ee ne eee 591, 616 
Rizeon) band=tatledtss< 222 c.2< <cicis:sjeospereis ota = = 56 fal habets beeen one eso lodesaacce da 616 
MACZANOWSEUS 2 oo. sees ss x2 ceecleis=ei 156 gaimardio. 25.0. 25 se-eereenaceeee 616 
IPilEx DOP OLCHSISe sere ecco ae eae ee 460 immaculitass-.--sos-<= =e eee eee 590 
PilumMMNO Mes Ganalecn. sess eeeiee aoe soe 616 otlentaliss. 9 Sse eso soc eee 616 
perlatus-.-stc ones eeee= 544, 585, 613, 616 SOLTIPes 5 ae 26 <= ness eens See 616 
MUS Uses eee ca Saat st 585 SPINOSA., << .5<.5 com so ease ny ee eee ee 616 
Pil WMINUSWIMOSUS se oe ee eee ae ois le ses cists 585 SQUAMOSS « oions crs sesac see ce eceeee 616 
IUNStUSE = ao ceeee eee as <cmene SVOSO NOLS COMMON TOS =< << aja = oe ele nae eee 591, 616 
Spinohinswtuse= sete ssa eee 585, 609 tuberculatass<-,=.j2 22 -)oeee as ee 590, 616 
SPintilifens es -<Aase see mete ee ooze 585. ||) Planes'cly;peatus: <2 25-26. on ee eee seca 616 
Pinicola enucleator kamtschatkensis..-..-..... 64 GYaNeus: <i: % <tc cces- +e see eee ee 616 
Pinnaxodes chilensis -...............-: 587, 612,616 linneeana........ {ebeniovacoass sense 616 
MITCIPOS'S=. eae alee eee oer 616 minutus: -.. 2... 589, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614, 616 
Meinertitss. fash ee eee 587 | Planesticus migratorius propinquus......... 73 
Pinnixa Panamensis eer. eetee = gsc sels 616 | Platalea'minor......-.--.- eaten atc tenets oa tart 151 
transversalisss.22 9+ suse 546,588,616 | Platycarcinus dentatus.-...-:..-.-----.-:--< 616 
VAlGIviensisiss Asem pee ease 588 ediwardsil i o22 25.) cl eames 616 
Pinnoteres silvestris +: c.-ceeoseesee ese ee 587 | inroratus sees ee oe eee 616 
Pinnotherelia leevigata...................- 546,588 | LON giPeS <.2\5-c012 he eee 616 
Pinnotheres bipunctatum ...............-.-- 587") Platychelipus cc ses. <2 2 eee ete 425 
chilensis's.5..22-t2ecees sone a 5875616) | MPlatycrinuss.- 9-20. -\52-e- eee eee eee 211 
Margarita: j.kceesa eee ane 587. |- Platymera gaudichaudil: -<--1 2225 ese 593 
Silvestrii...2- << SiS. Scenes ee 587 | Platyonichus bipustulatus.................. 577 
transversalis:. -2j)-ecteenees ser 546,616 | Platypodia gemmata.....-.....=....-....... 584 
Pintail’s. 32 s-dh. eee oases eee 45 TOLUNGatas ats — 5 eee 584, 610, 611 
Pipastes maculatus.......-....-.2.:-:-2---s TISL71 I Platypterieluuw se cea. see <seet-ee eee 625 
Pipilo maculatus oregonius....:..5...5-..-<4 68 densinervess<s--ss-e= eee 638 
Pipit, sAumerican. -SAseosce nee see ener 71 | rogersianum.......-. wee steer 638 
Blyth’s.2-22s2+..2-e-sssesees-22e2,2- 270 || wBlatyscelioiabnonmistct. 2 --ee neater 126 
eastern treet .2 25-2 oie baa ae 71,171 | Platyxanthus crenulatus...-..---.-.:------ 540, 582 
Indian: tree 2. ek ccke os season eee 171 orbignyi. ..-.-<-------2- 939,082,618 
Japanese ‘alpine. = = S-cc.2s-seee aoe eee 71 | Rleopis leuckantiz2 = --o- 22 =-- eee sees 434 
Pirimela chilensisis.-ess5-cn2seceeee eee 609 | Pleuroncodes monodon........------------ 602, 612 
Pisayactileatas=.c<.22 oa 52. dilate sem. eee 616 Pleuronichthys coenosus...-..----- 277, 282, 284, 287 
SpinipeS s..7/2. cence eee eee 575, 616 COMNUTUS So - ea aera 277,278,279 
Pisobia‘damacensiss.*-0 4.0 .2ss-s= acne eeeree 50 | Gecurrens.- 2-40 see eee 277,278 


ee Se: 


: 





INDEX. 


Page. 


Pleuronichthys, flounders belonging to the 














PONUSs nc cece eee seek hace 277 
nephelus.............. 277, 282 
ocellatus: <2... 22 asc. ee 277, 285, 287 
FICleL) . 3. odcc5cs< .. 277, 284, 285, 287 
verticalis.......... 277, 278, 280, 281 
Plover, Hodgson’s ringed................. 155 
little ring........ tite hes, he PO a ee 155 | 
IMONPOMEI  seciceec<.doacecececs caee ke 155 | 
PACIIC SOlMEN nea + noes ce <s2 a= 154 
Podagrion ashmeadi...... eens = Sees! Se cise see 128 
PHU PPINEUSIS 2 226. ews. 128 
OO a iam a| OF eee etc. seca bikes cscs 268 | 
MMIS AMG Ges oe. a/ scien cigs cece ene e 267 
OUSVOGHUSie....2ccs5 seace les cceceese 267 
PBOUOGANDUS se ccs seo cc ac ote e ee avec dees ccs 185 
‘Podochela margaritaria.................-... 570 
Podon intermidius....................-..- 409, 434 
LeuCkartlen seco 2-2 eso 409, 434, 485 
polyphemoides...................---- 434 
Podophthalmus vigil............-...-------- 609 
POU OZAIIMNIGCS 2 co ete c cts cert) ee aie axe eee ar 186 
Seubuoliuss 2222 022% cece be 2s 193 
SVETITTLS Sree A eerie = ete, cara 194 
ineequilateralis............-.--- 194 
Pogue, Joseph E., Sand-barites from Kharga, 
EAE Vi Dee ene ns En nome ei Seek: 2 17 
LEO) VEZ =| bch ett a 240 
OCOS Sees eens Sea ete ee aoe ree 3 241 
PEL LIGL eevee ae eee yer cere chen ve ies ale 2 240 
GIIWACCA = 15 octae se Siete oe wield oni ae stb eaccs 242 
SOUS LIS seers re Se ie acc nh ee ina 242 | 
DMAMOCY Ta ae = ee ge es Seo ec eA 241 
WSHCCECUS em detent ooo eb sinn tem ceteed o 241 
POC OLA eee css aoe ete tee hens 241,242 
SQMUMM anaes oe 2.5 crseres a aaa. capaepere S ocrere-< 240 
SUITE OU S ets ose oe ancee Raat ed cndva = siwiee & 55rs3 242 
Poliomyias ferruginea..............--.....-- 165 
POMATCClCTATIG -<<o ccc cc s.6cckecécccceeseecess 262 
MEMErALIA. se. 5-2 ese sec cote s Satine 262 
EPC AAG Actas oe iis hee ee oes ciala. are 262 
Polybates secundus....................-.--- 202 
Polydactylus octonemus.............-.--.-- 138 
Polyodontophis collaris..................... 103 
Polyonyx tuberculipes.....................- 601 
Polypedates buergeri..-...-......-......---- 97 
Cl PELs ree Paes ease eee 97 
japonicus.................----. 97 
moltrechti..................--- 92,97 
TODUSWIS2 225 sce seeee ee ee ees es 92,97 
POMVPOCTUIN. £2). 5s. ccinceecccckecescess Htasc0- 626 
Romatomus saltatrix..........-2-5ceceececes 138 
IPOMOXIS Sparoides ..... ....:.2..222--seees 00 305 
HONS AD OM ete hn cca ct basaad Mee ajaaseaid 38 
POM TAMIA ES WIT ais Soc oad cece cemeel ns eee 199 
UN aswel ees ae% calc scion 198 
Pontella Mead seco. oeiceccee cee. sass 407, 435 
MOSS Spore Rae ct BES Se a oe Siecre 413 
Pontellopsis:Tegalists 2...22c + zcndac<cnct sens 413, 497 
IZOMLOPOMCESE sail Peace oe at och otras ees ora batnc 425 
Porcellana acanthophora................... 600, 616 
QMIMIS Fosche cece toc fae armas eo 616 
ANPUIOSHe eestt eek coe cm a: eee 109) 616 
STV ALA Se ot han Seas oe sii 558, 616 
DOSCII See faees Spec ee eke oc . 616 
CATING Let eae ene ees nc = Catala cela a 616 
CHIStALA ae oa e emma cis eae we 935 os 617 


671 


Page. 








Bistate hi alatetofoter= sn = shale eesertaree soe 617 
desmarestii.................... 600, 617 

CU Dine eee see eee ees 617 

edwatdsSilt <2 i23...2 255s oseec.2 600, 617 

palathina: 222550. 4-4 4 sss see ee 600, 617 

BYANWIOSAE © occ ecisienic cs 3 Se sa ee 617 
grossimana................. z... 999,617 

FUNG achileme 2 oe ee ee 558, 617 
levigata....................... 600, 617 

TOOT te eee da, 617 
lobifrons........2...0.0.2..0...... 617 
macrocheles...................... 617 

TAPING age eee eee eee 617 

HULA See ee 601 
(Pachycheles) crassa............. 617 
patagponicas.. 22.2. -22s..22-...) 600. 617 

DOU ene eeee ne: See . 600,617 
pulchellula....-...:......:...00. 601 
punctata.. eee er 599, 617 
S@XSpin0Sa:...........-22-:...-<- 617 
Spinifrons..2.-5-.....22:.-.22s. 559, 617 

SUPIQUS Se nee nes nc ee eee ee 617 
tuberculata...................... 617 
tuberculifrons.................... 617 
tuberculosa.....................- 617 

5201 Sipe eee cane eee, 617 
Wl0lacea......-- 22-5 .20+.+5ses~ 599, 617 
Porcellanopagurus platei.................... 598 
Porcellanopsis fest .........22...222-..-..-. 601 
orcellidiumin gasses eee ee a eee 427 
OVICHURYS o-eeeee eine hae 2 ee 513, 514, 515, 525 
Portunus (Achelous) angustus .............. 578 
brevimanus.......... 578, 609 
spinimanus........... 577, 609 
stanfordi............... 578 

ACUMINALUS. .Shscc seek eceeeeee 614 
panamensis...................- 614 
(Portunus) acuminatus...... 538,57 7,609 
panamensis...... 577,609,610 

UransVersuS ces ase 577 

KAN DUS) cosas oe 577 

SPinimanus 22-4 4..2s525- 2s) sees 577 

GEaANS Versus. 22.2.2. cose eee 614 

KANUUSIon es ose ee ee ee 614 

Potamia chilensis..........0....22-2...-.. 579, 617 
dentate: ote. ceecc ous cee Se eee 617 
Potamocarcinus equatorialis...2......-... 579, 617 
Gentatus......2...).22 2522-2 617 

MACYOPUS. ..22.0-600-c-eeneoue 617 
Dlanus=-2..c-2de cee. ee 617 
principesse................-. 617 
reflexifrons............... 579, 617 

Potamon (Geothelphusa) chilensis..... 578,612,618 
Pr@0SPerGitus J. ..<.sseatcce we asee se eee eeee 459 
eratincola MAUlas.....s2seees sees ee eens 176 
Prionoplax ciliate «-2-..2.cesee-seeeemeeseeees 617 
GIA GUS 2 eee ee ee 587,618 
Spinicarpus-.sc- -2.2ss-eeeeece eee 617 
Prionotus-punctatus. <. . -cce.c22c.1---cecsnn 140 
LL TS = eee ee ae eee oie 140 
Pristiphora banks! -. 22... secusee-Sececcsnes- 200 
GYVaLl werekise soe acetone - 200 

1d1Otaie co eter eee eee eee eee 200 
Tdiotiformis:< 25..2-<2+se4ns-ssece 199 

Pallicoxa~. essen. see ses eee eee 200 
PLOISOCTINUS2 ceetu sates ech =a o3 n= nae = 387. 390 
anew genus of recent crinoids... 387 


PUDEVTEMUS sso cae yee ec eciegeos 387, 390 





672 INDEX, 

Page. Page. 
Proparoides:Owstoniee--o=-seeee ee eee eee 172) |e tarmicanyiNelsonssess-2 ee see ee eee 55 
varius castaneoventris.......--- 172 Ridgway!Smer -cecceees crete ae 56 
VaniUs) | ec eeeeeeee 172 MUNN S a as setae eee ee 55 
Proreus lactiors secs. sone eee ee eon eee 458 Willows 20s Coe perce eee 54 
ludekingit -sssssee. see sere eee 458 | Pteronus antennatus .......-.-.--.---------- 198 
IMANOL 523 oer ees eee ee 458 OChTreatuse sees ce eee eee 198 
SODTIUS Siectet ere eee eer nee 458 Tufocinctus eas eee ea eae 198 
VALIOPICCUS cess oe eee eee 452 SPterophryneisibbae= sss. es eee 145 
Prosacautha robertia.. 2-0-2. eee eee eae 125 NiShrios. coke Chae 145 
S(piaticeps: an. cance uate eer 1265/-Pitéroplates machina sce. ete eae eee 135 
Prosopis wlifloras: 22 sen -2 sn se eee 381) | Pteropusipumilusss. 2 ese. se lee aee ee eee 394 
Psalisiamenicanayse eee eee eee 446, 447 SPECIOSUSE, sare We ee ee ee 394 
Gincticolliss.c) 22 eee eee AdT |) IP tilocrimust «92 sees eo cee eee 115, 215 
Columbiana esse. seer eeee eee eens -, 446. Piva Ikormoszeceecces ene ee oe eee 106 
paeating sey. eeeee eee eee 446, 447, 465 IMMUIGOSUS ace eck ene eee 106 
PErCherOln-caccnc see ee ce eee Bese 445,465 | Ptychoramphus aleuticus............-.----- 31 
DUICHTAR sale tee Sea se ee eee eee = 44654605 | Ptvnaxsf 0S CeSCen Ss.2= eae eee eee ee 159 
TOSeNDELEd cee eerias nie cee emcee ose 446.0) sPurthin) NOL ed a sei. eee ce eee eee 31 
Psaltriparus minimns saturatus......-----.- 13 fufted’s 3552552602 nose eee eee 29 
PSam athens ccs sen eee eee eae 430)"| Puihnusieriseusas. 2 sae. ase eee eee 40 
iRsamuiophis collarisseccs oc. ese ceaseee 103 lewcomelas? = sseuse ee see ee Sse beee 40,149 
migroltasciatust=c-—*sssse ese 105 LEMULTOStrISiss. see se eee eee ees 40 
pulverulentus=~.scceecces <= =. 94107 >| Pygathnixdlaviciudas=9.-steenesee-es eee 352 

Pseudagkistrodon: -.-5---ssceeeccees eee == 104 new species of, collected by Dr. 
Carinatus: 22s 1aere see seee 104 W... Jos Abbotts ace sesercee essere 343 
Pseudanthessiulss Sosy se 56s Sessa ta = = 425 ObSCUTaR Has sos eee eee 352 
Rseudeniphiatnispr da: soe evasion ee 617 CALEDON cheese seen 351 
Pseudhapigia misericordia ........--.------- 258 SAaNCtorimm a2 eee ace eee 351 
KOLO Se ove os ee eee 259 WbiMae. 2 eee eee 12eeB438,351 
Pseudo pradyaet ass cote teen te weet 431 || Pygidicrana peruvianaes- ss. 5 -aesee eee 445, 465 
Pseudocalanus elongatus .........----------- 406 WADI STUN se as fecha ere 444 
Pseudocletodes variensis .....-.-..---------- 433) || (Pyragray bru une ne. s- == ee. se-e ea 445 
Pseudocorystes armatus)..-. <2). 2<<.js-.--- 576, 617 DUSCKI 228 tiene casos eee eee 445 
siCaniuSwerer cee tc asa Sec 576, 617 Gohmi: -.. 3252) soso cace Seas 445, 465 
Pseudodiaptomus coronatus .......-.------ 407, 412 fuscataee syle ee ee ee ee 445, 465 
Pseudogeranus leucauchen .......-..-------- 152 PalagUayeUSiSse eo. — eee er eee 445 
Pseudolaophonte aculeata...........--.----- 433) (Pyrinia Castamaa. sec anscee ce e-ee seer eee 262 
Pseudolichomolguss e-em eseace sect ee =e eee = 426 MUM SOLA tas eran ee eee 262 
Pseudosphex melanogen:......-.--..---...-.- 229 | Pyrrhula pyrrhula griseiventris.........---.- 168 
DOliSteS Nae seee eis iats ses oii ae 299 kamitschatic¢as =. 35---—-- 64 
Pseudosquillatbigelowwaler rp = =< << tetas lola 608: | -Quadrella coronate ss 22-2 s-seesceeen eer ees 586 
JOSSOMMIP ake 565, 608, 618 MUI Ge 2 Sete eee soe eens eee 617 
styliferas een ens ese ae G08}612")|, Quail, Vapanese ss. eee 156 
Pseudothalestris\- see" -2s oes eee yearn ees 477) Ranwadenopleuras--n-eee-eeeeeeneeeeeee 2, 96, 97 
Pseudothelphusa eequatorialis ............--- 579 eiffingert.s. fur tt ee 2 ge see eee eee 97 
CapWtlie ee a. -ee = 579, 610, 613, 617 ery thre co-e Aes ee eee eee eee 97 
Chilensiss225.c22 S =e ee ae 579 kubhitt |. 222 $2 eee eee 96 
CONTAGL 25-53): 52a as pees 579 latouchil’? 2. Meso baa eee eee eee 95 
dentata...... 579, 610, 611, 617, 618 limnocharis:-*s...2 sense eee eee 95 
ecuadorensis =e. ao-2 579, 617 JONGICTUS Me SS eee eee ee eee ee 92,95 
gracilipess tree sae 617 MOFteNSEN Sse eeee eR ee 96 
Nhenvicit sca seeeee sae asec 579 namiyelis.c. 2) etoselee eee 96 
lindigiand-s2.t----.e5s- 578, 617 plancyiss.~ - 53240 - tee oe eee 91,95 
MACKOPAS= 225-4 eens 579, 610, 617 pleuraden) Sess ,e- ~jsses ee oe eee 96, 97 
var. plana.....--- 617 sautert. 2. == oe cageaasss ease ee ee 92,96 
NOVI eee eee eee 579 Swinhoana:.226 + es a. ee eee 92, 95 
DOLUVIaNA cea be sees 579 taipehensis)..: 2.202: --acres sesame 92, 96, 97 
plana... 2 esscs Sere eee 579, 617 biGerinia., 2.2. =<. sae eeteenee eee --- 91,96 
reflexifrons|)s62. sseee ee 579,617 il) Rasbojmik. 2-02 se Yee eee eee 34 

tenuipes css Seen ee 617 | Rathbun, Mary J., The stalk-eyed crustacea 
Pseudoxenodon dorsalis ...-...-......-..--.- 104 of Peru and the adjacent coast..........-..- 531 
MACLOPSEeo aie eee eee 104 | Raven, Commander Island............-- Nee 63 
stelnegeriias io 2. esc eee 104 | Japaneses.) 0s eens soe Se 63, 167 
Psylledontus insidiosus ss.----- 22 se ose. o eee 89 | Kamchatkan\32- 5 2 -s. scene 63 
Ptarmigan, Alexander’s willow. ...........-- 51 | MOLbNEMM = eaten ke sos ee Soe CRE ee 62 
PASEULS eoctew io ersretetotsioe ais aeteretettentter at do! Redstart; Daurian’ s. eecee- soe eee eee 176 





INDEX. 673 
Page. | Page. 
Remipesgdactylus.........0...0.c eee cone ees 603 | Sapindopsis oregonensis..................... 637 
testudinarius, var. denticulatifrons. 595 Parvilolia-,J.....20-.-2 640 
Remiz consobrinus suffusus. ...... Eon scene 173 TENUONNCGWIS 2 25 ct a sa2-- see 642, 643 
Reophax bacillaris..............00.0..2..00- 438 variabillS... .. 2.05520 639, 641, 643, 644 
pseudobacillaris................... 438 | Sapphirina gemma.......................... 409 
SCOUPIUNUS 25> sys oe ah ote ee sae 441 | Sarcinatrix anomalia........................ 461 
spiculifenie sacs. wcorsss Bee ee 438 TENN G5 c2o2 e225. ceteewsseess 2 oe 461 
SPICUOUeSTUSS 2 85a 25th cece 438) | SCHUD 2). 5428 -setagas nosecek ene n oe eetes Hee 45 
Reptiles of Formosa...............2....-..-. 91 | Schizeea dichotoma.......................... 627 
Rhacophorus japonicus. .................-..- 87 | Clemens eee eee eee 627 
molirechti..<22.< s20-.c--.2s- + 97 | Scincus smaragdinus........................ 100 
MOWUSUUS eee se oes ee ane 97 ViridipunctusJesose cnc. eee 100 
RUMI PICO DLELiGuece <a eae omer 626,628 | Scolopax rusticola..............2.2...22000. 153 
RUDI ZOGLINUS ene aes See ee he orale 115,214 | Seommber’colias 320.22.4.2.--.25s 025s eee 327, 328 
lofotensisaee ss. 2. 2-2 oe = Ae 215 japonious...~ 22 5.5.5.0.224.c2e0 ses bol, 828 
WENT ete con let os eS 215 | Scoter, American......................-..0-- 46 
Rhodiapyriformis:.........0.2.52..-....2: 573, 617 Sle} Megen/se2 ee oe. conse tenes eee 46 
Rhogas autograph... ... ia ioe yn eee oc 381 SUMP oo ore span Ss epea ee ete zaen ee 46 
Uhombus parts... .455- 2.26 becaectwe senses < 139 Whilte-winged 2222.5 12.0. ees sssneeer 46 
Rhynchocinetes typus................----- 562) 605))| SCUlpIny ATCHIC I. 25 sens een ek os cee aerate 508 
Rhynchothalestris.....................22-+-- 432 from Lake Ontario, a new species of. 75 
Richardson, Harriet, Description of n new Greenland. 22. [22-22-22 anes 509 
parasitic isopod from Seyllarus delfini 2222.2: 42.4) 8ae= see tee 603, 610 
the Hawaiian Islands 645 | Scyracepon hawaiiensis..................... 645 
Report on isopods from tubercwlosa. 22. .222-2222s2. cee 645 
Peru, collected by Scyramathia carpenteri.................2... 647 
Dr. R. E. Coker..... 79°) Selasphorusirufus- << ---222-522228-00 02st 61 
Riparia viparia’..... 2.2.25 -2.secestececceecac- 1707 |) Selenia belisamac-2 2. 22-<--2- 206. cease 264 
Ruissa DIeVirostris..-/.- 22-2222 .nceeeseteces 35 MOGGs 2 ce. aot eee nero ee 263 
tridactyle pollicaris.....--..-:-...--..: BO: |MSClESENN se see cso oe Seale west ste ee ee 45 
Rohertsonia...............-----2.22----2---- 430 | Sesarma eequatorialis.....................--- 590 
Rghin, eastern .....--...-------------2------ 176 BNEUStA es eee tee cece eee ea 590 
WOSLOINS Soe cc--t ewaeee sioane sacaees 73 barbata............................ 617 
mopersia longifolia;. -< <5. 2 =. sece ase renee 640 barbimanum....................... 590 
Rohwer, 8. A., On a collection of Tenthredi- (Holometopus) angustum.......... 590 
noidea from eastern Canada. ...........-.- 197 feste............... 590 
EGG IG ULM CSC Sarria sirens vss tenon on 161 occidentale. ........ 590 
Rudbeckia amplexicaulis................--.. 296 occidentalis. ......................- 590 
Russian souvenirs, the Gustavus Vasa Fox Disoniese 60.9 oe ee ee 617 
collection OL. istehe awe cede sata siete fads aie aie 'a5's 1 pisorilinaeate =< Suisse co eee ;-- 548, 617 
Sa’angitsch............-..--+--+-2+2++--++0+- 45 (Sesarma) «wquatorialis..... 55 ae 590 
Saaitschitsch.........-....-----++++-++-++++- 45 barbimanum...........-. 590 
Safka Ge aerate 5; eam aaa Tak 45 ophioderma...........-- 590 
Sagenina divaricans.........-...-.-.-+--++-- aol Setella gracilis................22...cceeeeeeee 407 
Salmo alipes Mies ia icaa Sey amacrine UR aed Sharpe, Richard W., Notes on the marine 
ULL UIS2 ees sete aera se eee en 504 
. . copepoda and clado- 
aD Bao etree eee 507 cera of Woods Hole 
MUGSONICUS Fasc ciccresin es cic weis wxic'eioe.ctesic 505 ; 2 : 
. and adjacent regions, 
immaculatus................--- 504; 505, 507 including a synopsis 
‘trutta. Cea nian artnet a) eile oe. a oe of the genera of the 
Salvelinus fontinalis. belciesecs teresa dee. DU3;000; 506 Harpacticoida....... 405 
MATOS tee scence sane ee 507 
; = Eine on some _ ostracoda, 
L stagnalis ane tanie a 7a ae 508, 507 mostly new, in the col- 
amen ZIM SNANS 5.5 cece wns ce sicesces nes 272 loatis erties 
; ection of the United 
Sand-barites from Kharga, Egypt........... 17 Sintes (Nattonal’ trae 
Sandpiper; Aleutian. =: .22...22.-..2--2..223 50 Sane 335 
Sa mou | Shearwater, eens ioe e 40 
red-backed..................--.- 153 | ates Pein Set 2 - 
Sapindopsis brevifolia...........-...--.2---- 644 Peat rae eons ae 
cordate eee 639 | Sheldrake, TMGGY << .2.c8sac0 sanleciectne seaiacels 150 
elliptic pe 6490 | Shells, land, from Peru, collected by Dr. I. 
fossil plants of the genus, from | Bingham .....-..------+-+--++++e+seeeeee- V7 
the Potomac group........... 625 | Shells of the genus Conus from the Pacific 
magnifolia............ 640, 641, 642, 643 Coast of America ...........--------+-+++-- 217 
obtusifolig.. sass. esos. seas 640;.642" | (Shirako-bato..2. 2.22. ---2-2s.cen<c-ceemerene 156 


Proe. N. M. vol.38—10——-43 


674 INDEX. 

Page. | Page. 
Shrike, Chinese red-tailed......-.....2--2.-. AOS SQvalla@u bias > aoe oo ee sae ee 565, 608, 618 
thick-billed:-s.25 50 <<: Reese eae tee 170 | lesson... - 52k. 2o2.5n355s uses ae eet 565, 618 
Sibynophis collaris ............---.---.2---+- 103 IMONOCETOS.\<: 5-2 duce gehen gestae 5 G18 
Simotesiformosanus=.2 2-2 s-ee ee eeeee: fee sae 106 NODA Sosa. sovse cts eR Aes eee 618 
Simex: cressonil 9). 3-20 sncn on) se eee 209 | Parvaes) 4.702 CR ee 618 
Skalistes\cacaoensiss: ss pee -errsetene ae eke 462 spinifronsiss eee ce Ce eee 618 
SUD TIS ee sae o- Oat ene eee 462,465") -StaniRe scot-o =. co ances tomar 32 

Skylark, Kamehatkane. 2 ..jossanc-2-nene ss 62,166 | Starks, Edwin Chapin, and William Francis 

PPATtanyse. spo sec see e hence 166 | Thompson, A review of the flounders be- 
Sniepino ive nic ses as aes eine te oo 65 longing to the genus Pleuronichthys ....-- 277 
Snipe; easter =. 25-2 = Gace eee ere ee 153i | wp barlinghpray.. 2k o2- 52 eee ee ae ee 168 

Japanese solitary......- sof asiteneseae 153 | Stejneger, Leonhard, The batrachians and rep- 
Tonite Sas arte one oe ete 153 bieS}ORMM OFM OSats== == see a ea eee 91 
Rivein Hoes cress es nes ee 153/-|: Stellifers®nceolatus: 22.22) sasves See 139 
Sohecodogastra texana......----.i2-2-2s5-2- 291 | Stenaspilates apapinaria.........2.5.2.5.---- 263 
Solenolambrus arcuatus....-.- acs SeReetee 576, 617 rectissimans : 2sc<ms2e-ioc eee 263 
LYDICUS 2 Cee anes seeeeeieee 617 i Stenkeliace ss 2. oe seen ae ne 428, 429; 433 
Somatenia veniprains- 3. = sens as swe ans 46) |p Stemheliopels..22 } ait. a tectr es ele rieeaee 426 
Spaerattiaarmatatssg ace See ec cece eres 457,465 | Stenocionops oyata s: Yjo.2. 1: 2... eer 574, 616 
fla vinenm ta. 4o ssc eiielemcessnsoee 22/4575 465\"|, Spenocopiaie pce = ose eee eee eee 432. 
AIM MG arse Ae eRe NT a 457,465 | Stenophyes disparilis .<.... /2. 2... 2sces-2se- 271 
pelvimetra sos eas cee aaa 457 | Stenoptycha...... ee REE ie, Ce SE 272 
Var.rufing 22.2022 465°) Stenorynchugwebilis..-=s-ca-4s2 acs 2 eee 570, 613 
Spatrow, Aleutian song =.) 22.2.3 <2 e-s Bee 67+) ‘StenothoG:assumiliss 52222 oi ke sccstenesee see 621 
Gasterm:treeusskrs cases eset ees 169 Pallgaeisn Jose eee eee 621 
ING Gall see ers ye ae teers 67 Validhet 50. Se Sone -ctosesee ems 621 
TUSUYASOUP seca cee ce aaa 67 | Stercorarius longicaudus........-......-.-... 34 
SAMOWACH. oo sees octets see es 67 parekiticusy. 229s: ae ose 34 
UDCO Meme cre Some pnc soe esse istate etait 69 POMBLIMUS. 35225. sone 34 
Speocarcinus granulimanus ......--.---.-.-- 545 >| Sterna paradisseste soe 1. So -eieeie nels eels 37 
ostrearicolaz2sc.ssececs see 545, 587 Sinensis. sawe sce etcsee ace ee eens 37,149 
Spherammina ovalis.s.2 22 S22 22 se ao 439) 440) | Stickleback. - 5s cae 5222525. ces aoe eee sass 508 
Spheroma peruvianum......-...-...--- Be Sl. |uetictonomisge =: post gossamer Sateen 289 
Sphecosoma angustatum ..........-.-..--- 299, 30! Stint; long-toed's. tt - s.r: sober ateeeis 50 
Migrilennaeeet cere se eee ee 299: | Stone-chat, eastemmts-- 522 et gos ens eee ae 176 
Sphenomorphus indicus..............-.-.-.-. 99) || “Stork; Japanese: 3a: sy. at ead doeesmeiterte 151 
SphenoOpteris = 223. eyeesemaisioe «2 se. calees 626: || ‘Stratospongillac ss Sas 4-2 52a. ceeeecceees 183 
cumei nda ye pees ars 22 4.545 627,632" |S brimmiae Secs ce. hase oss se cieeee sees 159 
debilior2 eater, se iss ettete 627 occidentale caurinum.................. 59 
GissectifOrms ee 2 ese s sh ss.ckcie= 632 | Strongylogaster pallipes ..... see ae ree 203 
flae lin arses ck oe one eieinis. 6a aye 630, 632 TUBripes.- 68 n= oe eee 204 
Alabellisectars-.deecc-aec ne 627, 631 soricilapripeS:....-sc-o eee 203 
tenellisectatemq-csseeceetecee 627, 631 Gacituye 6 Son see sees 203 
tenulssarac. ses enoeee ose 627,632 | Strongylogasteroidea terminalis ........-..-- 206 
Spheroides testudineus...........-....-.-- so 6 140. SStixplekss sees aaa ee LEO oot: regen 29 
Sphingolabis: Dusctkiswe..- see eee sne eee 446 | Sturmofka........ Solo Eathe ab ene eee eee 41 
SCH War7zisse-t acres: seas nee ae 463°) Sulaleucogastrass-- o-teasces see eee 42 
Spirolinavagelutinans. 32 =... esse enna 44). Sanaristes--© 4. nsdn eee 425, 429 
Spodiopsar cineraceus..- 1... 5-<+--- sees 2-558 168 | ‘Surniasulula doliata>.-- vu: s-5 cae. eee 59 
Spondylus¥ecoesestrete nee oe a eesieateree 212: Subhora fulvicauda 2. -ec- eee ees 173 
Sponge, fresh-water, Ephydatia japonica, and FeOneaM) « 2 52)5.5.2215 eo 7seeeeeeee 173 

Lis allies coset sacs io ea aoe eee ee 649 lonpicanda\ 522 -25544-56 seer 17 

Sponges, fresh-water, a new species of, from Manchtitiane 2 a--ee2 es cceeeieceeer= 173 
Qhinays2 2 Soi esn.. aie Sesser naceener 183 man dschurica 4 242-5--4 sees eaeae 173 
Spongilla fluviatilis, var. japonica... -..-.- 649, 650 webbiana mandschurica.........-.- 173 
from China, anew species of ...... 183 webbiana.. «<3 29. 4a= 173 
(Stratospongilla) sinensis.....-.... 1183',| eS wishUNnes es. occu Jee eens a. aed 33 
Spongiphora apicedentata............- ele 45% | Swallow, banks. csees--- cee eee 170 
brunneipennis.......+...-. s seen 1a4bT, DAMN: ... os ee eee se eee eee oars 69 
ehilianiiies ccc eee eee 457, 465 brown-bellieds. 2 -sasreer en eens 69 
rnsignisk<2osee eee 52 457, 465 easternichiminey:: 22-7. se ese = 69,170 
pYLMas ES ese eae 457,465. )| (Swan, WHOOPCTi 2.425. 5- 2 --1-, se ena 151 
Spoonbill, Swinhoe’s black-faced.........--.. 151) | “Swift, neadle-tailed- S222. - a eee 163 
Squilla actileatasox sea. foot cee sees 608, 618 white-riumiped joes See eee cca 61,163 
aDMlatar.. Jiao sia Sas ac aek eee 608,618 | Sylviocarcinus:devillei..... .. ja ss eeaee- == 618 
Cerisile<2 25. sc s-coe neem eee 565, 618 latidens'\ = 21.2 -seasesetaane cer 580 










INDEX. 


Page. 


Sylviocarcinus peruvianus................- 580, 618 
pymphurus plagivsa:=:.2222..0.222..2..0-s.- 145 
MUSUIUSS = ssc eee ston See 145 
Syl piesisrugitNorax. 2.2.02 we aon ewe ses 133 
Synalpheus digueti ecuadorensis............. 606 
WAS LClse nme. Sarr enn eats 562, 606 
Fockin stonitsccecs 222 scceas = te 606, 610 
MEPUUNMUS 252 yea selene te cisis S- 618 
SPMMOUS sas- sa eee ee eae 606, 610, 615 
townsendi peruvianus......... 563, 606 
Syngnathus crinigerum........:.::.:::-.. --- 137 
HOVIG ss. setae. ese tece eas 137 | 
LOUISIANE sss sees Sos eeee a aeons 137 
Scovellsccco. asses tac5- So cc cise 137 
PyNodus ietens <2 52-2 2552-22-240-c050 atocaes lot 
Synthliboramphus antiquus...............-. 32 
wumizusume.........-.- 149 
PAYEMIUN WG we 5 5c Soe cd a sisloa ts,s cc ce see oct 159 
Machidius DrevicOrnis: -<. 22 csi s-ts006 02s 408, 422 
TGtOTalSs ca sae. sites sie sis ce sc%in.s 408 
Tachydromus septentrionalis............... 101 
Tachyspiza soloensis...........----- sain siaisicists 157 
Teeniopteris auriculatum.........-...-..--.- 634 
bertranGiz. © s.cee2. soon sees. 632 
fossil plants of the genus, from 
the Potomac group........... 625 
MUMS. 6s f2s2st. ces. ete 632, 633 
MEL V OSU eee ae asa aes ene =e oe 634 
WIDURUD See areca aceasta 632 | 
iakydromus formasanus.'.--..2--:0-+-i25- 92 | 
KUCH Close n oon cat's soe = ooo 101 
Meneses eee eens eee eee es 2 
SQULCDIS J ies 22a Gee.ccGtossceaee 92,101 
Septentnionalis. ss2s.2acccame sts 101 
WOLtEL ee stieisisc ete eethasaa, 101 
MapHOZOUSPlULOs se Jo. kiseece eo. ee ees 396 
SACCOMMMUS 2 eee asc se aces 396 
Marsiistraverculus: 21.0.2 2c scenes ste sone 404 
Puilippensis= 22s... cece acess 2th 404 
MPACler, OTICNtal <6 oecnc ce Sesasee eo tkeet es ees 154 
WANTS), och suit ace sees = ck cet 50 
Pax OOM eee nena nicest 186 
MAXONUS MUICOLOLS. cose sees a cA eee seis 204 
CRAKS 5 ncfeaieseiaie zisiareo sieinis's aisle soto eee Saas e's '5 oS 186 
Meal Malcated 22). <i2 ssnc.sciseeassfacecle ts <e 150 
PTECM-WINBED oiciciaie Sis sic.e om sceeeisisw's se ois 45 
SPeCtacled < cee eo cashe eet ees acn sted. 150 
Sy cob ist cee wote cee este eee ss =cut 427 
leophrysieristulipes. 2... 222-22. -.s<- 536,575, 614 
elphusa dentate... 5. -.cie veeeece oe ef 579,618 
quadrata. oso. .s2528se.- cao. Ss 618 
PRETITCS Qe ls hee cres Me etnies olde ea cee Sac 182 
PREMOLA LONPICOMIS 5... s6scece ees ss aki ---- 406, 435 
Temorella affinis, var. hirundoides........... 411 
Tenthredinoidea from eastern Canada ....... 197 
BRenthredoOlAproniima: Je. ee les.< so SR ee a crasn's ore 203 
BNPUMECLA Ys dee tee 2 atest Sse 208 
CIV GPECNSsosees.w cod carcscetemea% sic 208 
Giversiceps''x oot tos iadaeaeis es 208 
(Emphytus) coronata...........- 203 
Mortwlanase = 2. see. 201 
Pumilao: eS ssso 4-3 201 
PrON MIS ses Peete acc eeeee ess 207 
[nnieataen esemise tee eee tas a 207 
mellina...... Se Ree eeah ata cae fe 207 


ODMGUAtUSE ste ee ane ee eee 208 








675 


Page. 


Tenthredo rufipes..................... SEdewes 208 
TULOPeCtUS 01. cj ee ore cect ecto 207 
SQMMCOMMS soe = eee en ae 208 
Semin naa= sae sce ce eee eee 207 
EYCUIS et cet p= ae ee ato eee ee 208 
VeLLIGAlISer «2-2:cark clear eee 208 

EMGETIyPATCUC Ines 55a oe Orta 07s de a 37 

oriental lesser... .....2.2....2.2-000-- 37, 149 

Terpsiphone atrocaudata...................- 164 

MetrabOnicCepsa<< 4gs ce sden- ecee anaes. es sees 426 

UGPAO AIDS a5. ines Aenea soe tee cee cece ne 53 

JAC OPUSE. .seeee te cUlous 34 ote eee ee 53 
| —Thelamita integra..............-------ceeee- 609 

Thalassaétus pelagicus..........-... Bssies Seer 57 

Thalassina anomala. -- -s..2s.csc2ccesccces 598, 618 
BITS EAP s eee neon ae eee 618 

SCOTPlONIdeS) 22. 2.222 ncn es acme 618 
Thalassophryne..................- 511, 513, 514, 525 
amazonica.... .....-. 514,515,517 

CRCAe es. enc eee eae ee eee 513 

dowi.......... 513,514,515,516, 518 

THAGCHIOSE Ae toeee. ee 512,519, 520 
megalops...ci..2...--- 514, 523, 524 
Matvercri..2....s<2222 512,519, 520 

punctate :.cscs-cs2s- 512,518, 519 

TECH IAtAsc Sess coe ee Dla o2e 

PDN BIESSOtNIA 2 <-eacon toc nek eee oe 511,514, 525 
montevidensis...............-. 525 

PSH ALOSENIS =... 2 sch c 2 Be ee nee ee eee 433 
CUD WARD ee a kee s eoore 408, 417 
SCPE taeee 2a stc cine ccperehteie = eee 418 

TPhaumatocrinus:.:=2452.:<cecctceceenaceee ce 331 

‘Mhelphusa chilensiseo-s-c2:s-cs-cooteuee ee 578, 618 

SU OCG en beatae. o2 = = ciate Soe he meee eine 618 

CVOSA ec aisciss ces st a SuGiccjamae cect 575, 618 

PANAMENSIS! = 2422S colackadeonee ees 575, 618 

SUIGRTA SS ke c.~ 03's. w- stedisavjeneeaiee 575, 616, 618 
Thompson, William Francis, and David Starr 
Jordan, De- 


scription of a 
new species of 
deep - water 


seculpin (Tri- 
glopsis onta- 
riensis) from 


Lake Ontario, 
with notes on 
related — spe- 


o 


and David Starr 
Jordan, Note 
on the gold- 
eye, Amphi- 
odon alosoides 
Rafinesque, or 
E Lattonistius 
chrysopsis 
(Richardson). 353 
and Edwin Cha- 
pin Starks, A 
review of the 
flounders be- 
longing to the 
genus Pleuro- 
nichthys.....- td 
Thrush, blue and red rock............------ 74,175 





676 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Mhrush;eyebrowed:s---. 3. --\-soseises-e see 175 | Trichostibas hepheestiella..............:..... 530 
Hermit sees 355. seen eases ees 73 lophlebiajscts--eanek eee eee 530 
Siberiantproundt. tees seeeeceescee= 175 isthmiclla? s)- 332 =e. ae ae 528 
White's ground... -a-- sane ann- en 174 new moths of the genus.......-. 527 
APIO PUS erence Somes eee ee eee Reee ee 431 pallidicostella....-<2-- 3-5-2-..2- 527 
Miphia aSHM CAdis sj .\sr-ijoserorsstayemieteinclaleeene = 121 PSLVUle oso ee ee eRe eS 527 
lucid ase ~ 2 aes snismeeiscae sins = Sea 121 venatellas: 5. a. sos eece 530 
Segrepatal s..5 07. «sj :ocie Ade Sapee Raw 1225) “irinchostomaji5.2<2 <2 12s ee eee ee 291 
STISA os, ose cin. haa Socio ee elle epee eae 27.,\ wri zeneamOrosa..-.. se acceuseees eee eee 271 
VATISDINIS Soo soins cine ose atei = Sere 7 POTS 2 oss eee tne sae ere 271 
ishbeWurcatus = ieecien sec ces eee 417) ivi lopsis. .2icasct cee ose eee 75 
Tit, Korean:long-tailed .20) 3-0. 55s524e-ee 173 ontariensis== 4-22" cena ee eee 75, 78 
penduline soc se- eee ice neoe 73 Stimpsonis.- tas cceeisceset see eeee 77,78 
Seebohm’s long-tailed..........-..-...-. 172 thompsonis: (2225.2 ee 76, 77,78 
Mitlank,:Schlevelisvn 1c se <> see bee cen 71,171.) “irimerestrus convictus:!:-2 226-52. 4sesseee 112 
Tit-mouse, Japanese... 20.2.6. 3. shan i oseie 172 gramineuss=)\ssoe eee sees 113 
Toadfishes, venomous, a review of the....... 511 Maclatissee ese eee 112 
MO ece eclectic secs aesee cece eee 151 monticolac 2.52 sees 112 
Tolype adollas ss. 2-2 js basge aie eee sae ee 255 mucrosquamatus.............- 112 
albula..... salsa bes tiseptee eon ae ceeS 255 okinayvensiss:) 2: poss see 112 
Celestion Sassen srascecomeemaset cma 254 | Trionyx (Aspidonectes) sinensis............. 114 
ol a Seek ence enn eae 259) | rochiodes.cy domiat 52. 2 -< cranes eee 260 
INTCMNSliS Ss sess cane en aseee ae aar esas 294; #0ropici bird, red-tailed= 255-9643 aos ee 42 
INO Qes eclsts. cece Se eeeiieee aces aise 255 White tote. oe eee 42 
POPOTO Kee sess ras nome qamepcieeincie sees 29) | “iropinodotus,sauterinss).4-- nse sane 103 
Toros abjectantus:: <. ..<eijs< se seo sisio ei see 264 SWinhonis so-Sseep ees seer sece 103 
CINCUATIUS! < cee cce(ye coc emie tees 264.|| ry phomys AGUStuS.2-5-4-- =e ee eeeee 399 
Quadriptinctatass sero: oceetec esate 2640) Sischaikes O36: see ses seeeeceiae enero 35 
Scolopacinarius. so. -.ceheosce see 2641 eschelutschjéksace- asc eae eee eee 66 
UTM DLOSATLUS <2) << cco st oe eee oe 264° ||) “Tschermikes 2 5.2 st - once aeeeiee eee ee eee 45 
‘Tortanus Giscaudatus..-2...- 2. <-mesci =f 407 414 *) Se ESCHITOKS se on-eccsactoae eee ee 45 
PT ACIS Se esac tates aokisays asec Ala) STuipes sos. osdose ct sodden see eee ee eee 44 
SelACRUG AUS 2. 26 oo taa eee 407" )|| (Rumion Ss. ..-.-ce25 ea eee eee eee 186 
Totanus nebularius glottoides.............-- 1545)| Mupaia cuyonis's-a.q<qes-c asec eee 393 
mowheeOrevon® so. 3-2 ceeee ee pao seearer 68 ferrugines =. ociscs5-/eaeee sass 394 
Trachinotus carolimus...c-ceees.ces «sees 138 mollendorffi'-/35--5-<.-22 6 eee 393, 394 
Prachodon= 25 sss -. sce ace eee ee 497: «|| fDurdus:cardis sae... cece sepa e eee eeae eee 175 
Trapezia cymodoce ferruginea............-.. 586 Chrysolaus\s<= sss -e2- posse ees 175 
digitalisss27e-nepenoce- sos ce es 586, 618 CUNOMUS:. «<5. 355% «<= Saselaeeeemee 175 
MEITUPINCA: ep eects -.s j= [se eee 586 Naumann lis <sss. joa see cae 17. 
{OLIMOSA Se sc wettest oes ae eee 586, 618 ODSCUTUS 2. 522 2)\-c.2s8s-coas eee 175 
leucodactylarercc cession: see 618 pallidus.i). selec cess sees 175 
PPTICETATOPS soi <32Geec eee cis eee «cheeses eee ADTs) Murnstone, lacks a0) os eae eee 51 
Trichestra stigmatosa......-.5-22--4--- Boece 239)5| SOME DAN «(2/5 ie sais cio ore eee wats si neiai ees ee ea 46 
Trichiurus lepturus: e226 s5.--oeees ee osecee M63) Dainnitellopsis'. << \ji<30 Sea aies wore oe 480 
Trichodactylus cunninghami................ 618 | Turtur decaocta torquatus .................- 156 
(Dilocarcinus) emarginatus 580, 614 welastis <<. sel cto cs oe 1 
orbicularis;<:. | (5805. |\ (Durutura: 3 e.0c- 4-255. 22-ce nossa ee eee eee 
610; 611,614,616) Tyehe lamellifrons.~-- ~:~. 52<-02-ss--eseses 
pictus... 580,611,614 | Tylosurus marinus. .....:..-.....-<...2-sss8 1 
fluvistilisc. 222. semeeeo rere 580), “Lyphlops braminus: .~ 2-255 c<... seen 102 
Branonius:<.55.2cce-eec-eeccee 618s \#iWicabrevitrons = 2a. sas eee eer 592, 612, 618 
granulatus:..2 022 4-cce ses 618 cunningham <<< 2- hoe someone 618 
PUNCtaALUS 35) c2 sete oe ee ae 618 fest. 2.0 seer sas eo ee eases 592 
quadratansc.pss50-- eon 618 galapagensiS = -s2-.32-i5- -2 het 551, 592 
(Trichodactylus) fluviatilis 580,618 | SUDDOSB . ee serine viele ane ts eee eee 618 
(Valdivia) latidens........ 580, 614 hollerise so. 025 Secs. 2c cee eee 592 
margaritifrons.. 580,614 insigniSs.<, 225 22 ee see 551, 592, 609, 612 
pardalinus...... 580, 611 lS VIS fs cs acta acne che eee 549, 618 
peruvianus....... 580, latimanus = eos o35.- coetene enon Sees 592, 612 
611, 614, 618 macrodactylus: scam. <2-- =i steel 592, 612 
Trichodesma/oceola.: 5.5 <<a ac ciee ie oe tee see 230 panamensis so. jeeneee case cea 592, 612 
ursula..... sides ciisemnaeoeeeeene 231 platy dactyla 2.2.22.) 22a eeee eee 618 
Trichostibas calligera........-.0-.-cs-ccsess 527 Ware Styjiiera ccsenseoee ee 618 
chiquita:: 2.2 MBBS cee ae 529 PIINCOPS ht cise sae es 550, 551, 592, 612, 618 
COStaTiCT; 35 s2Senes eee aes 529 stenodactyluss- -c.<-es sete ase 592, 612 
TUMOSa este coseee ht ee 528 Stylifera2 5.5 ccc sos-) oe eeree ae 618 








INDEX. 6 1 7 
Page. Page. 
CASON cs <tekivce Sco see moaech Sha ce ces 549,618 | Woodpecker, Harris’........................ 60 
MOG, DOT separ ote ore erate ein, aia ata eter als a 609, 618 Korean green..........:....... 163 
Al tear ee oa a oye ee 609 white-backed......_... 162 
Ucides occidentalis..-............. 549, 591, 614, 618 Riukiu pigmy....-............ 162 
Whliiasellipticuss. s..22.-s<.ssseseko ees 2225s 593 Seebohm’s pigmy............. 162 
Wria TOMbVia Ales c.02. 552-5052. 5s ase sees a 34 | Woods Hole, copepoda and eladocera of...... 405 
troille californica....:..........-...-.--- Oo" IM VVICOM SACbt ie Sirisha. oto ees ee 72 
Urophlexis\ussuriana:-. 22222. 2.-225-. 5-24-05 174 Commander Island................... 72 
Welitininse 222. 2642..2declenadeccccoasst neck 480 ISOTCAT 2s See sae ee te eo 171 
Viereck, H. L., Descriptions of new species of western winter....................... 72 
ichneumon-flies..........-......2--.2----- SIO} |g WEY MLOCIS <=. .05 2 apes eae ee 61 

Vireo gilvus swainsonii...................... 70 | Wyoming, a new species of fossil crocodile 
western warbling. ..................--- 70 ATOM: st euicwetouncek. soseeacne te eee 485 
Virginia, a new fresh-water amphipod from.. 299 | Xanthias xantusii......................0.... 584 
WBS COIKECUS: 20 ioc,co< ok ee se ceecnc-seeeeeee se 459 | Xantho bifrons...................2....2222-- 618 
Vomer setipinnis............................ 138 brevilrons? 2.02 -s.s<.ssoeocetueeses 618 
Wormela nevans <<. o252<..s0bsdscder sega cas se 385 CLONAGUS So gcce dose eee eee 582 
PCLEPNSNS ese sce sooo ee wee cee He 385, 386 denticmlata. 2... .--5-225- 6s. see see 618 
BNO LOU epee te oe te ee eee ees task 2.2 sree 63 Prandimanusacsssse> 222 acess eee 618 
IOS LTOCHIVOSEo ncaeties. «52s ccm eens eet 45 gaudichaudii.................- 540, 582, 618 
Wultur monachus... ..2...-...60......ceaeees 156 MUltidentatus 22. sss 225-2 sees 618 
Wilture;ATa DIANi. .- 25... dcce~cas ob. -ne ces 156 OLDIgN Yl. 3 satan. deceme ee ee DOONOIS 
Wagtail, black-backed Kamchatkan........ 70, 170 Parvuluse #525655. cce eee eee 609 
(2) OU a 0: 9 dee nn nae ee 171 planusea 22 ssec. ac.22s ee eeeeee tee 582, 618 
PTAY-DACKES - cima tne os conse codes 170 sexdecimdentatus. .._. eee eee 541, 618 
Kamchatkan yellow .............. 71,171 stimpsoni......--- oats eee eee 583 
WUE C rere sire sijsiatele tematic ce cece secs’ 71 ViGtatas cnn vot aoe hee 583, 618 
Walker, Alfred O., Marine amphipods from Xanthodes xantusii......................... 618 
GNU erates tere eas ales okie soe en ws 621 | Xanthodius lobatus....................... 582,613 
Warbler, Arctic willow................-...-- 73 sternberghii...... eee eee eee 610, 613 
PATICUDONSacan en cee es aeece ses cocks 70 | Xanthopygia narcissina.............. Seis 165 
black-throated gray..............-. 70 xanthopygia..............-...- 165 
Chinese great reed...............-- 174 | Xenodon stejnegeri.....................-.... 92 
Japanese reediz. 2. Soak aes eeee 73 | Xiphopeneus riveti...........:...........-- 608 
large Japanese bush..............-- 174 | Xyleutes strigifer......................25-+.- 269 
NEILESCETIG een eee eats ice anne Seta WOrspMNCAIN AS CLA see aetceie sss late cee noe cee e eee 163 
Macgillivray’s .<<c0<22+2<secce0ce25 70 | Yungipicus kizuki nigrescens...............- 162 
Middendorf’s grasshopper... ......-.. 73 seebohmil.s.......----seee 162 
APL AS ae pe ees Sree Sono Se Gps 70 scintilliceps doerriesi.......-.... 163 
Temminck’s crowned willow...... 17a Viuinexetorquillae sees. 2.2. = See ee ee 61 
IV RUCT=COG Kee ee oe aes sae ten ateicnie oe Tos AAI teSs oso ace ee ease ek: eee eee 188 
Weckel, Ada L., Fresh-water amphipods ZAamMolismoctelia..25. acs .ce sees eee eee 235 
HOMER CL cea vas owicSenscckcc oceccdconeetds 623 | Zaocys dhumnades........-......-.--------- 106 
Weed, Alfred C.,and Barton A. Bean, A re- FAS POOUSIT ==. 2 ssn ss cee ee ee eee eeeeesee 429 
view of the venomous toadfishes........... NUE ZULU 2 ee ale es ae ee 251 
Weymouth, Frank Walter, Notes on a collec- OPINOMS.\.c cee so55- cect eee seers 251 
tion of fishes from Cameron, Louisiana .... 135 ZELOCPlISeee. ce aato ene aea ee eae eee 252 
Wihite-eye, Stejneger’s...< 2.220022 coecces se 625166:.| “Zeuzera ramuscula .......2- 222 -cgescssece 269 
WAM OTOULSCHS S <...).25165 Senc cn seals aaineoisidiccie 32 | Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli.............- 67 
MOON COC Karate ne o.e ccise aise sce aceite se sceee's 15S: I MZOSUINC (2 Sac, cc icire sccie cae cite eee 428 
Woodpecker, Amur pigmy.................- 163 | Zosterops japonicus................-.-------- 62 
Gairdner’s:222....224.2 cess see 60 stejnegeri.........---------- wanes 62,166 

great black ost: secs wes del 60 


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